Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual March 2001 3289 East Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A. 520 746-9127 [tel] 520 889-5790 [fax] http://www.mmsi.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual March 2001 3289 East Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A. 520 746-9127 [tel] 520 889-5790 [fax] http://www.mmsi.
RESTRICTIVE COVENANT AND DISCLAIMER Copyright © 2001 by Modular Mining Systems, Inc. Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Modular Mining Systems, Inc.
Contents About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mobile Equipment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Radio Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Major Circuit Boards . . . . . .
Spread Spectrum Radio System About This Manual This manual contains a description of the spread spectrum radio (SSR) system designed by Modular Mining Systems (MMS). Its use is intended for MMS personnel and clients who may be responsible for the system’s operation. Detailed installation and checkout procedures are provided in a separate installation guide. Detailed user interface information is also provided separately. The definitions of acronyms used in this manual are given in Appendix A.
2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual uses several small repeaters, as shown in the following simplified diagram: Base Station Ethernet Redundant Repeater Figure 1 SSR System Configuration, Simplified Each repeater extends the base station’s area of coverage and communicates with the base station by way of other repeaters or directly by way of a fiber optic cable. The base station uses redundant radios to ensure continued operation in case a radio fails.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Mobile Equipment System 3 Each truck, shovel, dozer, drill, or other mine equipment in the network requires the following major components: • two 2.4-GHz radios • a Hub Although not integral to the SSR system, a CAN-based CGC and a GPS antenna are also essential units of DISPATCH hardware required on mine equipment.
4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual on the back of the radio module. The signals are identified in the following table: Table 1 Radio Module External Connector Pin Signal Description A DATA OUT + LVDS driven from radio + B DATA OUT − LVDS driven from radio − C DATA IN − LVDS received from Hub − D DATA IN + LVDS received from Hub + E PWR IN 24 V dc received from Hub* F PWR GND Power ground connected to Hub *Acceptable input range is 8 to 38 volts.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 5 The Hub is installed inside the equipment’s cab usually mounted to the wall or on an upright bracket attached to the floor or rear dash. It consists of a rugged case and base plate made of cast aluminum, which has been anodized and enameled to provide maximum protection from harsh environments. Its physical dimensions are approximately 35.4 by 26.2 by 9.4 centimeters (14 by 10.3 by 3.7 inches), and it weighs 4.3 kilograms (9.5 pounds).
6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Over and Undervoltage Protection The Hub power board has built-in protection from damage to the electronics during a constant steady-state over or undervoltage condition. When either condition occurs, the Hub shuts off by disconnecting itself from the power source, and remains off as long as the accessory switch is open. When the condition no longer exists, and the accessory switch closes, the Hub turns itself back on.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 7 The five status lights on top of the Hub convey important information to the user. The purpose of each is listed in the following table: Table 3 Mobile Equipment Options Equipment Hub Status Indicators Status Light Indication PWR Hub is receiving power from source. GPS Link with GPS is operating. RADIO A Link with radio A is operating. RADIO B Link with radio B is operating. COMM Link with mine network is operating.
8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • a solar power system with backup batteries and surge protection • an ac-to-dc power system with surge protection • GPS capability A repeater with optional solar panel and wheels is configured similarly to the following example: Figure 4 Hub Example Mobile Repeater Like the Hub on the mobile equipment, the repeater Hub is made of cast aluminum that has been anodized and enameled.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 9 coaxial cables—and the ac-to-dc converter with power line protection if power is obtained from an ac source rather than the solar panel. Closed Figure 5 Opened Repeater Hub Environmental Enclosure A repeater equipped with a solar panel also has backup battery power. The batteries are installed in a large environmental enclosure.
10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • location system (GPS) adapter board This board is present only if the repeater is equipped with the GPS option. It provides the interface between the processor board and the GPS receiver. Connectors and Indicators There are six external connectors on the front of the Hub. A decal affixed to the top of the Hub indicates the type of connection at each.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table 4 11 Repeater Hub Connectors (Continued) Connector Description ETHERNET fiber optic 10Base-T Ethernet connection from/to base station POWER receives 24-V dc operating power either from solar panels or ac source through ac-todc converter The purpose of each status light on top of the Hub is listed in the following table: Table 5 Repeater System Options Repeater Hub Status Indicators Status Light Indication PWR Hub is receiving power from sourc
12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • Solar power can be provided by way of panels, which are available in 150-, 200-, and 300-W power ratings. The required power rating is determined by the repeater’s geographic location. • Power can be provided by way of an ac-to-dc converter. When this option is selected, the converter and surge protection are physically located in the NEMA enclosure with the Hub.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 13 Details on installation and checkout procedures are provided in a separate manual. User Interface The status of any and all repeaters in the system configuration can be monitored from the DISPATCH central computer.
A Acronyms The acronyms listed in the following table are used in this manual: Table A.
B Radio Module Specifications General Description The 2.4-GHz DSSS spread spectrum radio is based on the Intersil PRISM I chipset (Intersil was formally Harris). The Intersil PRISM I information can be found at the following Web site: www.intersil.com/prism/ (Select PRISM I * 2 Mb/s product link.) Because MMS used the Intersil design for the radio, most of the specifications in this appendix are directly from Intersil documentation.
B-2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Functional Specifications The radio operates in the license-free 2.400- to 2.4835-GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band and is capable of two data rates • DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying • DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 2 Mb/s Tables B.1 through B.4 list the radio module specifications: Table B.
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications Table B.2 B-3 Radio RF Performance and Operation (Continued) Specification Typical Unit Dynamic Range (TX power − receiver sensitivity) 122.87 dB Transmit Spectral Mask (at 1st side-lobe) −30 dBr TX & RX Data Rates Using DBPSK 1 Mb/s TX & RX Data Rates Using DQPSKa 2 Mb/s Chipping Code (currently is a 802.
B-4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table B.4 Radio Antenna Performance Specification Typical Unit Antenna Type = Integrated Quad Vivaldi on FR4 — — AZ 3-dB Beam width 190 degrees EL 3-dB Beam width 28 degrees Gain 6 dB Feed Structure Losses (0.3 dB per inch on 0.030" FR4) 1.
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications Channel Definitions B-5 The channel selection is identical to the 802.11 standard, which is as follows: Table B.6 Channel Definitions Onboard RF VCOb Transmit Frequency 1 2132 MHz 2412 MHz 2 2137 MHz 2417 MHz 3 2142 MHz 2422 MHz 4 2147 MHz 2427 MHz 5 2152 MHz 2432 MHz 6 2157 MHz 2437 MHz 7 2162 MHz 2442 MHz 8 2167 MHz 2447 MHz 9 2172 MHz 2452 MHz 10 2177 MHz 2457 MHz 11 2182 MHz 2462 MHz 2204 MHz 2484 MHz Channela Japan a.
B-6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Power and Distance The following table and diagram show data pertaining to the power output versus gain control input: Table B.7 March 2001 Power vs. Range Setting DAC Power dBm Power mW Range Miles Range km 0 3.85 2.43 0.39 0.63 10 5.70 3.72 0.49 0.78 20 8.01 6.32 0.64 1.02 30 10.49 11.19 0.85 1.36 40 12.67 18.50 1.09 1.75 50 14.81 30.29 1.39 2.24 60 16.47 44.38 1.69 2.71 70 18.45 70.01 2.12 3.41 80 19.
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-7 March 2001
B-8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Photographs As shown in the following photograph, the radio is basically a PRISM I chipset with a 1-watt amplifier and a power supply. The FPGA controls the radio by way of the digital serial link from the Hub computer. The following photograph shows the radio with its plastic cover on.
0 Radio Module Specifications Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications DSSS Channels and Regulations B-9 The following diagram and table show frequency band allocation: USA: ISM Band 2400-2483.5 MHz (Same for Europe – ETSI) Power 1 watt maximum (30 dBm) Directivity 6 dB antenna gain maximum JAPAN: ISM Band Power 2471 – 2497 MHz 10 mW / MHz Note: The microwave oven operates at 2.43 GHz. Also, the two other ISM bands in the U.S.A. are 902–928 MHz and 5725–5850 MHz. Table B.
B-10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table B.
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-11 EL Antenna Pattern 100 110 90 17.5 80 17.5 70 120 60 130 50 14 140 40 10.5 150 30 7 160 3.5 170 t 20 10 0 i 180 0 0 190 350 200 340 210 330 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 290 260 270 θ i 280 Antenna Parameters: Plot File Title Radius Separation Element Gap Element polar_data_74E_5ea.MCD Quad Element Vivaldi 1.45" 2.400" per element (1/2 λ) 0.100" 2.
B-12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual AZ Antenna Pattern 100 110 90 17.5 80 17.5 70 120 60 130 50 14 140 40 10.5 150 30 7 160 3.5 170 t 20 10 0 i 180 0 0 190 350 200 340 210 330 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 290 260 270 θ i 280 Antenna Parameters: Plot File Title Radius Separation Element Gap Element March 2001 polar_data_74H.MCD Quad Element Vivaldi 1.45" 2.400" per element (1/2 λ) 0.100" 2.
Revision History Revision — Date Comments March 2001 First issue
