PIC16(L)F1826/27 Data Sheet 18/20/28-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 18/20/28-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology High-Performance RISC CPU: • C Compiler Optimized Architecture • 256 bytes Data EEPROM • Up to 8 Kbytes Linear Program Memory Addressing • Up to 384 bytes Linear Data Memory Addressing • Interrupt Capability with Automatic Context Saving • 16-Level Deep Hardware Stack with Optional Overflow/Underflow Reset • Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes: - Two full 16-bit File Select Registers (FSRs) - FSRs can read program a
PIC16(L)F1826/27 I/O’s(1) 10-bit ADC (ch) CapSense (ch) Comparators Timers (8/16-bit) EUSART MSSP ECCP (Full-Bridge) ECCP (Half-Bridge) CCP SR Latch 256 256 256 256 16 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 2 2 2 2 2/1 2/1 4/1 4/1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 — — 1 1 — — 2 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Data Memory SRAM (bytes) Words Device Program Memory Data EEPROM (bytes) PIC16(L)F1826/27 Family Types PIC16LF1826 2K 256 PIC16F1826 2K 256 PIC16LF1827 4K 384 PIC16F1827 4K 384 Note 1: One pin is input
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Pin Diagram – 28-Pin QFN/UQFN (PIC16(L)F1826/27) NC RA1 RA0 RA2 23 22 24 25 28 27 26 NC RA4 RA3 QFN/UQFN 1 NC VSS 2 3 20 19 NC 4 PIC16(L)F1826/27 NC 5 6 7 18 17 16 15 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
18-Pin PDIP/SOIC 20-Pin SSOP 28-Pin QFN/UQFN ANSEL A/D Reference Cap Sense Comparator SR Latch Timers CCP EUSART MSSP Interrupt Modulator Pull-up Basic 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Table of Contents 1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.0 Enhanced Mid-Range CPU ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 3.0 Memory Organization .............................................................................
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PIC16(L)F1826/27 1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW The PIC16(L)F1826/27 are described within this data sheet. They are available in 18/20/28-pin packages. Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the PIC16(L)F1826/27 devices. Table 1-2 shows the pinout descriptions. Reference Table 1-1 for peripherals available per device.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 1-1: PIC16(L)F1826/27 BLOCK DIAGRAM Program Flash Memory CLKR EEPROM RAM Clock Reference Timing OSC2/CLKOUT Generation OSC1/CLKIN PORTA CPU INTRC Oscillator (Figure 2-1) PORTB MCLR SR Latch ADC 10-Bit Timer0 Timer1 Timer2Types DAC Comparators ECCPx CCPx MSSPx Modulator EUSART FVR CapSense Note 1: 2: DS41391D-page 10 See applicable chapters for more information on peripherals. See Table 1-1 for peripherals available on specific devices.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 1-2: PIC16(L)F1826/27 PINOUT DESCRIPTION Name RA0/AN0/CPS0/C12IN0-/ SDO2(2) RA1/AN1/CPS1/C12IN1-/SS2(2) RA2/AN2/CPS2/C12IN2-/ C12IN+/VREF-/DACOUT RA3/AN3/CPS3/C12IN3-/C1IN+/ VREF+/C1OUT/CCP3(2)/SRQ RA4/AN4/CPS4/C2OUT/T0CKI/ CCP4(2)/SRNQ RA5/MCLR/VPP/SS1(1,2) Function Input Type RA0 TTL AN0 AN Output Type Description CMOS General purpose I/O. — A/D Channel 0 input. CPS0 AN — Capacitive sensing input 0. C12IN0- AN — Comparator C1 or C2 negative input.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 1-2: PIC16(L)F1826/27 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED) Name RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT/CLKR/ P1D(1)/P2B(1,2)/SDO1(1) RA7/OSC1/CLKIN/P1C(1)/ CCP2(1,2)/P2A(1,2) (1) (1) RB0/T1G/CCP1 /P1A /INT/ SRI/FLT0 RB1/AN11/CPS11/RX(1,3)/ DT(1,3)/SDA1/SDI1 RB2/AN10/CPS10/MDMIN/ TX(1,3)/CK(1,3)/RX(1)/DT(1)/ SDA2(2)/SDI2(2)/SDO1(1,3) Function Input Type RA6 TTL Output Type Description CMOS General purpose I/O. OSC2 — CLKOUT — CMOS FOSC/4 output. XTAL Crystal/Resonator (LP, XT, HS modes).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 1-2: PIC16(L)F1826/27 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED) Name RB3/AN9/CPS9/MDOUT/ CCP1(1,3)/P1A(1,3) RB4/AN8/CPS8/SCL1/SCK1/ MDCIN2 Function Input Type RB3 TTL RB6/AN5/CPS5/T1CKI/T1OSI/ P1C(1,3)/CCP2(1,2,3)/P2A(1,2,3)/ ICSPCLK RB7/AN6/CPS6/T1OSO/ P1D(1,3)/P2B(1,2,3)/MDCIN1/ ICSPDAT Description CMOS General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. Individually enabled pull-up. AN9 AN — A/D Channel 9 input. CPS9 AN — Capacitive sensing input 9.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 1-2: PIC16(L)F1826/27 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED) Function Input Type Output Type VDD VDD Power — Positive supply. VSS VSS Power — Ground reference.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 2.0 ENHANCED MID-RANGE CPU This family of devices contain an enhanced mid-range 8-bit CPU core. The CPU has 49 instructions. Interrupt capability includes automatic context saving. The hardware stack is 16 levels deep and has Overflow and Underflow Reset capability. Direct, Indirect, and Relative addressing modes are available. Two File Select Registers (FSRs) provide the ability to read program and data memory.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 2-1: CORE BLOCK DIAGRAM 15 Configuration 15 MUX Flash Program Memory Program Bus 16-Level 8 Level Stack Stack (13-bit) (15-bit) 14 Instruction Instruction Reg reg 8 Data Bus Program Counter RAM Program Memory Read (PMR) 12 RAM Addr Addr MUX Direct Addr 7 5 Indirect Addr 12 12 BSR FSR Reg reg 15 FSR0reg Reg FSR FSR1 Reg FSR reg 15 STATUS Reg reg STATUS 8 3 Power-up Timer OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT Instruction Decodeand & Decode Control Timing Generation Oscilla
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION There are three types of memory in PIC16(L)F1826/27: Data Memory, Program Memory and Data EEPROM Memory(1). • Program Memory • Data Memory - Core Registers - Special Function Registers - General Purpose RAM - Common RAM - Device Memory Maps - Special Function Registers Summary • Data EEPROM memory(1) The following features are associated with access and control of program memory and data memory: • PCL and PCLATH • Stack • Indirect Addressing 3.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 3-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR PIC16(L)F1826 FIGURE 3-2: PC<14:0> CALL, CALLW RETURN, RETLW Interrupt, RETFIE On-chip Program Memory PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR PIC16(L)F1827 PC<14:0> CALL, CALLW RETURN, RETLW Interrupt, RETFIE 15 15 Stack Level 0 Stack Level 1 Stack Level 0 Stack Level 1 Stack Level 15 Stack Level 15 Reset Vector 0000h Reset Vector 0000h Interrupt Vector 0004h 0005h Interrupt Vector 0004h 0005h Page 0 Rollover to Page 0 Wraps to Page
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.1.1 READING PROGRAM MEMORY AS DATA There are two methods of accessing constants in program memory. The first method is to use tables of RETLW instructions. The second method is to set an FSR to point to the program memory. 3.1.1.1 RETLW Instruction The RETLW instruction can be used to provide access to tables of constants. The recommended way to create such a table is shown in Example 3-1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.1.1.2 Indirect Read with FSR The program memory can be accessed as data by setting bit 7 of the FSRxH register and reading the matching INDFx register. The MOVIW instruction will place the lower 8 bits of the addressed word in the W register. Writes to the program memory cannot be performed via the INDF registers. Instructions that access the program memory via the FSR require one extra instruction cycle to complete. Example 3-2 demonstrates accessing the program memory via an FSR.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.2.1.1 STATUS Register The STATUS register, shown in Register 3-1, contains: • the arithmetic status of the ALU • the Reset status The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, like any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER The Special Function Registers are registers used by the application to control the desired operation of peripheral functions in the device. The Special Function Registers occupy the 20 bytes after the core registers of every data memory bank (addresses x0Ch/x8Ch through x1Fh/x9Fh). The registers associated with the operation of the peripherals are described in the appropriate peripheral chapter of this data sheet. 3.2.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 MEMORY MAP (CONTINUED) BANK 8 400h BANK 9 480h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 40Bh BANK 10 500h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 48Bh BANK 11 580h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 50Bh BANK 12 600h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 58Bh BANK 13 680h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 60Bh BANK 14 700h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 68Bh BANK 15 780h Core Registers (Table 3-2) 70Bh Core Registers (Table 3-2) 78Bh 40Ch 40Dh 40Eh 40Fh 410h 411h 412h 413h 414h — — — — — — — — — 48Ch 48Dh 48Eh 48Fh 490h 491h 49
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-4: PIC16(L)F1826/27 MEMORY MAP (CONTINUED) Bank 31 F80h Core Registers (Table 3-2) F8Bh F8Ch Unimplemented Read as ‘0’ FE3h FE4h FE5h FE6h FE7h FE8h FE9h FEAh FEBh FECh FEDh FEEh FEFh FF0h FFFh STATUS_SHAD WREG_SHAD BSR_SHAD PCLATH_SHAD FSR0L_SHAD FSR0H_SHAD FSR1L_SHAD FSR1H_SHAD — STKPTR TOSL TOSH Common RAM (Accesses 70h – 7Fh) = Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’, DS41391D-page 26 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.2.6 CORE FUNCTION REGISTERS SUMMARY The Core Function registers listed in Table 3-5 can be addressed from any Bank.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Bank 0 00Ch PORTA RA7 RA6 RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00Dh PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00Eh — Unimplemented — — 00Fh — Unimplemented — — 010h — Unimplemented — — 011h PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF RCIF TXIF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF 012h PIR2 TMR1IF 0000
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address Name SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Bank 2 10Ch LATA LATA7 LATA6 — LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 xx-x xxxx uu-u uuuu 10Dh LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu 10Eh — Unimplemented — — 10Fh — Unimplemented — — 110h — Unimplemented — — 111h CM1CON0 C1ON C1OUT C1OE C1POL — 112h
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Bank 4 20Ch WPUA — — WPUA5 — — — — — --1- ---- --1- ---- 20Dh WPUB WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 WPUB3 WPUB2 WPUB1 WPUB0 1111 1111 1111 1111 20Eh — Unimplemented — — 20Fh — Unimplemented — — 210h — Unimplemented — — 211h SSP1BUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Bank 6 30Ch — Unimplemented — — 30Dh — Unimplemented — — 30Eh — Unimplemented — — 30Fh — Unimplemented — — 310h — Unimplemented — — 311h CCPR3L(1) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 (LSB) 312h CCPR3H(1) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 (MSB) 313h CCP3CON(1) 314h — Unimplemented — — 315h
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address Name SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Bank 8 40Ch — Unimplemented — — 40Dh — Unimplemented — — 40Eh — Unimplemented — — 40Fh — Unimplemented — — 410h — Unimplemented — — 411h — Unimplemented — — 412h — Unimplemented — — 413h — Unimplemented — — 414h — Unimplemented — — 415h TMR4(1) Timer4 Module Register 416h
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address Name SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bank 9 48Ch — 49Fh — Bank
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address Name SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Unimplemented — — Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bank 23 B8Ch — BEFh — Bank 24 C0Ch — C6Fh — Bank 25 C8Ch — CEFh — Bank 26 D0Ch — D6Fh — Bank 27 D8Ch — DEFh — Bank 28 E0Ch — E6Fh — Bank 29 E
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 3-6: Address SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets — — Bank 31 F8Ch — FE3h FE4h — Unimplemented STATUS_ — — — — — Z_SHAD SHAD FE5h WREG_ Working Register Shadow DC_ SHAD C_SHAD ---- -xxx ---- -uuu 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SHAD FE6h BSR_ — — — Bank Select Register Shadow ---x xxxx ---u uuuu SHAD FE7h PCLATH_ — Program Counter Latch High Register
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.3 3.3.3 PCL and PCLATH COMPUTED FUNCTION CALLS The Program Counter (PC) is 15 bits wide. The low byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and writable register. The high byte (PC<14:8>) is not directly readable or writable and comes from PCLATH. On any Reset, the PC is cleared. Figure 3-4 shows the five situations for the loading of the PC.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.4 3.4.1 Stack The stack is available through the TOSH, TOSL and STKPTR registers. STKPTR is the current value of the Stack Pointer. TOSH:TOSL register pair points to the TOP of the stack. Both registers are read/writable. TOS is split into TOSH and TOSL due to the 15-bit size of the PC. To access the stack, adjust the value of STKPTR, which will position TOSH:TOSL, then read/write to TOSH:TOSL. STKPTR is 5 bits to allow detection of overflow and underflow.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 3-6: ACCESSING THE STACK EXAMPLE 2 0x0F 0x0E 0x0D 0x0C 0x0B 0x0A This figure shows the stack configuration after the first CALL or a single interrupt. If a RETURN instruction is executed, the return address will be placed in the Program Counter and the Stack Pointer decremented to the empty state (0x1F).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 3-8: ACCESSING THE STACK EXAMPLE 4 TOSH:TOSL 3.4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 3-9: INDIRECT ADDRESSING 0x0000 0x0000 Traditional Data Memory 0x0FFF 0x1000 0x1FFF 0x0FFF Reserved 0x2000 Linear Data Memory 0x29AF 0x29B0 FSR Address Range 0x7FFF 0x8000 Reserved 0x0000 Program Flash Memory 0xFFFF Note: 0x7FFF Not all memory regions are completely implemented. Consult device memory tables for memory limits. DS41391D-page 40 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.5.1 TRADITIONAL DATA MEMORY The traditional data memory is a region from FSR address 0x000 to FSR address 0xFFF. The addresses correspond to the absolute addresses of all SFR, GPR and common registers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 3.5.2 3.5.3 LINEAR DATA MEMORY The linear data memory is the region from FSR address 0x2000 to FSR address 0x29AF. This region is a virtual region that points back to the 80-byte blocks of GPR memory in all the banks. Unimplemented memory reads as 0x00. Use of the linear data memory region allows buffers to be larger than 80 bytes because incrementing the FSR beyond one bank will go directly to the GPR memory of the next bank.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 4.0 DEVICE CONFIGURATION Device Configuration consists of Configuration Word 1 and Configuration Word 2, Code Protection and Device ID. 4.1 Configuration Words There are several Configuration Word bits that allow different oscillator and memory protection options. These are implemented as Configuration Word 1 at 8007h and Configuration Word 2 at 8008h. Note: The DEBUG bit in Configuration Word is managed automatically by device development tools including debuggers and programmers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 4-1: CONFIGURATION WORD 1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 FCMEN IESO CLKOUTEN R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1/1 BOREN<1:0> CPD bit 13 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 CP MCLRE PWRTE bit 8 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 WDTE<1:0> R/P-1 R/P-1 FOSC<2:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘1’ ‘0’ = Bit is cleared ‘1’ = Bit is set -n = Value when blank or after Bulk Erase bit 13 FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit 1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enab
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 4-1: bit 2-0 CONFIGURATION WORD 1 (CONTINUED) FOSC<2:0>: Oscillator Selection bits 111 = ECH: External Clock, High-Power mode (4-20 MHz): device clock supplied to CLKIN pin 110 = ECM: External Clock, Medium-Power mode (0.5-4 MHz): device clock supplied to CLKIN pin 101 = ECL: External Clock, Low-Power mode (0-0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 4-2: CONFIGURATION WORD 2 R/P-1 (1) LVP R/P-1 DEBUG (2) U-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1/1 — BORV STVREN PLLEN bit 13 bit 8 U-1 U-1 U-1 R/P-1/1 U-1 U-1 — — — Reserved — — R/P-1 R/P-1 WRT<1:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘1’ ‘0’ = Bit is cleared ‘1’ = Bit is set -n = Value when blank or after Bulk Erase bit 13 LVP: Low-Voltage Programming Enable bit 1 = Low-voltage programming enabled 0 = High-v
PIC16(L)F1826/27 4.2 Code Protection Code protection allows the device to be protected from unauthorized access. Program memory protection and data EEPROM protection are controlled independently. Internal access to the program memory and data EEPROM are unaffected by any code protection setting. 4.2.1 PROGRAM MEMORY PROTECTION The entire program memory space is protected from external reads and writes by the CP bit in Configuration Word 1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 4.5 Device ID and Revision ID The memory location 8006h is where the Device ID and Revision ID are stored. The upper nine bits hold the Device ID. The lower five bits hold the Revision ID. See Section 11.5 “User ID, Device ID and Configuration Word Access” for more information on accessing these memory locations. Development tools, such as device programmers and debuggers, may be used to read the Device ID and Revision ID. DS41391D-page 48 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 4-3: DEVICEID: DEVICE ID REGISTER(1) R R R R R R DEV<8:3> bit 13 R R bit 8 R R R DEV<2:0> R R R REV<4:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘1’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared P = Programmable bit bit 13-5 DEV<8:0>: Device ID bits DEVICEID<13:0> Values Device bit 4-0 DEV<8:0> REV<4:0> PIC16F1826 10 0
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 50 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.0 OSCILLATOR MODULE (WITH FAIL-SAFE CLOCK MONITOR) 5.1 Overview The oscillator module has a wide variety of clock sources and selection features that allow it to be used in a wide range of applications while maximizing performance and minimizing power consumption. Figure 5-1 illustrates a block diagram of the oscillator module. Clock sources can be supplied from external oscillators, quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuits.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 SIMPLIFIED PIC® MCU CLOCK SOURCE BLOCK DIAGRAM FIGURE 5-1: External Oscillator LP, XT, HS, RC, EC OSC2 Sleep 4 x PLL Oscillator Timer1 FOSC<2:0> = 100 T1OSO IRCF<3:0> HFPLL 500 kHz Source 16 MHz (HFINTOSC) Postscaler Internal Oscillator Block 500 kHz (MFINTOSC) 31 kHz Source 31 kHz 31 kHz (LFINTOSC) DS41391D-page 52 16 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 2 MHz 1 MHz 500 kHz 250 kHz 125 kHz 62.5 kHz 31.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.2 Clock Source Types Clock sources can be classified as external or internal. External clock sources rely on external circuitry for the clock source to function. Examples are: oscillator modules (EC mode), quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS modes) and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) mode circuits. Internal clock sources are contained internally within the oscillator module.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 5-3: QUARTZ CRYSTAL OPERATION (LP, XT OR HS MODE) FIGURE 5-4: CERAMIC RESONATOR OPERATION (XT OR HS MODE) PIC® MCU PIC® MCU OSC1/CLKIN C1 Note 1: 2: C1 To Internal Logic Quartz Crystal C2 OSC1/CLKIN RS(1) RF(2) Sleep RP(3) OSC2/CLKOUT A series resistor (RS) may be required for quartz crystals with low drive level. 2: Always verify oscillator performance over the VDD and temperature range that is expected for the application.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.2.1.5 5.2.1.6 TIMER1 Oscillator External RC Mode The Timer1 Oscillator is a separate crystal oscillator that is associated with the Timer1 peripheral. It is optimized for timekeeping operations with a 32.768 kHz crystal connected between the T1OSO and T1OSI device pins. The external Resistor-Capacitor (RC) modes support the use of an external RC circuit.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.2.2 INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCES The device may be configured to use the internal oscillator block as the system clock by performing one of the following actions: • Program the FOSC<2:0> bits in Configuration Word 1 to select the INTOSC clock source, which will be used as the default system clock upon a device Reset. • Write the SCS<1:0> bits in the OSCCON register to switch the system clock source to the internal oscillator during run-time. See Section 5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.2.2.3 Internal Oscillator Frequency Adjustment The 500 kHz internal oscillator is factory calibrated. This internal oscillator can be adjusted in software by writing to the OSCTUNE register (Register 5-3). Since the HFINTOSC and MFINTOSC clock sources are derived from the 500 kHz internal oscillator a change in the OSCTUNE register value will apply to both. The default value of the OSCTUNE register is ‘0’. The value is a 6-bit two’s complement number.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.2.2.6 32 MHz Internal Oscillator Frequency Selection The Internal Oscillator Block can be used with the 4X PLL associated with the External Oscillator Block to produce a 32 MHz internal system clock source. The following settings are required to use the 32 MHz internal clock source: • The FOSC bits in Configuration Word 1 must be set to use the INTOSC source as the device system clock (FOSC<2:0> = 100).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 5-7: HFINTOSC/ MFINTOSC INTERNAL OSCILLATOR SWITCH TIMING LFINTOSC (FSCM and WDT disabled) HFINTOSC/ MFINTOSC Start-up Time 2-cycle Sync Running LFINTOSC IRCF <3:0> 0 0 System Clock HFINTOSC/ MFINTOSC LFINTOSC (Either FSCM or WDT enabled) HFINTOSC/ MFINTOSC 2-cycle Sync Running LFINTOSC 0 IRCF <3:0> 0 System Clock LFINTOSC HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC LFINTOSC turns off unless WDT or FSCM is enabled LFINTOSC Start-up Time 2-cycle Sync Running HFINTOSC/ MFINTO
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.3 Clock Switching 5.3.3 TIMER1 OSCILLATOR The system clock source can be switched between external and internal clock sources via software using the System Clock Select (SCS) bits of the OSCCON register. The following clock sources can be selected using the SCS bits: The Timer1 Oscillator is a separate crystal oscillator associated with the Timer1 peripheral. It is optimized for timekeeping operations with a 32.768 kHz crystal connected between the T1OSO and T1OSI device pins.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.4 5.4.1 Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode Two-Speed Start-up mode provides additional power savings by minimizing the latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution. In applications that make heavy use of the Sleep mode, Two-Speed Start-up will remove the external oscillator start-up time from the time spent awake and can reduce the overall power consumption of the device.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.4.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. TWO-SPEED START-UP SEQUENCE 5.4.3 Wake-up from Power-on Reset or Sleep. Instructions begin execution by the internal oscillator at the frequency set in the IRCF<3:0> bits of the OSCCON register. OST enabled to count 1024 clock cycles. OST timed out, wait for falling edge of the internal oscillator. OSTS is set. System clock held low until the next falling edge of new clock (LP, XT or HS mode). System clock is switched to external clock source.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.5 5.5.3 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the device to continue operating should the external oscillator fail. The FSCM can detect oscillator failure any time after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The FSCM is enabled by setting the FCMEN bit in the Configuration Word 1. The FSCM is applicable to all external Oscillator modes (LP, XT, HS, EC, Timer1 Oscillator and RC).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 5-10: FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM Sample Clock Oscillator Failure System Clock Output Clock Monitor Output (Q) Failure Detected OSCFIF Test Note: DS41391D-page 64 Test Test The system clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in this example have been chosen for clarity. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 5-2: OSCSTAT: OSCILLATOR STATUS REGISTER R-1/q R-0/q R-q/q R-0/q R-0/q R-q/q R-0/0 R-0/q T1OSCR PLLR OSTS HFIOFR HFIOFL MFIOFR LFIOFR HFIOFS bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared q = Conditional bit 7 T1OSCR: Timer1 Oscillator Ready bit If T1OSCEN = 1: 1 = Timer1 oscillato
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 5-3: OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER U-0 U-0 — — R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 TUN<5:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-0 TUN<5:0>: Frequency Tuning bits 011111 = Maximum frequency 011110 = • • • 000001 = 000
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 68 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 6.0 REFERENCE CLOCK MODULE 6.3 Conflicts with the CLKR Pin The reference clock module provides the ability to send a divided clock to the clock output pin of the device (CLKR) and provide a secondary internal clock source to the modulator module. This module is available in all oscillator configurations and allows the user to select a greater range of clock submultiples to drive external devices in the application.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 6.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH REFERENCE CLOCK SOURCES Name CLKRCON Legend: Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 CLKREN CLKROE CLKRSLR CLKRDC1 CLKRDC0 CLKRDIV2 CONFIG1 Legend: Bit 0 CLKRDIV1 CLKRDIV0 Register on Page 70 — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by reference clock sources.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 72 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 7.0 RESETS There are multiple ways to reset this device: • • • • • • • • Power-on Reset (POR) Brown-out Reset (BOR) MCLR Reset WDT Reset RESET instruction Stack Overflow Stack Underflow Programming mode exit To allow VDD to stabilize, an optional power-up timer can be enabled to extend the Reset time after a BOR or POR event. A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit is shown in Figure 7-1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 7.1 Power-on Reset (POR) 7.2 Brown-Out Reset (BOR) The POR circuit holds the device in Reset until VDD has reached an acceptable level for minimum operation. Slow rising VDD, fast operating speeds or analog performance may require greater than minimum VDD. The PWRT, BOR or MCLR features can be used to extend the start-up period until all device operation conditions have been met. The BOR circuit holds the device in Reset when Vdd reaches a selectable minimum level.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 7-2: BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS VDD VBOR Internal Reset TPWRT(1) VDD VBOR Internal Reset < TPWRT TPWRT(1) VDD VBOR Internal Reset Note 1: TPWRT(1) TPWRT delay only if PWRTE bit is programmed to ‘0’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 7.3 MCLR 7.7 The MCLR is an optional external input that can reset the device. The MCLR function is controlled by the MCLRE bit of Configuration Word 1 and the LVP bit of Configuration Word 2 (Table 7-2). TABLE 7-2: MCLR CONFIGURATION MCLRE LVP MCLR 0 0 Disabled 1 0 Enabled x 1 Enabled 7.3.1 MCLR ENABLED When MCLR is enabled and the pin is held low, the device is held in Reset. The MCLR pin is connected to VDD through an internal weak pull-up.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 7-3: RESET START-UP SEQUENCE VDD Internal POR TPWRT Power-Up Timer MCLR TMCLR Internal RESET Oscillator Modes External Crystal TOST Oscillator Start-Up Timer Oscillator FOSC Internal Oscillator Oscillator FOSC External Clock (EC) CLKIN FOSC 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 7.10 Determining the Cause of a Reset Upon any Reset, multiple bits in the STATUS and PCON register are updated to indicate the cause of the Reset. Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 show the Reset conditions of these registers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 7.11 Power Control (PCON) Register The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits to differentiate between a: • • • • • • Power-on Reset (POR) Brown-out Reset (BOR) Reset Instruction Reset (RI) MCLR Reset (RMCLR) Stack Underflow Reset (STKUNF) Stack Overflow Reset (STKOVF) The PCON register bits are shown in Register 7-2.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 7-5: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESETS Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page BORCON SBOREN — — — — — — BORRDY 75 PCON STKOVF STKUNF — — RMCLR RI POR BOR 79 STATUS — — — TO PD Z DC C 21 WDTCON — — WDTPS4 WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 SWDTEN 99 Legend: — = unimplemented bit, reads as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Resets.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.0 INTERRUPTS The interrupt feature allows certain events to preempt normal program flow. Firmware is used to determine the source of the interrupt and act accordingly. Some interrupts can be configured to wake the MCU from Sleep mode. This chapter contains the following information for Interrupts: • • • • • Operation Interrupt Latency Interrupts During Sleep INT Pin Automatic Context Saving Many peripherals produce Interrupts. Refer to the corresponding chapters for details.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.1 Operation Interrupts are disabled upon any device Reset. They are enabled by setting the following bits: • GIE bit of the INTCON register • Interrupt Enable bit(s) for the specific interrupt events) • PEIE bit of the INTCON register (if the Interrupt Enable bit of the interrupt event is contained in the PIEx registers) 8.2 Interrupt Latency Interrupt latency is defined as the time from when the interrupt event occurs to the time code execution at the interrupt vector begins.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 8-2: INTERRUPT LATENCY OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 CLKOUT Interrupt Sampled during Q1 Interrupt GIE PC Execute PC-1 PC 1 Cycle Instruction at PC PC+1 0004h 0005h Inst(PC) NOP NOP Inst(0004h) PC+1/FSR ADDR New PC/ PC+1 0004h 0005h Inst(PC) NOP NOP Inst(0004h) FSR ADDR PC+1 PC+2 0004h 0005h INST(PC) NOP NOP NOP Inst(0004h) Inst(0005h) FSR ADDR PC+1 0004h 0005h INST(PC) NOP
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 8-3: INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 CLKOUT (3) (4) INT pin (1) (1) INTF Interrupt Latency (2) (5) GIE INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction Fetched Instruction Executed Note 1: PC Inst (PC) Inst (PC – 1) PC + 1 Inst (PC + 1) Inst (PC) PC + 1 — Dummy Cycle 0004h 0005h Inst (0004h) Inst (0005h) Dummy Cycle Inst (0004h) INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.3 Interrupts During Sleep Some interrupts can be used to wake from Sleep. To wake from Sleep, the peripheral must be able to operate without the system clock. The interrupt source must have the appropriate Interrupt Enable bit(s) set prior to entering Sleep. On waking from Sleep, if the GIE bit is also set, the processor will branch to the interrupt vector. Otherwise, the processor will continue executing instructions after the SLEEP instruction.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6 Interrupt Control Registers Note: 8.6.1 INTCON REGISTER The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, that contains the various enable and flag bits for TMR0 register overflow, interrupt-on-change and external INT pin interrupts. REGISTER 8-1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Enable bit, GIE, of the INTCON register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.2 PIE1 REGISTER The PIE1 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 8-2. REGISTER 8-2: Note: Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.3 PIE2 REGISTER The PIE2 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 8-3. REGISTER 8-3: Note: Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.4 PIE3 REGISTER The PIE3 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 8-4. Note: Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 PIE4 REGISTER(1) 8.6.5 The PIE4 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 8-5. Note 1: The PIE4 register is available only on the PIC16(L)F1827 device. 2: Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.6 PIR1 REGISTER The PIR1 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 8-6. REGISTER 8-6: Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Enable bit, GIE, of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.7 PIR2 REGISTER The PIR2 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 8-7. REGISTER 8-7: Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Enable bit, GIE, of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 8.6.8 PIR3 REGISTER The PIR3 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 8-8. Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Enable bit, GIE, of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 PIR4 REGISTER(1) 8.6.9 The PIR4 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 8-9. Note 1: The PIR4 register is available only on the PIC16(L)F1827 device. 2: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Enable bit, GIE, of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 9.0 POWER-DOWN MODE (SLEEP) 9.1 Wake-up from Sleep The Power-Down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. The device can wake-up from Sleep through one of the following events: Upon entering Sleep mode, the following conditions exist: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. WDT will be cleared but keeps running, if enabled for operation during Sleep. 2. PD bit of the STATUS register is cleared. 3. TO bit of the STATUS register is set. 4. CPU clock is disabled. 5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 9.1.1 WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur: • If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a SLEEP instruction - SLEEP instruction will execute as a NOP. - WDT and WDT prescaler will not be cleared - TO bit of the STATUS register will not be set - PD bit of the STATUS register will not be cleared.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 10.0 WATCHDOG TIMER The Watchdog Timer is a system timer that generates a Reset if the firmware does not issue a CLRWDT instruction within the time-out period. The Watchdog Timer is typically used to recover the system from unexpected events.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 10.1 Independent Clock Source 10.3 The WDT derives its time base from the 31 kHz LFINTOSC internal oscillator. Time intervals in this chapter are based on a nominal interval of 1 ms. See Section 30.0 “Electrical Specifications” for the LFINTOSC tolerances. 10.2 WDT IS ALWAYS ON When the WDTE bits of Configuration Word 1 are set to ‘11’, the WDT is always on. WDT protection is active during Sleep. 10.2.2 WDT protection is not active during Sleep.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 10.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 10-3: Name SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATCHDOG TIMER Bit 7 Bit 6 OSCCON — STATUS — — — — WDTCON Legend: CONFIG1 Legend: Bit 4 Bit 3 IRCF<3:0> — Bit 2 — TO PD Bit 1 Bit 0 SCS<1:0> Z DC WDTPS<4:0> Register on Page 69 C 21 SWDTEN 99 x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Watchdog Timer.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.0 DATA EEPROM AND FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY CONTROL The Data EEPROM and Flash program memory are readable and writable during normal operation (full VDD range). These memories are not directly mapped in the register file space. Instead, they are indirectly addressed through the Special Function Registers (SFRs).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.2 Using the Data EEPROM The data EEPROM is a high-endurance, byte addressable array that has been optimized for the storage of frequently changing information (e.g., program variables or other data that are updated often). When variables in one section change frequently, while variables in another section do not change, it is possible to exceed the total number of write cycles to the EEPROM without exceeding the total number of write cycles to a single byte. Refer to Section 30.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Required Sequence EXAMPLE 11-2: DATA EEPROM WRITE BANKSEL MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BCF BCF BSF EEADRL DATA_EE_ADDR EEADRL DATA_EE_DATA EEDATL EECON1, CFGS EECON1, EEPGD EECON1, WREN ; ; ;Data Memory Address to write ; ;Data Memory Value to write ;Deselect Configuration space ;Point to DATA memory ;Enable writes BCF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BSF BCF BTFSC GOTO INTCON, 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, INTCON, EECON1, EECON1, $-2 ;Disable INTs.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 11-1: FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY READ CYCLE EXECUTION Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC Flash ADDR Flash Data PC + 1 INSTR (PC) INSTR(PC - 1) executed here EEADRH,EEADRL INSTR (PC + 1) BSF PMCON1,RD executed here PC +3 PC+3 EEDATH,EEDATL INSTR(PC + 1) executed here PC + 5 PC + 4 INSTR (PC + 3) Forced NOP executed here INSTR (PC + 4) INSTR(PC + 3) executed here INSTR(PC + 4) executed here RD bit EEDATH EEDATL Register DS41391D
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.3 Flash Program Memory Overview It is important to understand the Flash program memory structure for erase and programming operations. Flash Program memory is arranged in rows. A row consists of a fixed number of 14-bit program memory words. A row is the minimum block size that can be erased by user software.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 EXAMPLE 11-3: FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY READ * This code block will read 1 word of program * memory at the memory address: PROG_ADDR_HI : PROG_ADDR_LO * data will be returned in the variables; * PROG_DATA_HI, PROG_DATA_LO BANKSEL MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWL EEADRL PROG_ADDR_LO EEADRL PROG_ADDR_HI EEADRH ; Select Bank for EEPROM registers ; ; Store LSB of address ; ; Store MSB of address BCF BSF BCF BSF NOP NOP BSF EECON1,CFGS EECON1,EEPGD INTCON,GIE EECON1,RD INTCON,GIE ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Do not
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.3.2 ERASING FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY While executing code, program memory can only be erased by rows. To erase a row: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Load the EEADRH:EEADRL register pair with the address of new row to be erased. Clear the CFGS bit of the EECON1 register. Set the EEPGD, FREE, and WREN bits of the EECON1 register. Write 55h, then AAh, to EECON2 (Flash programming unlock sequence). Set control bit WR of the EECON1 register to begin the erase operation.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 After the “BSF EECON1,WR” instruction, the processor requires two cycles to set up the write operation. The user must place two NOP instructions after the WR bit is set. The processor will halt internal operations for the typical 2 ms, only during the cycle in which the write takes place (i.e., the last word of the block write). This is not Sleep mode as the clocks and peripherals will continue to run. The processor does not stall when LWLO = 1, loading the write latches.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 EXAMPLE 11-4: ERASING ONE ROW OF PROGRAM MEMORY - Required Sequence ; This row erase routine assumes the following: ; 1. A valid address within the erase block is loaded in ADDRH:ADDRL ; 2.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 EXAMPLE 11-5: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY This write routine assumes the following: 1. The 16 bytes of data are loaded, starting at the address in DATA_ADDR 2. Each word of data to be written is made up of two adjacent bytes in DATA_ADDR, stored in little endian format 3. A valid starting address (the least significant bits = 000) is loaded in ADDRH:ADDRL 4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.4 Modifying Flash Program Memory When modifying existing data in a program memory row, and data within that row must be preserved, it must first be read and saved in a RAM image. Program memory is modified using the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Load the starting address of the row to be modified. Read the existing data from the row into a RAM image. Modify the RAM image to contain the new data to be written into program memory.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.6 Write Verify Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the data EEPROM or program memory should be verified (see Example 11-6) to the desired value to be written. Example 11-6 shows how to verify a write to EEPROM.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 11.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 11-4: U-1 EEADRH: EEPROM ADDRESS HIGH BYTE REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 — R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 EEADR<14:8> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’ bit 6-0 EEADR<14:8>: Specifies the Most Significant bits for program memory address or
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 11-5: EECON1: EEPROM CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W/HC-0/0 R/W-x/q R/W-0/0 R/S/HC-0/0 R/S/HC-0/0 EEPGD CFGS LWLO FREE WRERR WREN WR RD bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ S = Bit can only be set x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared HC = Bit is cleared by hardware bit 7 EEPGD: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Memory Sel
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 11-6: W-0/0 EECON2: EEPROM CONTROL 2 REGISTER W-0/0 W-0/0 W-0/0 W-0/0 W-0/0 W-0/0 W-0/0 EEPROM Control Register 2 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ S = Bit can only be set x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-0 Data EEPROM Unlock Pattern bits To unlock writes, a 55h must be written first, followed by an AAh, before setting the WR
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.0 I/O PORTS FIGURE 12-1: GENERIC I/O PORT OPERATION Depending on the device selected and peripherals enabled, there are two ports available. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. Read LATx Each port has three registers for its operation.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.1 Alternate Pin Function The Alternate Pin Function Control (APFCON0 and APFCON1) registers are used to steer specific peripheral input and output functions between different pins. The APFCON0 and APFCON1 registers are shown in Register 12-1 and Register 12-2. For this device family, the following functions can be moved between different pins.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 12-1: APFCON0: ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTION CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 RXDTSEL SDO1SEL SS1SEL P2BSEL(1) CCP2SEL(1) P1DSEL P1CSEL CCP1SEL bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 RXDTSEL: Pin Selection bit 0 = RX/DT functi
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.2 PORTA Registers PORTA is a 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISA (Register 12-4). Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., enables output driver and puts the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The exception is RA5, which is input only and its TRIS bit will always read as ‘1’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.2.3 PORTA FUNCTIONS AND OUTPUT PRIORITIES Each PORTA pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are shown in Table 12-2. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the highest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC, comparator and CapSense inputs, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 12-3: PORTA: PORTA REGISTER R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x RA7 RA6 RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared RA<7:0>: PORTA I/O Value bits(1) 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL bit 7-0 Note 1: Writes to PORTA are
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 12-6: WPUA: WEAK PULL-UP PORTA REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-1/1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 — — WPUA5 — — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5 WPUA5: Weak Pull-up RA5 Control bit If MCLRE in Configuration Word 1 = 0, MCLR is disabled): 1 =
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 12-3: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page — — — ANSA4 ANSA3 ANSA2 ANSA1 ANSA0 123 LATA7 LATA6 — LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 122 WPUEN INTEDG TMR0CS TMR0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 176 PORTA RA7 RA6 RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 122 TRISA TRISA7 TRISA6 TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 122 WPUA — — WPUA5 — — — — — 123 Register on Page Name ANSELA LATA O
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.3 PORTB and TRISB Registers PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB (Register 12-9). Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 12.3.4 PORTB FUNCTIONS AND OUTPUT PRIORITIES Each PORTB pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are shown in Table 12-5. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the highest priority. Analog input and some digital input functions are not included in the list below. These input functions can remain active when the pin is configured as an output.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 12-8: PORTB: PORTB REGISTER R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x R/W-x/x RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-0 RB<7:0>: PORTB I/O Pin bit 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL REGISTER 12-9: TRISB: PORTB TRI
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 12-11: WPUB: WEAK PULL-UP PORTB REGISTER R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 WPUB3 WPUB2 WPUB1 WPUB0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-0 Note 1: 2: WPUB<7:0>: Weak Pull-up Register bits 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pul
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 12-6: Name ANSELB LATB OPTION_REG SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page ANSB7 ANSB6 ANSB5 ANSB4 ANSB3 ANSB2 ANSB1 — 128 LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 127 WPUEN INTEDG TMR0CS TMR0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 176 PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 127 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 127 WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 WPUB3
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 130 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 13.0 INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE The PORTB pins can be configured to operate as Interrupt-On-Change (IOC) pins. An interrupt can be generated by detecting a signal that has either a rising edge or a falling edge. Any individual PORTB pin can be configured to generate an interrupt.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 13.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 13-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page ANSELB ANSB7 ANSB6 ANSB5 ANSB4 ANSB3 ANSB2 ANSB1 — 128 INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 86 Name IOCBF IOCBF7 IOCBF6 IOCBF5 IOCBF4 IOCBF3 IOCBF2 IOCBF1 IOCBF0 132 IOCBN IOCBN7 IOCBN6 IOCBN5 IOCBN4 IOCBN3 IOCBN2 IOCBN1 IOCBN0 132 IOCBP IOCBP7 IOCBP6 IOCBP5 IOCBP4 IOCBP3 IOCBP2 IOCBP1
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 134 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 14.0 FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE (FVR) 14.1 The output of the FVR supplied to the ADC, Comparators, and DAC and CPS is routed through two independent programmable gain amplifiers. Each amplifier can be configured to amplify the reference voltage by 1x, 2x or 4x, to produce the three possible voltage levels. The Fixed Voltage Reference, or FVR, is a stable voltage reference, independent of VDD, with 1.024V, 2.048V or 4.096V selectable output levels.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 14.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 15.0 TEMPERATURE INDICATOR MODULE FIGURE 15-1: This family of devices is equipped with a temperature circuit designed to measure the operating temperature of the silicon die. The circuit's range of operating temperature falls between of -40°C and +85°C. The output is a voltage that is proportional to the device temperature. The output of the temperature indicator is internally connected to the device ADC.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 138 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.0 The ADC can generate an interrupt upon completion of a conversion. This interrupt can be used to wake-up the device from Sleep. ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) MODULE The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) allows conversion of an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary representation of that signal. This device uses analog inputs, which are multiplexed into a single sample and hold circuit. The output of the sample and hold is connected to the input of the converter.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.1 ADC Configuration When configuring and using the ADC the following functions must be considered: • • • • • • Port configuration Channel selection ADC voltage reference selection ADC conversion clock source Interrupt control Result formatting 16.1.1 PORT CONFIGURATION The ADC can be used to convert both analog and digital signals. When converting analog signals, the I/O pin should be configured for analog by setting the associated TRIS and ANSEL bits. Refer to Section 12.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 16-1: ADC CLOCK PERIOD (TAD) VS. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES ADC Clock Period (TAD) ADC Clock Source Device Frequency (FOSC) ADCS<2:0> 32 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 1 MHz 000 62.5ns(2) 100 ns(2) 125 ns(2) 250 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 2.0 s FOSC/4 100 125 ns (2) (2) (2) (2) FOSC/8 001 0.5 s(2) 400 ns(2) 0.5 s(2) FOSC/16 101 800 ns 800 ns 010 1.0 s FOSC/64 110 FRC x11 FOSC/2 FOSC/32 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 1.0 s 4.0 s 1.0 s 2.0 s 8.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.1.5 INTERRUPTS 16.1.6 The ADC module allows for the ability to generate an interrupt upon completion of an Analog-to-Digital conversion. The ADC Interrupt Flag is the ADIF bit in the PIR1 register. The ADC Interrupt Enable is the ADIE bit in the PIE1 register. The ADIF bit must be cleared in software. RESULT FORMATTING The 10-bit A/D conversion result can be supplied in two formats, left justified or right justified. The ADFM bit of the ADCON1 register controls the output format.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.2 16.2.1 ADC Operation STARTING A CONVERSION To enable the ADC module, the ADON bit of the ADCON0 register must be set to a ‘1’. Setting the GO/ DONE bit of the ADCON0 register to a ‘1’ will start the Analog-to-Digital conversion. Note: 16.2.2 The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the same instruction that turns on the ADC. Refer to Section 16.2.6 “A/D Conversion Procedure”.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.2.6 A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE This is an example procedure for using the ADC to perform an Analog-to-Digital conversion: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.3 ADC Register Definitions The following registers are used to control the operation of the ADC.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 16-2: R/W-0/0 ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0/0 ADFM R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 ADCS<2:0> U-0 R/W-0/0 — ADNREF R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 ADPREF<1:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit 1 = Right justified.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 16-3: R/W-x/u ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 0 R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u ADRES<9:2> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-0 ADRES<9:2>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result REGISTER 16-4: R/W-x/u AD
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 16-5: ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 1 R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u — — — — — — R/W-x/u R/W-x/u ADRES<9:8> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-2 Reserved: Do not use.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 16.4 A/D Acquisition Requirements For the ADC to meet its specified accuracy, the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The Analog Input model is shown in Figure 16-4. The source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), refer to Figure 16-4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 16-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL VDD Analog Input pin Rs VT 0.6V CPIN 5 pF VA RIC 1k Sampling Switch SS Rss I LEAKAGE(1) VT 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 16-3: Name SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ADC Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page ADCON0 — CHS4 CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 145 ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 — ADNREF ADPREF1 ADPREF0 146 ADRESH A/D Result Register High 147, 148 ADRESL A/D Result Register Low 147, 148 ANSELA — — — ANSA4 ANSA3 ANSA2 ANSA1 ANSA0 123 ANSELB ANSB7 ANSB6 ANSB5 ANSB4 ANSB3 ANSB2 ANSB1 — 123 PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 152 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 17.0 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) MODULE The Digital-to-Analog Converter supplies a variable voltage reference, ratiometric with the input source, with 32 selectable output levels. The input of the DAC can be connected to: 17.1 Output Voltage Selection The DAC has 32 voltage level ranges. The 32 levels are set with the DACR<4:0> bits of the DACCON1 register. The DAC output voltage is determined by the equations in Equation 17-1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 17-1: DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER BLOCK DIAGRAM Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) FVR BUFFER2 VSOURCE+ VDD VREF+ R R 2 R DACEN DACLPS R R 32 Steps R 32-to-1 MUX DACPSS<1:0> DACR<4:0> 5 DAC (To Comparator and ADC Modules) R DACOUT R DACOE DACNSS VREF- VSOURCE- VSS FIGURE 17-2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE PIC® MCU DAC Module R Voltage Reference Output Impedance DS41391D-page 154 DACOUT + – Buffered DAC Output 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 17.4 Low-Power Voltage State In order for the DAC module to consume the least amount of power, one of the two voltage reference input sources to the resistor ladder must be disconnected. Either the positive voltage source, (VSOURCE+), or the negative voltage source, (VSOURCE-) can be disabled. The negative voltage source is disabled by setting the DACLPS bit in the DACCON0 register. Clearing the DACLPS bit in the DACCON0 register disables the positive voltage source. 17.4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 17.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 18.0 SR LATCH The module consists of a single SR Latch with multiple Set and Reset inputs as well as separate latch outputs. The SR Latch module includes the following features: • • • • Programmable input selection SR Latch output is available externally Separate Q and Q outputs Firmware Set and Reset The SR Latch can be used in a variety of analog applications, including oscillator circuits, one-shot circuit, hysteretic controllers, and analog timing applications. 18.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 18-1: SR LATCH SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM SRPS Pulse Gen(2) SRLEN SRQEN SRI S SRSPE SRCLK Q SRQ SRSCKE SYNCC2OUT(3) SRSC2E SYNCC1OUT(3) SRSC1E SRPR SR Latch(1) Pulse Gen(2) SRI SRRPE SRCLK SRRCKE SYNCC2OUT(3) SRRC2E R Q SRNQ SRLEN SRNQEN SYNCC1OUT(3) SRRC1E Note 1: 2: 3: DS41391D-page 158 If R = 1 and S = 1 simultaneously, Q = 0, Q = 1 Pulse generator causes a 1 Q-state pulse width. Name denotes the connection point at the comparator output.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 18-1: SRCLK FREQUENCY TABLE SRCLK Divider FOSC = 32 MHz FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 1 MHz 111 512 110 256 62.5 kHz 39.0 kHz 31.3 kHz 7.81 kHz 1.95 kHz 125 kHz 78.1 kHz 62.5 kHz 15.6 kHz 3.90 kHz 101 100 128 250 kHz 156 kHz 125 kHz 31.25 kHz 7.81 kHz 64 500 kHz 313 kHz 250 kHz 62.5 kHz 15.6 kHz 011 32 1 MHz 625 kHz 500 kHz 125 kHz 31.3 kHz 010 16 2 MHz 1.25 MHz 1 MHz 250 kHz 62.5 kHz 001 8 4 MHz 2.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 18-2: SRCON1: SR LATCH CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 SRSPE SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E SRRPE SRRCKE SRRC2E SRRC1E bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 SRSPE: SR Latch Peripheral Set Enable bit 1 = SR Latch is set when the
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 18-2: Name ANSELA SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SR LATCH MODULE Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page — — — ANSA4 ANSA3 ANSA2 ANSA1 ANSA0 123 SRPS SRCON0 SRLEN SRCLK2 SRCLK1 SRCLK0 SRQEN SRNQEN SRCON1 SRSPE SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E SRRPE SRRCKE SRRC2E TRISA TRISA7 TRISA6 TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 SRPR 159 SRRC1E 160 TRISA0 122 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 162 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 19.0 COMPARATOR MODULE Comparators are used to interface analog circuits to a digital circuit by comparing two analog voltages and providing a digital indication of their relative magnitudes. Comparators are very useful mixed signal building blocks because they provide analog functionality independent of program execution.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 19-2: COMPARATOR 1 MODULE SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM CxNCH<1:0> CxON(1) 2 CxINTP Interrupt det C12IN0- 0 C12IN1C12IN2- 1 MUX 2 (2) C12IN3- 3 Set CxIF det CXPOL CxVN D Cx(3) CxVP 0 MUX 1 (2) C1IN+ DAC FVR Buffer2 2 C12IN+ 3 CxINTN Interrupt CXOUT MCXOUT Q To Data Bus + EN Q1 CxHYS CxSP To ECCP PWM Logic CXSYNC CxON CXPCH<1:0> 0 CXOE TRIS bit CXOUT 2 D (from Timer1) T1CLK Q 1 To Timer1 or SR Latch SYNCCXOUT Note 1: 2: 3: When CxON = 0, the Comparato
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 19-3: COMPARATOR 2 MODULE SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM CxNCH<1:0> CxON(1) 2 CxINTP Interrupt det C12IN0- 0 C12IN1- 1 MUX 2 (2) C12IN2C12IN3- 3 Set CxIF det CXPOL CxVN D Cx(3) CxVP C12IN+ DAC CxINTN Interrupt 0 MUX 1 (2) CXOUT MCXOUT Q To Data Bus + EN Q1 CxHYS CxSP To ECCP PWM Logic 2 FVR Buffer2 3 CXSYNC CxON VSS CXPCH<1:0> 0 CXOE TRIS bit CXOUT 2 D (from Timer1) T1CLK Note 1: 2: 3: Q 1 To Timer1 or SR Latch SYNCCXOUT When CxON = 0, the Comparator
PIC16(L)F1826/27 19.2 Comparator Control Each comparator has 2 control registers: CMxCON0 and CMxCON1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 19.3 Comparator Hysteresis A selectable amount of separation voltage can be added to the input pins of each comparator to provide a hysteresis function to the overall operation. Hysteresis is enabled by setting the CxHYS bit of the CMxCON0 register. 19.5 Comparator Interrupt An interrupt can be generated upon a change in the output value of the comparator for each comparator, a rising edge detector and a Falling edge detector are present. See Section 29.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 19.7 Comparator Negative Input Selection The CxNCH<1:0> bits of the CMxCON0 register direct one of four analog pins to the comparator inverting input. Note: 19.8 To use CxIN+ and CxINx- pins as analog input, the appropriate bits must be set in the ANSEL register and the corresponding TRIS bits must also be set to disable the output drivers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 19-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL VDD Rs < 10K Analog Input pin VT 0.6V RIC To Comparator CPIN 5 pF VA VT 0.6V ILEAKAGE(1) Vss Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions = Interconnect Resistance RIC = Source Impedance RS VA = Analog Voltage = Threshold Voltage VT Note 1: See Section 29.0 “Electrical Specifications” 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 19-1: CMxCON0: COMPARATOR Cx CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 U-0 R/W-1/1 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 CxON CxOUT CxOE CxPOL — CxSP CxHYS CxSYNC bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 CxON: Comparator Enable bit 1 = Comparator is enabled and consumes no active power
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 19-2: CMxCON1: COMPARATOR Cx CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 CxINTP CxINTN R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 CxPCH<1:0> U-0 U-0 — — R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 CxNCH<1:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 CxINTP: Comparator Interrupt on Positive Going Edge Enable bits 1 = The CxIF interrupt f
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 19-2: Name ANSELA SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page — — — ANSA4 ANSA3 ANSA2 ANSA1 ANSA0 123 CMxCON0 CxON CxOUT CxOE CxPOL — CxSP CxHYS CxSYNC 170 CMxCON1 CxNTP CxINTN CxPCH1 CxPCH0 — — CxNCH1 CxNCH0 171 CMOUT DACCON0 — — — — — — MC2OUT MC1OUT 171 DACEN DACLPS DACOE — DACPSS1 DACPSS0 — DACNSS 156 — — — DACR4 DACR3 DACR2 DACR1 DACR0 156
PIC16(L)F1826/27 20.0 20.1.2 TIMER0 MODULE In 8-Bit Counter mode, the Timer0 module will increment on every rising or falling edge of the T0CKI pin or the Capacitive Sensing Oscillator (CPSCLK) signal.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 20-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0 FOSC/4 Data Bus 0 8 T0CKI 1 Sync 2 TCY 1 TMR0 0 TMR0SE TMR0CS 8-bit Prescaler PSA Set Flag bit TMR0IF on Overflow Overflow to Timer1 8 PS<2:0> DS41391D-page 174 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 20.1.3 SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE PRESCALER A software programmable prescaler is available for exclusive use with Timer0. The prescaler is enabled by clearing the PSA bit of the OPTION_REG register. Note: The Watchdog Timer (WDT) uses its own independent prescaler. There are 8 prescaler options for the Timer0 module ranging from 1:2 to 1:256. The prescale values are selectable via the PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION_REG register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 20.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.0 • • • • TIMER1 MODULE WITH GATE CONTROL The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter with the following features: Figure 21-1 is a block diagram of the Timer1 module.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.1 Timer1 Operation 21.2 The Timer1 module is a 16-bit incrementing counter which is accessed through the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair. Writes to TMR1H or TMR1L directly update the counter. The TMR1CS<1:0> and T1OSCEN bits of the T1CON register are used to select the clock source for Timer1. Table 21-2 displays the clock source selections. 21.2.1 When used with an internal clock source, the module is a timer and increments on every instruction cycle.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.3 Timer1 Prescaler Timer1 has four prescaler options allowing 1, 2, 4 or 8 divisions of the clock input. The T1CKPS bits of the T1CON register control the prescale counter. The prescale counter is not directly readable or writable; however, the prescaler counter is cleared upon a write to TMR1H or TMR1L. 21.4 Timer1 Oscillator 21.5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.6.2 TIMER1 GATE SOURCE SELECTION The Timer1 gate source can be selected from one of four different sources. Source selection is controlled by the T1GSS bits of the T1GCON register. The polarity for each available source is also selectable. Polarity selection is controlled by the T1GPOL bit of the T1GCON register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.7 Timer1 Interrupt The Timer1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. When Timer1 rolls over, the Timer1 interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set. To enable the interrupt on rollover, you must set these bits: • • • • TMR1ON bit of the T1CON register TMR1IE bit of the PIE1 register PEIE bit of the INTCON register GIE bit of the INTCON register The interrupt is cleared by clearing the TMR1IF bit in the Interrupt Service Routine.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 21-3: TIMER1 GATE ENABLE MODE TMR1GE T1GPOL T1G_IN T1CKI T1GVAL Timer1 N FIGURE 21-4: N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 TIMER1 GATE TOGGLE MODE TMR1GE T1GPOL T1GTM T1G_IN T1CKI T1GVAL Timer1 DS41391D-page 182 N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 N+6 N+7 N+8 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 21-5: TIMER1 GATE SINGLE-PULSE MODE TMR1GE T1GPOL T1GSPM T1GGO/ Cleared by hardware on falling edge of T1GVAL Set by software DONE Counting enabled on rising edge of T1G T1G_IN T1CKI T1GVAL Timer1 TMR1GIF N Cleared by software 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 21-6: TIMER1 GATE SINGLE-PULSE AND TOGGLE COMBINED MODE TMR1GE T1GPOL T1GSPM T1GTM T1GGO/ Cleared by hardware on falling edge of T1GVAL Set by software DONE Counting enabled on rising edge of T1G T1G_IN T1CKI T1GVAL Timer1 TMR1GIF DS41391D-page 184 N Cleared by software N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 Set by hardware on falling edge of T1GVAL Cleared by software 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.11 Timer1 Control Register The Timer1 Control register (T1CON), shown in Register 21-1, is used to control Timer1 and select the various features of the Timer1 module.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 21.12 Timer1 Gate Control Register The Timer1 Gate Control register (T1GCON), shown in Register 21-2, is used to control Timer1 gate.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 21-5: Name ANSELB CCP1CON SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page ANSB7 ANSB6 ANSB5 ANSB4 ANSB3 ANSB2 ANSB1 — 128 PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0 226 86 GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 87 PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF RCIF TXIF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 91 RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 188 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 22.0 TIMER2/4/6 MODULES There are up to three identical Timer2-type modules available. To maintain pre-existing naming conventions, the Timers are called Timer2, Timer4 and Timer6 (also Timer2/4/6). Note: The ‘x’ variable used in this section is used to designate Timer2, Timer4, or Timer6. For example, TxCON references T2CON, T4CON, or T6CON. PRx references PR2, PR4, or PR6.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 22.1 Timer2/4/6 Operation The clock input to the Timer2/4/6 modules is the system instruction clock (FOSC/4). TMRx increments from 00h on each clock edge. A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the clock input allows direct input, divide-by-4 and divide-by-16 prescale options. These options are selected by the prescaler control bits, TxCKPS<1:0> of the TxCON register. The value of TMRx is compared to that of the Period register, PRx, on each clock cycle.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 22.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 22-1: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2/4/6 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 91 PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 92 PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF RCIF TXIF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 96 PIE3(1) — — CCP4IE CCP3IE TMR6IE — TMR4IE — 94 PIR3(1) — — CCP4IF CCP3IF TMR6IF — TMR4IF — Name INTCON 98 PR2 Timer2 Module Period Register 18
PIC16(L)F1826/27 23.0 Using this method, the DSM can generate the following types of Key Modulation schemes: DATA SIGNAL MODULATOR The Data Signal Modulator (DSM) is a peripheral which allows the user to mix a data stream, also known as a modulator signal, with a carrier signal to produce a modulated output.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 23.1 DSM Operation The DSM module can be enabled by setting the MDEN bit in the MDCON register. Clearing the MDEN bit in the MDCON register, disables the DSM module by automatically switching the carrier high and carrier low signals to the VSS signal source. The modulator signal source is also switched to the MDBIT in the MDCON register. This not only assures that the DSM module is inactive, but that it is also consuming the least amount of current.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 23-2: ON OFF KEYING (OOK) SYNCHRONIZATION Carrier Low (CARL) Carrier High (CARH) Modulator (MOD) MDCHSYNC = 1 MDCLSYNC = 0 MDCHSYNC = 1 MDCLSYNC = 1 MDCHSYNC = 0 MDCLSYNC = 0 MDCHSYNC = 0 MDCLSYNC = 1 EXAMPLE 23-1: NO SYNCHRONIZATION (MDSHSYNC = 0, MDCLSYNC = 0) Carrier High (CARH) Carrier Low (CARL) Modulator (MOD) MDCHSYNC = 0 MDCLSYNC = 0 CARH Active Carrier State FIGURE 23-3: CARL CARH CARL CARRIER HIGH SYNCHRONIZATION (MDSHSYNC = 1, MDCLSYNC = 0) Carrier High (CARH)
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 23-4: CARRIER LOW SYNCHRONIZATION (MDSHSYNC = 0, MDCLSYNC = 1) Carrier High (CARH) Carrier Low (CARL) Modulator (MOD) MDCHSYNC = 0 MDCLSYNC = 1 Active Carrier State FIGURE 23-5: CARH CARL CARH CARL FULL SYNCHRONIZATION (MDSHSYNC = 1, MDCLSYNC = 1) Carrier High (CARH) Carrier Low (CARL) Falling edges used to sync Modulator (MOD) MDCHSYNC = 1 MDCLSYNC = 1 Active Carrier State DS41391D-page 196 CARH CARL CARH CARL 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 23.5 Carrier Source Polarity Select The signal provided from any selected input source for the carrier high and carrier low signals can be inverted. Inverting the signal for the carrier high source is enabled by setting the MDCHPOL bit of the MDCARH register. Inverting the signal for the carrier low source is enabled by setting the MDCLPOL bit of the MDCARL register. 23.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 23-1: MDCON: MODULATION CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-1/1 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0/0 MDEN MDOE MDSLR MDOPOL MDOUT — — MDBIT bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 MDEN: Modulator Module Enable bit 1 = Modulator module is enabled and mixing input signals 0 = M
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 23-2: MDSRC: MODULATION SOURCE CONTROL REGISTER R/W-x/u U-0 U-0 U-0 MDMSODIS — — — R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u MDMS<3:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 MDMSODIS: Modulation Source Output Disable bit 1 = Output signal driving the peripheral output pin (selected
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 23-3: MDCARH: MODULATION HIGH CARRIER CONTROL REGISTER R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u U-0 MDCHODIS MDCHPOL MDCHSYNC — R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u MDCH<3:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 MDCHODIS: Modulator High Carrier Output Disable bit 1 = Output signal driving th
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 23-4: MDCARL: MODULATION LOW CARRIER CONTROL REGISTER R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u U-0 MDCLODIS MDCLPOL MDCLSYNC — R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u R/W-x/u MDCL<3:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 MDCLODIS: Modulator Low Carrier Output Disable bit 1 = Output signal driving the
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 202 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM MODULES The Capture/Compare/PWM module is a peripheral which allows the user to time and control different events, and to generate Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) signals. In Capture mode, the peripheral allows the timing of the duration of an event. The Compare mode allows the user to trigger an external event when a predetermined amount of time has expired. The PWM mode can generate Pulse-Width Modulated signals of varying frequency and duty cycle.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.1 24.1.2 Capture Mode The Capture mode function described in this section is available and identical for CCP modules ECCP1, ECCP2, CCP3 and CCP4. Capture mode makes use of the 16-bit Timer1 resource. When an event occurs on the CCPx pin, the 16-bit CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair captures and stores the 16-bit value of the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair, respectively.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.1.5 CAPTURE DURING SLEEP 24.1.6 Capture mode depends upon the Timer1 module for proper operation. There are two options for driving the Timer1 module in Capture mode. It can be driven by the instruction clock (FOSC/4), or by an external clock source. ALTERNATE PIN LOCATIONS This module incorporates I/O pins that can be moved to other locations with the use of the alternate pin function registers, APFCON0 and APFCON1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.2 24.2.2 Compare Mode TIMER1 MODE RESOURCE The Compare mode function described in this section is available and identical for CCP modules ECCP1, ECCP2, CCP3 and CCP4. In Compare mode, Timer1 must be running in either Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode. The compare operation may not work in Asynchronous Counter mode. Compare mode makes use of the 16-bit Timer1 resource.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.2.5 COMPARE DURING SLEEP 24.2.6 The Compare mode is dependent upon the system clock (FOSC) for proper operation. Since FOSC is shut down during Sleep mode, the Compare mode will not function properly during Sleep. TABLE 24-4: Name APFCON0 CCPxCON ALTERNATE PIN LOCATIONS This module incorporates I/O pins that can be moved to other locations with the use of the alternate pin function registers, APFCON0 and APFCON1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.3 PWM Overview Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is a scheme that provides power to a load by switching quickly between fully on and fully off states. The PWM signal resembles a square wave where the high portion of the signal is considered the on state and the low portion of the signal is considered the off state. The high portion, also known as the pulse width, can vary in time and is defined in steps.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.3.2 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION The following steps should be taken when configuring the CCP module for standard PWM operation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Disable the CCPx pin output driver by setting the associated TRIS bit. Load the PRx register with the PWM period value. Configure the CCP module for the PWM mode by loading the CCPxCON register with the appropriate values. Load the CCPRxL register and the DCxBx bits of the CCPxCON register, with the PWM duty cycle value.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.3.6 PWM RESOLUTION EQUATION 24-4: The resolution determines the number of available duty cycles for a given period. For example, a 10-bit resolution will result in 1024 discrete duty cycles, whereas an 8-bit resolution will result in 256 discrete duty cycles. The maximum PWM resolution is 10 bits when PRx is 255. The resolution is a function of the PRx register value as shown by Equation 24-4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.3.7 OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE 24.3.10 In Sleep mode, the TMRx register will not increment and the state of the module will not change. If the CCPx pin is driving a value, it will continue to drive that value. When the device wakes up, TMRx will continue from its previous state. 24.3.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4 To select an Enhanced PWM Output mode, the PxM bits of the CCPxCON register must be configured appropriately. PWM (Enhanced Mode) The enhanced PWM function described in this section is available for CCP modules ECCP1 and ECCP2, with any differences between modules noted. The PWM outputs are multiplexed with I/O pins and are designated PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD. The polarity of the PWM pins is configurable and is selected by setting the CCPxM bits in the CCPxCON register appropriately.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 24-9: EXAMPLE PIN ASSIGNMENTS FOR VARIOUS PWM ENHANCED MODES ECCP Mode PxM<1:0> CCPx/PxA PxB PxC PxD Single 00 Yes(1) Yes(1) Yes(1) Yes(1) Half-Bridge 10 Yes Yes No No Full-Bridge, Forward 01 Yes Yes Yes Yes Full-Bridge, Reverse 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes Note 1: PWM Steering enables outputs in Single mode.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 24-7: EXAMPLE ENHANCED PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE) PxM<1:0> Signal PRx+1 Pulse Width 0 Period 00 (Single Output) PxA Modulated PxA Modulated 10 (Half-Bridge) Delay Delay PxB Modulated PxA Active 01 (Full-Bridge, Forward) PxB Inactive PxC Inactive PxD Modulated PxA Inactive 11 (Full-Bridge, Reverse) PxB Modulated PxC Active PxD Inactive Relationships: • Period = 4 * TOSC * (PRx + 1) * (TMRx Prescale Value) • Pulse Width = TOSC * (CCPRxL<7:0>:CCPxCO
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.1 HALF-BRIDGE MODE In Half-Bridge mode, two pins are used as outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output signal is output on the CCPx/PxA pin, while the complementary PWM output signal is output on the PxB pin (see Figure 24-9). This mode can be used for Half-Bridge applications, as shown in Figure 24-9, or for Full-Bridge applications, where four power switches are being modulated with two PWM signals.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.2 FULL-BRIDGE MODE In Full-Bridge mode, all four pins are used as outputs. An example of Full-Bridge application is shown in Figure 24-10. In the Forward mode, pin CCPx/PxA is driven to its active state, pin PxD is modulated, while PxB and PxC will be driven to their inactive state as shown in Figure 24-11. In the Reverse mode, PxC is driven to its active state, pin PxB is modulated, while PxA and PxD will be driven to their inactive state as shown Figure 24-11.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 24-11: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT Forward Mode Period PxA (2) Pulse Width PxB(2) PxC(2) PxD(2) (1) (1) Reverse Mode Period Pulse Width PxA(2) PxB(2) PxC(2) PxD(2) (1) Note 1: 2: (1) At this time, the TMRx register is equal to the PRx register. Output signal is shown as active-high. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.2.1 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode In the Full-Bridge mode, the PxM1 bit in the CCPxCON register allows users to control the forward/reverse direction. When the application firmware changes this direction control bit, the module will change to the new direction on the next PWM cycle. A direction change is initiated in software by changing the PxM1 bit of the CCPxCON register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 24-13: EXAMPLE OF PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE Forward Period t1 Reverse Period PxA PxB PW PxC PxD PW TON External Switch C TOFF External Switch D Potential Shoot-Through Current Note 1: T = TOFF – TON All signals are shown as active-high. 2: TON is the turn on delay of power switch QC and its driver. 3: TOFF is the turn off delay of power switch QD and its driver. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.3 ENHANCED PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN MODE The PWM mode supports an Auto-Shutdown mode that will disable the PWM outputs when an external shutdown event occurs. Auto-Shutdown mode places the PWM output pins into a predetermined state. This mode is used to help prevent the PWM from damaging the application. Note 1: The auto-shutdown condition is a level-based signal, not an edge-based signal. As long as the level is present, the auto-shutdown will persist.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.4 AUTO-RESTART MODE The Enhanced PWM can be configured to automatically restart the PWM signal once the auto-shutdown condition has been removed. Auto-restart is enabled by setting the PxRSEN bit in the PWMxCON register. FIGURE 24-15: If auto-restart is enabled, the CCPxASE bit will remain set as long as the auto-shutdown condition is active. When the auto-shutdown condition is removed, the CCPxASE bit will be cleared via hardware and normal operation will resume.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.5 PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND DELAY MODE FIGURE 24-16: In Half-Bridge applications where all power switches are modulated at the PWM frequency, the power switches normally require more time to turn off than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power switches are switched at the same time (one turned on, and the other turned off), both switches may be on for a short period of time until one switch completely turns off.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.6 PWM STEERING MODE In Single Output mode, PWM steering allows any of the PWM pins to be the modulated signal. Additionally, the same PWM signal can be simultaneously available on multiple pins. Once the Single Output mode is selected (CCPxM<3:2> = 11 and PxM<1:0> = 00 of the CCPxCON register), the user firmware can bring out the same PWM signal to one, two, three or four output pins by setting the appropriate STRx bits of the PSTRxCON register, as shown in Register 24-5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.4.6.1 Steering Synchronization The STRxSYNC bit of the PSTRxCON register gives the user two selections of when the steering event will happen. When the STRxSYNC bit is ‘0’, the steering event will happen at the end of the instruction that writes to the PSTRxCON register. In this case, the output signal at the Px pins may be an incomplete PWM waveform. This operation is useful when the user firmware needs to immediately remove a PWM signal from the pin.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 24-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED PWM Name APFCON0 CCPxCON CCPxAS CCPTMRS Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 RXDTSEL SDO1SEL SS1SEL (1) Bit 3 P2BSEL(2) CCP2SEL(2) DCxB<1:0> PxM<1:0> CCPxASE Bit 4 CCPxAS<2:0> C4TSEL<1:0> Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 P1DSEL P1CSEL CCP1SEL CCPxM<3:0> PSSxAC<1:0> C3TSEL<1:0> C2TSEL<1:0> Register on Page 119 226 PSSxBD<1:0> 228 C1TSEL<1:0> 227 GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE C
PIC16(L)F1826/27 24.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 24-2: R/W-0/0 CCPTMRS: PWM TIMER SELECTION CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/0 C4TSEL<1:0> R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 C3TSEL<1:0> R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 C2TSEL<1:0> bit 7 R/W-0/0 C1TSEL<1:0> bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-6 C4TSEL<1:0>: CCP4 Timer Selection 00 =CCP4 is based off Timer 2 in PWM
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 24-3: R/W-0/0 CCPxAS: CCPx AUTO-SHUTDOWN CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/0 CCPxASE R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 CCPxAS<2:0> R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 PSSxAC<1:0> R/W-0/0 PSSxBD<1:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 CCPxASE: CCPx Auto-Shutdown Event Status bit 1 = A shutdown event has occurre
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 24-4: R/W-0/0 PWMxCON: ENHANCED PWM CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 PxRSEN R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 PxDC<6:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 PxRSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit 1 = Upon auto-shutdown, the CCPxASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown e
PIC16(L)F1826/27 PSTRxCON: PWM STEERING CONTROL REGISTER(1) REGISTER 24-5: U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-1/1 — — — STRxSYNC STRxD STRxC STRxB STRxA bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 STRxSYNC: Steering Sync bit 1 = Output steering update
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP1 AND MSSP2) MODULE 25.1 Master SSPx (MSSPx) Module Overview The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSPx) module is a serial interface useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral devices may be Serial EEPROMs, shift registers, display drivers, A/D converters, etc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 The I2C interface supports the following modes and features: Master mode Slave mode Byte NACKing (Slave mode) Limited Multi-master support 7-bit and 10-bit addressing Start and Stop interrupts Interrupt masking Clock stretching Bus collision detection General call address matching Address masking Address Hold and Data Hold modes Selectable SDAx hold times Note 1: In devices with more than one MSSP module, it is very important to pay close attention to SSPxCONx register names.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-3: MSSPX BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C™ SLAVE MODE) Internal Data Bus Read Write SSPxBUF Reg SCLx Shift Clock SSPxSR Reg SDAx MSb LSb SSPxMSK Reg Match Detect Addr Match SSPxADD Reg Start and Stop bit Detect 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.2 SPI Mode Overview The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a synchronous serial data communication bus that operates in Full-Duplex mode. Devices communicate in a master/slave environment where the master device initiates the communication. A slave device is controlled through a Chip Select known as Slave Select.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-4: SPI MASTER AND MULTIPLE SLAVE CONNECTION SPI Master SCKx SCKx SDOx SDIx SDIx SDOx General I/O General I/O SSx General I/O SCKx SDIx SDOx SPI Slave #1 SPI Slave #2 SSx SCKx SDIx SDOx SPI Slave #3 SSx 25.2.1 SPI MODE REGISTERS The MSSPx module has five registers for SPI mode operation.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.2.2 SPI MODE OPERATION When initializing the SPI, several options need to be specified. This is done by programming the appropriate control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.2.3 SPI MASTER MODE The master can initiate the data transfer at any time because it controls the SCKx line. The master determines when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 25-5) is to broadcast data by the software protocol. In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as soon as the SSPxBUF register is written to. If the SPI is only going to receive, the SDOx output could be disabled (programmed as an input).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.2.4 SPI SLAVE MODE In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as external clock pulses appear on SCKx. When the last bit is latched, the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set. Before enabling the module in SPI Slave mode, the clock line must match the proper Idle state. The clock line can be observed by reading the SCKx pin. The Idle state is determined by the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-7: SPI DAISY-CHAIN CONNECTION SPI Master SCK SCK SDOx SDIx SDIx SDOx General I/O SPI Slave #1 SSx SCK SDIx SDOx SPI Slave #2 SSx SCK SDIx SDOx SPI Slave #3 SSx FIGURE 25-8: SLAVE SELECT SYNCHRONOUS WAVEFORM SSx SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 0) Write to SSPxBUF Shift register SSPxSR and bit count are reset SSPxBUF to SSPxSR SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 7 SDIx bit 6 bit 0 bit 0 bit 7 bit 7 Input Sample SSPxIF Interrupt Flag SSPxSR to SSPxBUF 2011
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-9: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0) SSx Optional SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 0) Write to SSPxBUF Valid SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 SDIx bit 0 bit 7 Input Sample SSPxIF Interrupt Flag SSPxSR to SSPxBUF Write Collision detection active FIGURE 25-10: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1) SSx Not Optional SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 1) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 1) Write to SSPxBUF Valid SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.2.6 SPI OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating at a different speed than when in full power mode; in the case of the Sleep mode, all clocks are halted. Special care must be taken by the user when the MSSPx clock is much faster than the system clock. In Slave mode, when MSSPx interrupts are enabled, after the master completes sending data, an MSSPx interrupt will wake the controller from Sleep.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.3 I2C MODE OVERVIEW FIGURE 25-11: The Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus (I²C) is a multi-master serial data communication bus. Devices communicate in a master/slave environment where the master devices initiate the communication. A Slave device is controlled through addressing. VDD SCLx The I2C bus specifies two signal connections: • Serial Clock (SCLx) • Serial Data (SDAx) Figure 25-11 shows the block diagram of the MSSPx module when operating in I2C Mode.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 When one device is transmitting a logical one, or letting the line float, and a second device is transmitting a logical zero, or holding the line low, the first device can detect that the line is not a logical one. This detection, when used on the SCLx line, is called clock stretching. Clock stretching gives slave devices a mechanism to control the flow of data. When this detection is used on the SDAx line, it is called arbitration.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.4 I2C MODE OPERATION All MSSPx I2C communication is byte oriented and shifted out MSb first. Six SFR registers and 2 interrupt flags interface the module with the PIC® microcontroller and user software. Two pins, SDAx and SCLx, are exercised by the module to communicate with other external I2C devices. 25.4.1 BYTE FORMAT All communication in I2C is done in 9-bit segments. A byte is sent from a Master to a Slave or vice-versa, followed by an Acknowledge bit sent back.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.4.5 25.4.7 START CONDITION The I2C specification defines a Start condition as a transition of SDAx from a high to a low state while SCLx line is high. A Start condition is always generated by the master and signifies the transition of the bus from an Idle to an Active state. Figure 25-10 shows wave forms for Start and Stop conditions. A Restart is valid any time that a Stop would be valid.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.4.9 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE The 9th SCLx pulse for any transferred byte in I2C is dedicated as an Acknowledge. It allows receiving devices to respond back to the transmitter by pulling the SDAx line low. The transmitter must release control of the line during this time to shift in the response. The Acknowledge (ACK) is an active-low signal, pulling the SDAx line low indicated to the transmitter that the device has received the transmitted data and is ready to receive more.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.2 SLAVE RECEPTION When the R/W bit of a matching received address byte is clear, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT register is cleared. The received address is loaded into the SSPxBUF register and acknowledged. When the overflow condition exists for a received address, then not Acknowledge is given. An overflow condition is defined as either bit BF of the SSPxSTAT register is set, or bit SSPxOV of the SSPxCON1 register is set. The BOEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register modifies this operation.
DS41391D-page 248 SSPxOV BF SSPxIF S 1 A7 2 A6 3 A5 4 A4 5 A3 6 A2 7 A1 8 9 ACK 1 D7 2 D6 4 D4 5 D3 6 D2 7 D1 SSPxBUF is read Cleared by software 3 D5 Receiving Data 8 9 2 D6 First byte of data is available in SSPxBUF 1 D0 ACK D7 4 D4 5 D3 6 D2 7 D1 8 D0 SSPxOV set because SSPxBUF is still full. ACK is not sent.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. CKP SSPxOV BF SSPxIF 1 SCLx S A7 2 A6 3 A5 4 A4 5 A3 6 A2 7 A1 8 9 R/W=0 ACK SEN 2 D6 3 D5 4 D4 5 D3 6 D2 7 D1 8 D0 CKP is written to ‘1’ in software, releasing SCLx SSPxBUF is read Cleared by software Clock is held low until CKP is set to ‘1’ 1 D7 Receive Data 9 ACK SEN 3 D5 4 D4 5 D3 First byte of data is available in SSPxBUF 6 D2 7 D1 SSPxOV set because SSPxBUF is still full. ACK is not sent.
DS41391D-page 250 P S ACKTIM CKP ACKDT BF SSPxIF S Receiving Address 1 3 5 6 7 8 ACK the received byte Slave software clears ACKDT to Address is read from SSBUF If AHEN = 1: SSPxIF is set 4 ACKTIM set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx When AHEN=1: CKP is cleared by hardware and SCLx is stretched 2 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 Receiving Data 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 ACKTIM cleared by hardware in 9th rising edge of SCLx When DHEN=1: CKP is cleared by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx S
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.3 SLAVE TRANSMISSION 25.5.3.2 7-bit Transmission When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set. The received address is loaded into the SSPxBUF register, and an ACK pulse is sent by the slave on the ninth bit. A master device can transmit a read request to a slave, and then clock data out of the slave.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.3.3 7-bit Transmission with Address Hold Enabled Setting the AHEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register enables additional clock stretching and interrupt generation after the 8th falling edge of a received matching address. Once a matching address has been clocked in, CKP is cleared and the SSPxIF interrupt is set. Figure 25-18 displays a standard waveform of a 7-bit Address Slave Transmission with AHEN enabled. 1. 2. Bus starts Idle.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. D/A R/W ACKTIM CKP ACKSTAT ACKDT BF SSPxIF S Receiving Address 2 4 5 6 7 8 Slave clears ACKDT to ACK address ACKTIM is set on 8th falling edge of SCLx 9 ACK When R/W = 1; CKP is always cleared after ACK R/W = 1 Received address is read from SSPxBUF 3 When AHEN = 1; CKP is cleared by hardware after receiving matching address.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.4 SLAVE MODE 10-BIT ADDRESS RECEPTION This section describes a standard sequence of events for the MSSPx module configured as an I2C Slave in 10-bit Addressing mode. Figure 25-19 is used as a visual reference for this description. This is a step by step process of what must be done by slave software to accomplish I2C communication. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Bus starts Idle. Master sends Start condition; S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41391D-page 258 ACKTIM CKP UA ACKDT BF 2 1 5 0 6 A9 7 A8 Set by hardware on 9th falling edge 4 1 ACKTIM is set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx If when AHEN = 1; on the 8th falling edge of SCLx of an address byte, CKP is cleared Slave software clears ACKDT to ACK the received byte 3 1 8 R/W = 0 9 ACK UA 2 A6 3 A5 4 A4 5 A3 6 A2 7 A1 Update to SSPxADD is not allowed until 9th falling edge of SCLx SSPxBUF can be read anytime before the next received byte Clear
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.6 CLOCK STRETCHING 25.5.6.2 Clock stretching occurs when a device on the bus holds the SCLx line low effectively pausing communication. The slave may stretch the clock to allow more time to handle data or prepare a response for the master device. A master device is not concerned with stretching as anytime it is active on the bus and not transferring data it is stretching.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.5.8 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SUPPORT In 10-bit Address mode, the UA bit will not be set on the reception of the general call address. The slave will prepare to receive the second byte as data, just as it would in 7-bit mode. The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that the first byte after the Start condition usually determines which device will be the slave addressed by the master device. The exception is the general call address which can address all devices.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6 I2C MASTER MODE Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the appropriate SSPxM bits in the SSPxCON1 register and by setting the SSPxEN bit. In Master mode, the SDAx and SCKx pins must be configured as inputs. The MSSP peripheral hardware will override the output driver TRIS controls when necessary to drive the pins low. Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt generation on the detection of the Start and Stop conditions.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.2 CLOCK ARBITRATION Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition, releases the SCLx pin (SCLx allowed to float high). When the SCLx pin is allowed to float high, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting until the SCLx pin is actually sampled high. When the SCLx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<7:0> and begins counting.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.4 I2C MASTER MODE START by hardware; the Baud Rate Generator is suspended, leaving the SDAx line held low and the Start condition is complete. CONDITION TIMING To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start Enable bit, SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register. If the SDAx and SCLx pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<7:0> and starts its count.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.5 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED SSPxCON2 register will be automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will not be reloaded, leaving the SDAx pin held low. As soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDAx and SCLx pins, the S bit of the SSPxSTAT register will be set. The SSPxIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator has timed out.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.6 I2C MASTER MODE TRANSMISSION Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the other half of a 10-bit address is accomplished by simply writing a value to the SSPxBUF register. This action will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF and allow the Baud Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted out onto the SDAx pin after the falling edge of SCLx is asserted.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.7 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION Master mode reception is enabled by programming the Receive Enable bit, RCEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register. Note: The MSSPx module must be in an Idle state before the RCEN bit is set or the RCEN bit will be disregarded. The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each rollover, the state of the SCLx pin changes (high-to-low/low-to-high) and data is shifted into the SSPxSR.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.8 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE TIMING 25.6.9 A Stop bit is asserted on the SDAx pin at the end of a receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable bit, PEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register. At the end of a receive/transmit, the SCLx line is held low after the falling edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the master will assert the SDAx line low. When the SDAx line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and counts down to ‘0’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-31: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE SCLx = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDAx = 1 for TBRG after SDAx sampled high. P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set. Write to SSPxCON2, set PEN PEN bit (SSPxCON2<2>) is cleared by hardware and the SSPxIF bit is set Falling edge of 9th clock TBRG SCLx SDAx ACK P TBRG TBRG TBRG SCLx brought high after TBRG SDAx asserted low before rising edge of clock to setup Stop condition Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period. 25.6.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-32: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE Data changes while SCLx = 0 SDAx line pulled low by another source SDAx released by master Sample SDAx. While SCLx is high, data does not match what is driven by the master. Bus collision has occurred. SDAx SCLx Set bus collision interrupt (BCLxIF) BCLxIF DS41391D-page 272 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.13.1 Bus Collision During a Start Condition During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if: a) b) SDAx or SCLx are sampled low at the beginning of the Start condition (Figure 25-32). SCLx is sampled low before SDAx is asserted low (Figure 25-33). During a Start condition, both the SDAx and the SCLx pins are monitored. If the SDAx pin is sampled low during this count, the BRG is reset and the SDAx line is asserted early (Figure 25-34).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 25-34: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCLX = 0) SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1 TBRG TBRG SDAx Set SEN, enable Start sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 SCLx SCLx = 0 before SDAx = 0, bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF. SEN SCLx = 0 before BRG time-out, bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.13.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition If SDAx is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, Figure 25-35). If SDAx is sampled high, the BRG is reloaded and begins counting. If SDAx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs because no two masters can assert SDAx at exactly the same time.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.6.13.3 Bus Collision During a Stop Condition The Stop condition begins with SDAx asserted low. When SDAx is sampled low, the SCLx pin is allowed to float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with SSPxADD and counts down to 0. After the BRG times out, SDAx is sampled. If SDAx is sampled low, a bus collision has occurred. This is due to another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 25-37).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 25-3: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C™ OPERATION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on Page: GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 86 PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 87 PIE2 OSFIE C2IE C1IE EEIE BCL1IE — — CCP2IE(1) 88 SSP2IE 90 91 Name INTCON PIE4 — — — — — — BCL2IE PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF RCIF TXIF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF PIR2 OSFIF C2IF C1IF EEIF BCL1IF —
PIC16(L)F1826/27 25.7 BAUD RATE GENERATOR The MSSPx module has a Baud Rate Generator available for clock generation in both I2C and SPI Master modes. The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) reload value is placed in the SSPxADD register (Register 25-6). When a write occurs to SSPxBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will automatically begin counting down. Once the given operation is complete, the internal clock will automatically stop counting and the clock pin will remain in its last state. module clock line.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 25-1: SSPxSTAT: SSPx STATUS REGISTER R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 SMP: SPI Data Input Sample bit SPI Master mode: 1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time 0 = Input data sa
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 25-2: SSPxCON1: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/C/HS-0/0 R/C/HS-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 WCOL SSPxOV SSPxEN CKP R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 SSPxM<3:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared HS = Bit is set by hardware C = User cleared bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit Master mo
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 25-3: SSPxCON2: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 2 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/S/HS-0/0 R/S/HS-0/0 R/S/HS-0/0 R/S/HS-0/0 R/W/HS-0/0 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared HC = Cleared by hardware S = User set bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 25-4: SSPxCON3: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 3 R-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 ACKTIM PCIE SCIE BOEN SDAHT SBCDE AHEN DHEN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 ACKTIM: Acknowledge Time Status bit (I2C mode only)(3) 1 = Indicates the I2C bus is
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 25-5: R/W-1/1 SSPxMSK: SSPx MASK REGISTER R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 R/W-1/1 MSK<7:0> bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-1 MSK<7:1>: Mask bits 1 = The received address bit n is compared to SSPxADD to detect I2C address match 0 = The received address
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 284 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 26-2: EUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM SPEN CREN RX/DT pin Baud Rate Generator Data Recovery FOSC BRG16 SPBRGH SPBRGL Multiplier x4 x16 x64 SYNC 1 X 0 0 0 BRGH X 1 1 0 0 BRG16 X 1 0 1 0 Stop RCIDL RSR Register MSb Pin Buffer and Control +1 OERR (8) ••• 7 1 LSb 0 START RX9 ÷n n FERR RX9D RCREG Register 8 FIFO Data Bus RCIF RCIE Interrupt The operation of the EUSART module is controlled through three registers: • Transmit Status and Control (TXSTA)
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.1 EUSART Asynchronous Mode The EUSART transmits and receives data using the standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format. NRZ is implemented with two levels: a VOH mark state which represents a ‘1’ data bit, and a VOL space state which represents a ‘0’ data bit. NRZ refers to the fact that consecutively transmitted data bits of the same value stay at the output level of that bit without returning to a neutral level between each bit transmission.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.1.1.5 TSR Status 26.1.1.7 The TRMT bit of the TXSTA register indicates the status of the TSR register. This is a read-only bit. The TRMT bit is set when the TSR register is empty and is cleared when a character is transferred to the TSR register from the TXREG. The TRMT bit remains clear until all bits have been shifted out of the TSR register. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user has to poll this bit to determine the TSR status. Note: 26.1.1.6 1. 2. 3.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-1: Name SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page APFCON0 RXDTSEL SDO1SEL SS1SEL P2BSEL(1) CCP2SEL(1) P1DSEL P1CSEL CCP1SEL 119 APFCON1 — — — — — — — TXCKSEL 119 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 296 GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 86 PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 87 PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF RC
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.1.2 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER The Asynchronous mode is typically used in RS-232 systems. The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 26-2. The data is received on the RX/DT pin and drives the data recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a high-speed shifter operating at 16 times the baud rate, whereas the serial Receive Shift Register (RSR) operates at the bit rate.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.1.2.4 Receive Framing Error Each character in the receive FIFO buffer has a corresponding framing error Status bit. A framing error indicates that a Stop bit was not seen at the expected time. The framing error status is accessed via the FERR bit of the RCSTA register. The FERR bit represents the status of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. Therefore, the FERR bit must be read before reading the RCREG.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.1.2.8 Asynchronous Reception Set-up: 26.1.2.9 1. Initialize the SPBRGH, SPBRGL register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 26.3 “EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)”). 2. Clear the ANSEL bit for the RX pin (if applicable). 3. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit. The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous operation. 4. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE bit of the PIE1 register and the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-2: Name APFCON0 SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 RXDTSEL SDO1SEL SS1SEL Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page P1DSEL P1CSEL CCP1SEL 119 Bit 3 P2BSEL(1) CCP2SEL(1) APFCON1 — — — — — — — TXCKSEL 119 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 296 GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 86 PIE1 INTCON TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 87 PIR1 TMR1GIF ADIF
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.2 Clock Accuracy with Asynchronous Operation The factory calibrates the internal oscillator block output (INTOSC). However, the INTOSC frequency may drift as VDD or temperature changes, and this directly affects the asynchronous baud rate. Two methods may be used to adjust the baud rate clock, but both require a reference clock source of some kind. REGISTER 26-1: The first (preferred) method uses the OSCTUNE register to adjust the INTOSC output.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER(1) REGISTER 26-2: R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 R-0/0 SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit 1 = Serial port enabled (configures RX/DT and TX/CK
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 26-3: BAUDCON: BAUD RATE CONTROL REGISTER R-0/0 R-1/1 U-0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 U-0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Detect Overflow bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Auto-baud timer overflowed 0 = Auto-b
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.3 EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG) The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is an 8-bit or 16-bit timer that is dedicated to the support of both the asynchronous and synchronous EUSART operation. By default, the BRG operates in 8-bit mode. Setting the BRG16 bit of the BAUDCON register selects 16-bit mode. The SPBRGH, SPBRGL register pair determines the period of the free running baud rate timer.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-3: BAUD RATE FORMULAS Configuration Bits BRG/EUSART Mode Baud Rate Formula 0 8-bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[64 (n+1)] 0 1 8-bit/Asynchronous 0 1 0 16-bit/Asynchronous 0 1 1 16-bit/Asynchronous 1 0 x 8-bit/Synchronous 1 x 16-bit/Synchronous SYNC BRG16 BRGH 0 0 0 1 Legend: Name BAUDCON SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BAUD RATE GENERATOR Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0 BAUD RATE FOSC = 32.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) FOSC = 20.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) FOSC = 18.432 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1200 — — — 1221 1.73 255 1200 0.00 239 1200 0.00 143 2400 2404 0.16 207 2404 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED) SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0 BAUD RATE FOSC = 8.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) FOSC = 4.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) FOSC = 3.6864 MHz Actual Rate FOSC = 1.000 MHz % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 1200 — — — — — — — 1202 — 0.16 — 207 — 1200 — 0.00 — 191 300 1202 0.16 0.16 207 51 2400 2404 0.16 207 2404 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED) SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1 BAUD RATE FOSC = 32.000 MHz FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 1200 300.0 1200 0.00 0.00 26666 6666 300.0 1200 0.00 -0.01 16665 4166 300.0 1200 0.00 0.00 15359 3839 300.0 1200 0.00 0.00 9215 2303 2400 2400 0.01 3332 2400 0.02 2082 2400 0.00 1919 2400 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.3.1 AUTO-BAUD DETECT The EUSART module supports automatic detection and calibration of the baud rate. In the Auto-Baud Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the incoming RX signal, the RX signal is timing the BRG. The Baud Rate Generator is used to time the period of a received 55h (ASCII “U”) which is the Sync character for the LIN bus. The unique feature of this character is that it has five rising edges including the Stop bit edge.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.3.2 AUTO-BAUD OVERFLOW During the course of automatic baud detection, the ABDOVF bit of the BAUDCON register will be set if the baud rate counter overflows before the fifth rising edge is detected on the RX pin. The ABDOVF bit indicates that the counter has exceeded the maximum count that can fit in the 16 bits of the SPBRGH:SPBRGL register pair. After the ABDOVF has been set, the counter continues to count until the fifth rising edge is detected on the RX pin.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 26-7: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMING DURING NORMAL OPERATION Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 Auto Cleared Bit set by user WUE bit RX/DT Line RCIF Note 1: Cleared due to User Read of RCREG The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.3.4 BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE The EUSART module has the capability of sending the special Break character sequences that are required by the LIN bus standard. A Break character consists of a Start bit, followed by 12 ‘0’ bits and a Stop bit. To send a Break character, set the SENDB and TXEN bits of the TXSTA register. The Break character transmission is then initiated by a write to the TXREG. The value of data written to TXREG will be ignored and all ‘0’s will be transmitted.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.4 EUSART Synchronous Mode Synchronous serial communications are typically used in systems with a single master and one or more slaves. The master device contains the necessary circuitry for baud rate generation and supplies the clock for all devices in the system. Slave devices can take advantage of the master clock by eliminating the internal clock generation circuitry. There are two signal lines in Synchronous mode: a bidirectional data line and a clock line.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 26-10: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION RX/DT pin bit 0 bit 1 Word 1 bit 2 bit 7 bit 0 bit 1 Word 2 bit 7 TX/CK pin (SCKP = 0) TX/CK pin (SCKP = 1) Write to TXREG Reg Write Word 1 Write Word 2 TXIF bit (Interrupt Flag) TRMT bit TXEN bit Note: ‘1’ ‘1’ Sync Master mode, SPBRGL = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 26-7: Name APFCON0 SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 RXDTSEL SDO1SEL SS1SEL Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page P1DSEL P1CSEL CCP1SEL 119 Bit 3 P2BSEL(1) CCP2SEL(1) APFCON1 — — — — — — — TXCKSEL 119 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 296 GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE IOCIE TMR0IF INTF IOCIF 86 PIE1 TMR1GIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 87 PIR1 TMR1GIF ADI
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.4.1.5 Synchronous Master Reception Data is received at the RX/DT pin. The RX/DT pin output driver is automatically disabled when the EUSART is configured for synchronous master receive operation. In Synchronous mode, reception is enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit (SREN of the RCSTA register) or the Continuous Receive Enable bit (CREN of the RCSTA register).
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 26-12: SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN) RX/DT pin bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 TX/CK pin (SCKP = 0) TX/CK pin (SCKP = 1) Write to bit SREN SREN bit CREN bit ‘0’ ‘0’ RCIF bit (Interrupt) Read RCREG Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRGH = 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.4.2 SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE MODE The following bits are used to configure the EUSART for Synchronous slave operation: • • • • • SYNC = 1 CSRC = 0 SREN = 0 (for transmit); SREN = 1 (for receive) CREN = 0 (for transmit); CREN = 1 (for receive) SPEN = 1 1. 2. 3. 4. Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device for synchronous operation. Clearing the CSRC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device as a slave.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.4.2.3 EUSART Synchronous Slave Reception 26.4.2.4 The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave modes is identical (Section 26.4.1.5 “Synchronous Master Reception”), with the following exceptions: • Sleep • CREN bit is always set, therefore the receiver is never Idle • SREN bit, which is a “don’t care” in Slave mode 1. 2. 3. A character may be received while in Sleep mode by setting the CREN bit prior to entering Sleep.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 26.5 EUSART Operation During Sleep The EUSART will remain active during Sleep only in the Synchronous Slave mode. All other modes require the system clock and therefore cannot generate the necessary signals to run the Transmit or Receive Shift registers during Sleep. Synchronous Slave mode uses an externally generated clock to run the Transmit and Receive Shift registers. 26.5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 314 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 27.0 CAPACITIVE SENSING MODULE The capacitive sensing module allows for an interaction with an end user without a mechanical interface. In a typical application, the capacitive sensing module is attached to a pad on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which is electrically isolated from the end user. When the end user places their finger over the PCB pad, a capacitive load is added, causing a frequency shift in the capacitive sensing module.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 27.1 Analog MUX 27.4.1 TIMER0 The capacitive sensing module can monitor up to 12 inputs. The capacitive sensing inputs are defined as CPS<11:0>.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 27.5 Software Control The software portion of the capacitive sensing module is required to determine the change in frequency of the capacitive sensing oscillator. This is accomplished by the following: • Setting a fixed time base to acquire counts on Timer0 or Timer1 • Establishing the nominal frequency for the capacitive sensing oscillator • Establishing the reduced frequency for the capacitive sensing oscillator due to an additional capacitive load • Set the frequency threshold 27.5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 27-1: CPSCON0: CAPACITIVE SENSING CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0/0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R-0/0 R/W-0/0 CPSON — — — CPSRNG1 CPSRNG0 CPSOUT T0XCS bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7 CPSON: Capacitive Sensing Module Enable bit 1 = Capacitive sensing module is enabled 0
PIC16(L)F1826/27 REGISTER 27-2: CPSCON1: CAPACITIVE SENSING CONTROL REGISTER 1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 R/W-0/0 — — — — CPSCH3 CPSCH2 CPSCH1 CPSCH0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ u = Bit is unchanged x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 3-0 CPSCH<3:0>: Capacitive Sensing Channel Select bits If
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 320 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 28.0 IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING™ (ICSP™) ICSP™ programming allows customers to manufacture circuit boards with unprogrammed devices. Programming can be done after the assembly process allowing the device to be programmed with the most recent firmware or a custom firmware. Five pins are needed for ICSP™ programming: • ICSPCLK • ICSPDAT • MCLR/VPP • VDD • VSS In Program/Verify mode the Program Memory, User IDs and the Configuration Words are programmed through serial communications.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 28.2 FIGURE 28-2: Low-Voltage Programming Entry Mode The Low-Voltage Programming Entry mode allows the PIC16(L)F1826/27 devices to be programmed using VDD only, without high voltage. When the LVP bit of Configuration Word 2 is set to ‘1’, the low-voltage ICSP programming entry is enabled. To disable the Low-Voltage ICSP mode, the LVP bit must be programmed to ‘0’. VDD Entry into the Low-Voltage Programming Entry mode requires the following steps: 1. 2.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 For additional interface recommendations, refer to your specific device programmer manual prior to PCB design. It is recommended that isolation devices be used to separate the programming pins from other circuitry. The type of isolation is highly dependent on the specific application and may include devices such as resistors, diodes, or even jumpers. See Figure 28-4 for more information.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 324 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 29.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY 29.1 Read-Modify-Write Operations • Byte Oriented • Bit Oriented • Literal and Control Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W) operation. The register is read, the data is modified, and the result is stored according to either the instruction, or the destination designator ‘d’. A read operation is performed on a register even if the instruction writes to that register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 29-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS Byte-oriented file register operations 13 8 7 6 OPCODE d f (FILE #) 0 d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 7-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 13 10 9 7 6 OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) 0 b = 3-bit bit address f = 7-bit file register address Literal and control operations General 13 OPCODE 8 7 0 k (literal) k = 8-bit immediate value CALL and GOTO instructions only 13 11 10 OPCODE 0 k (literal)
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 29-3: PIC16(L)F1826/27 ENHANCED INSTRUCTION SET 14-Bit Opcode Mnemonic, Operands Description Cycles MSb LSb Status Affected Notes BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS ADDWF ADDWFC ANDWF ASRF LSLF LSRF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF INCF IORWF MOVF MOVWF RLF RRF SUBWF SUBWFB SWAPF XORWF f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f – f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d Add W and f Add with Carry W and f AND W with f Arithmetic Right Shift Logical Left Shift Logical Right Shift
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 29-3: PIC16(L)F1826/27 ENHANCED INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED) Mnemonic, Operands 14-Bit Opcode Description Cycles MSb LSb Status Affected Notes CONTROL OPERATIONS BRA BRW CALL CALLW GOTO RETFIE RETLW RETURN k – k – k k k – Relative Branch Relative Branch with W Call Subroutine Call Subroutine with W Go to address Return from interrupt Return with literal in W Return from Subroutine CLRWDT NOP OPTION RESET SLEEP TRIS – – – – – f Clear Watchdog Timer No Operation Load OPTION_
PIC16(L)F1826/27 29.2 Instruction Descriptions ADDFSR Add Literal to FSRn ANDLW AND literal with W Syntax: [ label ] ADDFSR FSRn, k Syntax: [ label ] ANDLW Operands: -32 k 31 n [ 0, 1] Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: (W) .AND. (k) (W) Operation: FSR(n) + k FSR(n) Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None Description: Description: The signed 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the contents of the FSRnH:FSRnL register pair.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 BCF Bit Clear f Syntax: [ label ] BCF BTFSC f,b Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Syntax: [ label ] BTFSC f,b 0 f 127 0b7 Operands: 0 f 127 0b7 Operands: Operation: 0 (f) Operation: skip if (f) = 0 Status Affected: None Status Affected: None Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared. Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, the next instruction is executed.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 CALL Call Subroutine CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer Syntax: [ label ] CALL k Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT Operands: 0 k 2047 Operands: None Operation: (PC)+ 1 TOS, k PC<10:0>, (PCLATH<6:3>) PC<14:11> Operation: Status Affected: None 00h WDT 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO 1 PD Description: Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC + 1) is pushed onto the stack. The eleven-bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <10:0>.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0 INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0 Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f,d Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operation: (f) - 1 (destination); skip if result = 0 Operation: (f) + 1 (destination), skip if result = 0 Status Affected: None Status Affected: None Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in the W register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 LSLF Logical Left Shift MOVF Syntax: [ label ] LSLF Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operation: (f<7>) C (f<6:0>) dest<7:1> 0 dest<0> Operation: (f) (dest) f {,d} Status Affected: C, Z Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are shifted one bit to the left through the Carry flag. A ‘0’ is shifted into the LSb. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register ‘f’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 MOVIW Move INDFn to W MOVLP Syntax: [ label ] MOVIW ++FSRn [ label ] MOVIW --FSRn [ label ] MOVIW FSRn++ [ label ] MOVIW FSRn-[ label ] MOVIW k[FSRn] Syntax: [ label ] MOVLP k Operands: 0 k 127 Operands: n [0,1] mm [00,01, 10, 11] -32 k 31 Operation: INDFn W Effective address is determined by • FSR + 1 (preincrement) • FSR - 1 (predecrement) • FSR + k (relative offset) After the Move, the FSR value will be either: • FSR + 1 (all increments) • FSR - 1 (all decrement
PIC16(L)F1826/27 MOVWI Move W to INDFn NOP No Operation Syntax: [ label ] MOVWI ++FSRn [ label ] MOVWI --FSRn [ label ] MOVWI FSRn++ [ label ] MOVWI FSRn-[ label ] MOVWI k[FSRn] Syntax: [ label ] Operands: None n [0,1] mm [00,01, 10, 11] -32 k 31 Description: No operation.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 RETFIE Return from Interrupt RETURN Return from Subroutine Syntax: [ label ] Syntax: [ label ] None RETFIE RETURN Operands: None Operands: Operation: TOS PC, 1 GIE Operation: TOS PC Status Affected: None Status Affected: None Description: Description: Return from Interrupt. Stack is POPed and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded in the PC. Interrupts are enabled by setting Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). This is a two-cycle instruction.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 SUBLW Subtract W from literal Syntax: [ label ] RRF Rotate Right f through Carry Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operation: See description below Status Affected: C, DC, Z Status Affected: C Description: Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in register ‘f’.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f XORLW Exclusive OR literal with W Syntax: [ label ] Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 127 d [0,1] Operands: 0 k 255 (f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>), (f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>) Operation: (W) .XOR. k W) Status Affected: Z Description: The contents of the W register are XOR’ed with the eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in the W register.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Absolute Maximum Ratings(†) Ambient temperature under bias....................................................................................................... -40°C to +125°C Storage temperature ......................................................................................................................... -65°C to +150°C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS, PIC16F1826/27 .........................................................................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 PIC16F1826/27 VOLTAGE FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40°C TA +125°C FIGURE 30-1: Vdd (V) 5.5 2.5 1.8 0 4 10 16 32 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: Refer to Table 30-1 for each Oscillator mode’s supported frequencies. PIC16LF1826/27 VOLTAGE FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40°C TA +125°C Vdd (V) FIGURE 30-2: 3.6 2.5 1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-3: HFINTOSC FREQUENCY ACCURACY OVER DEVICE VDD AND TEMPERATURE 125 ± 5% Temperature (°C) 85 ± 3% 60 25 ± 2% 0 -20 -40 1.8 ± 5% 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VDD (V) 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Industrial, Extended) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param. No. D001 Sym. VDD D001 D002* VDR D002* Characteristic Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-4: POR AND POR REARM WITH SLOW RISING VDD VDD VPOR VPORR VSS NPOR POR REARM VSS TVLOW(2) Note 1: 2: 3: TPOR(3) When NPOR is low, the device is held in Reset. TPOR 1 s typical. TVLOW 2.7 s typical. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Industrial, Extended) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Conditions Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Industrial, Extended) (Continued) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Conditions Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Industrial, Extended) (Continued) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Conditions Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Power-Down) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Power-down Base Current Min. Typ† Conditions Max. +85°C Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Power-Down) (Continued) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Min.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E (Power-Down) (Continued) PIC16LF1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended PIC16F1826/27 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Param No. Device Characteristics Min.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Sym. VIL Characteristic Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial -40°C TA +125°C for extended Min. Typ† Max. Units — — with Schmitt Trigger buffer with I2C™ levels Conditions — 0.8 V 4.5V VDD 5.5V — 0.15 VDD V 1.8V VDD 4.5V — — 0.2 VDD V 2.0V VDD 5.5V — — 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.5 Memory Programming Requirements Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +125°C DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions Program Memory Programming Specifications D110 VIHH Voltage on MCLR/VPP/RA5 pin 8.0 — 9.0 V D111 IDDP Supply Current during Programming — — 10 mA VDD for Bulk Erase 2.7 — VDD max. V D112 D113 VPEW VDD for Write or Row Erase VDD min. — VDD max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.6 Thermal Considerations Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. TH01 TH02 TH03 TH04 TH05 Sym. Characteristic Typ. Units JA Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient 65.5 C/W 18-pin PDIP package 76 C/W 18-pin SOIC package 89.3 C/W 20-pin SSOP package TBD C/W 28-pin UQFN 4x4mm package 31.1 C/W 28-pin QFN 6x6mm package 29.5 C/W 18-pin PDIP package 23.5 C/W 18-pin SOIC package 31.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.7 Timing Parameter Symbology The timing parameter symbols have been created with one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 30.8 AC Characteristics: PIC16(L)F1826/27-I/E FIGURE 30-6: CLOCK TIMING Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 OSC1/CLKIN OS02 OS04 OS04 OS03 OSC2/CLKOUT (LP,XT,HS Modes) OSC2/CLKOUT (CLKOUT Mode) TABLE 30-1: CLOCK OSCILLATOR TIMING REQUIREMENTS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. OS01 Sym.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-2: OSCILLATOR PARAMETERS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. OS08 Sym. HFOSC OS08A MFOSC Freq. Tolerance Min. Typ† Max. Units Internal Calibrated HFINTOSC Frequency(2) 2% — 16.0 — MHz 0°C TA +60°C, VDD 2.5V 3% — 16.0 — MHz 60°C TA +85°C, VDD 2.5V 5% — 16.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-7: Cycle CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING Write Fetch Q1 Q4 Read Execute Q2 Q3 FOSC OS12 OS11 OS20 OS21 CLKOUT OS19 OS16 OS13 OS18 OS17 I/O pin (Input) OS14 OS15 I/O pin (Output) New Value Old Value OS18, OS19 DS41391D-page 356 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-4: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING PARAMETERS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. Sym.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-9: BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING AND CHARACTERISTICS Vdd VBOR and VHYST VBOR (Device in Brown-out Reset) (Device not in Brown-out Rese 37 Reset (due to BOR) 33(1) Note 1: 64 ms delay only if PWRTE bit in the Configuration Word 1 is programmed to ‘0’. 2 ms delay if PWRTE = 0 and VREGEN = 1. DS41391D-page 358 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-5: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER AND BROWN-OUT RESET PARAMETERS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-6: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param No. 40* Sym. Characteristic TT0H T0CKI High Pulse Width Min. No Prescaler TT0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler TT0P T0CKI Period 45* TT1H T1CKI High Synchronous, No Prescaler Time Synchronous, with Prescaler — — ns — — ns 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns 10 — — ns Greater of: 20 or TCY + 40 N — — ns 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-8: PIC16(L)F1826/27 A/D CONVERTER (ADC) CHARACTERISTICS: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature Tested at +25°C Param Sym. No. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions AD01 NR Resolution — — 10 AD02 EIL Integral Error — — ±1.7 AD03 EDL Differential Error — — ±1 AD04 EOFF Offset Error — — ±2.5 LSb VREF = 3.0V AD05 EGN LSb VREF = 3.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-12: PIC16(L)F1826/27 A/D CONVERSION TIMING (NORMAL MODE) BSF ADCON0, GO AD134 1 Tcy (TOSC/2(1)) AD131 Q4 AD130 A/D CLK 7 A/D Data 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NEW_DATA OLD_DATA ADRES 1 Tcy ADIF GO DONE Sampling Stopped AD132 Sample Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-10: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS Operating Conditions: 1.8V < VDD < 5.5V, -40°C < TA < +125°C (unless otherwise stated). Param No. Sym. Characteristics Min. Typ. Max. Units CM01 Vioff Input Offset Voltage — ±7.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-14: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING CK US121 US121 DT US122 US120 Note: Refer to Figure 30-5 for load conditions. TABLE 30-12: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40°C TA +125°C Param. No. Symbol Characteristic Min. Max. Units US120 TCKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (Master and Slave) Clock high to data-out valid 3.0-5.5V — 80 ns 1.8-5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-16: SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0, SMP = 0) SSx SP70 SCKx (CKP = 0) SP71 SP72 SP78 SP79 SP79 SP78 SCKx (CKP = 1) SP80 bit 6 - - - - - -1 MSb SDOx LSb SP75, SP76 SDIx MSb In bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In SP74 SP73 Note: Refer to Figure 30-5 for load conditions.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-18: SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0) SSx SP70 SCKx (CKP = 0) SP83 SP71 SP72 SP78 SP79 SP79 SP78 SCKx (CKP = 1) SP80 MSb SDOx LSb bit 6 - - - - - -1 SP77 SP75, SP76 SDIx MSb In bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In SP74 SP73 Note: Refer to Figure 30-5 for load conditions.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-14: SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS Param No. Symbol Characteristic Min. Typ† Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 30-21: I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING SP103 SCLx SP100 SP90 SP102 SP101 SP106 SP107 SP92 SP91 SDAx In SP110 SP109 SP109 SDAx Out Note: Refer to Figure 30-5 for load conditions. TABLE 30-15: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS Param No. Symbol Characteristic SP90* TSU:STA SP91* THD:STA SP92* TSU:STO SP93 THD:STO Stop condition Start condition Typ 4700 — Max.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-16: I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS Param. No. Symbol SP100* THIGH SP101* TLOW SP102* TR SP103* TF SP106* THD:DAT SP107* TSU:DAT SP109* TAA SP110* SP111 * Note 1: 2: TBUF CB Characteristic Clock high time Min. Max. Units Conditions 100 kHz mode 4.0 — s Device must operate at a minimum of 1.5 MHz 400 kHz mode 0.6 — s Device must operate at a minimum of 10 MHz SSPx module 1.5TCY — — 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Device must operate at a minimum of 1.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TABLE 30-17: CAP SENSE OSCILLATOR SPECIFICATIONS Param. No. CS01 CS02 Symbol ISRC ISNK Characteristic Current Source Current Sink CS03 VCTH Cap Threshold CS04 VCTL Cap Threshold CS05 VCHYST CAP HYSTERESIS (VCTH - VCTL) Min. Typ† Max. Units -3 -8 -15 A Medium -0.8 -1.5 -3 A Low -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 A High High 2.5 7.5 14 A Medium 0.6 1.5 2.9 A Low 0.1 0.25 0.6 A — 0.8 — mV — 0.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 31.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND CHARTS The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested. In some graphs or tables, the data presented are outside specified operating range (i.e., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices are ensured to operate properly only within the specified range.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-3: VOH VS. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 3.0V) 3.5 Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 Hysterisis (mV) 3 VOH (V) 2.5 2 Min 125°C Max -40°C Typ 25°C 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 -2.5 -5 -7.5 -10 -12.5 -15 IOH (mA) FIGURE 31-4: 3 VOL VS. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 3.0V) Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 2.5 VOL (V) 2 Typ 25°C Max 125°C Min -40°C 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 IOL (mA) DS41391D-page 372 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-5: VOH VS. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 1.8V) 2 Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 1.8 1.6 Max -40°C VOH (V) 1.4 1.2 Typ 25°C 1 Min 125°C 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -3 -3.5 -4 -4.5 -5 IOH (mA) FIGURE 31-6: 1.8 VOL VS. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 1.8V) Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 1.6 Typ 25°C Max 125°C Min -40°C 1.4 VOL (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IOL (mA) 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-7: 2.100 PIC16(L)F1826/27 RESET VOLTAGE (BOR = 1.9V) Max: High Power + 3 Min: Low Power - 3 2.050 Voltage (V) 2.000 Max 1.950 1.900 Min 1.850 1.800 -40°C 25°C 85°C 125°C Temperature FIGURE 31-8: 2.650 PIC16(L)F1826/27 RESET VOLTAGE (BOR = 1.9V) Max: High Power + 3 Min: Low Power - 3 Max 2.600 Voltage (V) 2.550 2.500 Min 2.450 2.400 2.350 -40°C 25°C 85°C 125°C Temperature DS41391D-page 374 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-9: 1.7 PIC16(L)F1826/27 POR RELEASE Max: High Power + 3 Min: Power+- 3 Max:Low Maximum 3s 1.68 Release Voltage (V) 1.66 Max 1.64 1.62 Typical 1.6 1.58 1.56 Min 1.54 1.52 1.5 -40°C 25°C 85°C 125°C Temperature (Celsius) FIGURE 31-10: 90 PIC16(L)F1826/27 COMPARATOR HYSTERISIS, HIGH-POWER MODE Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 80 Max 125°C Hysterisis (mV) 70 60 50 Typical 25°C 40 30 20 10 Min -40°C 0 1.8 3 3.6 5.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-11: PIC16(L)F1826/27 COMPARATOR HYSTERISIS, LOW-POWER MODE 16 Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 Max 125°C 14 Hysterisis (mV) 12 10 Typical 25°C 8 6 4 Min -40°C 2 0 1.8 5.5 VDD (Volts) FIGURE 31-12: PIC16(L)F1826/27 COMPARATOR OFFSET, HIGH-POWER MODE (VDD = 5.5V) 60 Max: Maximum + 3 Min: Minimum - 3 40 Offset (mV) 20 Max 0 Typical -20 Min -40 -60 0.2 1 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 FIGURE 31-13: 350 PIC16(L)F1826/27 COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME, HIGH-POWER MODE Max: High Power + 3 Max:Low Maximum 3s Min: Power + - 3 300 Max Time (nSeconds) 250 200 150 Typ 100 50 0 1.8 2 2.5 3 3.6 5.5 VDD (Volts) FIGURE 31-14: TYPICAL COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME OVER TEMP, HIGH-POWER MODE 170 -40°C 165 Time (nSeconds) 160 25°C 155 85°C 150 125°C 145 140 135 1.8 2 2.5 3 3.6 5.5 VDD (Volts) 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 378 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 32.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 32.2 MPLAB C Compilers for Various Device Families The MPLAB C Compiler code development systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip’s PIC18, PIC24 and PIC32 families of microcontrollers and the dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 families of digital signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger. 32.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 32.7 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC-hosted environment by simulating the PIC MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be logged to files for further run-time analysis.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 32.11 PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger and PICkit 2 Debug Express 32.13 Demonstration/Development Boards, Evaluation Kits, and Starter Kits The PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer/Debugger is a low-cost development tool with an easy to use interface for programming and debugging Microchip’s Flash families of microcontrollers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 33.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 33.1 Package Marking Information 18-Lead PDIP Example XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 18-Lead SOIC (.300”) XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16F1826-I/P 1110017 Example PIC16C1826-I /SO 1110017 YYWWNNN 20-Lead SSOP Example XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 28-Lead QFN/UQFN XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Legend: XX...
PIC16(L)F1826/27 33.2 Package Details The following sections give the technical details of the packages.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging DS41391D-page 386 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC16(L)F1826/27 /HDG 3ODVWLF 4XDG )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0/ ± [ PP %RG\ >4)1@ ZLWK PP &RQWDFW /HQJWK 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWS ZZZ PLFURFKLS FRP SDFNDJLQJ D D2 EXPOSED PAD e E b E2 2 2 1 1 N K N NOTE 1 L BOTTOM VIEW TOP VIEW A A3 A1 8QLWV 'LPHQVLRQ /LPLWV 1XPEHU RI 3LQV 0,//,0(7(56 0,1 1 120 0$; 3LWFK H 2YHUDOO +HLJKW $ 6WDQGRII $ &RQWDFW 7KL
PIC16(L)F1826/27 /HDG 3ODVWLF 4XDG )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0/ ± [ PP %RG\ >4)1@ ZLWK PP &RQWDFW /HQJWK 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWS ZZZ PLFURFKLS FRP SDFNDJLQJ 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging DS41391D-page 390 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 392 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 APPENDIX A: DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY Revision A APPENDIX B: MIGRATING FROM OTHER PIC® DEVICES This section provides comparisons when migrating devices to the from other similar PIC® PIC16(L)F1826/27 family of devices. Original release (06/2009) Revision B (08/09) Revised Tables 5-3, 6-2, 12-2, 12-3; Updated Electrical Specifications; Added UQFN Package; Added SOIC and QFN Land Patterns; Updated Product ID section.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 394 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 INDEX A A/D Specifications............................................................ 361 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................. 339 AC Characteristics Industrial and Extended ............................................ 354 Load Conditions ........................................................ 353 ACKSTAT ......................................................................... 266 ACKSTAT Status Flag .....................................................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Special Event Trigger........................................ 206 Timer1 Mode Resource ............................ 204, 206 Prescaler ................................................................... 204 PWM Mode Duty Cycle......................................................... 209 Effects of Reset................................................. 211 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 20 MHZ ................................ 210 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 32 MHZ ....
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART)............................... 285 Errata .................................................................................... 8 EUSART ........................................................................... 285 Associated Registers Baud Rate Generator........................................ 298 Asynchronous Mode ................................................. 287 12-bit Break Transmit and Receive ..............
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) IMPEDANCE ...................... 149 Internet Address................................................................ 403 Interrupt-On-Change ......................................................... 131 Associated Registers ................................................ 133 Interrupts ............................................................................. 81 ADC ..........................................................................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 Steering Synchronization .......................................... 224 PWM Mode. See Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM ...... 212 PWM Steering ................................................................... 223 PWMxCON Register ......................................................... 229 R RCREG ............................................................................. 292 RCREG Register................................................................. 29 RCSTA Register ................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 SSP2CON3 Register........................................................... 30 SSP2MSK Register............................................................. 30 SSP2STAT Register ........................................................... 30 SSPxADD Register ........................................................... 283 SSPxCON1 Register......................................................... 280 SSPxCON2 Register.........................................................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 TRISB ............................................................................... 125 TRISB Register ........................................................... 28, 127 Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode ........................................ 61 TXCON (Timer2/4/6) Register .......................................... 191 TXREG.............................................................................. 287 TXREG Register .................................................................
PIC16(L)F1826/27 NOTES: DS41391D-page 402 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE CUSTOMER SUPPORT Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 READER RESPONSE It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document.
PIC16(L)F1826/27 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. X /XX XXX Device Temperature Range Package Pattern Examples: a) b) Device: PIC16F1826(1), PIC16F1827(1), PIC16F1826T(2), PIC16F1827T(2); VDD range 1.8V to 5.5V PIC16LF1826(1), PIC16LF1827(1), PIC16LF1826T(2), PIC16LF1827T(2); VDD range 1.8V to 3.
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