User Manual
Table Of Contents
18
In the synthesizer world, the 
primary role of an oscillator is 
to generate sound. Oscillators 
can be assigned a wave shape 
to determine the initial timbre 
of the sound, oscillators 
can be tuned to specific 
frequencies, and an oscillator 
can be played — its pitch 
varied by a control voltage 
source such as a keyboard 
or sequencer. 
Each voltage controlled 
oscillator (VCO 1 and 
VCO 2) is equipped with two 
subharmonic oscillators. 
These subharmonic oscillators 
can be independently set to a 
specific note, or subharmonic, 
of the undertone series.
OSCILLATOR 1 PARAMETERS 
VCO 1 FREQ
Rotating this knob will set the initial frequency, or pitch, of VCO 1. The range 
of this knob is four octaves. Rotating the VCO 1 FREQ knob fully counter-
clockwise will specify the initial pitch as Middle C (262 Hz) on a piano. Rotating 
this knob fully clockwise will specify the initial pitch as the highest C (4186 Hz) 
on a piano. 
NOTE: Engaging the QUANTIZE settings will limit the available values for the VCO 1 
FREQ knob to the specific scale steps set by the current value of the QUANTIZE button.
SUB 1 FREQ (VCO 1)
The pitch or frequency of SUB 1 (the first subharmonic oscillator of VCO 1) is 
derived from the initial frequency (ƒ) of VCO 1. The SUB 1 frequency is equal to 
the initial pitch of VCO 1, divided by a whole number integer value from 1 to 16. 
As you rotate the SUB 1 FREQ knob, you are actually selecting the integer value 
used. You can hear the pitch of SUB 1 change in stepped values, starting with 1
[unison tuning to VCO 1: (ƒ)/1 = (ƒ)] when this knob is rotated fully clockwise, 
and proceeding in steps to a value of 16 as this knob is rotated counter-
clockwise. Each one of these values produces a note on the undertone scale 
derived from the initial pitch of VCO 1.
PANEL CONTROLS & FUNCTIONS
THE OSCILLATORS










