Installation manual

© 2014 EcoInnovation Ltd (NZ) Page 4
5.7.6. Factoring in the cable voltage drop .............................................................................. 54
5.7.7. Summary: Matching your turbine to an MPPT controller and your battery ................ 55
5.7.8. Illustrative example ....................................................................................................... 55
5.7.9. Legal limits to voltage (extra low voltage) .................................................................... 56
5.7.10. Future trends ................................................................................................................ 57
5.8. Water and air diversion resistors ................................................................................. 57
5.8.1. Diversion via the inverter output .................................................................................. 59
5.9. Diversion Load: Hot Water Element ............................................................................. 59
5.9.1. Common water elements 12/24/48V ........................................................................... 60
5.9.2. Common water elements 120/240V ............................................................................. 60
5.10. Diversion Load: Air-Resistive Coil ............................................................................. 60
5.10.1. Common air elements 12/24/48 V ............................................................................... 60
5.10.2. Common air elements 120/240 V ................................................................................. 61
5.10.3. Common 120 V and 240 V elements used at different voltages .................................. 61
5.11. Using AUX “PV trigger” relay settings ....................................................................... 61
5.12. Preventing excessively hot water with PWM & MPPT regulation .............................. 64
5.13. Battery Bank (see also Section 7) ............................................................................. 64
5.14. Grid connect inverters ............................................................................................. 65
5.14.1. MPPV and Voc considerations ...................................................................................... 67
6. System Wiring ......................................................................................................... 68
6.1. Fuses and Circuit Breakers ........................................................................................... 68
6.1.1. Circuit Breakers ............................................................................................................. 68
6.1.2. Common DC Breaker sizes ............................................................................................ 68
6.2. DC Earthing/grounding explained ................................................................................ 69
6.2.1. Earth electrode or earth rod ......................................................................................... 69
6.2.2. Equipment earthing ...................................................................................................... 69
6.2.3. System earthing ............................................................................................................ 70
6.2.4. AC side system earthing ................................................................................................ 70
6.2.5. Earthing of the PowerSpout turbine bulkhead ............................................................. 70
6.2.6. Important note for grid connected systems ................................................................. 71
6.2.7. Earth cable size ............................................................................................................. 71
6.2.8. Earth Rod (electrode size) ............................................................................................. 71
6.3. Ground-fault protection for PV and DC hydro systems .................................................. 71
6.4. Avoiding other hazards ................................................................................................ 72
6.4.1. Meters to monitor your system .................................................................................... 72
6.4.2. What happens to a hydro turbine when not connected .............................................. 72
6.4.3. What happens if no controller is installed .................................................................... 72
6.4.4. Cable connection errors ................................................................................................ 73
6.5. Diagram of direct-to-battery wiring using diversion controllers .................................... 74
6.5.1. PWM battery regulation ............................................................................................... 75
6.6. Diagrams of wiring with MPPT controllers ................................................................... 76
6.6.1. 150-250 V DC MPPT ...................................................................................................... 77
6.6.2. 150-250 V MPPT with PWM hot water diversion ......................................................... 77
6.6.3. 150-250 V MPPT with aux SSR relay diversion on battery side .................................... 78
6.6.4. 150-250 V MPPT with aux SSR relay diversion on MPPT input side ............................. 78
6.6.5. 150 V MPPT – Midnite Classic KID ................................................................................ 79
6.7. Diagrams of wiring for grid connection ........................................................................ 80
6.7.1. 500-600V Grid connected systems ............................................................................... 80
6.8. Key to wiring diagrams. ............................................................................................... 81
6.8.1. Important note when MPPT controllers are not used .................................................. 83
6.8.2. Important note on cable sizing ..................................................................................... 83