Datasheet

ManualsBrandsMICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY ManualsMicrocontrollers, Microprocessors & QuartzesEmbedded microcontroller SSOP 28 8-Bit 40 MHz I/O number 25

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

Table Of Contents

Power-Managed Modes:
Flexible Oscillator Structure:
Peripheral Highlights:
Peripheral Highlights (Continued):
Special Microcontroller Features:
Pin Diagrams
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
Table of Contents
Most Current Data Sheet
Errata
Customer Notification System
1.0 Device Overview
- 1.1 New Core Features
  - 1.1.1 nanoWatt Technology
  - 1.1.2 Multiple Oscillator Options and Features
- 1.2 Other Special Features
- 1.3 Details on Individual Family Members
2.0 Guidelines for Getting Started with PIC18F Microcontrollers
- 2.1 Basic Connection Requirements
  - FIGURE 2-1: Recommended Minimum connections
- 2.2 Power Supply Pins
  - 2.2.1 Decoupling Capacitors
  - 2.2.2 Tank Capacitors
- 2.3 Master Clear (MCLR) Pin
  - FIGURE 2-2: Example of MCLR Pin Connections
- 2.4 ICSP Pins
- 2.5 External Oscillator Pins
  - FIGURE 2-3: Suggested Placement of the Oscillator Circuit
- 2.6 Unused I/Os
3.0 Oscillator Configurations
- 3.1 Oscillator Types
- 3.2 Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators
- 3.3 External Clock Input
  - FIGURE 3-3: External Clock Input Operation (EC Configuration)
  - FIGURE 3-4: External Clock Input Operation (ECIO Configuration)
- 3.4 RC Oscillator
  - FIGURE 3-5: RC Oscillator Mode
  - FIGURE 3-6: RCIO Oscillator Mode
- 3.5 PLL Frequency Multiplier
  - 3.5.1 HSPLL Oscillator Mode
    - FIGURE 3-7: HSPLL Block Diagram
  - 3.5.2 PLL and INTOSC
- 3.6 Internal Oscillator Block
- 3.7 Clock Sources and Oscillator Switching
- 3.8 Effects of Power-Managed Modes on the Various Clock Sources
- 3.9 Power-up Delays
  - 3.9.1 Delays for Power-up and Return to Primary Clock
    - TABLE 3-3: OSC1 and OSC2 Pin States in Sleep Mode
4.0 Power-Managed Modes
- 4.1 Selecting Power-Managed Modes
- 4.2 Run Modes
- 4.3 Sleep Mode
- 4.4 Idle Modes
- 4.5 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes
5.0 Reset
- 5.1 RCON Register
  - FIGURE 5-1: Simplified Block Diagram of On-Chip Reset Circuit
  - Register 5-1: RCON: Reset Control Register
- 5.2 Master Clear (MCLR)
- 5.3 Power-on Reset (POR)
  - FIGURE 5-2: External Power-on Reset Circuit (for Slow Vdd Power-up)
- 5.4 Brown-out Reset (BOR)
- 5.5 Device Reset Timers
- 5.6 Reset State of Registers
  - TABLE 5-3: Status Bits, Their Significance and the Initialization Condition for RCON Register
  - TABLE 5-4: Initialization Conditions for All Registers
6.0 Memory Organization
- 6.1 Program Memory Organization
- 6.2 PIC18 Instruction Cycle
- 6.3 Data Memory Organization
- 6.4 Data Addressing Modes
- 6.5 Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set
- 6.6 PIC18 Instruction Execution and the Extended Instruction Set
  - FIGURE 6-9: Remapping the Access Bank with Indexed Literal Offset Addressing Mode
7.0 Flash Program Memory
- 7.1 Table Reads and Table Writes
  - FIGURE 7-1: Table Read Operation
  - FIGURE 7-2: Table Write Operation
- 7.2 Control Registers
- 7.3 Reading the Flash Program Memory
  - FIGURE 7-4: Reads From Flash Program Memory
  - EXAMPLE 7-1: Reading a Flash Program Memory Word
- 7.4 Erasing Flash Program Memory
  - 7.4.1 Flash Program Memory Erase Sequence
    - EXAMPLE 7-2: Erasing a Flash Program Memory Row
- 7.5 Writing to Flash Program Memory
- 7.6 Flash Program Operation During Code Protection
  - TABLE 7-2: Registers Associated with Program Flash Memory
8.0 Data EEPROM Memory
- 8.1 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers
  - Register 8-1: EECON1: Data EEPROM Control Register 1
- 8.2 Reading the Data EEPROM Memory
- 8.3 Writing to the Data EEPROM Memory
- 8.4 Write Verify
  - EXAMPLE 8-1: Data EEPROM Read
  - EXAMPLE 8-2: Data EEPROM Write
- 8.5 Operation During Code-Protect
- 8.6 Protection Against Spurious Write
- 8.7 Using the Data EEPROM
  - EXAMPLE 8-3: Data EEPROM Refresh Routine
  - TABLE 8-1: Registers Associated with Data EEPROM Memory
9.0 8 X 8 Hardware Multiplier
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Operation
10.0 Interrupts
- FIGURE 10-1: PIC18 Interrupt Logic
- 10.1 INTCON Registers
- 10.2 PIR Registers
  - Register 10-4: PIR1: Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) Register 1
  - Register 10-5: PIR2: Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) Register 2
- 10.3 PIE Registers
  - Register 10-6: PIE1: Peripheral Interrupt Enable Register 1
  - Register 10-7: PIE2: Peripheral Interrupt Enable Register 2
- 10.4 IPR Registers
  - Register 10-8: IPR1: Peripheral Interrupt Priority Register 1
  - Register 10-9: IPR2: Peripheral Interrupt Priority Register 2
- 10.5 RCON Register
  - Register 10-10: RCON: Reset Control Register
- 10.6 INTx Pin Interrupts
- 10.7 TMR0 Interrupt
- 10.8 PORTB Interrupt-on-Change
- 10.9 Context Saving During Interrupts
  - EXAMPLE 10-1: Saving STATUS, WREG and BSR Registers in RAM
11.0 I/O Ports
- FIGURE 11-1: Generic I/O Port Operation
- 11.1 PORTA, TRISA and LATA Registers
- 11.2 PORTB, TRISB and LATB Registers
- 11.3 PORTC, TRISC and LATC Registers
- 11.4 PORTD, TRISD and LATD Registers
- 11.5 PORTE, TRISE and LATE Registers
  - EXAMPLE 11-5: Initializing PORTE
  - 11.5.1 PORTE in 28-Pin Devices
- 11.6 Parallel Slave Port
12.0 Timer0 Module
- Register 12-1: T0CON: Timer0 Control Register
- 12.1 Timer0 Operation
- 12.2 Timer0 Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode
  - FIGURE 12-1: Timer0 Block Diagram (8-Bit Mode)
  - FIGURE 12-2: Timer0 Block Diagram (16-Bit Mode)
- 12.3 Prescaler
  - 12.3.1 Switching Prescaler Assignment
- 12.4 Timer0 Interrupt
  - TABLE 12-1: Registers Associated with Timer0
13.0 Timer1 Module
- Register 13-1: T1CON: Timer1 Control Register
- 13.1 Timer1 Operation
  - FIGURE 13-1: Timer1 Block Diagram
  - FIGURE 13-2: Timer1 Block Diagram (16-Bit Read/Write Mode)
- 13.2 Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
- 13.3 Timer1 Oscillator
- 13.4 Timer1 Interrupt
- 13.5 Resetting Timer1 Using the CCP Special Event Trigger
- 13.6 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock
  - EXAMPLE 13-1: Implementing a Real-Time Clock Using a Timer1 Interrupt Service
  - TABLE 13-2: Registers Associated with Timer1 as a Timer/Counter
14.0 Timer2 Module
- 14.1 Timer2 Operation
  - Register 14-1: T2CON: Timer2 Control Register
- 14.2 Timer2 Interrupt
- 14.3 Timer2 Output
  - FIGURE 14-1: Timer2 Block Diagram
  - TABLE 14-1: Registers Associated with Timer2 as a Timer/Counter
15.0 Timer3 Module
- Register 15-1: T3CON: Timer3 Control Register
- 15.1 Timer3 Operation
  - FIGURE 15-1: Timer3 Block Diagram (8-Bit Read/Write Mode)
  - FIGURE 15-2: Timer3 Block Diagram (16-Bit Read/Write Mode)
- 15.2 Timer3 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
- 15.3 Using the Timer1 Oscillator as the Timer3 Clock Source
- 15.4 Timer3 Interrupt
- 15.5 Resetting Timer3 Using the CCP Special Event Trigger
  - TABLE 15-1: Registers Associated with Timer3 as a Timer/Counter
16.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Modules
- Register 16-1: CCPxCON Register (CCP2 Module, CCP1 Module in 28-pin Devices)
- 16.1 CCP Module Configuration
  - 16.1.1 CCP Modules and Timer Resources
    - TABLE 16-1: CCP Mode – Timer Resources
  - 16.1.2 CCP2 Pin Assignment
    - TABLE 16-2: Interactions Between CCP1 and CCP2 for Timer Resources
- 16.2 Capture Mode
- 16.3 Compare Mode
- 16.4 PWM Mode
17.0 Enhanced Capture/ Compare/PWM (ECCP) Module
- Register 17-1: CCP1CON Register (ECCP1 Module, 40/44-pin Devices)
- 17.1 ECCP Outputs and Configuration
  - 17.1.1 ECCP Modules and Timer Resources
- 17.2 Capture and Compare Modes
  - 17.2.1 Special Event Trigger
- 17.3 Standard PWM Mode
  - TABLE 17-1: Pin Assignments for Various ECCP1 Modes
- 17.4 Enhanced PWM Mode
18.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module
- 18.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module Overview
- 18.2 Control Registers
- 18.3 SPI Mode
- 18.4 I2C Mode
19.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART)
- Register 19-1: TXSTA: Transmit Status And Control Register
- Register 19-2: RCSTA: Receive Status And Control Register
- Register 19-3: BAUDCON: Baud Rate Control Register
- 19.1 Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
- 19.2 EUSART Asynchronous Mode
- 19.3 EUSART Synchronous Master Mode
  - 19.3.1 EUSART Synchronous Master Transmission
  - 19.3.2 EUSART Synchronous Master Reception
    - FIGURE 19-13: Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN)
    - TABLE 19-8: Registers Associated with Synchronous Master Reception
- 19.4 EUSART Synchronous Slave Mode
  - 19.4.1 EUSART Synchronous Slave Transmission
    - TABLE 19-9: Registers Associated with Synchronous Slave Transmission
  - 19.4.2 EUSART Synchronous Slave Reception
    - TABLE 19-10: Registers Associated with Synchronous Slave Reception
20.0 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module
- Register 20-1: ADCON0: A/D Control Register 0
- Register 20-2: ADCON1: A/D Control Register 1
- Register 20-3: ADCON2: A/D Control Register 2
- FIGURE 20-1: A/D Block Diagram
- FIGURE 20-2: A/D Transfer Function
- FIGURE 20-3: Analog Input Model
- 20.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements
- 20.2 Selecting and Configuring Acquisition Time
- 20.3 Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock
  - TABLE 20-1: Tad vs. Device Operating Frequencies
- 20.4 Operation in Power-Managed Modes
- 20.5 Configuring Analog Port Pins
- 20.6 A/D Conversions
- 20.7 Discharge
  - FIGURE 20-4: A/D Conversion Tad Cycles (ACQT<2:0> = 000, Tacq = 0)
  - FIGURE 20-5: A/D Conversion Tad Cycles (ACQT<2:0> = 010, Tacq = 4 Tad)
- 20.8 Use of the CCP2 Trigger
  - TABLE 20-2: Registers Associated with A/D Operation
21.0 Comparator Module
- Register 21-1: CMCON: Comparator Control Register
- 21.1 Comparator Configuration
  - FIGURE 21-1: Comparator I/O Operating Modes
- 21.2 Comparator Operation
- 21.3 Comparator Reference
- 21.4 Comparator Response Time
- 21.5 Comparator Outputs
  - FIGURE 21-3: Comparator Output Block Diagram
- 21.6 Comparator Interrupts
- 21.7 Comparator Operation During Sleep
- 21.8 Effects of a Reset
- 21.9 Analog Input Connection Considerations
  - FIGURE 21-4: Comparator Analog Input Model
  - TABLE 21-1: Registers Associated with Comparator Module
22.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module
- 22.1 Configuring the Comparator Voltage Reference
  - Register 22-1: CVRCON: Comparator Voltage Reference Control Register
  - FIGURE 22-1: Comparator Voltage Reference Block Diagram
- 22.2 Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error
- 22.3 Operation During Sleep
- 22.4 Effects of a Reset
- 22.5 Connection Considerations
  - FIGURE 22-2: Comparator Voltage Reference Output Buffer Example
  - TABLE 22-1: Registers Associated with Comparator Voltage Reference
23.0 High/Low-Voltage Detect (HLVD)
- Register 23-1: HLVDCON: High/Low-Voltage Detect Control Register
- 23.1 Operation
  - FIGURE 23-1: HLVD Module Block Diagram (with External Input)
- 23.2 HLVD Setup
- 23.3 Current Consumption
- 23.4 HLVD Start-up Time
  - FIGURE 23-2: Low-Voltage Detect Operation (VDIRMAG = 0)
  - FIGURE 23-3: High-Voltage Detect Operation (VDIRMAG = 1)
- 23.5 Applications
  - FIGURE 23-4: Typical Low-Voltage Detect Application
- 23.6 Operation During Sleep
- 23.7 Effects of a Reset
  - TABLE 23-1: Registers Associated with High/Low-Voltage Detect Module
24.0 Special Features of the CPU
- 24.1 Configuration Bits
- 24.2 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
  - 24.2.1 Control Register
- 24.3 Two-Speed Start-up
  - 24.3.1 Special Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up
    - FIGURE 24-2: Timing Transition for Two-Speed Start-up (INTOSC to HSPLL)
- 24.4 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
- 24.5 Program Verification and Code Protection
- 24.6 ID Locations
- 24.7 In-Circuit Serial Programming
- 24.8 In-Circuit Debugger
  - TABLE 24-4: Debugger Resources
- 24.9 Single-Supply ICSP Programming
25.0 Instruction Set Summary
- 25.1 Standard Instruction Set
- 25.2 Extended Instruction Set
- 26.0 Development Support
27.0 Electrical Characteristics
- Absolute Maximum Ratings(†)
- 27.1 DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial) PIC18LF2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial)
- 27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial) PIC18LF2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial)
- 27.3 DC Characteristics: PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial) PIC18LF2221/2321/4221/4321 (Industrial)
- 27.4 AC (Timing) Characteristics
28.0 Packaging Information
- 28.1 Package Marking Information
- 28.1 Package Marking Information (Continued)
Appendix A: Revision History
- Revision A (July 2005)
- Revision B (August 2006)
- Revision C (October 2006)
- Revision D (January 2007)
- Revision E (February 2007)
- Revision F (September 2009)
Appendix B: Device Differences
- TABLE B-1: Device Differences
Appendix C: Conversion Considerations
Appendix D: Migration from Baseline to Enhanced Devices
Appendix E: Migration From Mid-Range to Enhanced Devices
Appendix F: Migration From High-End to Enhanced Devices
INDEX
The Microchip Web Site
Customer Change Notification Service
Customer Support
Reader Response
PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 Product Identification System
Worldwide Sales and Service

PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 FAMILY

FIGURE 18-23: I

C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDA

SCL

SSPIF

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

SEN

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK

= ‘0’ D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0

ACK

Transmitting Data or Second Half

R/W = 0Transmit Address to Slave

123456789 123456789

Cleared in software service routine

SSPBUF is written in software

from MSSP interrupt

After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware

SSPBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W

start transmit

SCL held low

while CPU

responds to SSPIF

SEN = 0

of 10-bit Address

Write SSPCON2<0> SEN = 1

Start condition begins

From slave, clear ACKSTAT bit SSPCON2<6>

ACKSTAT in

SSPCON2 = 1

Cleared in software

SSPBUF written

PEN

R/W

Cleared in software