Stereo System User Manual

C-4 DSP96002 USER’S MANUAL MOTOROLA
x
max,n
= (2 - 0.5
p- 1
) 2
e
max
- bias
= (2 - 0.25
p-1
) 2
E
max
For SP this equals approximately (using the values in Table C-1) 3.4 • 10
38
.
2. Denormalized Numerical Values ( e = e
min
-1, f ≠ 0 ): When the exponent e equals the value e
min
-
1 and the fraction field is non-zero the floating point number is called denormalized, and the
implicit integer bit b0 is equal to zero. The numerical value of a denormalized number y is given
by:
y = (-1)
s
• 0.f • 2
e
min
-bias
= (-1)
s
• 0.f • 2
E
min
The denormalization of the fractional part allows the representation of very small numbers near
the underflow threshold. The smallest possible magnitude of any denormalized number (f=f
min
)
which can be represented equals:
y
min
= (0.5)
p-1
• 2
e
min
- bias
For SP denormalized numbers, this results in a smallest magnitude of approximately 1.4 •
10
-45
.
3. Zeros (e = e
min
-1,f=0): Floating point value(s) of zero are encoded by a biased exponent e
equal to e
min
-1, and a fractional field f of all zeros. Note that this encoding retains a significant
sign bit: plus and minus zero are two separate entities. Figure C-2 shows the encoding of plus
and minus zero in floating point format.
4. Infinities (e = e
max
+ 1, f = 0) Infinities are encoded in the floating point format by a biased ex-
ponent equal to e
max
+1, and a fractional field f consisting of all zeros. The sign bit distinguishes
between + and -∞. Figure C-3 shows the encodings for + and -∞ in SP and DP.
5. NaNs (e = e
max
+1, f≠0): NaNs are encoded in the floating point format by a biased exponent
equal to e
max
+1, and a nonzero fractional field. The value of the sign bit is irrelevant in this en-
coding.
QNaNs (b
1
=1) Quiet NaNs are represented by a fraction with MSB = 1 (and e=e
max
+1). The
DSP96002 only fully supports one QNaN, the "legal" QNaN as required by the standard. This
QNaN is encoded by a fractional field of all ones ( all b
i
= 1 in f). Other types of QNaNs
(DSP96002 "illegal" NaNs) may occur in multiprocessing situations (as generated by other pro-
cessors) however, and do deliver well-defined results in the DSP96002. When QNaNs other
than the "legal" QNaN occur as operand(s) to floating point arithmetic, the delivered result is
always a "legal" QNaN. Figure C-4 shows the encoding for QNaNs.
SNaNs (b
1
=0) Signaling NaNs are never generated by the DSP96002 as arithmetic results, but
may appear in the DSP96002 memory as passed along by other processors. SNaNs are char-
acterized by a MSB of the fractional field equal to 0 (and e = e
max
+1). When a SNaN appears
as an operand of an arithmetic instruction, the invalid operation exception is signaled, and the
result is returned as a "legal" QNaN.
The two basic formats, discussed in the previous paragraphs, are the only formats which are used for rep-
resentation of floating point values in the DSP96002 memory (internal and/or external). The SEP format,