Network Solutions Sector ™ Technical Overview 68P81095E55-E Software Release 9.
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Document Overview Scope of Manual This document is intended to summarize and explain the major principle and functions of the iDEN® system. Technical information is presented at a introductory level. The iDEN system is designed for specific customer needs.
Version Information Manuals On-line The following table lists the manual version, date of version, and remarks on the version. Issue Date of Issue Remarks -O 07/18/95 First Release -A 08/16/96 Major rewrite to include latest features, functions and technological developments. -B 10/10/98 Major rewrite to include latest features, functions and technological developments, up to and including GSM09 and SR7.0 -C 11/19/98 Minor corrections added from Formal technical Review (FTR).
Table of Contents Document Overview ........................................................................... iii Scope of Manual ....................................................................... Version Information .................................................................. Manuals On-line ....................................................................... iii iv iv Chapter 1 Introduction August 08, 2000 System Overview ..............................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Chapter 2 iDEN® System Mobile Station .................................................................................... Enhanced Base Transceiver System ................................................... 2-2 2-3 Physical Components ...................................................................... Access Control Gateway ........................................................... Base Radio ...............................................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Mobile Data Gateway ......................................................................... 2-15 Physical Components ...................................................................... Functional Characteristics ............................................................... Gateway .................................................................................... Home Agent .............................................................................. Foreign Agent ....
Table of Contents (continued) Functional Characteristics ............................................................... Fault Management .................................................................... Performance Management ........................................................ Configuration Management ...................................................... 2-27 2-27 2-28 2-28 Administrative Data Center ................................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Cell Sites .......................................................................................... Omni-directional Site ................................................................ Sectored Site ............................................................................. Frequency Re-use ............................................................................ 3-11 3-11 3-11 3-12 Signaling Scheme ....................................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Chapter 4 Dispatch Call Processing General Dispatch Calling .................................................................... 4-1 Region ............................................................................................. Domain ............................................................................................ Service Area .................................................................................... Dispatch Location Area .........................
Table of Contents (continued) Provisioning ........................................................................................ 4-16 Domain ............................................................................................ Service Area .................................................................................... Fleet ................................................................................................. Group ...................................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Chapter 6 Packet Data Networking General ................................................................................................ 6-1 Non-Packet Data Network Service .................................................. Overview ......................................................................................... Administration ................................................................................. Intranet ..................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Appendix B Radio Frequency Channel Types Radio Link Communications Model ................................................... B-1 Physical Layer ................................................................................. Data Link Layer ............................................................................... Logical Link Control ................................................................ Media Access Control .....................................................
Table of Contents (continued) Appendix D Handover General ................................................................................................ D-1 Mobility Management ......................................................................... D-1 Mobility Management Procedures .................................................. MS Tracking ............................................................................. MS Trolling .......................................................................
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter provides an introduction to the iDEN® system communications types, a model to iDEN system, and a discussion of changes to the system that have taken place since the last release of this document. System Overview The outgrowth of the wireless communications market has produced vast opportunities to enhance and improve the communications between individuals.
Organization Reasons for Considering iDEN Traditional PTT radio communications in corporate and municipal environments was limited by the number of radios and Federal Communication Commission (FCC) licensing. These restrictions limited the coverage area, contact outside the assigned, licensed mobile units, and provided little privacy.
Organization Global Global refers to the worldwide, multi-provider, Public Telephone Switched Network (PSTN). The telephone services available worldwide may be accessed from the iDEN system using Interconnect calling. When the iDEN system uses the PSTN (Interconnect) system, the rules and procedures of the PSTN are used. Interconnect calling is the access to land-line systems and the services available and emerging in the public switched environment.
Organization Location Area A Location Area is logical geographical area that is based on the present (most recent) location of a Mobile Station (MS). Each MS on the iDEN system has Location Area Identifiers (LAIs). As the MS moves, different cell sites may service the MS. The equipment that may service the MS defines the Location Area. Interconnect service locations are not the same as Dispatch locations. Interconnect Location Areas are most often larger than Dispatch Location Areas.
Organization Fleet A Fleet is a logical organization of people and/or systems (users) that require mobility. In the broadest terms, a fleet is a subscriber. A subscriber can be: • An individual • A business • An agency • A government or municipal department • An extended family • Any functional organization with members that communicate with each other. The iDEN system provides fleet-based communications with Dispatch call processing (half-duplex mode).
Organization Advantages The iDEN network products provide several important advantages in wireless communication.
Organization Circuit Switched Data Networking Using traditional dial-up technologies, an iDEN MS can access and use remote computing services based on the access rights and permissions of a Host server or and internet service provider. Packet Data Networking Packet data allows an MS to be logically linked to a host system of the internet. Using packet data the MS becomes a remote mobile node on the associated network. Dispatch Calling Dispatch calls follows the half-duplex model of communication.
Physical Organization Physical Organization The iDEN system consists of many components and pieces of physical hardware. The components and hardware are located throughout the local service coverage area. To simplify integration, the equipment uses industry standards for physical size, power requirements, and interface connections wherever possible. Each major component listed has sub-systems that perform more specific tasks. The layout of a simplified iDEN network is shown in Figure 1-1.
Technological Advancements Technological Advancements Software Release 8.0 Software Release 8.0 (SR 8.0) introduces several important and major changes in the operation and functionality.
Technological Advancements Data Communication Improvements Data communications handling changes simplify MS configuration, increase capacity, reduce data stream volume and improve routing failure recovery.
Technological Advancements The OMC 3500 is a newer, faster processor that is available in rack-mount and cabinet configurations. Software Release 8.0 also allows a single OMC to be connected to, and control EBTS sites that cross RF spectra. If a multinational system exists with different frequency ranges, some simple rules apply. • All radios in a single EBTS must be of the same band • All neighbor list candidates for an EBTS must be of the same band.
Technological Advancements Software Release 9.1 Software Release 9.1 (SR 9.1) provides significant improvements in the operations and maintenance of the iDEN system. SR 9.1 is supplied for equipment under warranty and is offered as part of the Software Maintenance Program (SMP) that is available as a subscription. The changes are summarized in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Software Release 9.
Technological Advancements SubEnhancement Hardware System Impact Performance Management Phase 1 (Operations) None Isolated Site Operation for Multiple OMCs None XCDR Voice Processor Recovery None OMC FNE Notes S1000 OMC is no longer supported Subscriber Impact None This improves reporting and prioritization of alarms and messages for E3000/U2 and E3500/U60 OMC-R platforms. The OMC-R will poll for missing statistics until they are received.
Technological Advancements Introduction 1-14 68P81095E55-E August 08, 2000
Chapter 2 iDEN® System This section describes the iDEN® system Network Elements (Figure 2-1). Network elements are hardware and software that form operational components of the system. Each of the depicted components is described individually. Figure 2-1 Generalized iDEN System Architecture GPS T1/E1 iSC ACG circuit breakers Rx/Tx interface Rx/Tx interface RFDS BR BR BR BR BR RF T. N. French circuit breakers connectors iMU BR BR BR BR BR T. N.
Mobile Station Mobile Station The Mobile Station (MS) is the end-user interface to the network. A Mobile Station is a phone, pager, modem, mobile transceiver, end-user base transceiver, or similar device that is registered in, and compatible with, the iDEN system.
Enhanced Base Transceiver System Enhanced Base Transceiver System Physical Components In the iDEN system, the base station radios and associated control equipment are contained in the Enhanced Base Transceiver System (EBTS) or, more commonly, cell sites. The EBTS provides the Radio Frequency link between the land network and the MSs. The Base Radios (BRs) perform the communications with the MSs, sending both the control information and the compressed speech over a radio channel.
Enhanced Base Transceiver System Access Control Gateway The Access Control Gateway (ACG) is the site controller and the communications gateway between an EBTS site and the System's central network. The ACG exists in two versions. The legacy VME-bus version and the modular iDEN Site Controller (iSC) version. The iSC version of the ACG consists of two units the: • iDEN Site Controller (iSC) that integrates the access gateway, timing reference and facilities termination functions.
Enhanced Base Transceiver System LAN Interface Each EBTS component is monitored and communicates with each other directly or over a LAN. The LAN interface is the path for traffic flow. The LAN also supports the Alarm and Messaging monitoring functions (iMU or BMR/EAS). Operations and Maintenance uses the iMU and the LAN to access the cell site. The LAN is a thinwire, coaxial Ethernet (10base2) that runs Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) protocol.
Enhanced Base Transceiver System Site-to-Site Frame Synchronization Timing is a critical issue to assure the proper transfer of voice and data calls between cell sites. To assure proper processing, each site must have highly accurate time information to provide a timing offset to adjust for the signal propagation time across the network.
Digital Access Cross Connect Switch Digital Access Cross Connect Switch Physical Components The Digital Access Cross Connect Switch (DACS) is the attachment point of T1/E1 span lines (trunks) between the iDEN system equipment and the external transport facilities. The point-to-point connections are discussed in separate manuals and in Interfaces.
Digital Access Cross Connect Switch New or changed hardware may be installed and configured before being activated. The DACS can act as a switch to electronically route (re-route) signalling to place new or changed hardware in-service or remove old hardware from service. The cutover method can significantly reduce downtime. Procedures for this type of maintenance are usually site specific but may be available from Motorola in print and/or online at AccessSecure.com.
Metro Packet Switch Metro Packet Switch Physical Components The Metro Packet Switch (MPS) is a subsystem that connects the EBTS frame relay connections to the Dispatch Application Processor and the Packet Duplicators. It consists of the system cabinet and attachment point for frame relay span lines. Figure 2-4 Metro Packet Switch Functional Characteristics The MPS is a Frame Relay digital data packet switch.
Dispatch Application Processor Figure 2-5 Two-Tier MPS Implementation 6- DAP Cluster DAP DAP DAP DAP DAP DAP Tier -1 MPS (DAP to DAP, MPS to MPS) T. N. French MPS APD MPS Tier -2 MPS (Tier - 1 to EBTS) MPS APD Tier -2 MPS (Tier - 1 to EBTS) MPS MPS Dispatch Application Processor Physical Components The Dispatch Application Processor (DAP) is usually installed in a standard rack. DAPs are usually deployed in groups (clusters) of up to 6 DAPs. DAPs and DAPclusters vary with age and capacity.
Dispatch Application Processor Figure 2-6 Dispatch Application Processor (typical) Standard System Controller The Standard System Controller (SSC) cards provide the ServerNet communications routing for the: • I/O controllers • Internal control and maintenance system • Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) disk drives • Host bus adapters (HBAs) • Configuration and maintenance • I/O expansion functions for the system There are two SSCs in the unit for fault tolerant redundancy.
Dispatch Application Processor Input Output Controller The Input Output Controller (IOC) cards provide for the connection of external equipment. In most cases synchronous V.35 may be used to handle frame relay communications (dispatch call and packet data processing) with the MPS and Operations and Maintenance communications. Some installations may use another card to provide a single port to an Ethernet LAN transceiver for Operations and Maintenance.
Packet Duplicator Alarms and Performance The DAP collects and maintains performance metrics, usage and call record information. Alarms and status information is collected and reported every halfhour. Performance metrics and usage is also collected for optimization and billing. Dispatch Provisioning The DAP maintains databases that are used to control the activity of a mobile MS on the system.
Packet Duplicator Figure 2-7 Advanced Packet Duplicator (typical) Functional Characteristics The Packet Duplicators provide the functionality to allow broadcast, group and multicast operation with dispatch calls. Each packet duplicator has the processing power to make enough duplicate packets for each EBTS in the system. The packet duplicator is used to replicate voice and data packet for output to multiple MSs in Dispatch calling and Packet Data networking.
Mobile Data Gateway Mobile Data Gateway The Mobile Data Gateway (MDG) is the interface to the Internet and the World Wide Web for the iDEN system during Packet Data operation. Physical Components The MDG is a Enterprise level switching router. This device is rack mounted and has direct connections to the Internet. The number of ports available will vary according to the provisioning and growth planning of the individual iDEN system.
Base Site Controller Home Agent The MDG stores a provisioned MSs Internet Protocol (IP) address in a database. This IP address is used to identify, permission and route data packets from the internet to the MS during Packet Data operation. The Home Agent identifies an MDG as the point-of-presence on the Internet that accepts data packets addressed to IPs in the Home Agent database.
Base Site Controller Figure 2-9 .Typical Base Site Controller Functional Characteristics The BSC provides control and concentration functions for one or more EBTS sites and their associated mobile stations. The functions are segregated into separate circuits to improve the adaptability of the system to the local network requirements.
Base Site Controller The PCM voice packets for a call arrive at the XCDR on a single span (DS0). The XCDR converts the packets to radio link packets and applies them to the timeslot scheme used by the EBTSs. Because of the difference in the amount of data between PCM (64 kbs) and the radio link timeslot (VSELP in a 16 kbs timeslot). The timeslots can be shared. Four radio link packets can be applied to a single timeslot with routing and signalling overhead.
Base Site Controller BSC Implementation The BSC may be implemented in several ways depending on the network configuration, the mix of legacy systems with new devices, and the location of the hardware that converts the radio link to the network link.
Base Site Controller Mobile Switching Center The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is a GSM-based Mobile Telephone Switch which provides Interconnect services. The MSC provides the interface between the mobile network and other service provider’s PSTNs. Physical Components The MSC is a variation of the Nortel DMS switch family. The implementation of this equipment is a coordinated effort between the provider, Motorola and Nortel. The MSC is detailed in the manufacturer’s documentation.
Base Site Controller Facilities Interface Both iDEN system span line and the PSTN transport facilities (T1 and/or E1) are connected to the MSC through Digital Trunk Controllers (DTCs). The DTC is the interface between the MSC, the iDEN system, and the external world. T1 or E1 telephony connections may be hardwired to the DTC. The Signalling and data span lines of the T1/E1s are split off and connected to the switch matrix for telephony data and the LLP for signal processing.
Base Site Controller The MSC controls the Interconnect call setup and routing procedures like a land network end-office. On the land network side, the MSC performs call signaling functions. Other call control functions include: • Number translations and routing • Matrix path control • Allocation of outgoing trunks.
Base Site Controller • • • • Short Message Service Subscriber database local to the switch for fast access during call set-up Contains most of the HLR information about the active MS units Contains the most recent location information within the coverage area Adds/deletes MSs as units roam into or out of, the coverage areas The Short Message Service -Service Center (SMS-SC) will deliver short messages (up to 140 characters) to a full alpha-numeric display MS. The MS can store up to 16 messages.
Operations and Maintenance Center Figure 2-13 Interworking Function Non-Transparent Modems Services EBTS iDEN SYSTEM WITH IWF PSTN FAX MODEM TERMINAL Voice Mail System The MSC supports Voice mail capabilities. If an incoming call cannot be completed the Voice Mail may be provisioned to allow the caller to leave a brief voice announcement for the called party. Voice Mail allows otherwise interminable calls to be routed to a Voice Mail system. Voice Mail is a system option.
Operations and Maintenance Center OMC 3000 The OMC 3000 is based on the Sun Microsystems E30001 processor. This processor has been superseded and support is being phased out. The OMC 3000 can support either 300 or 500 EBTSs. This processor may be upgraded to run Software Release 8.0. The OMC 3000 may be networked with other OMCs with SR 8.0. The OMC 300 may act as a primary OMC in a networked environment with some limitations on performance and long-term support.
Operations and Maintenance Center Multiband OMC-R With Software Release 8.0, an single OMC can mange and control EBTSs in more than one frequency range. If muli-national, a single OMC may be connected to EBTSs that use frequencies in different RF spectrum ranges. Limitations are: • All EBTS sites must use the same spectrum at one site • All neighbor list candidates of a site also may the same spectrum.
Operations and Maintenance Center Figure 2-15 .Operation and Maintenance Console - Radio Interconnections X-Term (MMI) T. French Mobile Switching Center (MSC) EIA-232 X.25 X-Term (MMI) Operations and Maintenance Console (OMC) Ethernet X.25 (T-DAP) V.35 X.25 V.35 X.
Operations and Maintenance Center • Processing • Equipment and Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) level failure reporting • Environmental • Communication • Quality of service data • File available • Test results available • State change events Fault management enables the system operator to detect and respond to network element faults within the system. The OMC provides fault management by using Network Management agents that are resident on the various network elements to pass events to the OMC.
Administrative Data Center • Software Load Management • Database Management • State Management Software Load Management refers to the distribution and version control of all software objects placed into service in the network. The OMC keeps track of which radio network elements are running which versions of software. Configuration Management provides the command structure to load new software into the various network elements. Software loads can be downloaded from the OMC.
Administrative Data Center Service Database Provisioning The ADC may also have the facilities to populate and maintain the iDEN system databases. The databases to be maintained include: • HLR - for interconnect calling identification and services • D-HLR - for dispatch calling identification and services • iHLR - for Packet Data networking identification and services The Interconnect database, the HLR, may be a centralized system or a provided service from a third party.
Chapter 3 Operating Characteristics This section describes how the individual iDEN® system Network Elements are physically and logically linked together and how the elements interact to perform Dispatch, Interconnect, Circuit Switched and/or Packet Data operations. Physical Interface The iDEN system uses several interface types. The transport facilities between the DACS may include microwave, fiber, and/or copper. The iDEN system uses: • • • • • • Air Interface Coaxial V.
Interface Protocols Interface Protocols The iDEN system supports and uses several protocols and interface standards. These include: • • • • • • • • • Radio Link Protocol Motorola Implementation A-Bis interface Signalling System Seven X.25 Ethernet Simple Network Management Protocol VSLEP Frame Relay Pulse Code Modulation Radio Link Protocol Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is the method of transferring compressed character data between the MS and the MSC-IWF during Circuit Switch data networking.
Interface Protocols X.25 The X.25 protocol is used primarily in the Operation and Maintenance functions of the network. The X.25 link is used by the Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) and its functions between network devices linked to the OMC. The OMC uses X.25 - Link Access Protocol -B-Channel (LAP-B) and Link Access Protocol - Data (LAPD). The LAP-D protocol is used in signalling as the Message Transport Protocol (MTP) between the EBTS and the BSC.
Interface Protocols Radio Link Frequency Bands The iDEN system supports Radio Frequency (RF) communications in International and United States domestic spectrum designations. These bands are regulated by Federal and international agencies. Since the service provider is the licensed pointof-presence on the RF spectrum, the user has the advantages of RF communication without the need for FCC licensing. Not all frequency ranges for RF communications are supported.
Interface Protocols Radio Carrier Characteristics Motorola has long been noted for an ability to provide clear and distinct frequency channel definitions. This is accomplished with superior out-of-band rejection and a narrow in-band frequency sensitivity at a precise frequency center. The iDEN system provides high modulation efficiency, carrier sensitivity, optimal Carrier-toInterference Ratio trade-offs, with low adjacent carrier interference.
Interface Protocols Carrier Characteristics The iDEN system does not use the entire 25 Mhz range allocated for each carrier. The iDEN system sub-divides the carrier into four sidebands. This helps reduce interference to the data. Data is transmitted on each of the four sidebands. Using four sidebands allows more data to be transmitted because it increases the data rate. The iDEN RF signal consists of four independent side bands. The center frequencies of these side bands are 4.
Interface Protocols Digital Voice Processing The iDEN system converts analog voice into digital data for transmission across the radio link of the network. The iDEN system a standard to convert and compress the analog voice into digital data that can be applied to the carrier using M16-QAM. Voice sounds are converted to digital data by sampling the analog waveform and reducing it to a set of numbers.
Interface Protocols Figure 3-5 TDMA Radio Link timeslots. Analog = 1 conversation per radio 64 kilo-bit-per-second 1 2 3 4 Signaling or conversation 1 Signaling or conversation 2 time time Signaling or conversation 3 Signaling or conversation 4 5 Signaling or conversation 5 6 Signaling or conversation 6 Digital = 3 to 6 conversations per radio 4.5KHz 4.5KHz 4.5KHz (4x4.5Mhz) + 0.
Interface Protocols Timeslot Allocation A typical iDEN option increases radio link timeslots allocated to a single voice conversation for interconnect calls from 1 to 2 per frame. By doubling the timeslots available, the voice sampling rate can be increased. An increase the voice sample rate results in improved audio quality. The voice bits are transmitted using two timeslots of the 6 timeslot frame. This allows the use of the 8.
Interface Protocols Time Division Duplex (TDD) further reduces network’s packet overhead and eliminates the need for RF duplexer on the MS. To reduce errors in propagation delay and allow the mobile to re-tune, the radio link’s mobile receive packet is offset ahead of the mobile transmit packet (Figure 3-7).
Interface Protocols Cell Sites In normal operating conditions, output power of a Base Radio (BR) at a cell site will be limited to the cell’s coverage area. The signalling and timing of the system restricts the maximum cell size to approximately 70 miles. The size of a cell coverage area is typically between one and 10 miles. By limiting the range of a radio with its output power, the base radio’s frequency may be used in other parts of the network at the distance defined by the re-use pattern.
Interface Protocols Frequency Re-use The system designer selects the reuse pattern during the design process to address traffic, coverage and frequency requirements. The iDEN system supports 12-cell/omni re-use pattern or a 7-cell, 3-sector frequency re-use pattern. System design goals may be specified as a ratio of carrier energy to interference and noise energy.
Interface Protocols Figure 3-11 7 Cell 3-Sector Frequency Re-Use Pattern R= radius of contour 3b 3a 1a 1b 6a 4a 2a 6b 4b 2b 7a 5a N = Number of cells in reuse pattern (7) 7b 5b 3c 1c 6c D = distance 4c 2c 7c 5c D = 3× N R Frequencies used in sector in cells (pattern-a) can be used in patterns- b&c if formula is met.
Interface Protocols Signaling Scheme Different protocols are used to complete a call. The process to complete an Interconnect call is more complex than a Dispatch call. The protocols used to complete an Interconnect call are the same as those used for Circuit Switched data networking. Dispatch and Packet Data processing use different paths and protocols. Figure 3-12 shows the various signaling schemes and protocols encountered when a user places a call or networks from the MS.
Interface Protocols Over-The-Air Programming The information needed to define an MSs operating parameters is sent to the MS by the system using the over-the-air, Radio Link Protocol (RLP). Other optional data (user convenience options) must be programmed by the user or service technician with the MS keypad or with a Radio Service Software (RSS) programmer. The method of programming will depend on the model of the MS.
Interface Protocols Initial Registration Before an MS can obtain service, it must be activated and registered in the system. Service activation requires that International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI), basic device parameters and the services definition be entered in the Home Location Register (HLR) on the home MSC and a home DAP. The data entry requirements are shown in Figure 3-13. and discussed in greater detail in Database Subsystems of this section.
Interface Protocols Ongoing Registration Whenever an MS contacts a system, it will transmit its unique number to the FNE. The ID is sent to the DAP and it searches the D-HLR for the number. If the number is located the services are confirmed (dispatch allowed/conditional allowed). If dispatch calling is allowed, the mobile is dispatch authenticated. If the mobile is OK the D-HLR assigns an internal tracking/billing number (IMSI) and sends it to the MS.
Interface Protocols Authentication Authentication is the process between the MS and the iDEN system that identifies the MS and permits access to the system and the provisioned services. MSs are authenticated using a signature number. During initial registration, the MS identifies itself with a IMEI and an authentication algorithm (Ki). The HLRs use the MSs signature algorithm to generate a set of 32 signature numbers from a set of 32 random numbers.
Interface Protocols Once the MS has received the system IDs, the IMEI is no longer used as an access ID, until a Master Reset (mobile memory wipe) is performed (Figure 3-16).
Interface Protocols DataBase Subsystems Administrative Data Center The Administrative Data Center (ADC) is customer supplied and may be used to enter user information into the DAP and MSC Home Location Registers (HLRs). Dispatch Application Processor Dispatch Call Processing uses data in the DAP to define and control access to the iDEN system and the system services.
Interface Protocols Mobile Switching Center Interconnect Call Processing uses data in the MSC to define and control access to the iDEN system and the system services. MSC - Home Location Register The MSC-Home Location Register (HLR) is where the MSs permanent subscriber Interconnect records are stored. The database may be internal to the MSC (iNode) or it may be a large, remote, shared, system or service.
Interface Protocols Over the Air Parameters MS Specific Parameters The Radio Link contains mobile specific information this link operates according to the RLP and Mobis protocols.
Interface Protocols Talk Group ID A Talk Group ID (Group ID) is a provider defined number that defines a functional subset of a fleet. The type and number of groups in a fleet will vary with the organization and requirements of each fleet. Each group has a dispatcher (user 0) that is assigned as a logical control point for all dispatch communication. Fleet Member ID A Fleet Member ID (Member ID) is a number assigned by the provider to uniquely designate an MS.
Interface Protocols Network Paths There are four logical subscriber paths. • Dispatch calls • Data Packet within and across networks • Interconnect calls with other provider networks • Circuit Switched Data using the IWF in the MSC Figure 3-17 presents a simplified view of the network paths and protocols.
Interface Protocols The diagram also illustrates the various protocols used throughout the network. As shown in the diagram, the control and processing of different services is segregated into different network entities. Services are implemented by single operational units or in conjunction with other network elements (DAP and MSC).
Interface Protocols Dispatch Application Processor The DAPs are the dispatch call managers/router(s) in the network. Because of the switch functions of the DAP, it has several interface types (Figure 3-19). The DAPs connection to: • EBTS-iSC using Frame Relay - LAP-D on V.35. This is an indirect link through the MPS. The speed is at least 256 kbps from the DAP to the MPS, and is set by the MPS. The Tandem DAP uses High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) to interface to the APDs • OMC using X.25 - LAP-B / V.35.
Interface Protocols Mobile Data Gateway The MDG is an enterprise switching router. Ports are provided allow for T1 attachments to the MPS/DAP and for the attachment of transport facilities of other carriers to the Internet (Figure 3-20). Figure 3-20 MDG Pathways Internet IP T1 IP Frame Relay ATM. Frame Relay FDDI, µwave fiber... T1 circuit breakers DAC To Transport facilities MDG MPS (Internet Route & Switch) (packet routing ) DAP T. N.
Interface Protocols Mobile Switching Center The MSC is a dynamic and flexible device within the network. It will vary greatly between provider requirements and market-based installations. A typical MSC will have several traffic and data pathways: • SS7 to the global telephone environment, attached hardware and the BSC • PCM traffic pathways between the MSC and attached hardware and the BSC • EIA-232, X.
Chapter 4 Dispatch Call Processing Dispatch calls are voice communications that use the half-duplex Push-To-Talk (PTT) form of communication. This type of call does not use other provider networks except as transport facilities. These calls may cross service areas if the DAPs of both service areas are networked together and have shared processing (provisioning and roaming agreements). Some iDEN systems are implemented as dispatch-only.
General Dispatch Calling Region A Dispatch region is a large geographic area that is usually associated with more than one market or, more than one urban area. Just as urban areas tend to be adjacent and overlap, so do service provider coverage areas. A Dispatch region is serviced by a single provider. If a service provider has adjacent or overlapping markets they may be linked to provide contiguous service across urban areas.
Functions Dispatch Location Area A Dispatch Location Area (DLA) is logical area that consists of one or more EBTS sites. Each mobile on the iDEN system has a location area identifier (LAI). The DLA on a single DAP The interconnect and dispatch location areas may be different. A Dispatch Location Area is generally more specific (services fewer cells) than an Interconnect Location Area. Cell A site has a RF propagation pattern that will define the effective size of a cell.
Functions • Establish Radio Link • Route digital voice packets • Duplicate packets for group calls Establish Radio Link The radio link is the on-air connection. The radio link is a coordinated effort between the MS, the EBTS, MPS and the DAP. The EBTS/DAC/MPS complex routes the call setup information to the DAP. The DAP queries the D-HLR and DVLR to determine service access, authentication, and service availability. The EBTS establishes and maintains the radio link on the RF control channels.
Functions System Identifiers The iDEN system allows several dispatch call types. To uniquely identify an MS on the iDEN system several logical IDs are used. This information is maintained in the dispatch provisioning databases on the DAP. In dispatch calling the identification, call processing, tracking, and selection of services requires logical tags to identify iDEN system users. Urban Identifier Software Release 8.0 introduces the concept of urban areas. Motorola assigns Urban IDs to a urban area.
Dispatch Call Procedure Fleet Member Identifier Each end-user (MS) capable of dispatch calling has a unique Fleet Member ID. This ID is specific to the fleet and may be re-used in different fleets. Dispatch services, limitations and provisioning, are specified by Fleet ID, Group ID and Fleet Member ID. The Fleet member ID is logically the same as the suffix used for in land line communications.
Capacity Enhancements Capacity Enhancements One of the limiting factors to the capacity in a large sector/cell is control channel traffic and the ability of the Primary Control Channel (PCCH) to handle system messages. When the capacity of a site is increased, the number of messages per control channel may become high enough to require additional control channels.
Dispatch Call Types During the conversation, a hang time is provided so that the two parties may exchange transmissions. After each transmission, the Fixed Network Equipment (FNE) maintains the call for the hang time to allow either user time to respond. If at any time during the process, the called or caller MS does not respond in a programmable timeframe, the FNE disconnects all the channels and tears down the call. The call hang timer is reset by each new transmission.
Dispatch Call Types Dispatch Group Calls Dispatch Group Calls allow MSs which are members of predefined groups to communicate in half-duplex (one person talking at a time and the others listening) among themselves. Only members of the group can participate in the conversation and any authorized group member can either set-up or participate in the call. The call can be set up without all group members being available and can involve members being served at different sites.
Dispatch Call Types Local Service Area A Local Area Group call is a voice multicast to members of the fleet’s group in the Dispatch Group callers service area, the group dispatcher, and members of the group in the Call dispatcher’s service area (Figure 4-7). Once a group is selected and a Group Call is initiated, all members of the group will be activated on the group call (Table 4-2). Figure 4-7 Local Area Group Calling Group A Group A Group B Cell Group A Group B Location Area T. N.
Dispatch Call Types Selected Service Area Dispatch Group Call A Selected Area Group call is a voice multicast to all members of the fleet’s group in the caller’s service area and a selected service area (Figure 4-8).
Dispatch Call Types Wide Area Dispatch Group Call Wide Area Dispatch Group Calls are a broadcast to every MS member in the callers selected (active) group. Once a group is selected and a Wide Area Group Call is initiated, all members of the group within the service area defined by the fleet’s provisioning will be hailed and activated on the group call (Table 4-6).
Dispatch Call Types An example of a Call Alert Call Scenarios are shown in Table 4-8.
Dispatch Call Types MS Status MS Status is another Advanced Feature option. MS Status enables one MS to send a Status Code (an 8\+bit number) to another MS in the same fleet. The meaning of the Status Code is user defined. Some MSs can translate the status code into a character string on the MS display. The Status Code is transparent to the iDEN system. It is not examined, defined or recorded by the iDEN system. The MS Status is similar to Call Alert and is controlled by the MSs user interface.
Dispatch Call Types Limitations The iDEN system has physical and programmable limitations to service and coverage. The obvious limitations are hardware related. Capacity and traffic planning is required to assure the system can support the call volume generated by the users. (refer to Appendix limits) Region Urban IDs allow an MS from one region to be uniquely identified in another region without conflict.
Dispatch Call Types Provisioning Provisioning is the logical connection between a fleet member MS and the functions and services available on the iDEN system. Each MS is provisioned for unique IDs, areas of service, types of services and fleets, groups. This information not only controls service, it is often directly related to billing and revenues for the system. Provisioning is a data entry function that is usually associated with the service provider’s Administrative Data Center (ADC).
Chapter 5 Interconnect Call Processing Interconnect calls are voice communications that utilized other provider networks. The other networks may be either land-based or wireless. To use interconnect calling, the iDEN system must be configured for interface to the telephony network.
Functions General Interconnect calling allows an MS to travel freely throughout an iDEN system and teamed roaming partners. Within this extended network, a user can originate or receive interconnect calls. The systems track the MS's location and services as well as route the calls. With networked regions the MS can roam into those interconnected regions originating and receiving calls as if the MS is in its home system. Figure 5-1 shows the major elements involved in Interconnect calling.
Functions VSELP -- PCM Conversion The VSLEP compression at the MS is converted to standardized PCM for use on other networks by the BSC/XCDR The BSC is also the bridge between the Mobis protocol link and the PCM SS7 link. Other Network Routing Once the radio link is established, the transmitted connect request (NADP, MSISDN or GSM phone number) is processed by the MSC databases for other provider network routing.
Functions 6:1 Interleaved The primary method of transmitting digital voice packet is to apply one voice packet slot to a single TDMA frame (1 voice slot per 6 frame packets). The 6:1 interleaving method is the lower-cost, greater-throughput method. Disadvantages are changes to the coverage and optimization to assure audio quality. Refer to the iDEN RF Planning Guide for more information. 3:1 Interleaved The 3:1 interleaving method uses two slots on a single TDMA frame.
Functions Interconnect Call Procedure The basic steps involved in a telephone interconnect can be summarized in Table 5-1 an the step diagram of Figure 5-2 Table 5-1 Call Procedures Make a Call (origination) a) Send Random Access Protocol (RAP) on PCCH b) Mobile gets a dedicated control channel assigned c) Authentication (optional) d) Call setup transaction e) Get assigned to a traffic channel f) Call termination request on associated control channel g) Channel released Get a Call (receive) a) Locate MS
Functions Figure 5-2 Mobile Originated Interconnect Call Setup Step Diagram EBTS MS 1) CHANNEL REQUEST 2) CHANNEL ASSIGNED BSC MSC 3) CALL SERVICE REQUEST 4) CALL SERVICE REQUEST VLR 5) SET MOBILE BUSY 6) ACCESS REQUEST HLR 7) AUTHENTICATION PARAMETERS REQUEST 8) AUTHENTICATION PARAMETERS RESPONSE 9) AUTHENTICATION REQUEST 10) AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE 11) CIPHER MODE COMMAND 12) CIPHER MODE COMPLETE 13) CALL SETUP INFO PSTN 14) CALL PROCEEDING 15) SEND OUTGOING CALL INFO 16) CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT 17) AS
Functions Interconnect Call Types Mobile Stations on the iDEN system can complete Interconnect Call with other providers networks in three basic ways: • Mobile to other network (PSTN) • Other Network (PSTN) to Mobile • Mobile to Mobile Mobile to Other Network On MS power-up, number entry, and call initiation, the MS sends a service request to the EBTS. The EBTS/BSC/HLR identifies an Interconnect call and routes the request to the MSC through the BSC.
Functions Mobile To Mobile If an MS calls another mobile using the MSISDN, an Interconnect call is used (Mobile to other network process). Mobile to mobile calls are set up in the same manner as a mobile to land calls.The MSC call routing and translation tables recognize that the call can be completed within the iDEN system and a BSC to BSC connection via the MSC switching matrix is established.
Chapter 6 Packet Data Networking Packet Data Networking is non-voice communications interfaces directly with Intranet, Virtual Private Network (VPN), Extranet and Internet. Packet Data Networking allows the service provider to become a point-of-presence for mobile users on the Internet. This chapter will describe the fundamentals of Packet Data.
General Administration The equipment used to control and monitoring and administer the system are primarily internal to the iDEN system. The Packet Data process follows the same procedures as Dispatch Call Processing. The exception to this procedure is the billing information collection and external routing of the MDG or any servers that may be part of the service provider hosting network.
Mobile Computing Mobile Computing An MS may be a phone-type device, an emerging PDA, or Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) that is directly compatible with the iDEN system. Any MS, PDA or RF computing device that provides digital data networking (web browsing) and, that is compatible with iDEN equipment may be used to create truly mobile computing. When a mobile is engaged in Packet Data it exists as a mobile node on the Internet.
Mobile Computing The iDEN system’s interface to the Internet is the MDG. The MDG is an enterprise level switching router that allows for truly mobile device addressing. The MDG acts as a conduit between the MS and the Internet. Messages across the Internet are addressed to the MDG. The MDG re-addresses the data to the specific MS.
Mobile Computing Packet Data Flow The Packet Data network link is dynamic. The actual data rate and flow will depend on the traffic on the system. As the traffic on the system and the integrity of the radio link changes the radio link can adapt to the optimum date flow rate. To optimize performance and resources the iDEN system uses three principles to control the On-Air interface.
Call Processing Queued Continuous Reservation ALOHA Queued Continuous Reservation ALOHA (QCRA) is a standard protocol used to optimize the buffering and transmission of data across the radio link. If more than one MS on a cell is using Packet Data, the data from each MS is received and radio link timeslots are allocated according to the QCRA protocol. This queuing establishes a method of allocating packet channel resources in response to user and system load.
Chapter 7 Circuit Switched Data Networking Circuit Data Networking is non-voice communications that utilize other provider networks. The other networks may be either land-based (PSTN) or wireless (PLMN). This world-wide interconnected data network provides Fax, modem, Intranet, Virtual Private Network, Extranet and Internet access. To use Circuit Data Networking, the iDEN system must be configured for interface to the worldwide network.
Mobile Computing The control and monitoring steps needed to complete this task are primarily internal to the iDEN system. This process follows the same procedures as an Interconnect call (Refer to Interconnect Call Processing). Specifications During Circuit Switch (dial-up) data networking, the iDEN system uses: • • • • • • • • Radio Link Protocol (RLP) Full-Duplex Single rate: 4,800 bits-per-second (4.
Mobile Computing Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency Overdial Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) overdial may be used in scripting and remote login procedures. Once the circuit switch network is established DTMF overdial tones may be used to control functions on the host system. The type and number of digits that can be sent is determined by the dialing plan of the implementation of the MSC (International or NADP).
Mobile Computing NOTES Circuit Switched Data Networking 7-4 68P81095E55-E August 08, 2000
Appendix A Network Planning Nominal limitations for iDEN systems are based on the available hardware and the localized traffic. Motorola iDEN provides documentation and tools to assist in the planning of a network. The logical planning of network traffic is discussed in greater detail in iDEN S.E.T.S Group Formulas for Traffic Analysis, MSO Timing System (sysiu020 r12) and the MSC Subsystem General Planning and Expansion manual.
Timing Pleisiochronous Timing To reduce the cost and complexity network timing the iDEN system uses locally recovered timing. Locally recovered timing uses clock signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS receivers (Stratum 1 clocks) at major network elements receive a highly accurate clock pulse from the GPS system. This single source (plesiochronous) timing is used for bit-rate and frame synchronization throughout the network.
Dispatch Call Model Dispatch Call Model Dispatch calls are half-duplex and tend to be brief. Some sample information used to determine a dispatch call capacity on a iDEN system is summarized in Table A-1 . Note Call Models vary. Call Models depend on markets and marketing strategies. The information provided is for example only.
Network Planning Capacity Tables These tables are provided as a guideline for network element capacities. Hardware and software revisions may alter these capacities. Current published capacities are available from system engineering. Note Always review the latest capcities and engineering tools available on the iDEN Core Engineering website. Table A-3 Mobile Switching Center Limitation Guidelines Subsystem Users MSC (U10) (XA Core) SR 7.0 220K MSC (10) SR 7.
Subsystem Users BSC-CP BSC-ECP N/A N/A Sites 33 80 Limiters BRs Comment N/A 792 (Typically < 400) Max Erlangs - 1200 (Typically < 400) Max. No.
Network Planning Table A-8 Packet Duplicator Limitation Guidelines Subsystem APD Users Sites N/A Limiters 1000 (250/port) BRs 2000 simultaneous calls Comment 500 call/port *Erlangs/subscriber (user) can not exceed Calls/Port limitation Table A-9 Metro Packet Switch Limitation Guidelines Subsystem MPS (lgx 32) Users Sites 45 75 Limiters BRs N/A 6 /EBTS site MPS (bpx) N/A 200/SM PD Port capacity Comment 75 sites @ 4DS0s/site (up to 6BRs) Icons=1000 Max.
Appendix B Radio Frequency Channel Types This chapter describes the communications model the iDEN® system uses on the Radio Frequency portion of the system. The individual carrier uses several logical channels in relation to established international standards. The constituent parts of the model are also discussed in general terms. Radio Link Communications Model Various RF channel interface types are required to connect the Fixed Network Equipment o the MSs.
Radio Link Communications Model The RF signal consists of four independent side bands. The center frequencies of these side bands are 4.5 KHz apart from each other (Figure B-2), and they are spaced symmetrically about a suppressed RF carrier frequency. Figure B-2 Logical RF Channel Sidebands Frequency Center 16 kilo-bit-per-second 16 kilo-bit-per-second 16 kilo-bit-per-second + 16 kilo-bit-per-second 4.5KHz 3.2Mhz 4.5KHz T. N. French 64 kilo-bit-per-second - Total 4.5KHz (4x4.5Mhz) + 0.
Radio Link Communications Model Data Link Layer The data link layer is used to create and recognize frame boundaries. The sender breaks the input data up into data frames, transmit the frames sequentially, and process the acknowledgment frames sent back by the receiver. This layer incorporates a subset of the Motorola Implementation of A-bis (Mobis). Mobis provides the control and interactive capabilities to support the GSM A-bis radio link standards.
Radio Link Communications Model Table B-2 Medial Access Control Contents Media Access Control Description Secondary Control Channel (SCCH) The SCCH is an extended control path. This path is similar to the PCCH except it does not contain a BCCH. There may be up to 4 SCCHs per cell. Primary Control Channel (PCCH) The logical grouping of radio link channels used to control and monitor the integrity of the radio link. There is one PCCH per cell.
Radio Link Communications Model Network Layer The network layer is controls how packets are routed from source to destination. Routing functions are controlled by the DAC, BSC and the DAP within the network and are not part of the Radio Link. The L3 Control portion of the link is a subset of the GSM A-bis complaint Mobis protocol. These aspects are responsible for tasks like Call Control and Mobility Management. Call Control Functions are controlled by the interaction of the MS and the EBTS.
Radio Link Communications Model Control Channels Primary Control Channel The Primary Control Channel (PCCH) is used to transfer most important call control and mobility management information between the MS and the EBTS. Each provider specifies a set of leased frequencies as primary control channels. These channels are assigned to radio-one, frequency-one of each sector.
Traffic Channels Temporary Control Channel The Temporary Control Channel is used in mobility management and the interconnect handover process. This channel is used as required to transfer information concerning dynamic frequency allocation and EBTS service parameters. This information is summarized in Table B-5.
Unassigned Channel Associated Control Channel The Associated Control Channel is for Interconnect Calls only and is sub-set of the Traffic Channel and is used to pass radio link status, handover, and control information. Short Message Service Data is also sent on the ACH when an MS is busy (DCCH when idle). Since the TCH does not require the full data stream of the TDMA timeslots, a small portion of the timeslot may contain bits of data that are used to manage the communications during a call (Figure B-4).
Appendix C Services and Features Calling Features Operational Controls Item Description North American Dial Plan The North American Dialing Plan is a 10-digit number format that consists of three elements, The NPA element (Area Code), the NXX element (prefix) and the XXXX element. It is often written as NPA-NXX+XXXX. • The NPA, defines a geographic area within a operating company’s service area. • The NXX defines a CO or MSO. • The last four digits (XXXX) defines a specific user.
Calling Features Item Description MF Support for PSTN Provides MF trunk interworking with PSTNs for MS originated and MS terminated calls. SS7 Signalling The iDEN system supports Standard ANSI SS7 ISUP signaling, as described in the TR-NWT-000317 specification. ANSI SS7 ISUP signalling to the PSTN can only be provided if the PSTN switch can support SS7. Separate integration of SS7 connectivity to PSTN may be required.
Calling Features System Services Item Description Short Message Service (SMS) SMS delivers short messages of up to 140 characters to an MS. This requires the Short Message Service Center (SMS-SC) and software to the MSC to interface and interwork with the SMS-SC. The SMS stores and forwards messages to MSs. If the messages cannot be delivered, the SMS-SC stores them for future delivery. Voice Mail Interface Voice Mail allows otherwise interminable calls to be routed to a Voice Mail system.
Calling Features User Control Services Item Description Class-of-Service The MSC/HLR allows users to be grouped based on the Class-of-Service (COS) groups. Network Class-ofService (NCOS) allows additional differentiation within each customer group. There are a maximum of 256 NCOS per subscriber group that can define the originating and terminating restrictions on a MS.
Calling Features User Services Item Description Account Codes An Account Codes is dialed after a phone number by the end user. The code associates that particular call with an activity or account. For example, a user could dial a number followed by a 1111 to code a business call. Account Codes create a new field in the Call Detail Record and must be coordinated with any downstream billing processor. This allows the subscribers to use the phones for business and personal reasons.
Calling Features Switch-based Data Collection Item Description Traffic Data (Operational Measurements) The MSC provides the ability to collect and maintain metrics on the traffic on the system. These metrics are defined in the appropriate software release documentation. The appropriate documentation is provided by the MSC manufacturer. GSM Call Detail Records (GCDR) The MSC collects a full set of call record information.
Calling Features Network Administrative Features Item Description Near Real Time Billing Near Real Time data transfer allows billing records to be sent to the billing center as soon as the records are format and written to disk. Take care when setting the download interval. If the interval is too short the MSC call processing is adversely impacted. This allows quicker billing generation than batch processing of tapes. Optional Billing Server Platform equipment and software is required.
NOTES NOTES Services and Features C-8 68P81095E55-E August 08, 2000
Appendix D Handover With a mobile system the ability to locate track and re-route voice and data packets between host cell sites is essential. This section describes the geographic terms and the logistics when an MS unit moves from one area to another. Specifics of the nature of the radio link are discussed in greater detail in iDEN® RF Planning Guide.
Mobility Management Mobility Management Procedures To control and manage the movement and communication there are five basic principles. The principles are: • • • • • MS Tracking MS Tracking MS Trolling MS Authentication Location Request Control Home Neighbor Network Search To contact a mobile (MS) the system must know the general location of the mobile. MS tracking relates to the location and following of a mobile (MS) within the system.
Location Handover Location Request Control The Location Request Control procedure is used to avoid the unnecessary use of channel resources and unnecessary control messages. reporting location changes is primarily the responsibility of the MS. While in range and active, the MS will update the location area in the FNE VLRs.
Location Handover Hosting Cell During the request for service, the radio link is analyzed using the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) and a Signal Quality Estimate (SQE) The SQE is a ratio of the energy of the carrier to the energy level of both the interference and the noise. SQE = C ÷ ( I + N ) These factors are used define the EBTS with the best radio link is designated as the host and is used to handle all control and traffic.data between FNE and the MS.
Location Handover Reliability The reliability of the radio link in the iDEN system considers three broad categories. • Contour • Area • System Contour Reliability Contour reliability relates to the ability to maintain and control the radio link within the propagation pattern of a cell. Anywhere in the pattern if 100 calls are made with 10 failures the contour has a 90% reliability. Within limits, the radio link quality is to be better closer to the cell site.
Location Handover Fading Fading is the reduction of radio link quality based on distance for the source (antenna). This may involve multiple sources, bounced signals, and normal dissipation over distance. The types are: • Small Scale • Medium Scale • Large Scale Small Scale Small Scale fading and interference relates to the distribution of the radio link by other signals carrying similar information.
Neighbor Cell List Neighbor Cell List The Neighbor Cell List is specific to each cell (sector or omni). The neighbor list is a set of logical numbers assigned to other cells that indicate potential handover candidates. The list identifies cells that are adjacent or close enough to take over control of the voice and data communication between the MS and the EBTS as the mobile moves around the network (Figure D-3).
Handover Measurements Measurement inquiries may be either mobile or FNE initiated. When the Bit-ErrorRate approaches or exceeds preset limits, the radio link is re-evaluated to assure optimum performance. These inquiries are very fast and are transparent to the user.
Handover Operation Handover Operation Dispatch Calls During dispatch calling, the reconnect and hosting cell procedures are used to determine the EBTS the should host (serve) the call. The Host (serving) cell selection process is used to re-select and re-connect between serving cell. The short authentication setup time allows the FNE to redirect calls between cells dynamically. The FNE involved in dispatch is the MPS and the DAP.
Handover Operation Handover System Defaults Handover is a coordinated effort between the FNE and the mobile. System and mobile software continuously monitors Cell-information on Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH). This process is driven by over-the-air (radio link) parameters. The MS continuously measures parameters during call.
Coverage Note An important limitation of this approach is the size of the high site cells. A high site cell must list all low site cells in its neighbor cell list. If the high site cell's coverage area includes many low site cells, the neighbor cell list might become too lengthy. A long neighbor cell list will increase the time required to read the BCCH information and increase the chance of a dropped or lost call.
Dropped Calls NOTES Handover D-12 68P81095E55-E August 08, 2000
INDEX B Numerics BA 10base2 EBTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 10baseT OSI Layer 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 911 Dispatch Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Interconnect call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 A Access Control Gateway, See ACG ACG Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Software Release 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 ADC BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Billing and Administration . . .
Index BSC-CP Control Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18 Data Collection Description . . . . . . . . 2-18 Physical Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 Building Integrated Timing System, See BITS C Call Alert Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Call Model Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Call Restrictions Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Call Route Dispatch . . . . . .
Index Group Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Handover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4, D-9 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 Local Area Group Call Description . . 4-10 Location Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Location Area Limitations. . . . . . . . . 4-15 Logical View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 Member ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 MS group limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 MS Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index DS4 As a Transport Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 DTMF Circuit Switched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 Interconnect Functionality . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency, See DTMF D-VLR Fleet ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Member ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urban ID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index Frequency Re-use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3-sector cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Omni cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 G Gateway Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Global Logical View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Organizational View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 GPS EBTS Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Software Release 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Group Dispatch Limitations . . . . . .
Index Typical Signaling Path . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 VLR Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 Voice Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 LAP-B BSC Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Interconnections OMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 LAP-D Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Interface Conversion EBTS Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Group limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Home Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Initial Service Registration . . . . . . . . 3-16 Interconnect Identifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Logical View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 Member ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Ongoing Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Over the Air Parameters . .
Index EBTS Functions Description . . . . . . . . 2-6 EBTS Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Functional Characteristics . . . . . . . . . 2-27 Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 LAP-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Multiband Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 Network Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 Networking Description . . . . . . . . . . 2-25 Packet Duplicator Functions . . . . . . . 2-14 Performance Management . . . . . . . . .
Index Dedicated Control Channel . . . . . . . . . B-7 EIA-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Modulation Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 Physical Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Primary Control Channel . . . . . . . . . . . B-6 RF Channel Sidebands . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 Secondary Control Channel . . . . . . . . . B-6 T1/E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Temporary Control Channel . . . . . . . . . B-7 Traffic Channel . . . . . . . .
Index Software Release 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Temporary Control Channel . . . . . . . . B-7 Traffic Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 Unassigned Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8 VSELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 VSELP Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 RF 3-Sector Frequency Re-Use Pattern . . 3-13 Adaptive Rate Modulation . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index Signaling BSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 DAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 HLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 MSC Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21 MTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Multi-frequency Inband . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Paths and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Radio Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index Time-Of-Day Processing Software Release 8.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 Timing Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Single Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Software Release 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 Visiting Location Register, See VLR VLR General Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 MSC Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 Voice Conversion VSELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 TMSI Authentication . . . . . . . . . . .
