Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Li-ion Battery Charger Designer Reference Manual M68HC08 Microcontrollers DRM043/D Rev. 0, 06/2003 MOTOROLA.COM/SEMICONDUCTORS For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual — DRM043/D Section 1. Table of Contents Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Section 1. System Overview 1.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 8-pin PDIP MC68HC908QT2 Feature . . . .
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Table of Contents Designer Reference Manual 4 DRM043/D — Rev 0 Table of Contents For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Li-ion Battery Charger Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Designer Reference Manual — Rev 0 by: Roger Fan Applications Engineering Microcontroller Division Hong Kong DRM043/D — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual MOTOROLA 5 For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual DRM043/D — Rev 0 6 MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual — DRM043/D Section 1. System Overview 1.1 Contents 1.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 8-pin PDIP MC68HC908QT2 Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. System Overview • Applied constant current and constant voltage charge method. • Implemented trickle charge mode when battery voltage is too low. • Charge cut off and signify battery full when charging current fall below 75mA. • Over current, over voltage, over temperature protection. • In-circuit programming for firmware upgrade 1.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual — DRM043/D Section 2. Hardware and Firmware 2.1 Contents 2.2 Hardware Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3 Firmware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4 Firmware files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2 Hardware Descriptions 5V Bulk Regulator Regulator 3.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware 2.2.1 Power supply to the MCU Please refer to the schematic at 3.5 Schematics The power input to the charger should be a regulated 5V, 1A supply to P1. TL431 is used in this reference design to act as a voltage regulator with 1% accuracy to provide power to the micro-controller. 2.2.2 Charging control Pin 7 of the MCU is the TCH0 which is configured as a PWM output.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware Hardware Descriptions If the battery is built in with a NTC, the NTC Z1 on the demo board can be removed. 2.2.4 Charging status PTA3 is used to control the on-off of two LEDs to indicate different charging status( see Table 2-1). To turn on both LEDs, PTA3 is set as input. When set to output high, it will turn on the Green LED. When set as output low, it will turn on the Red LED. Table 2-1.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Hardware and Firmware Figure 2-2. QT2 Charger QT2 is an 8pin MCU, although it is a small pin count MCU but it has all the critical features that a MCU needed. It has two channels of powerful timer, 4 ADC channels, maximum 6 I/Os. LVI, COP, external IRQ etc. The four 4 8-bit ADC channel and the powerful timer which can be config as PWM output make it suitable for working as a single cell Li-ion battery charger controller.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware Firmware Description 2.3 Firmware Description 2.3.1 Battery inserted detection. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Normally, a Lithium-ion battery has 3 terminals, B+, B- and T. The terminal T can be one of the terminals for temperature sensor or a dummy resistor. The battery charger can sense the voltage at the corresponding T of J1 (refer to charger schematic at 3.5).
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware mode. If the voltage does not raise up to 2.5V after 10 mins trickle charge, the charger will signify that the battery is a bad battery and stop the charging process. 2.3.3 Fast charge The fast charging is divided into two states. They are constant current charging and constant voltage charging. A max charging time is also set for the fast charging mode. 2.3.3.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware Firmware Description The battery is announced charge full and charging power is cut off when the charging current is less than 75mA. ******************************************************************** * * Check Battery voltage valid (ADC3) VrefH = 4.40V *------------------------------------------------------------------* Battery(V) 1.0V 2.5V 4.0V 4.1V 4.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware 2.3.5 State diagram At any stage, if battery removed, will go to START START battery removed N battery not removed Check Battery Insert Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Y T, V out-range FAULT Check Battery V, T 1 < V < 2.5v V > = 4.1v Trickle Charge Mode V > 2.5v V > 2.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware and Firmware Firmware files 2.4 Firmware files Firmware is complied under CASM08Z.EXE ver 3.16 from P&E Microcomputer System, Inc. Table 2-2 summarizes the functions of each firmware files: Table 2-2. Functions Functions QT4CHGRDEMO.asm Charger main program MC68HC908QT4.equ QT4 registers and memory definitions QT4CHGR_INC.asm Subroutines include files Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Hardware and Firmware Designer Reference Manual 18 DRM043/D — Rev 0 Hardware and Firmware For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual — DRM043/D Section 3. 3.1 Contents 3.2 Test Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3 Extra Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.5 Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 3.4 Further Information 3.4.1 Related Documents Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... MC68HC908QT2 Technical Data Designer Reference Manual DRM043/D — Rev 0 20 MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Schematics Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 3.5 Schematics DRM043/D — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual MOTOROLA 21 For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual DRM043/D — Rev 0 22 MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Schematics DRM043/D — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual MOTOROLA 23 For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual DRM043/D — Rev 0 24 MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual — DRM043/D Section 1. Glossary A — See “accumulators (A and B or D).” accumulators (A and B or D) — Two 8-bit (A and B) or one 16-bit (D) general-purpose registers in the CPU. The CPU uses the accumulators to hold operands and results of arithmetic and logic operations. acquisition mode — A mode of PLL operation with large loop bandwidth. Also see ’tracking mode’.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary binary number system — The base 2 number system, having two digits, 0 and 1. Binary arithmetic is convenient in digital circuit design because digital circuits have two permissible voltage levels, low and high. The binary digits 0 and 1 can be interpreted to correspond to the two digital voltage levels.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary comparator — A device that compares the magnitude of two inputs. A digital comparator defines the equality or relative differences between two binary numbers. computer operating properly module (COP) — A counter module that resets the MCU if allowed to overflow. condition code register (CCR) — An 8-bit register in the CPU that contains the interrupt mask bit and five bits that indicate the results of the instruction just executed.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary • SP (16-bit stack pointer) • PC (16-bit program counter) • CCR (8-bit condition code register) cycle time — The period of the operating frequency: tCYC = 1/fOP. D — See “accumulators (A and B or D).” decimal number system — Base 10 numbering system that uses the digits zero through nine. duty cycle — A ratio of the amount of time the signal is on versus the time it is off. Duty cycle is usually represented by a percentage.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary index registers (IX and IY) — Two 16-bit registers in the CPU. In the indexed addressing modes, the CPU uses the contents of IX or IY to determine the effective address of the operand. IX and IY can also serve as a temporary data storage locations. input/output (I/O) — Input/output interfaces between a computer system and the external world.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary memory location — Each M68HC12 memory location holds one byte of data and has a unique address. To store information in a memory location, the CPU places the address of the location on the address bus, the data information on the data bus, and asserts the write signal. To read information from a memory location, the CPU places the address of the location on the address bus and asserts the read signal.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary operand — Data on which an operation is performed. Usually a statement consists of an operator and an operand. For example, the operator may be an add instruction, and the operand may be the quantity to be added. oscillator — A circuit that produces a constant frequency square wave that is used by the computer as a timing and sequencing reference. OTPROM — One-time programmable read-only memory.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary program counter (PC) — A 16-bit register in the CPU. The PC register holds the address of the next instruction or operand that the CPU will use. pull — An instruction that copies into the accumulator the contents of a stack RAM location. The stack RAM address is in the stack pointer. pullup — A transistor in the output of a logic gate that connects the output to the logic 1 voltage of the power supply.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary shift register — A chain of circuits that can retain the logic levels (logic 1 or logic 0) written to them and that can shift the logic levels to the right or left through adjacent circuits in the chain. signed — A binary number notation that accommodates both positive and negative numbers. The most significant bit is used to indicate whether the number is positive or negative, normally logic 0 for positive and logic 1 for negative.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary two’s complement — A means of performing binary subtraction using addition techniques. The most significant bit of a two’s complement number indicates the sign of the number (1 indicates negative). The two’s complement negative of a number is obtained by inverting each bit in the number and then adding 1 to the result. unbuffered — Utilizes only one register for data; new data overwrites current data.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. HOW TO REACH US: DRM043/D USA/EUROPE/LOCATIONS NOT LISTED: Motorola Literature Distribution P.O. Box 5405 Denver, Colorado 80217 1-800-521-6274 or 480-768-2130 JAPAN: Motorola Japan Ltd. SPS, Technical Information Center 3-20-1, Minami-Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo 106-8573, Japan 81-3-3440-3569 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd. Silicon Harbour Centre 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T.
