Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device MultiFRAD 200-Series Model FR2201 User Guide
User Guide 88311500 Revision A MultiFRAD II (Model FR2201) This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior expressed written permission from Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1998, by Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Furthermore, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.
Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Preview of this Guide ................................................................................................................................. 7 Front Panel Description ............................................................................................................................
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. Limited Warranty ...................................................................................................................................... On-line Warranty Registration ............................................................................................................ Tech Support .....
Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
MultiFRAD II User Guide Introduction Welcome to Multi-Tech's new MultiFRAD II™, model FR2201, a Router/ Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD) that encapsulates non-packetized data streams from serial and LAN devices into frame relay frames and frames that data with header and trailer information prior to sending it to the frame relay network. The MultiFRAD (Figure 1-1) enables non-frame relay devices to connect to a common carrier frame relay network service or private frame relay network.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Preview of this Guide This User Guide describes the MultiFRAD and details how to install and configure it. The information contained in each chapter is as follows: Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Chapter 1 describes the MultiFRAD and includes front panel descriptions, back panel connectors, and relevant technical specifications. Chapter 2 - Installation This chapter provides information on unpacking and cabling your MultiFRAD.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Front Panel Description The front panel has three groups of LEDs that provide the status of the LAN connection, trunk and data channel activity, and general status of the MultiFRAD. The Ethernet LAN LEDs display LAN activity; i.e., they show whether the MultiFRAD is connected to the LAN, transmitting or receiving packets, and if a data collision is occurring.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Back Panel Description All the cable connections to the MultiFRAD are made at the back panel. Four categories of cables are used on the MultiFRAD: Ethernet, Channels, Command Port, and Trunk (RS232/V.35). The back panel connectors are shown in Figure 1-2 and described in the following groups. ETHERNET 10BASE T AUI CHANNEL 2 COMMAND PORT CHANNEL 1 TRUNK (RS232/V.35) POWER Figure 1-2.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Shunts There are three shunts (Figure 1-3) on the printed circuit board for the trunk and the data channels. Trunk RS232 Shunt Position Trunk V.35 Shunt Position Channel 1 V.35 Shunt Position Channel 2 V.35 Shunt Position Figure 1-3. Shunts The MultiFRAD has separate shunts for the trunk and both data channels. Both the default RS232 Shunt Position and the V.35 position for the Trunk are identified. The V.35 positions for the Channel shunts are also shown.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Technical Specifications The MultiFRAD conforms to the following specifications: • • • • • • Provides access to Frame Relay Networks for IP, IPX, bridged LAN traffic, Async and HDLC Sync devices Trunk and data ports can be configured as either EIA-232 or V.35 Trunk speeds up to T1/E1, synchronous Command Port - 19.2 Kbps, asynchronous 4 MB DRAM 1MB of Flash memory Data Ports • • • • • Supports 2 data ports Data port speeds from 300 bps to 115.
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Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 2 - Installation
MultiFRAD II User Guide Introduction This chapter will guide you through the unpacking and installation of your MultiFRAD. The installation procedure, which is preceded by important safety warnings, provides step-by-step instructions on cabling and powering-on the MultiFRAD. Chapter 3 provides instructions on installing and configuring the MultiFRAD software. Unpacking your MultiFRAD Remove all items from the box.
Chapter 2 - Installation Cabling your MultiFRAD Cabling your MultiFRAD involves making the proper Power, Command Port, Ethernet, and Channel connections. Figure 2-2 shows the back panel connectors and the associated cable connections. Table 2-1 details the procedures for connecting the cables to your MultiFRAD. Table 2-1. Cabling Procedure Step Procedure 1 Connect one end of a (supplied) DB25 back-to-back cable to each of the data channel connectors on the back of your MultiFRAD (labeled CHANNEL 1-2).
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Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
MultiFRAD II User Guide Installing your Software The following procedure does not provide every screen or option used in the process of installing the MultiFRAD software. The assumption is that a technical person with a thorough knowledge of Windows and the software loading process is doing the installation. Additional information on the MultiFRAD software is provided in the User Guide supplied with your MultiFRAD II. 1. Run Windows on the PC that is connected to the Command Port. 2.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration After all the program files from both disks are loaded, the Setup dialog box is displayed, enabling you to designate the COM port of the PC that is connected to your MultiFRAD. On the Select Port field, click the down arrow and choose the COM port of your PC (COM1 -- COM4) that is connected to your MultiFRAD. Click OK to continue. 7. The Setup Complete screen is displayed. 8. Click Finish to continue configuring your MultiFRAD.
MultiFRAD II User Guide If your network DOES NOT include a file server, we recommend disabling Auto Learn; the MultiFRAD or the network administrator can assign the network numbers. If your network DOES include a file server, we recommend enabling Auto Learn and allowing the MultiFRAD to learn the IPX network numbers from the file server.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration The WAN port can be further configured (after the software installation is completed) by clicking the MultiFRAD Configuration icon and then clicking the WAN button. 22. Click OK on the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box. 23. The Data Port Configuration dialog box enables you to individually configure the two data channels (Port 1 and Port 2).
MultiFRAD II User Guide 25. If your data device is an asynchronous device, click Asynchronous to enable it, then set the Speed (for Internal Clocking) in the drop-down list. Also select the Word Length, Parity, Stop Bits, etc. for your device. Refer to the user documentation for the parameters of the data device. If your data device is a synchronous device, ensure that the clocking is correct, also the Speed if an internal clock is used.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration 32. Win3.1 users - you are returned to your Program Manager where the MultiFRAD Program Group and Program Item (Windows icons) have been created. Win95/NT users - you are returned to your MultiFRAD 2000 folder which will be visible on your desktop. Your MultiFRAD is operational at this time. 33. To map the detected DLCIs to your data ports and protocols, proceed with the following steps: Win3.
MultiFRAD II User Guide 37. Click the DLCI you want to map. The Protocol Mappings, Port Mappings, and all the other groups become active. 38. To map this DLCI to one or more data ports, click (in the Port Mappings group) the desired Data Port number(s) (1 and/or 2) that you want to associate with this DLCI. 39. Ensure that Throttle Up and Down is selected in the Congestion Management group. 40. Ensure that Adhere to CIR + Be is selected in the Mode group. Multi-Tech recommends using this setting initially.
Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software
MultiFRAD II User Guide Introduction This chapter describes the MultiFRAD 2000 software from an applications approach in how the configuration can be changed with recommendations on the impact of that change. The major configuration parameters were set during your loading of the software and downloading of your configuration at the end of the software installation. The MultiFRAD 2000 software is designed for the Microsoft ® Windows ® environment.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software Download Firmware This utility allows you to download the firmware to the MultiFRAD. This may be necessary in the case of repair or upgrade. To download the firmware, choose Download Firmware from the MultiFRAD 2000 program group, and the Open dialog box is displayed (if the MultiFRAD is running, you will be queried to reboot to update firmware; click OK to proceed and the Open dialog will be displayed).
MultiFRAD II User Guide MultiFRAD Configuration To view or change your MultiFRAD configuration in Windows 95/NT, click Start | Programs | MultiFRAD 2000 | MultiFRAD Configuration, or double-click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the MultiFRAD 2000 program group. After loading, the MF2000 Setup menu will appear. Setup Menu The MultiFRAD 2000 Setup menu consists of 12 buttons in which you can point and click, an Events window, and a status bar.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software IP Setup The IP Setup dialog box enables you change the IP routing capabilities, add or delete logical WANs, enable the DHCP relay agent, assign DNS server addresses, and define static routes and a default route. The initial routing capabilities were established during the software installation. You can change IP routing parameters by clicking on the Advanced tab and changing, for example, the RIP Response Time or RIP Route Aging Time.
MultiFRAD II User Guide (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) options, the default route, filters, and Static Routes. In most cases, you should not have to change the value of any timer (default TTL, reassembly timeout, RIP response time, or RIP route aging time). The DNS Resolver is supplied for remote Telnet clients when the router is configured for remote access and the terminal server application is enabled.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software IPX Setup The IPX Setup dialog box controls the four frame types; the WAN ports setup; and the advanced tab enables IPX routing, enables auto learn of Ethernet network numbers, and specifies the distributed name of the MultiFRAD. The RIP and SAP default timers should not have to be changed for most applications. Disabling IPX and SPX Watchdog Spoofing in the Bandwidth Optimization group has proven effective under certain circumstances with Citrix clients.
MultiFRAD II User Guide both virtual WAN numbers have to be the same and unique. In a frame relay configuration, the logical WAN network number has to be the same and unique at both ends of the Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC). The Advanced IPX Setup dialog box controls the routing of the protocol, enables or disables auto learn of Ethernet network numbers, specifies the broadcast name of the MultiFRAD, and defines any IPX filtering by filter type, port number, and IPX address.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software Spanning Tree Setup When the Bridging Enable option is enabled, the Spanning Tree Setup dialog box controls transparent bridging; however, if there are any loops or redundant links in the internetwork, the Spanning Tree Algorithm Enable option must also be enabled. Spanning Tree is a method of transparent bridging, as opposed to source route bridging which the MultiFRAD does not support. The MultiFRAD defaults with one logical WAN port mapped to a DLCI.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Statistics The Statistics dialog box enables you to view statistics on the major events of the MultiFRAD. The Statistics dialog box changes depending on the way the WAN port is configured. If the MultiFRAD is configured for point-to-point operation, the button to the right of the WAN button changes from “Frame Relay” to “PPP” and the DLCI button will no longer be active.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software IP Statistics IP is a connection-less network protocol that resides in the network layer of a conventional OSI layered model (for more information on this model, refer to Appendix C). Depending on what is going on at the application layer, IP will typically use one of two transport layer protocols.
MultiFRAD II User Guide IPX Port Statistics The IPX Port Statistics dialog box displays information pertaining to the IPX Port; for example, the frame type used or the number of packets transmitted/received. IPX is a network layer protocol usually associated with Novell NetwareTM networks. It allows for encapsulation of four different frame types over a single physical LAN connection (provided each frame type has a unique network address): RAW (802.3), LLC (802.2), Ethernet II, and SNAP.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software SNMP Statistics The SNMP Statistics dialog box provides statistical information on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). SNMP is an application layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. There are three key components in SNMP: the devices that are to be managed, agents, and the network management systems. The managed device is the network device, such as a router.
MultiFRAD II User Guide WAN Statistics The WAN Port Statistics dialog box provides statistical information regarding the MultiFRAD’s WAN port, including the number of packets transmitted/received, and to transmit, and the number of bytes transmitted/received. This dialog box monitors the traffic on the MultiFRAD’s composite link (WAN) port. The Statistics that fall into the “Others” category relate to the physical layer between the MultiFRAD and the link device; i.e. the CSU/DSU.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software DLCIs show active at both (or all) locations and there is still an end-to-end communication problem, it is likely that it is in the configuration of the MultiFRAD. At that point, review your protocol stack/data port parameters and DLCI mappings. Data Port Statistics The Data Port Statistics dialog box displays statistical information, such as bytes or blocks received/ transmitted, for the two data ports. This window shows the statistics for both data channels.
MultiFRAD II User Guide WAN Port Setup The WAN Port Setup dialog box controls how the port is configured (i.e., for frame relay or point-topoint operation). If the WAN port is configured for frame relay, then the mode of the port is set to Synchronous. If the port is configured for point-to-point, then the mode can be either synchronous or asynchronous. If the mode is asynchronous, then the connection method can be either answering or dialing.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software Point to Point Setup The Point to Point Setup dialog box controls the WAN port protocol, dial on demand, and remote port setup. The WAN port protocol can be either Point to Point Protocol (PPP) or Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP). PPP is the more robust of the two protocols in that it enables the endpoints to negotiate use of the link and protocol parameters in a standardized way and also provides for standardized encapsulation of the packets.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Frame Relay Setup The Frame Relay dialog box displays the CIR Measurement Interval in milliseconds, the Management Type and details of that management type, and the number of DLCI’s that are active. The MultiFRAD can detect DLCIs and the Management Type when you are connected to an active frame relay service. So it is important that if you change any frame relay parameters, that the new parameters agree with the way your frame relay service is provisioned.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software If you click the DLCI button on the right side of the dialog box, the Frame Relay DLCI dialog box is displayed. If you are connected to a frame relay service, this dialog box should display your current DLCI numbers automatically. It also shows the protocol mapping of the highlighted DLCI, which data port it is mapped to, and how you set up your Congestion Management, Mode, CIR, and Be values.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Congestion Management, Mode, and CIR/Be settings are used to avoid congestion and possible loss of data. The Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Excess Burst rate (Be) settings are throughput amounts determined by the network and user when each DLCI is ordered. The CIR is the basic throughput which the network will try to set aside for that DLCI. It will always be equal to or less than the actual access rate of the physical line (i.e.
Chapter 4 - MultiFRAD Software When you click the OK button in the IP WAN dialog box, you now have an IP address for a second logical WAN. Now we have to tie that IP address to a DLCI which in our example is DLCI 17. Now, return to the Frame Relay DLCI dialog box and highlight DLCI 17. Click the Protocol Mappings Map IP Address down arrow and the IP address 192.168.2.1 appears. Click this address and now IP address 192.168.2.1 is mapped to DLCI 17. We now have WAN IP address 192.168.2.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Data Port Configuration This dialog box lets you leave both data ports enabled for normal data transfer operations or disable a given port if you do not want to transmit or receive data over it. The Destination Port parameter will be active only if both data ports have been mapped to the same DLCI. For point-to-point operation, only APSM mode will be enabled. For frame relay operation, APSM mode allows both data ports and any protocol stacks to be mapped to a single DLCI.
Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
MultiFRAD II User Guide Introduction This chapter provides procedures for changing the configuration of a remote MultiFRAD unit. Remote configuration enables a PC at one site (local site) to dial a remote MultiFRAD and change the configuration of that remote unit. Remote configuration can be accomplished either directly through the LAN or remotely using modems.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management remote MultiFRAD. If your Modem Initialization String, Initialization Response, or Connect Response values are different than the defaults in the dialog box, refer to your modem user documentation and change the default values to match your modem. Click OK when you are satisfied with all your selections. 6 You are returned to the Windows program. Start the MultiFRAD Configuration program. Windows 3.
MultiFRAD II User Guide LAN-Based Remote Configuration Windows Sockets Compliant TCP/IP Stack The configuration program requires a Windows Sockets compliant TCP/IP stack. Microsoft provides a TCP/IP stack free for Windows for Workgroups 3.11. TCP/IP protocol software must be installed and functional before the configuration program can be used. 1 You must assign an Internet (IP) address for the PC and for each node that will be managed by the configuration program.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management 7 After you have changed the configuration of the remote MultiFRAD, click the Download Setup button to update the configuration. The remote MultiFRAD will be brought down, the new configuration written to the unit, and the unit will reboot. 8 Click the Exit button when the downloading is complete. 9 Click the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the Program Manager screen to verify that the MultiFRAD is running.
MultiFRAD II User Guide MultiFRAD Management The MultiFRAD management menu provides two options; MultiFRAD Configuration and Remote User Database. The MultiFRAD Configuration options enable you to select the protocol stacks, high or low level device drivers, applications, Mux data ports, filtering, priority, or system information. The Remote User Database option enables you to build and maintain a user database for remote access.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management Remote User Database The Remote User Database option from the MultiFRAD management menu enables you add and configure a list of users who will access the MultiFRAD remotely. After selecting Remote User Database (type 2 ) from the MultiFRAD Setup menu, type A to add a new user to the database.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Web Browser Management The MultiFRAD can be accessed from anywhere on the connected Internet via the built-in WEB Browser interface. You must check this option in Other setup to enable the function. Depending on the rights of the user (read/write, or read only), it is possible to view the current parameters and statistics of the MultiFRAD as well as configure and download setup changes to the MultiFRAD.
Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support
MultiFRAD II User Guide Introduction This chapter will provide you the resources for receiving service or support for your MultiFRAD. The chapter starts with a description of the warranty, and continues with instructions for contacting the Service department, Technical Support group, and various Multi-Tech Internet resources. Limited Warranty Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support Tech Support Multi-Tech has an excellent staff of technical support personnel available to help you get the most out of your Multi-Tech product. If you have any questions about the operation of this unit, call 1-800-9722439. Please fill out the MultiFRAD information (below), and have it available when you call. If your MultiFRAD requires service, the tech support specialist will guide you on how to send in your equipment (refer to the next section).
MultiFRAD II User Guide Service If your tech support specialist decides that service is required, your MultiFRAD may be sent (freight prepaid) to our factory. Return shipping charges will be paid by Multi-Tech Systems. Include the following with your MultiFRAD: • a description of the problem. • return billing and return shipping addresses. • contact name and phone number. • check or purchase order number for payment if the MultiFRAD is out of warranty.
Chapter 6 - Warranty, Service and Tech Support The Multi-Tech BBS For customers who do not have Internet access, Multi-Tech maintains a bulletin board system (BBS) that mirrors its FTP site. Information available from the BBS includes new product information, product upgrade files, and problem-solving tips. The phone number for the Multi-Tech BBS is (800) 392-2432 (USA and Canada) or (612) 785-3702 (international and local).
MultiFRAD II User Guide 8. 9. When the download is complete, press ENTER to return to the File Menu. To exit the BBS, type G and press ENTER. About CompuServe In addition to the BBS, Multi-Tech provides support through CompuServe’s Modem Vendor Forum (GO MODEMVEN). Refer to your CompuServe documentation for special operating procedures. About the Internet If you prefer to receive technical support via the Internet, you can contact Tech Support via e-mail at the following address: http://www.multitech.
Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Appendixes
MultiFRAD II User Guide Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams Command Port Cable 13 25 12 11 24 10 23 9 22 8 7 21 20 6 19 5 18 4 17 3 16 2 15 1 14 COMMAND PORT PIN NO. To COMMAND PORT Connector PIN NO. 1 1 2 2 TRANSMIT DATA (BA) 3 3 RECEIVE DATA (BB) 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 20 20 22 22 25 25 SIGNAL GROUND (AB) To DTE Device (Terminal Device i.e.
Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams Trunk Cable 13 12 25 24 11 10 23 9 22 8 7 21 20 6 19 5 18 4 17 3 16 2 15 1 14 TRUNK (RS232/V.35) RS232C/V.24 * Link Cable PIN NO. To External Synchronous Modem/DSU Connector PIN NO. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 15 15 17 17 20 20 25 25 CHASSIS GROUND (AA) TRANSMIT DATA (BA) RECEIVE DATA (BB) REQUEST TO SEND (CA) CLEAR TO SEND (CB) To MultiRouter Link 1,2 or 3 RS232C/V.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Remote Configuration Cable PIN NO. To COMMAND PORT Connector 1 FRAME GROUND 2 2 TRANSMIT DATA (TX) 3 3 RECEIVE DATA (RX) 4 4 REQUEST TO SEND (RTS) 5 5 CLEAR TO SEND (CTS) 6 6 7 7 8 8 20 20 22 22 25 25 Male 64 PIN NO. 1 Male SIGNAL GROUND To DCE Device (Communication Device i.e.
Appendix B - Regulatory Information Appendix B - Regulatory Information Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial installation.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Appendix C - Network Overview Network architecture defines how computer equipment and other devices are linked together to form a communications system that enables users to share information and resources. There are proprietary network architectures and open architectures like the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model defined by the International Organization for Standardization (IOS).
Appendix C - Network Overview including more sophisticated error handling, prioritization, and security features. It provides quality service and accurate delivery by providing connection-oriented services between two end systems. The transport layer controls the sequence of packets, regulates traffic flow, and recognizes duplicate packets. It assigns packetized information which is a tracking number that is checked at the destination.
MultiFRAD II User Guide different destination address, and in some cases, different sizes. A typical packet holds 512 bytes of information, so it takes many packets to transfer a large file over a network. As packets traverse a network, the addressing information contained in them is used by bridges and routers to direct packets to their destination, or keep them off of networks where they don't belong.
Appendix C - Network Overview IP Addressing Every node on an IP network requires a 4-byte numeric address that identifies both a network and a local host or node on the network. This address is written as four numbers separated by dots, for example, 148.1.9.1. In most cases, the network administrator sets up these addresses when installing a device.
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Router/Two-Port Frame Relay Access Device Glossary
MultiFRAD II User Guide A Access: The T1 line element made up of two pairs of wire that the telephone company brings to the customer premises. The Access portion ends with a connection at the local telco (LEC or RBOC). Accunet Spectrum of Digital Services (ASDS): The AT&T 56K bps leased (private) line service. Similar to services of MCI and Sprint. ASDS is available in nx56/64K bps, where n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12.
Glossary Basic Rate Interface (BRI): An ISDN access interface type comprised of two B-channels each at 64K bps and one D-channel at 64K bps (2B+D). Bell Operating Companies (BOC): The family of corporations created during the divestiture of AT&T. BOCs are independent companies which service a specific region of the US. Also called Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs).
MultiFRAD II User Guide Channel bank: A device that acts as a converter, taking the digital signal from the T1 line into a phone system and converting it to the analog signals used by the phone system. A channel bank acts as a multiplexer, placing many slow-speed voice or data transactions on a single high-speed link. Circuit-switched Network: A technology used by the PSTN that allocates a pair of conductors for the exclusive use of one communication path.
Glossary Device driver: Software that controls how a computer communicates with a device, such as a printer or mouse. Digital Cross-connect System (DCS): The CO device which splits and redistributes the T1 bandwidth. The DCS takes time slots from various T1 lines and alters them to provide the needed connectivity. DCS connections are made with software at an administrator's workstation. Digital Data: Information represented by discrete values or conditions (contrast "Analog Data").
MultiFRAD II User Guide Exchange Termination (ET): The carrier's local exchange switch. Contrast with "Loop Termination - LT". Explicit Congestion Management: The method used in frame relay to notify the terminal equipment that the network is overly busy. The use of FECN and BECN is called explicit congestion management. Some end-to-end protocols use FECN or BECN, but usually not both options together. With this method, a congestion condition is identified and fixed before it becomes critical.
Glossary Graphical User Interface (GUI): A type of computer interface consisting of a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop. Within that scene are icons, representing actual objects, that the user can access and manipulate with a pointing device. H Handshaking: A process that two modems go through at the time of call setup to establish synchronization over the data communications link.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Key Set: A telephone set with several buttons for call holding, line pickup, intercom, autodialing, etc. Also called a touch tone phone (Ericsson) and a KTS (Key Telephone Set). L LAPB: Link Access Procedure Balanced; based on the X.25 Layer 2 specification. A full-duplex point-to-point bit-synchronous protocol commonly used as a data link control protocol to interface X.25 DTEs.
Glossary Multiplexer (Mux): 1. A device that takes several input signals and combines them into a single output signal in such a manner that each of the input signals can be recovered. 2. A device capable of interleaving the events of two or more activities or capable of distributing the events of an interleaved sequence to the respective activities. 3. Putting multiple signals on a single channel. Multiprotocol: A device that can interoperate with devices utilizing different network protocols.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Physical Unit (PU): The component that manages and monitors the resources (such as attached links and adjacent link stations) associated with a node, as requested by an SSCP via an SSCP-PU session. An SSCP activates a session with the physical unit in order to indirectly manage, through the PU, resources of the node such as attached links. This term applies to type 2.0, type 4, and type 5 nodes only.
Glossary RJ-45: An 8-wire modular connector for voice and data circuits. Robbed Bit Signaling: The popular T1 signaling mechanism where the A and B bits are sent by each side of the T1 termination and are "buried" in the voice data of each voice channel in the T1 circuit. Since the bits are "robbed" infrequently, voice quality is remains relatively uncompromised. See "bit robbing". The robbed-bit signaling technique is used in D4 channel banks to convey signaling information.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Synchronous Transmission: The transmission of data which involves sending a group of characters in a packet. This is a common method of transmission between computers on a network or between modems. One or more synchronous characters are transmitted to confirm clocking before each packet of data is transmitted. Compare to Asynchronous Transmission.
Glossary Trunk: Transmission links that interconnect switching offices. TSR (terminate and stay resident): A software program that remains active and in memory after its user interface is closed. Similar to a daemon in UNIX environments. Tunneling: Encapsulation data in an IP packet for transport across the Internet. Twisted pair wiring: A type of cabling with one or more pairs of insulated wires wrapped around each other.
MultiFRAD II User Guide Index A About CompuServe ............................................. 60 About the Internet ................................................ 60 About the Multi-Tech Fax-Back Service ............... 60 ASCII String ......................................................... 19 Attachment Unit Interface ...................................... 9 B Back Panel Connectors Channels 1 and 2 ........................................... 9 Command Port ...........................................
Index Packet ................................................................. 67 Point to Point Setup ............................................. 41 Power Connector ................................................... 9 SNMP Statistics ................................................... 37 Software Uninstall ........................................................... 27 Spanning Tree Setup ........................................... 33 Specifications Command Port ........................................