Datasheet

198
ATmega32A [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8155D-AVR-ATmega32A-Datasheet_02/2014
Figure 23-7. ADC Timing Diagram, Free Running Conversion
23.5.1 Differential Gain Channels
When using differential gain channels, certain aspects of the conversion need to be taken into consideration.
Differential conversions are synchronized to the internal clock CK
ADC2
equal to half the ADC clock. This synchroni-
zation is done automatically by the ADC interface in such a way that the sample-and-hold occurs at a specific
phase of CK
ADC2
. A conversion initiated by the user (that is, all single conversions, and the first free running con-
version) when CK
ADC2
is low will take the same amount of time as a single ended conversion (13 ADC clock cycles
from the next prescaled clock cycle). A conversion initiated by the user when CK
ADC2
is high will take 14 ADC clock
cycles due to the synchronization mechanism. In Free Running mode, a new conversion is initiated immediately
after the previous conversion completes, and since CK
ADC2
is high at this time, all automatically started (that is, all
but the first) free running conversions will take 14 ADC clock cycles.
The gain stage is optimized for a bandwidth of 4kHz at all gain settings. Higher frequencies may be subjected to
non-linear amplification. An external low-pass filter should be used if the input signal contains higher frequency
components than the gain stage bandwidth. Note that the ADC clock frequency is independent of the gain stage
bandwidth limitation. For example, the ADC clock period may be 6 µs, allowing a channel to be sampled at
12kSPS, regardless of the bandwidth of this channel.
If differential gain channels are used and conversions are started by Auto Triggering, the ADC must be switched off
between conversions. When Auto Triggering is used, the ADC prescaler is reset before the conversion is started.
Since the gain stage is dependent of a stable ADC clock prior to the conversion, this conversion will not be valid.
By disabling and then re-enabling the ADC between each conversion (writing ADEN in ADCSRA to “0” then to “1”),
only extended conversions are performed. The result from the extended conversions will be valid. See “Prescaling
and Conversion Timing” on page 211 for timing details.
Table 23-1. ADC Conversion Time
Condition
Sample & Hold (Cycles
from Start of Conversion) Conversion Time (Cycles)
First conversion 13.5 25
Normal conversions, single ended 1.5 13
Auto Triggered conversions 2 13.5
Normal conversions, differential 1.5/2.5 13/14
11 12 13
MSB of Result
LSB of Result
ADC Clock
ADSC
ADIF
ADCH
ADCL
Cycle Number
12
One Conversion Next Conversion
34
Conversion
Complete
Sample & Hold
MUX and REFS
Update