Analog System Lab Kit PRO MANUAL
Table of contents Introduction 9 Analog System Lab 10 Organization of the Analog System Lab Course 11 Lab Setup 12 System Lab Kit ASLK PRO - An overview 13 Hardware 13 Software 13 Getting to know ASLK PRO 14 Organization of the Manual 16 Experiment 1: Brief theory and motivation 18 1.1.1 Unity Gain Amplifier 18 1.1.2 Non-inverting Amplifier 19 1.1.3 Inverting Amplifier 19 Inverting Regenerative Comparator 24 2.1.2 Astable Multivibrator 24 2.1.
Table of contents Experiment 5: 35 Brief theory and motivation 36 5.1.1 36 Multiplier as a Phase Detector 5.2 Specification 37 5.3 Measurements to be taken 37 5.3.1 37 5.4 Transient response What should you submit 37 5.4.1 38 Exercise Set 5 39 Design a function generator and convert it to Voltage-Controlled Oscillator/FM Generator 6.1 Brief theory and motivation 40 6.2 Specifications 40 6.3 Measurements to be taken 40 6.4 What should you submit 41 6.
Table of contents Experiment 11: 59 To study the parameters of an LDO integrated circuit 11.1 Brief theory and motivation 60 11.2 Specifications 60 11.3 Measurements to be taken 60 11.4 What should you submit 61 Experiment 12: 63 To study the parameters of a DC-DC Converter using on-board Evaluation module 14.2 Specifications 72 14.3 Measurements to be taken 72 14.4 What should you submit 72 14.5 Exercise Set 14 73 A ICs used in ASLK PRO A.
Table of contents List of figures A.5 TLV7250: Micropower Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator 80 A.6 A.7 Signal Chain in an Electronic System 10 A.5.1 Features 80 Analog System Lab Kit PRO 13 A.5.2 Applications 80 Picture of ASLK PRO 15 A.5.3 Description 80 A.5.4 Download Datasheet 80 Transistors: 2N3906, 2N3904, BS250 1.1 An ideal Dual-Input, Single-Output OP-Amp and its I-O characteristic 18 18 81 1.2 A Unity Gain System A.6.1 2N3906 Features, A.6.
List of figures 3.5 Circuits for Exercise 3 30 4.1 A Second-order Universal Active Filter 32 4.2 Magnitude and Phase Response of 5.1 12.2 Simulation waveforms - TP3 is the PWM waveform and TP4 is the switching waveform 65 13.1 Circuit for Digital Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier 68 Equivalent Circuit for simulation 69 LPF, BPF, BSF, and HPF filters 32 13.2 Analog Multiplier 36 13.3 Simulation output of digitally controlled Oscillator when 5.
introduction List of figures D.6 3.1 OP-Amp 3B can be used in unity gain configuration or any other custom configuration 92 D.7 Connections for analog multiplier MPY634 - SET I 92 D.8 Connections for analog multiplier MPY634 - SET II 93 3.2 -~20Q 3.3 Variation of Peak to Peak value of output w.r.t. Peak value of Input 93 4.1 D.10 Connections for A/D converter DAC7821 - DAC I 94 4.2 D.11 Connections for A/D converter DAC7821 - DAC II 95 4.3 D.
Introduction What you need to know before you get started Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 9
introduction Analog System Lab Although digital signal processing is the most common form of processing signals, analog signal processing cannot be completely avoided since the real world is analog in nature. Consider a typical signal chain (Figure below). Typical signal chain 1 A sensor converts the real-world signal into an analog electrical signal. This analog signal is often weak and noisy. 2 Amplifiers are needed to strengthen the signal.
introduction Organization of the Course In designing the lab course, we have assumed that there are about 12 during a semester. We have designed 14 experiments which can be carried out either individually or by groups of two students. The experiments in Analog System Lab can be categorized as follows. Part I - Learning the basics Part II - Building analog systems In the first part, the student will be exposed to the operation of the basic building blocks of analog systems.
introduction Lab Setup The setup for the Analog System Lab is very simple and requires the following. In all the experiments of Analog System Lab, please note the following. 1 ASLK PRO and the associated Lab Manual from Texas Instruments India - the lab kit comes with required connectors. Refer to Chapter 1.4 for an overview of the kit. 1 When we do not explicitly mention the magnitude and frequency of the input waveform, please use 0 to 1V as the amplitude of the input and 1 kHz as the frequency.
introduction System Lab Kit overview Hardware ASLK PRO has been developed at Texas Instruments India. This kit is designed for undergraduate engineering students to perform analog lab experiments. The main idea behind ASLK PRO is to provide a cost efficient platform or test bed for students to realize almost any analog system using general purpose ICs such as OP-Amps and analog multipliers. The kit has a provision to connect ±10V DC power supply. The kit comes with the necessary short and long connectors.
introduction Getting to know ASLK PRO The Analog System Lab kit ASLK PRO is divided into many sections. Refer to the photo of ASLK PRO when you read the following description. 1 LDO or DC/DC converter located on the board. Using Tri-state switches you can set 12-bits of input data for each DAC to desired value. Click the Latch Data button to trigger Digital-to-analog conversion. There are three TL082 OP-Amp ICs labelled 1, 2, 3 on ASLK PRO.
5 introduction 4 6 10 9 7 8 3 2 1 Analog System Lab Kit PRO Photo of ASLK PRO 1 1 page 15
introduction Organization of the Manual There are 14 experiments in this manual and the next 14 chapters are devoted to them, We recommend that in the first cycle of experiments, the instructor introduces the ASLK PRO and ensure that all the students are familiar with a simulation software. A warm-up exercise can be included, where the students are asked to use the simulation software. For each of the experiments, we have clarified the goal of the experiment and provided the theoretical background.
Chapter 1 Experiment 1 Study the characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers and design of an instrumentation amplifier Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 17
experiment 1 (1.1) V0 =A0 $ (V1 - V2) (1.2) V1 - V2 = V0 The goal of this experiment is two-fold. In the first part, we will understand A 0 the application of negative feedback in designing amplifiers. In the second A0 $ (AV11 V 00 =open-loop In the above equations, A0 isV part, we will build an instrumentation amplifier. Vthe V22))for real amplifiers, A0 is in the 0 = -gain; =A0 $ (V0A range 10 to 10 and hence V1Vcs V2 . A1unity feedback circuit is shown in the Figure + V00 V =AV $= (VA -$ (VV)- V ) V 1.
GB = A= 0 ~d1 Vs 1 + A0 GB V0 " 1 as A0 " 3 Vs 1 V =A $ (V - V ) T= 2 2 A 0 where called slew rate. It can therefore be determined by applying a square wave of Vp at 1A+= s ~0 Q + s V ~ 0 $ (V - V A V$ (V - V ) =A V -VV) == $ (V - V ) V =A V = A A $ (V - V ) certain high frequency and increasing the magnitude of the input.
experiment 1 1.2 Exercise Set 1 1 Design the following amplifiers - (a) a unity gain amplifier, (b) a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 2 (Figure 1.5(a)) and an inverting amplifier with the gain of 2.2 (Figure 1.5(b)). 2 Design an instrumentation amplifier using three OP-Amps with a controllable differential-mode gain of 3. Refer to Figure 1.9(a) for the circuit diagram.
1.5 Other related ICs 1 Submit the simulation results for Transient response, Frequency response and DC transfer characteristics. 2 Take the plots of Transient response, Frequency response and DC transfer characteristics from the oscilloscope and compare it with your simulation results. 3 Apply square wave of amplitude 1V at the input. Change the input frequency and study the peak to peak amplitude of the output. Take the readings in Table 1.1 and compute the slew-rate.
experiment 1 Notes on Experiment 1: page 22 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 2 Experiment 2 Study the characteristics of regenerative feedback system with extension to design an astable and monostable multivibrator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 23
experiment 2 V0b V0 =V0-=A-0 $ A _V0 i$ i V0 i _Vib1 V0 V0 A $ 0 A $ V 1 bV V0 = A 0$ _ i - 0 i Vi =Vi =- 10-1A-0 $ Ab0 $ b R1bR 1 VA01i0 $ V0 = -bA0=$ _VV0i =bVR = i1+ R11R+2 R21 - A0 V$ 0b= - A0 $ _Vi - bV0 i V0 V0 = - A0 $ _Vi - bV0 i =- A00 $ b = 1 R1 , it becomes 1 Vi A V0 However, when $ 0biA0=$ b1 V0 = b1b0 V 0 $ _Vi -A = A0 $ =R1 + R2 1 VA0 0 $ b A $ V i 1 1 $ A b 1 R 0 1 unstable as amplifier as output satu=- 0 V0 = - AA 0 0$ _ $V bi -1b1V0 i V0 b = V i 1 A0 $ b A0 R$ 1 + R12A0 $ b = 1 =R Vi When
0 i 0 0 0 0 SS 1 C 0 0 i 0 SS i 0 0 0 i 0 i 0 0 0 0 i 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 ss 2 i 0 1 O 0 0 0 i 0 0 ss = RR1 1 R = R 1R - Vss - Vss 1+ 2 1+ 2 $= V b$ bV ss ss1 A0 $ b = 1 A0b $ Vss b $ Vss A0 $ b 1 1 A0 $ b 1 1 Vss Vss bss$ Vss V & 1 2.
experiment 2 1+b 2 $ b $ Vss 1 + b Vss T = 2 $ RC1$ + ln db n T = 2 $ RC $ ln d n 1n- b 1 b 2 $ $ T RC ln d = 1+b $ 2 b $ V 1 b ss T = 2 $ RC $ ln d 1 1n x = RC $ ln x = RC $ 1lndb n 1 + bx = RC $ ln d 1 d 1n- b n 1 b T = 2 $ RC $ ln d n 1 1-b x = RC 1-b t+x t +$ ln x d1 - b n t x + 1 1+b t+x 1 + b x = RC $ ln d 1 - b n x = RC1$ + ln db n x = RC $ ln d n b RC x $ ln d nb = 1+b b t x + the hysteresis of ! 1V .
Chapter 3 Experiment 3 Study the characteristics of integrators and differentiator circuits Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 27
experiment 3 A = GB s Goal of the experiment The goal of the experiment is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of using integrators or differentiators as a building block in solving N th order differential equations or building an N th order filter. A = GB s A = GB s - 1 V0 sCR = s Vi a1 + GB 1$ RC + GB k - 1 V0 sCR = s Vi a1 + GB 1$ RC + GB k - 1 V 0 sCR 3.1.2 Differentiators Vi = a1 + 1 + s k GB $ RC GB A differentiator circuit that uses an OP-Amp is shown in Figure 3.2.
b1 + GB + GB l - sRC C - sRC2 = V0 - sRC s s2 s s RC $ 2 - sRC b1 + ~0 Q + ~02 l b1 + l= Vi = s $R V0 GB + GB sRC 2 1 b + GB + s GB s s 2 Vi = 1 s s RC $ + + b l ~l0~0 Q ~02 - sRC b1 + GB + = - sRC s s 2 ~0 GB ~ GB = b1 + ~0 Q + ~ l s s2 2 0 sRC b1 + ~0 Q + ~0 = 2 s s V GB ~ ~0 b1 + ~0 Q + ~02 l pp ~0 Vp Vpp ~ GB ~0 ~ GB Transient response - Apply the $ T an input to integrator, vary Vp squareV waveVpas Vpp pp = GB ~ Vpp value the peak amplitude of the square wave and the peak to peak RC 2 $obtain Vp $ T Vp
experiment 3 C1 R2 C2 R1 VF1 + U1 VF2 U2 3.5 Exercise Set 3 - Grounded Capacitor Topologies of Integrator and Differentiator Determine the function of the circuits shown in Figure 3.5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these circuits when compared to their conventional counterparts? R C R R VI VI R VO = sCRVI/2 R R VO = 2VI/SCR R R C Figure 3.5: Circuit for Exercise 3 Notes on Experiment 3: Figure 3.
Chapter 4 Experiment 4 Design of Analog Filters Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 31
experiment 4 2 N 2 N 20 = 1 RC ~ 20 = 1 RC ~ ~ 0 = 1 RC H ~ H000 = 1 RC H Goal of the experiment V0300 +H H VV03i = H00 s 2 + s Low Pass Filter VV03i = b1 + +s H0+ s 2 l VV03 = 1 + ~+0 Q H0 ~022 To understand the working of four types of second order filters, namely, Low s 022 l Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, and Band Stop filters, and study their frequency Vii = bb1 + ~0ssQ + + s 2l 2 ~ ~0 Qs+ b1 +b H 2 ~02 l characteristics (phase and magnitude).
b1 + ~0+ l 02 =0 + + l a- H0 0 $ ~0 k 0 QQ ~~0V0 V= ~ Q ~02~ ~00N N2sb1+ V02 i b1 + s 1~~0s202lQs 2 ~02 i Vi = ~0 Q N22 N th ~s0 Q s 2 2 2 N 1Hb+ +++ s s 2l 01$ + 2 l 1 +s 2Hs $ + l VV03i = N a- + 2l b 0 2 s b 2 s H $ V H 0H k 03 0 s Q ~ s s ~ 0 0 2 Q ~ ~ a k 0 ~ 00 H $ 1 ~ 00Q V 0 0 + b l 01 H $ VV02i = b21 + s ~ 0 2 l b l 1 N 2 = 2 0 s H $ 2 0 a k H $ 1 + 2 0 + l V02 b s 022 ~0~0 = N N22 Vi V02bsH0 N s0 $1s 2s2 2ls Q ~ ~02 s~20VV04012 = b10 + 1 00sRC Vi = ~ =~ 2Vi V0122 ~ s 02 l V04 = + +~ b11+ ~220~ RC 0
H0 Q experiment 4 ~0 ~0 = 1 kHz ~0 = 1 kHz Q=1 H0 Q Q=1 ~0 = 10 kHz ~0 = 1 kHz ~0 = 10 kHz Q = 10 Q=1 Q = 10 f = 1 kHz ~0 = 10 kHz f = 1 kHz f = 10 kHz Q = 10 Higher order filters are normally f = 10 kHz 4 $ Vp designed by cascading second order filters f = 1 kHz $ Q Design a third order Butterworth Lowpass r $ H0filter.
Chapter 5 Experiment 5 Design of a self-tuned filter Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 35
Vyy l V = V V cos z 2V V yyr # Vx RC V Vrr # VxxRCK # V #KV +=pdV V =RC V + KV#=V V+ K+#KV #+VK+#KV ## VV + V rry # V#+xxrVr Vp=+Vp + K # dVz+ K # V + K # V # V + p #VV V V # V V K V K V K p # # # = + + + V V # y p K y r p p V through the low-pass V V # yyr # rr V c z = 90 V V After passing filter, the high frequency component gets Goal of the experiment Vrr V V only the average value V V out and filtered of output V remains.
Vr # Vx V zK= 90c Vy # Vr c 90 z ~ V = Vy # Vr Vr # Vx ~V ~ = V V $ RC Vr ~ V = V $ RC= ~ d~ 1 Input~voltage V0y = # Vrx # Vy Vr V dV = V RC = V ~ = V0 = Vx # Vy Vr ~ ~ d 1 S.No.
~2 d1 - b ~r ln experiment 5 0 dz 2Q ~0 d~0 = dz 2Q Vc dVc = Vav = 0 kHzself-tuned filter you designed. The lock range Determine the lock range of1the 5.4.1 Exercise Set 5 1 Q frequencies where the amplitude of the output is defined as the range of input voltage remains constant at H0 $ Q $ Vi Related Circuits Texas Instruments also manufactures the following related ICs - Voltagecontrolled amplifiers (e.g. VCA820) and multiplying DAC (e.g. DAC7821). Refer to http://www.ti.com for application notes.
Chapter 6 Experiment 6 Design a function generator and convert it to Voltage-Controlled Oscillator/FM Generator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 39
Goal of the experiment 6.1 Brief theory and motivation + experiment 6 f = _1 4RC i $ _ R2 R1i 1kHz 1 ! Vss _R R i 4RC # 2 1 Vc f = _1 4RC i $ _ R2 R1i Sensitivity of the VCO is the important parameter and is given as KVCO , where it is Vc $ R2 given as df ! Vss f l = dVc 4 RC V $ $ r $ R1 To understand a classic mixed mode circuit that uses two-bit A to D Converter f = _1 4RC i $ _ R2 R1i 1V along with an analog integrator block. The architecture of the circuit is similar df l f R2 Vc $ R2 (6.
1 experiment 6 6.4 What should you submit Notes on Experiment 6: Simulate the circuits and obtain the Transient response of the system. C R2 R1 VC R1 ! Vss 2 3 f = _1 4RC i $ _ R2 R1i Vc $ R2 fl = 4 $ RC $ Vr $ R1 df l f R2 K Hz Oscillator Volts VCO = 6.3: Figure (VCO) 4RC $ Vr V1 = Vc dVc =Voltage-Controlled f = _1 4RC i $ _ R2 R1i 1 kHzof time response from oscilloscope and compare it with Take the plots 1 simulation results.
experiment 6 Notes on Experiment 6: page 42 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 7 Experiment 7 Design of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 43
Vc Vc V dVc ~= d~ dVc ~ = Vc c 4Vr $ RC 4Vr $ RC 4 $ RC V V dV c rV$r RC c V ~= d V ~ c ~ = 4V $ cRC d~ Vc 4Vr $ RC= Vc ~c ~ dV r = dVc Vr $ RC dVc = Vr $ RC dVc Vr $ RC d~ Vc d~ Vc KVCO Vc Vc Vc ~ Vc ~ Vc ~ = dVc = V~r $ RC ~= dVc = Vr $ RC 4Vr $ RC ~0Q ~ Vc KVCO = ~ Vc KVCO = no ~ Vc c Vc system oscillates~atVthe VCO = ~ the When voltage is applied to the K system, free d~ Vinput c = V ~ CQ Q 0 K VCO = ~ Vc ~ 0Qc V RC $ dV K r VCO c = ~ Vof ~ Q 0 with corresponding control voltage running frequency of the
1 Measure the lock range of the system and measure the change in the phase of the output signal as input frequency is varied within the lock range. 2 Vary the input frequency and obtain the change in the control voltage and plot the output. A sample output characteristic of the PLL is shown in Figure 7.2. 7.5 Exercise Set 7 Design a Frequency Synthesizer to generate a waveform of 1MHz frequency from a 100kHz crystal as shown in Figure 7.3. 7.
experiment 7 Notes on Experiment 7: page 46 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 8 Experiment 8 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC) Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 47
In the front-end electronics of a system, we may require that the gain of the amplifier be adjustable, since the amplitude of the input keeps varying. Such a system can be designed using feedback. This experiment demonstrates one such system. Transfer Characteristics - Plot the input versus output characteristics for the AGC/AVC. 8.4 What you should submit 1 Simulate the circuit of Figure 8.1 and obtain the Transfer Characteristic of the system.
+ C1 V2 U1 + VG1 Notes on Experiment 8: R4 VF2 experiment 8 R3 VF1 VXVY 10 U2 R1 R2 VXVY 10 V1 + Figure 8.3: AGC circuit and its output 8.5 Exercise Set 8 Determine the lock range for the AGC, which is defined as the range of input values for which output voltage remains constant.
experiment 8 Notes on Experiment 8: page 50 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 9 Experiment 9 DC-DC Converter Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 51
experiment 9 _1 _1 V-ref VrefVpiVpi T = 2 2T = T T T =T 1= 1f f Vp Vav Vav f ! V ss V ! V ss between depending upon the value of ref . Hence circuit becomes SMPS system Vp where Vav V=av 1 _1 V V i x =V-ref V$ refVss$ VVssp .Vp ref p = f T 2 x x The goal of the experiment is to design a high-efficient DC-DC converter using Vref Vref T T V T If we replace LC filter with MOSFET, and apply audio input as ref to the comparator a general purpose OP-Amp and a comparator and study its characteristics.
1 2 3 4 VF1 + p f time response and transfer characteristics Simulate the circuits and obtain the of the system. Vref VG1 R3 + R1 VF2 U2 1 1 V Vi x - ref p T = 2 _ and Take the plots of transfer characteristics time response from oscilloscope Vp T and compare it with simulation results. f T =1 f Plot the average output voltage Vav as a function of reference voltage Vref and Vp Vp obtain the plot; the plot will be linear.
experiment 9 Notes on Experiment 9: page 54 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 10 Experiment 10 Design a Low Dropout (LDO) regulator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 55
10.3 Measurements to be taken experiment 10 Goal of the experiment The goal of this experiment is to design a Low Dropout regulator using general purpose OP-Amp and PMOS and study its characteristics with extension to study characteristics of TPS7250 IC. We aim to design a linear voltage regulator with high efficiency which is used in low noise high efficiency applications. 1 2 3 10.1 Brief theory and motivation dV Measure the output impedance of the LDO, which is given by dI 0 .
Input resistance (ohms) Take the plots of output characteristics, transfer characteristics and ripple rejection from the Oscilloscope and compare it with simulation results. 3 Obtain the Load Regulation - Vary the load such that load current varies and obtain the output voltage, see the point till where output voltage remains constant. After that output will fall as the load current increases.
experiment 10 Notes on Experiment 10: page 58 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 11 Experiment 11 To study the parameters of an LDO integrated circuit Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 59
The ASLK Pro kit includes an on-board voltage regulator evaluation module TPS7250. The goal of this experiment is to study the parameters of the Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) IC TPS7250 from Texas Instruments using the on-board evaluation module. The regulator can be enabled/disabled using the ON/OFF jumper JP7. The “Enable” pin (EN) must never be left floating. Connecting a shorting jumper wire between pins 1 (GND) and pin 2 (EN) of JP7 enables the regulator.
1 Simulate the circuit using a simulator such as PSPICE Capture (version 15.7 or higher) or Cadence 16.0. The typical characteristics will be of the form as shown in Figure 11-2(a) and Figure 11-2(b). 2 Vary the input voltage for constant load and observe the output voltage. Use Table 11-1 for taking the readings for line regulation. S.No. 1.8032V Input voltage (VIN) Output voltage (VOUT) 1 2 3 1.8028V VOUT 4 Table 11.1: Line regulation 1.8024V 3 1.8020V 3.0V 3.5V 4.0V 4.5V 5.0V 5.
experiment 11 Notes on Experiment 11: page 62 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 12 Experiment 12 To study the parameters of a DC-DC Converter using on-board Evaluation module Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 63
experiment 12 Goal of the experiment P–channel Power FET and Schottky diode to produce a low cost buck converter. The regulated output of the EVM is resistance-selected and can be adjusted within the limited range by making the changes in the feedback loop, as shown below. The goal of the experiment is to configure the on-board evaluation module TPS40200 on the ASLK PRO Kit as a switched mode power supply that can provide a regulated output voltage of 5V or 3.3V for an input whose range is 6V-15V.
The unregulated input is connected at screw terminal CN5. Output load is connected to screw terminal at CN6.The switching Vout = Vref waveform can be observed at the terminal TP4.The evaluation module has a switching frequency of 200 kHz. This frequency b is decided by the combination of R201 and C213. The duty cycle of thisVwaveform Vref = 0.7V Vout = ref varies linearly with the input voltage for a constant output voltage, bas shown Vref = 0.7V below.
experiment 12 S.No. Input voltage (Vin) Duty cycle Notes on Experiment 12: 1 2 3 4 Table 12.1: Variation of the duty cycle of PWM waveform with input voltage 5 Vary the input voltage for a fixed load and observe the output voltage. Use Table 12.2 for taking the readings for line regulation S.No. Input voltage (Vin) Output voltage (Vout) 1 2 3 4 Table 12.2: Line regulation 6 Vary the load so that load current varies; observe the output voltage for a fixed input voltage. Use Table 12.
Chapter 13 Experiment 13 Design of a Digitally Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 67
experiment 13 13.2 Specifications Goal of the experiment The goal of the experiment is to design a negative feedback amplifier whose gain is digitally controlled using a multiplying DAC. 13.1 Brief theory and motivation More and more, we see the trend of using Digital Signal Processors and/or Microcontrollers to control the behavior of the front-end signal conditioning circuits in an instrumentation or RF system.
+ V1 5V + E 0 1 2 A 3 RO 4 5 RI 6 7 8 GND 9 10 11 MV95308 V2 10V + V3 10V J2 R4 1k R2 R1 J1 TL082 J2 + VIN R3 1k experiment 13 J1 J2 TL082 VOUT J1 Figure 13.2: Equivalent Circuit for simulation 500.00m Output Amplitude(volts) -500.00m 100.00m Notes on Experiment 13: Input Amplitude(volts) -100.00m 0.00 5.00m 10.00m Time(s) 15.00m 20.00m Figure 13.3: Simulation output of digitally controlled gain stage amplifier when the input pattern for the DAC was selected to be 0x800 13.
experiment 13 Notes on Experiment 13: page 70 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Chapter 14 Experiment 14 Design of a Digitally Programmable Square and Triangular wave generator/oscillator Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 71
experiment 14 14.2 Specifications Goal of the experiment To design a digitally controlled oscillators where the oscillation frequency of the output square and triangular wave forms is controlled by a binary pattern. Such systems are useful in digital PLL and in FSK generation in a MODEM. 14.1 Brief theory and motivation In Experiment 6, we used an analog multiplier in conjunction with an integrator to build a VCO.
+ V1 J1 5V 0 E 1 2 A 3 4 RO 5 6 RI 7 8 GND 9 10 11 MV95308 + V2 10V + V3 10V J2 R 1k experiment 13 C 1u V tri R4 1k J2 J2 TL082 TL082 J1 J1 R3 1k J2 TL082 V squ J1 R2 R1 Figure 14.2: Circuit for Simulation 10.00 Notes on Experiment 14: V squ -10.00 3.00 V tri -3.00 0.00 25.00m 50.00m Time(s) 75.00m 100.00m Figure 14.3: Simulation Results 14.
experiment 14 Notes on Experiment 14: page 74 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Appendix A ICs used in ASLK PRO Texas Instruments Analog ICs used in ASLK PRO Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 75
appendix A TL082 JFET-Input Operational Amplifier A.1.1 Features A.1.2 Applications A.1.4 Download Datasheet • Low Power Consumption • Wide Common-Mode and Differential Voltage Ranges • Input Bias and Offset Currents • Output Short-Circuit Protection • Low Total Harmonic Distortion...0.003% Typ • High Input Impedance...JFET-Input Stage • Latch-Up-Free Operation • High Slew Rate...
Wide Bandwidth Analog Precision Multiplier A.2.1 Features A.2.2 Applications A.2.4 Download Datasheet • Wide Bandwidth: 10MHz Typ • 0.5% Max Four-Quadrant Accuracy • Internal Wide-Bandwidth Op Amp • Easy To Use • Low Cost • Precision Analog Signal Processing • Modulation And Demodulation • Voltage-Controlled Amplifiers • Video Signal Processing • Voltage-Controlled Filters And Oscillators http://www.ti.
appendix A DAC 7821 12 Bit, Parallel, Multiplying DAC A.3.1 Features • 2.5V to 5.5V supply operation • Fast Parallel Interface: 17ns Write Cycle • Update Rate of 20.4MSPS • 10MHz Multiplying Bandwidth • 10V input • Low Glitch Energy: 5nV-s • Extended Temperature Range: -40˚C to +125˚C • 20-Lead TSSOP Packages • 12-Bit Monotonic • 1LSB INL • Read back Function • Power-On Reset with Brownout Detection • Industry-Standard Pin Configuration • 4-Quadrant Multiplication A.3.4 Download Datasheet http://www.ti.
A.4.1 Features • Input Voltage Range 4.5 to 52 V • Output Voltage (700 mV to 90% VIN) • 200 mA Internal P-Channel FET Driver • Voltage Feed-Forward Compensation • Undervoltage Lockout • Programmable Fixed Frequency (35-500 kHz) Operation • Programmable Short Circuit Protection • Hiccup Overcurrent Fault Recovery • Programmable Closed Loop Soft Start Wide-Input, Non-Synchronous Buck DC/DC Controller • 700 mV 1% Reference Voltage • External Synchronization • Small 8-Pin SOIC (D) and QFN (DRB) Packages A.4.
appendix A TPS7250 Micropower Low-Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator A.5.1 Features A.5.2 Applications A.5.4 Download Datasheet • Available in 5-V, 4.85-V, 3.3-V, 3.0-V, and 2.5-V Fixed-Output and Adjustable Versions • Dropout Voltage <85 mV Max at IO = 100 mA (TPS7250) • Low Quiescent Current, Independent of Load, 180 mA Typ • 8-Pin SOIC and 8-Pin TSSOP Package • Output Regulated to ±2% Over Full Operating Range for Fixed-Output Versions • Extremely Low Sleep-State Current, 0.
Transistors 2N3906, 2N3904, BS250 A.6.1 2N3906 Features A.6.3 2N3904 Features A.6.
DIODE 1N4448 Small Signal Diode Figure A.9: 1N4448 Small Signal Diode A.7.1 Features • Breakdown Voltage: VR = 100V @ IR = 100μA • Forward Voltage: VF = 620-720mV @ IF = 5mA • Reverse Leakage: IR = 25uA @ VR = 20V • Total Capacitance: CT = 4pF, VR = 0, f = 1MHz • Reverse Recovery Time: tRR = 4nS @ IF = 10mA, VR = 6.0V, RL = 100Ω A.7.2 Download Datasheet http://www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/1N/1N914.
Appendix B Introduction to Macromodels Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 83
appendix B Simulation models are very useful in the design phase of an electronic system. Before a system is actually built using real components, it is necessary to perform a ‘software breadboarding’ exercise through simulation to verify the functionality of the system and to measure its performance. If the system consists of several building blocks B1, B2, ..., Bn, the simulator requires a mathematical representation of each of these building blocks in order to predict the system performance.
Number of Varieties 1 Standard Linear Amplifier 240 2 Fully Differential Amplifier 28 3 Voltage Feedback 68 4 Current Feedback 47 5 Rail to Rail 14 6 JFET/CMOS 23 7 DSL/Power Line 19 8 Precision Amplifier 641 9 Low Power 144 10 High Speed Amplifier (≥50MHz) 182 11 Low Input Bias Current/FET Input 38 12 Low Noise 69 13 Wide Bandwidth 175 14 Low Offset Voltage 121 15 High Voltage 16 High Output Current 54 17 LCD Gamma Buffer 22 appendix B Characteristic Not
appendix B Notes on Appendix B: page 86 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Appendix C Activity Convert your PC/laptop into an Oscilloscope Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 87
appendix C C.1 Introduction In any analog lab, an oscilloscope is required to display waveforms at different points in the circuit under construction in order to verify circuit operation and, if necessary, redesign the circuit. High-end oscilloscopes are needed for measurements and characterization in labs. Today, solutions are available to students for converting a PC into an oscilloscope.
Appendix D Connection diagrams Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 89
appendix D OP AMP TYPE I - A - INVERTING OP AMP TYPE I - B - INVERTING HD21 R15 HD21 R15 R25 HD25 R25 HD25 R15 10K R15 10K 10K R25 10K R25 HD19 R14 HD19 C14 R14HD20 HD7 R24 HD7 R14 4K7 R14 1uF 4K7 C14 1uF R24 4K7 R24 HD17 R13 HD17 C13 R13HD18 HD6 R23 C23 HD5 R23 HD5 R13 2K2 R13 2K2 C13 C23 2K2 0.1uF R23 2K2 R23 HD15 R12 HD15 C12 R12HD16 HD4 R22 C22 R22 HD3 R12 1K R12 1K C22 1K 0.
OP AMP TYPE II - B - FULL HD41 R35 HD41 R35 R45 HD63 R45 HD63 R35 1K R35 1K 1K R45 1K R45 HD45 R34 HD45 R34 R44 HD65 R44 HD65 R34 2K2 R34 2K2 2K2 R44 2K2 R44 HD44 R33 C33 HD44 R43 HD57 R33 10K R33 0.01uF 10K R43 HD42 R32 C32 HD42 R42 HD56 R32 4K7 0.1uFR32 4K7 R42 HD40 R31 C31 HD40 R41 HD55 R31 1K 1uF R31 1K R41 HD43 R33 C33 10K HD47 R32 C32 4K7 HD46 R31 C33 C32 HD38 HD36 0.
appendix D OP AMP TYPE III - A - BASIC ANALOG MULTIPLIER - SET I VCC+10 HD70 HD69 C59 HD67 0.1uF +10V 2 OP3A IN- OPAMP3A 1 3 OP3A OUT OP3 OP3A IN+ C58 HD72 HD68 -10V 0.1uF VCC-10 HD75 VCC+10 VCC+10 HD90 GND VCC+10 VCC+10 C59 HD67 HD179 +10V +10V gain configuration Figure D.5: OP-Amp 3A can be used in unity 0.
VCC+10 VCC+10 0 89 HD89 88 HD88 87 HD87 VCC+10 VCC+10 HD106 HD106 +10V +10V C81C81 100nF 100nF HD93 HD93 GND GND OUT OUT Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 HD96 HD96 X1 X1 HD95 HD95 X2 X2 HD94 HD94 SF SF -10V -10V C82C82 100nF 100nF 2 2 4 4 5 5 HD92 HD92 Y1 Y1 HD91 HD91 Y2 Y2 6 6 7 7 X1 X1 +VS+VS X2 X2 NC NC NC NC OUT OUT 12 12 MPY634 MPY634Z1 Z1 11 11 Z2 Z2 Y1 Y1 NC NC Y2 Y2 -VS-VS C91C91 100nF 100nF 13 13 SF SF NC NC +10V +10V 14 14 10 10 HD103 HD103 OUT OUT HD101 HD101 Z1 Z1 HD100 HD100 Z2 Z2
appendix D DAC I VCC+5 HD137 JP3 CS VCC+5 DA1 CS A T1 IOUT1 C51 100nF DBA11 DBA10 DBA9 DBA8 DBA7 DBA6 DBA5 DBA4 DBA3 DBA2 DBA1 DBA0 DC/DC VOUT R51 10K DBA11 DBA10 DBA9 DBA8 DBA7 DBA6 DBA5 DBA4 DBA3 DBA2 DBA1 DBA0 HD144 IOUT2 HD153 HD151 1 2 3 DBA11 4 DBA10 5 DBA9 6 DBA8 7 DBA7 8 DBA6 9 DBA5 10 IOUT1 RFB IOUT2 VREF GND VDD DB11 R/W DB10 CS DB9 DAC7821 DB0 DB8 DB1 DB7 DB2 DB6 DB3 DB5 DB4 20 19 VCC+5 HD171 HD169 VREF HD184 17 16 CS A 15 DBA0 14 DBA1
HD138 C52 100nF RFB VREF R61 10K CS CS B T2 IOUT1 C61 100nF HD184 R/W R54 10k HD145 VCC+10 HD176 GND HD175 -10V IOUT2 HD154 HD152 1 2 3 DBB11 4 DBB10 5 DBB9 6 DBB8 7 DBB7 8 DBB6 9 DBB5 10 appendix D IOUT1 RFB IOUT2 VREF GND VDD DB11 R/W DB10 CS DB9 DAC7821 DB0 DB8 DB1 DB7 DB2 DB6 DB3 DB5 DB4 20 19 VCC+5 HD172 HD170 C62 100nF RFB VREF 18 HD185 17 16 CS B 15 DBB0 14 DBB1 13 DBB2 12 DBB3 11 DBB4 R/W R64 10k VCC+10 + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1
appendix D DC/DC CONVERTER VCC+10 TP1 HD122 JP9 VIN TP2 TP3 HD121 R201 100K C203 220nF RC 1 SS 2 COMP 3 R210 1M 4 C214 470nF U4 RC SS COMP FB VDD ISNS DRV GND 8 C205 R202 0.03 R203 1K 470pF 7 ISNS 6 DRV R204 GATE Q101 FDC5614P 3 0E 5 C208 100nF TP4 HD126 DRAIN C213 470pF C204 220nF R205 100K CN6 L201 VOUT 33uH C207 33pF TP6 HD124 FB C206 4.7nF TP8 HD123 C202 68pF R206 25.
HD118 appendix D LDO REGULATOR VOUT R101 247K 1 2 LD4 3 4 SENSE PG GND EN TPS7250 R4 4K7 IC1 OUT OUT IN IN GND C103 10uF 8 VOUT VCC+10 7 HD117 JP6 6 IN 5 C101 1uF VIN CN3 REG IN VIN C102 100nF GND HD116 JP7 ENABLE VIN 5.5 -10 V OUT OUT VOUT 5 V @250mA CN4 GND OFF ON Figure D.13: Connections for TP7250 low-dropout linear voltage regulator TRANSISTOR SOCKET (MOSFET) TRANSISTOR SOCKET (BJT) HD141B HD115B COLLECTOR DRAIN HD113B SOURCE Figure D.
appendix D DIODES TRIMMERS VCC+10 HD76B HD78B D2 D2A D2K HD77B HD79B D1 D1A D1K Figure D.16: Diode sockets POWER SUPPLY CN1 VCC+10 VCC+10 HD131 HD133 +10V -10V HD132 S1 P1 1K P2 1K HD134 S2 HD129 HD130 GND GND Figure D.17: Trimmer-potentiometers GENERAL PURPOSE AREA HD29 +10V HD28 +10V CN2 GND VCC-10 VCC-10 -10V VCC+10 VCC-10 HD27 -10V R1 6K8 LD1 R2 6K8 LD2 Figure D.18: Main power supply page 98 VCC-10 Figure D.19: General purpose area (2.
Bibliography List of references and related articles for further reading Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 99
Bibliography 1 of 2 [01] ADCPro (TM) - Analog to Digital Conversion Evaluation Software. Free. Available from http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/adcpro.html [02] F. Archibald. Automatic Level Controller for Speech Signals Using PID Controllers. Application Notes from Texas Instruments. Available from http://focus.ti.com/lit/wp/spraaj4/spraaj4.pdf [03] High-Performance Analog. Available from www.ti.
Bibliography 2 of 2 [17] K.R.K. Rao. Electronics for Analog Signal Processing - Part II. Frequency Compensation in Negative Feedback. Recorded lecture available through NPTEL. http://tinyurl.com/krkrao-nptel-lec16 and http://tinyurl.com/krkraonptel-lec17 [18] K.R.K. Rao. Electronics for Analog Signal Processing - Part II. Instrumentation Amplifier. Recorded lecture available through NPTEL. http://tinyurl.com/krkrao-nptel-lec11 [19] K.R.K. Rao. Electronics for Analog Signal Processing - Part II.
These materials are for academic and training usage: for teaching and learning purposes only. The materials are not warranted in any way for production use. Copyright © Texas Instruments 2012.
Analog System Lab Kit PRO MANUAL Authors K.R.K. Rao and C.P. Ravikumar Editor in Chief Zoran Ristić Assistant Editor Miodrag Veljković Cover Design Danijela Krajnović Graphic Design/DTP Aleksandar Nikolić Special Thanks to Harmanpreet Singh for his help in performing the additional experiments (Experiments 11-14) included in the new release of ASLK Pro. Publisher MikroElektronika Ltd. www.mikroe.com June 2012. Analog System Lab Kit PRO Manual ver. 1.
