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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module

Moteiv Corporation Tmote Sky : Datasheet (2/6/2006) Page 1 of 28

Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant

wireless sensor module

Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB

Product Description

Tmote Sky is an ultra low power wireless

module for use in sensor networks,

monitoring applications, and rapid

application prototyping. Tmote Sky

leverages industry standards like USB and

IEEE 802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly

with other devices. By using industry

standards, integrating humidity,

temperature, and light sensors, and

providing flexible interconnection with

peripherals, Tmote Sky enables a wide

range of mesh network applications.

Tmote Sky is a drop-in replacement for Moteiv’s successful Telos design. Tmote Sky includes

increased performance, functionality, and expansion. With TinyOS support out-of-the-box,

Tmote leverages emerging wireless protocols and the open source software movement. Tmote

Sky is part of a line of modules featuring on-board sensors to increase robustness while

decreasing cost and package size.

Key Features

• 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver

• Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices

• 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)

• Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and DMA Controller

• Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors

• Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light sensors

• Ultra low current consumption

• Fast wakeup from sleep (<6μs)

• Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication

• Programming and data collection via USB

• 16-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector

• TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation

• Complies with FCC Part 15 and Industry Canada regulations

Summary of content (28 pages)

PAGE 1
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB Product Description Tmote Sky is an ultra low power wireless module for use in sensor networks, monitoring applications, and rapid application prototyping. Tmote Sky leverages industry standards like USB and IEEE 802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly with other devices.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Table of Contents Module Description .......................................................................................................................3 Power ....................................................................................................................................4 Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................4 Mechanical Characteristics ..........................
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Module Description The Tmote Sky module is a low power “mote” with integrated sensors, radio, antenna, microcontroller, and programming capabilities.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Power Tmote Sky is powered by two AA batteries. The module was designed to fit the two AA battery form factor. AA cells may be used in the operating range of 2.1 to 3.6V DC, however the voltage must be at least 2.7V when programming the microcontroller flash or external flash. If the Tmote Sky module is plugged into the USB port for programming or communication, it will receive power from the host computer. The mote operating voltage when attached to USB is 3V.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Mechanical Characteristics O n -b o a rd a n t e n n a ; d o n o t c o v e r w it h c o n d u c t in g m a t e ria ls 3 6 1.267 1 4 5 2 .513 2.580 3.163 .256 Tag 1 2 3 4 5 6 X 0.183 2.454 2.454 0.755 1.099 2.139 Y Size Notes 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole, do not use metal fixture 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole 1.151 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole 0.162 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 10-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector 0.163 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 6-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector 0.909 Ø 0.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Block Diagram PCB Antenna CC2420 Radio 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 compliant SMA Coax SPI 6 4 Power PAR Sensor ADC[4] TSR Sensor ADC[5] JTAG 8-pin 2mm IDC header JTAG SPI[0] I/O P1[0,3,4] P4[1,5,6] TI MSP430 Microcontroller UART[0] 2 I2C[0] 2 ADC[0-3,6-7] 6 GPIO 4 Reset 10-pin + 6-pin IDC header Humidity Temperature Sensor Silicon Serial ID 1-wire I/O User UART[1] Reset P1.1/P2.2 TCK I2C[0] 2 2 Power 7 SVSin 4 RX/TX RTS/DTR JTAG USB 2.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Schematic 5 4 3 1 2 R1 S E N S OR S RESET LED2 P5.5/SMCLK 49 P5.1/SIMO1 45 P5.0/STE1 44 6 P6.7/A7/DAC1/SVSIN Vref+ 8 XIN 9 XOUT/TCLK 10 43 P4.6/TB6 42 P4.5/TB5 41 P4.4/TB4 40 39 F L A SH _ H O L D R A D I O _ R E S ET R A D I O _ V R EF_ EN F L A SH _ C S Pr e v Fl a s h Pwr RADIO_CS R A DIO_SFD P4.0/TB0 36 P3.7/URXD1 35 UART1RX P3.6/UTXD1 34 UART1TX P3.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module 5 4 3 2 U S B P OW E R F I L T E R 1 MOTE POWER USB INTERFA CE D 22 U _ VCC 2 1 1 27 U _ VCC 8 USBDM 7 USBDP 1 .
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Microprocessor Description The low power operation of the Tmote Sky module is due to the ultra low power Texas Instruments MSP430 F1611 microcontroller featuring 10kB of RAM, 48kB of flash, and 128B of information storage. This 16-bit RISC processor features extremely low active and sleep current consumption that permits Tmote to run for years on a single pair of AA batteries. The MSP430 has an internal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that may operate up to 8MHz.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Figure 5 : Device Manager showing Tmote installed as COM6 The motelist command line utility lists all of the Tmote Sky modules currently connected to a computer. This utility optionally lists previously connected motes that the system has cached. Invoke motelist with the -h option for more information.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module To communicate with Tmote Sky, the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader requires a set of options to provide the proper signals to the microcontroller to initiate programming. For convenience, the options have been folded into a single Tmote flag: --tmote To program a Tmote Sky module on COM6 (or /dev/ttyUSB5 in Linux) with an application image named app.ihex, invoke the MSP430 Bootstrap loader with the following options. > msp430-bsl --tmote -c 5 -r -e -I -p app.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Block Diagram 32kHz Oscillator Flash ACLK System Clock SMCLK RAM 12-bit ADC 8 Channels <10μs Conv 12-bit DAC I/O Port 1/2 I/O Port 3/4 I/O Port 5/6 16 I/Os 16 I/Os 8 I/Os 2 Channels Interrupts MCLK 16-bit bus CPU 16 bit 16 reg multiply DMA Controller 3 Channels Watchdog Timer 15/16 bit Timer A 3 CC reg Timer B 7 CC reg Comparator A USART0 UART SPI I 2C USART1 UART SPI CC2420 Radio Interrupts & SPI PC UART via USB Figure 6 : Block diagram of the TI MSP430
PAGE 13
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Radio Description Tmote Sky features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions. With sensitivity exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Typical Operating Conditions Supply voltage during radio operation (Vreg on) Operating free air temperature RF frequency range Transmit bit rate Nominal output power Programmable output power range Receiver sensitivity Current consumption: Radio transmitting at 0 dBm Current consumption: Radio receiving Current consumption: Radio on, Oscillator on Current consumption: Idle mode, Oscillator off Current consumption: Power Down mode, Vreg off Voltage regulator current draw Rad
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Antenna Tmote Sky’s internal antenna is an Inverted-F microstrip design protruding from the end of the board away from the battery pack. The Inverted-F antenna is a wire monopole where the top section is folded down to be parallel with the ground plane. Although not a perfect omnidirectional pattern, the antenna may attain 50-meter range indoors and upwards of 125meter range outdoors.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Radiation Pattern Figure 12 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with horizontal mounting (from Chipcon AS) Figure 13 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with vertical mounting (from Chipcon AS) Moteiv Corporation Tmote Sky : Datasheet (2/6/2006) Page 16 of 28
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module External Flash Tmote Sky uses the ST M25P80 40MHz serial code flash for external data and code storage. The flash holds 1024kB of data and is decomposed into 16 segments, each 64kB in size. The flash shares SPI communication lines with the CC2420 transceiver. Care must be taken when reading or writing to flash such that it is interleaved with radio communication, typically implemented as a software arbitration protocol for the SPI bus on the microcontroller.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Flash Hardware Write Protection The flash includes hardware write protection functionality. The write protection exists on a sector basis as shown in Figure 16. The hardware write protection pin (Pin 3 of the M25P80 shown in Figure 14) only disables write protection when the module is powered by the USB port. When connected to USB, the status register must be updated by removing the write protect and block protect bits in Figure 15.
PAGE 19
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Sensors Humidity/Temperature Sensor The optional humidity/temperature sensor is manufactured by Sensirion AG. The SHT11 and SHT15 models may be directly mounted on the Tmote module in the U3 component position. The SHT11/SHT15 sensors are calibrated and produce a digital output. The calibration coefficients are stored in the sensor’s onboard EEPROM. The difference between the SHT11 and SHT15 model is that the SHT15 produces higher accuracy readings as shown in Figure 18.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Light Sensors A variety of light sensors may be used with Tmote Sky. Tmote Sky has connections for two photodiodes. Moteiv currently uses photodiodes from Hamamatsu Corporation (http://www.hamamatsu.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Expansion Connector Tmote Sky has two expansion connectors and a pair of onboard jumpers that may configured so that additional devices (analog sensors, LCD displays, and digital peripherals) may be controlled by the Tmote Sky module. On the far side of the board from the USB connector is a 10-pin IDC header at position U2 and a 6-pin IDC header at U28. The 10-pin connector has the same connections as Tmote Sky and is the primary connector.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module If expansion pin 10 (ADC3) is used to generate microcontroller interrupts instead of digital I/O and analog input functionality, R14 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable the pin for digital I/O (GIO0) on the microcontroller. R16 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable GIO1. R14 and R16 are located on the top side of Tmote Sky between the USB controller and the radio.
PAGE 23
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring The MSP430 microcontroller has internal temperature and voltage sensors that may be used through the microcontroller’s ADC interface. The voltage port (input 11) on the 12-bit ADC monitors the output from a voltage divider. DVcc R AD C11 R Voltage monitoring for Tmote modules.
PAGE 24
Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Agency Certification FCC Certification The Tmote Sky module complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required. To fulfill FCC Certification requirements, the OEM must comply with the following regulations: 1. The system integrator must ensure that the text on the external label provided with this device is placed on the outside of the final product [Figure 24]. 2.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Regulatory Notices IMPORTANT: The Tmote Sky module has been certified by the FCC for use with other products without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Moteiv Corporation could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. IMPORTANT: OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section 15.107 & 15.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module General Information Document History Revision Date Notes 1.0 1.0.1 1.0.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Disclaimer Moteiv Corporation believes the information contained herein is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, Moteiv Corporation reserves the right to make changes to this product without notice. Moteiv Corporation does not assume any responsibility for the use of the described product; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, or the rights of others.
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Low Power Wireless Sensor Module Address Information Web site: E-mail: Technical Support E-mail: Phone Number: Fax Number: http://www.moteiv.com info@moteiv.com support@moteiv.com +1.415.692.0960 +1.415.358.