Datasheet


odd
= 
  1
 …  
3
 
2
 
1
 
0
 1
P
even
Parity bit using even parity
P
odd
Parity bit using odd parity
d
n
Data bit n of the character
If used, the parity bit is located between the last data bit and first stop bit of a serial frame.
24.6 USART Initialization
The USART has to be initialized before any communication can take place. The initialization process
normally consists of setting the baud rate, setting frame format and enabling the transmitter or the
receiver depending on the usage. For interrupt driven USART operation, the global interrupt flag should
be cleared (and interrupts globally disabled) when doing the initialization.
Before doing a re-initialization with changed baud rate or frame format, be sure that there are no ongoing
transmissions during the period the registers are changed. The TXC flag (UCSRnA.TXC) can be used to
check that the transmitter has completed all transfers, and the RXC flag can be used to check that there
are no unread data in the receive buffer. The UCSRnA.TXC must be cleared before each transmission
(before UDRn is written) if it is used for this purpose.
The following simple USART initialization code examples show one assembly and one C function that are
equal in functionality. The examples assume asynchronous operation using polling (no interrupts enabled)
and a fixed frame format. The baud rate is given as a function parameter. For the assembly code, the
baud rate parameter is assumed to be stored in the r17, r16 registers.
Assembly Code Example
USART_Init:
; Set baud rate to UBRR0
out UBRR0H, r17
out UBRR0L, r16
; Enable receiver and transmitter
ldi r16, (1<<RXEN0)|(1<<TXEN0)
out UCSR0B,r16
; Set frame format: 8data, 2stop bit
ldi r16, (1<<USBS0)|(3<<UCSZ00)
out UCSR0C,r16
ret
C Code Example
#define FOSC 1843200 // Clock Speed
#define BAUD 9600
#define MYUBRR FOSC/16/BAUD-1
void main( void )
{
...
USART_Init(MYUBRR)
...
}
void USART_Init( unsigned int ubrr)
{
/*Set baud rate */
UBRR0H = (unsigned char)(ubrr>>8);
UBRR0L = (unsigned char)ubrr;
Enable receiver and transmitter */
UCSR0B = (1<<RXEN0)|(1<<TXEN0);
/* Set frame format: 8data, 2stop bit */
ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver ...
© 2018 Microchip Technology Inc.
Datasheet Complete
DS40002011A-page 242