Datasheet

© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39689F-page 31
PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 FAMILY
3.4 RC Oscillator
For timing insensitive applications, the RC and RCIO
Oscillator modes offer additional cost savings. The
actual oscillator frequency is a function of several
factors:
• supply voltage
• values of the external resistor (R
EXT) and
capacitor (C
EXT)
• operating temperature
Given the same device, operating voltage, temperature
and component values, there will also be unit-to-unit
frequency variations. These are due to factors such as:
• normal manufacturing variation
• difference in lead frame capacitance between
package types (especially for low C
EXT values)
• variations within the tolerance of limits of R
EXT
and C
EXT
In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency
divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal
may be used for test purposes or to synchronize other
logic. Figure 3-5 shows how the R/C combination is
connected.
FIGURE 3-5: RC OSCILLATOR MODE
The RCIO Oscillator mode (Figure 3-6) functions like
the RC mode, except that the OSC2 pin becomes an
additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin
becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6).
FIGURE 3-6: RCIO OSCILLATOR MODE
3.5 PLL Frequency Multiplier
A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an
option for users who wish to use a lower frequency
oscillator circuit or to clock the device up to its highest
rated frequency from a crystal oscillator. This may be
useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due
to high-frequency crystals or users who require higher
clock speeds from an internal oscillator.
3.5.1 HSPLL OSCILLATOR MODE
The HSPLL mode makes use of the HS mode oscillator
for frequencies up to 10 MHz. A PLL then multiplies the
oscillator output frequency by 4 to produce an internal
clock frequency up to 40 MHz. The PLLEN bit is not
available when this mode is configured as the primary
clock source.
The PLL is only available to the crystal oscillator when
the FOSC<3:0> Configuration bits are programmed for
HSPLL mode (= 0110).
FIGURE 3-7: HSPLL BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.5.2 PLL AND INTOSC
The PLL is also available to the internal oscillator block
when the internal oscillator block is configured as the
primary clock source. In this configuration, the PLL is
enabled in software and generates a clock output of up
to 32 MHz. The operation of INTOSC with the PLL is
described in Section 3.6.4 “PLL in INTOSC Modes”.
OSC2/CLKO
CEXT
REXT
PIC18FXXXX
OSC1
F
OSC/4
Internal
Clock
VDD
VSS
Recommended values: 3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ
20 pF ≤ C
EXT ≤ 300 pF
CEXT
REXT
PIC18FXXXX
OSC1
Internal
Clock
VDD
VSS
Recommended values: 3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ
20 pF ≤ C
EXT ≤ 300 pF
I/O (OSC2)
RA6
MUX
VCO
Loop
Filter
Crystal
Osc
OSC2
OSC1
PLL Enable
F
IN
FOUT
SYSCLK
Phase
Comparator
HS Oscillator Enable
÷4
(from Configuration Register 1H)
HS Mode