Technical data

18
1.2.2.5.6. Air Cleaner and Inlet Line
The air cleaner is intended for purification of air to be sucked into the cylinders.
The air-cleaner of the diesel engine is combined: the dry centrifugal purification and oil
dust-trap with wet kapron filter. In the air-cleaner housing there are three filter elements of
kapron bristle having different diameters.
The D-245 diesel and its modifications can be fitted also with an air-cleaner consisting of
the main and control paper filter cartridges.
To ensure the better filling of the cylinders with air, the D-241, D-243 engines are
equipped with the intake manifold with selected length and diameter of intake pipe and port of the
intake manifold.
In the intake manifold port there is a shutter for emergency stop of the engine. The shut-
ter is controlled from the cabin of the tractor (machine).
The D-242 and D-244 diesels are equipped with a simplified intake manifold without the
emergency stop shutter.
All the diesel engines equipped with electric starter have the electric torch pre-heater,
which is intended for preheating the air to be sucked into the cylinders with the purpose of easing
the engine start at low ambient temperatures.
1.2.2.5.7. Turbo-Supercharger
The D-245 diesel engine and its modifications are equipped with the turbo-supercharger
using the energy of exhaust gas for supercharging the air into the engine cylinders.
The principle of operation of the turbo-supercharger consists in directing the pressurized
exhaust gas from the engine cylinders into the turbine scroll channels through the exhaust mani-
fold. When expanding, the gas rotates the rotor connected with the compressor impeller, which
sucks the air through the air-cleaner and delivers it into the engine cylinders under pressure.
As shown in Fig. 9, the turbo-supercharger is designed according to the following
scheme: radial centripetal turbine and single-stage compressor with the console arrangement of
wheels relatively to the supports.
The rotational speed of the compressor, feed and pressure of the air discharged depend
on the diesel engine operating mode.
The turbo-supercharger turbine housing 2 is founded of high-strength cast iron. The
flow-through part of the turbine for passing the exhaust gas is formed by the housing and the tur-
bine wheel.
The compressor housing 11 is founded of aluminium alloy, its flow-through part is
formed by the housing and the compressor wheel.
The housings of the turbine and the compressor are fastened to the housing of the bear-
ings 14, which is founded of high-strength cast iron.
The turbine wheel 1 is founded of heat-proof alloy and welded to the rotor wheel.
The compressor impeller 6 is founded of aluminium alloy and fastened to the shaft by
means of a special nut.
The rotor shaft rotates in the radial bearing made in the form of floating non-rotating
mono-bush 3. The mono-bush is fixed in the housing of bearings by means of a pawl. The axial
travel of the rotor is perceived by the thrust bearing 12.
The turbo-supercharger bearings are lubricated and cooled with oil coming from the cen-
trifugal oil filter through the pipeline. Both radial and thrust bearings provide additionally for the
centrifugal oil cleaning. The oil is drained to the engine crankcase through an oil-draining pipe.
Between the compressor and the turbine there are gas and oil seals in the form of spring
rings 8 and 15 mounted in the rotor grooves. To improve the efficiency, an oil-guard is mounted
from the compressor side and a screen from the turbine side.