User manual

page 37
Analog System Lab Kit PRO
5.2Specication
5.3 Measurements to be taken
5.4 What should you submit
5.3.1 Transient response
experiment 5
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
V V K V K V K V V
V
V
V V
V V
V
V VVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
s s
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
H QV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset x x y y x y
x
y
r x
y r
r
x yr
r
p p
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
c c
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
# # # #
#
$
$
$ $
p
z
z
~
~
~ ~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
= + + + +
=
=
=
=
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
+ +
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
V V K V K V K V V
V
V
V V
V V
V
V VVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
s s
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
H QV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset x x y y x y
x
y
r x
y r
r
x yr
r
p p
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
c c
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
# # # #
#
$
$
$ $
p
z
z
~
~
~ ~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
= + + + +
=
=
=
=
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
+ +
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
V V K V K V K V V
V
V
V V
V V
V
V VVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
s s
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
H QV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset x x y y x y
x
y
r x
y r
r
x yr
r
p p
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
c c
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
# # # #
#
$
$
$ $
p
z
z
~
~
~ ~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
= + + + +
=
=
=
=
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
+ +
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
Figure 5.3: Output of the Self-Tuned Filter based on simulation
Table 5.1: Variation of output amplitude with input frequency
If we consider the low-pass output, then
then
Hence, sensitivity of VCF(KVCF) is equal to
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
VV KVKVKVV
V
V
VV
VV
V
VVVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
ss
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
HQV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset xxyy xy
x
y
rx
yr
r
xyr
r
pp
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
cc
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
00
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
####
#
$
$
$$
p
z
z
~
~
~~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
=+ ++ +
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
++
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
.
For varying input frequency the output phase will always lock to the input phase
with90˚phasedierencebetweenthetwoif
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
VV KVKVKVV
V
V
VV
VV
V
VVVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
ss
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
HQV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset xxyy xy
x
y
rx
yr
r
xyr
r
pp
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
cc
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
00
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
####
#
$
$
$$
p
z
z
~
~
~~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
=+ ++ +
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
++
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
.
Simulate the circuits and obtain the transient response of the system.
Take the plots of transient response from oscilloscope and compare it with
simulation results.
Measure the output amplitude of the fundamental (Band Pass output) at
varyinginputfrequencyatxedinputamplitude.
Output amplitude should remain constant for varying input frequency within
the lock range of the system.
Apply a square wave input and observe the amplitude of the Band Pass output for
fundamental and its harmonics.
Assume that the input frequency is
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
VV KVKVKVV
V
V
VV
VV
V
VVVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
ss
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
HQV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset xxyy xy
x
y
rx
yr
r
xyr
r
pp
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
cc
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
00
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
####
#
$
$
$$
p
z
z
~
~
~~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
=+ ++ +
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
++
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
and design a high-
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
VV KVKVKVV
V
V
VV
VV
V
VVVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
ss
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
HQV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset xxyy xy
x
y
rx
yr
r
xyr
r
pp
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
cc
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
00
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
####
#
$
$
$$
p
z
z
~
~
~~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
=+ ++ +
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
++
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
 Band pass lter
whose centre frequency gets tuned to
2
90
0
1
cos
tan
RC
VV KVKVKVV
V
V
VV
VV
V
VVVV
V
V
VV
K
d
dV
K
V
VRC
V
dV
d
VRC
V
dV
d
dV
d
d
d
dV
d
V
V
Q
ss
H
Q
d
d
Q
dV
d
QV
V
kHz
Q
HQV
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
offset xxyy xy
x
y
rx
yr
r
xyr
r
pp
pd
av
pd
av
r
c
c
r
c
c
cc
i
r
r
c
c
av
i
00
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
####
#
$
$
$$
p
z
z
~
~
~~
z
z
~
z
~
~
~
z
~
~
~
~
~
z
~
z
#
#
=+ ++ +
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
p
z
++
+
-
-
-
-
l
c
b
b
d
b
l
l
n
l
.
Input voltage =
S.No. Input Frequency Output Amplitude
1
2
3
4
1
2
3