© March 5, 2002 Maxtor Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice.
Corporate Headquarters: 510 Cottonwood Drive Milpitas, California 95035 Tel: 408-432-1700 Fax: 408-432-4510 Research and Development Center: 2452 Clover Basin Drive Longmont, Colorado 80503 Tel: 303-651-6000 Fax: 303-678-2165
Revision-A 2004052 All Initial Release March 5, 2002
Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or 1-303-678-2015. CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Maxtor Corporation .................................................................................................. Manual Organization ................................................................................................. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ Conventions.............................................................................................
Table of Contents 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hard Drive Handling Precautions .............................................................................. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) .................................................................................. Unpacking and Inspection ......................................................................................... Repacking ........................................................................................
Figure 2-1 Figure 3-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 vii PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration ................................................... 2-6 Outline and Mounting Dimensions .............................................................. 3-4 Multi-pack Shipping Container .................................................................... 4-3 Single Pack Shipping Container (Option A) ................................................. 4-4 Single Pack Shipping Container (Option B) ..
( $ ) ) ) #)! Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way, we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia, networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher.
Introduction ( ..
Introduction ! " Signal names are shown in all uppercase type. All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.
Introduction 1-4 Maxtor D540X-4G
( )"*1 01 # #)! Maxtor hard disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage devices which incorporate an on-board Ultra ATA/133 interface controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques. Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power consumption and increased its reliability.
Product Description Note: Maxtor defines 1 Gigabyte (GB) as 109 or 1,000,000,000 bytes of data. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. ( )"*1 * 0 # !$ % Maxtor hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Chapter 3 Product Specifications, for complete drive specifications.
Product Description - ! 1! 2 The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation. The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses.
Product Description ( 1 ! , 3 ! 1 %% The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad. The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received. A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time. ) 5 ' Normally, this mode is active.
Product Description $ ! An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/ write heads) provides up to eight head selection depending on the model. It also provides read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry. $ / ' Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on 3.5inch diameter disks. Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for Maxtor hard drives.
Product Description ( *.020 3 )!5#,* #)! ! " Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses. The drives have a jumper configuration as device 0 or 1 (Master/ Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the Device/Head register of the task file. All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives.
Product Description 6(' # 7( Master/Slave Only drive in single drive system* Master drive in dual drive system* Slave drive in dual drive system 689 6*: 68> 688 68? 68, O O O C Cylinder Limitation Disabled* Enabled Factory Reserved (& 68* 68= C C O Cable Select Disabled* Enabled Key * = Default 68; 68< O C C = Closed (jumper installed) O = Open (no jumper installed) 2+#!" #3# #)! 6*3 01 # #)! On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a
Product Description 2-8 Maxtor D540X-4G
! ( )" +0 !" 1# # 0 ' - Formatted Capacity (GB LBA Mode) 87?,:6= 87?=:6< 122.9GB 163.9GB GB means 1 billion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. The D540X-4G at 160GB capacity (4G160J8) exceeds the 137GB capacity barrier imposed by the 28 bit addressing schemes common to many current BIOS and drivers. If your system has 28 bit addressing logic your drive will appear to only have 137GB of capacity.
Product Specifications ( #/ )!5#,* #)! ' - 87?,:6= 87?=:6< Data Surfaces/Number of Heads 6 8 Number of Disks 3 4 Sectors per Drive (max LBA) 240,121,728 320,173,056 Integrated Interface Maxtor Ultra ATA/133 (ATA-5/ATA-6) Recording Method PRML Servo Type Embedded Number of Servo Sectors 224 Data Zones per Surface 16 Data Sectors per Track (ID/OD) 448/896 Areal Density (Gbits/in2 max, ID/OD) 27.7/25.
Product Specifications ( 5) 3 !1 1#5#1 #)!0 ' - 87?,:6= 87?=:6< Seek Times (typical read, ms) Track-to-Track 1 Average (normal seek) 11 Full Stroke (normal seek) 20 Average Latency (ms) 5.5 Controller Overhead (ms) <0.3 Rotation Speed (RPM ±0.1%) 5400 Data Transfer Speed (MByte/sec max) To/From Interface (Maxtor Ultra ATA/133, up to) 133 To/From Media (ID/OD up to nn.n, where nn.n is the maximum transfer rate possible) 21.9/43.4 Sustained (ID/OD up to nn.n, where nn.
Product Specifications # >)? 3-4 Maxtor D540X-4G Outline and Mounting Dimensions
Product Specifications ( )7 8*# 3 ! 0 ' ( ?, 3' 4 * 3' 4 3 4 Spin-up (peak) 2100 550 31.4<0.5 sec. Seek 881 567 13.4 Read/Write 649 561 10.6 Idle 424 566 7.9 Standby 40 307 2.0 Sleep 40 285 1.9 )7 )" 5#!# #)!0 ) The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed. 2 A random access operation by the drive. $ Data is being read from or written to the drive.
Product Specifications (9 !/# )!3 ! + #3# 0 ' ) 7$ 7 7 0° C to 60° C Temperature low temperature (-40° C) high temperature (65° C) per MIL-STD-810E, method 501.3, climatic category; hot-induced conditions.
Product Specifications ' Swept Sine Vibration 10 to 300 Hz ( < 7 ) 7 1 G (0 to peak) amplitude, .25 octave per minute +# .#+# 2 1#5#1 #)!0 ! @ <1.0% Annualized Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipped.
Product Specifications ( ( ( = "# " + 1 )3 ,! #1 # +" 3#00#)!0 > )3 +# !1 The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations.
" #! $ ! ! ! ( " #/ !"+#!, 1 * #)!0 • If the handling precautions are not followed, damage to the hard drive may result whichmay void the warranty. • During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA). • Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself and the computer system the hard drive will be installed in.
Handling and Installation Multi-department committee Evaluate and improve Employee training Educate and inform ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps; counter-top and floor antistatic matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include: Static Control Systems – 3M 225-4S, 3M Center St. Paul, MN 55144 Desco-Charleswater 3651 Walnut Avenue Chino, CA 91710 Phone: (909) 627-8178 Fax: (909) 627-7449 www.charleswater.
Handling and Installation # 8)? Multi-pack Shipping Container Maxtor D540X-4G 4-3
Handling and Installation # 8), 4-4 Maxtor D540X-4G Single Pack Shipping Container (Option A)
Handling and Installation # 8)> ( Single Pack Shipping Container (Option B) 1;#!, If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag. ( 20#1 + !0 ++ #)! The detailed installation instructions for Maxtor hard drives are provided in the Installation Guide. To obtain a copy of the Installation Guide please visit Maxtor’s web site at www.maxtor.
Handling and Installation 4-6 Maxtor D540X-4G
This chapter describes the interface between Maxtor D540X-4G hard disk drives and the ATA bus. The commands that are issued from the host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the interface. ( Maxtor D540X-4G hard disk drives use the standard ATA/ATAPI interface. Support of various options in the standard are explained in the following sections. ( ( ( #,! + .
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ( The Maxtor D540X-4G hard disk drives allow their host systems to address the full set of command and control registers as specified in clause 7 of the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard. This includes the 48-bit Address feature set described in clause 6. ( ( ( ! + * The µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands .
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands .+ > Supported Commands )33 !" )33 !" )" * ,#0 +* ?0@ SMART READ DATA B0h D0h SMART READ LOG B0h D5h SMART RETURN STATUS B0h DAh SMART SAVE ATTRIBUTE VALUES B0h D3h SMART WRITE LOG B0h D6h STANDBY 96h, E2h STANDBY IMMEDIATE 94h, E0h WRITE BUFFER E8h WRITE DMA CAh, CBh WRITE MULTIPLE C5h WRITE PIO OVERLAP 34h WRITE SECTOR(S) 30h, 31h B 5-4 1. As defined in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard.
( /#1 )+#12 If a customer discovers a defect in a Maxtor hard drive, Maxtor will, at its option, repair or replace the disk drive at no charge to the customer, provided it is returned during the warranty period. Drives must be properly packaged in Maxtor packaging or Maxtor-approved packaging to obtain warranty service. Any unauthorized repairs or adjustments to the drive void the warranty.
Service and Support 6-2 Maxtor D540X-4G
! % & ! This appendix provides information about the 137GB storage barrier. It discusses the history, cause and the solution to overcome this barrier. ( ;#!, & #, .2 ) , # Capacity barriers have been a fact of the personal computer world since its beginnings in the early 1980’s. At least 10 different capacity barriers have occurred in the storage industry over the last 15 years.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier Past barriers often frustrated people trying to add a new hard disk to an older system when they discovered that not all of the designed capacity of the hard disk was accessible. This inability to access the entire drive is referred to as a “capacity barrier” and it has been seen and overcome many times in the computer and disk drive industry.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier ( ( )+/#!, & #, .2 1# 2 # As described earlier, the issue causing the 137-gigabyte barrier is the 28-bit addressing method of the original ATA specification. A change to expand this method was required to provide more address bits for the interface, allowing significant growth for many years to come. A critical issue in expanding the addressing capability was maintaining compatibility with the existing installed base of products.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier The BIOS companies will also have to perform some work to recognize the increased capacity of the devices attached to the bus and allow the extended 48-bit commands to pass on to the devices. Boot partitions will also be an issue for the capacity of the drive if the BIOS does not recognize the 48-bit addressing scheme at or before the system boots the OS from the hard drive.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier C B • Maxtor “Big Drive” web site for resource information: http://www.maxtor.com/bigdrive • ATA/ATAPI-6: http://www.T13.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier A-6 Maxtor D540X-4G
$ ! ' A ACCESS – (v) Read, write, or update information on some storage medium, such as a disk. (n) One of these operations. ACCESS TIME – The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data is available from the drive. Access time includes the actual seek time, rotational latency, and command processing overhead time. See also seek, rotational latency, and overhead. ACTUATOR – Also known as the positioner.
Glossary BLOCK – A sector or group of sectors. By default, a block of data consists of 512 bytes. CONTROLLER CARD – An adapter holding the control electronics for one or more hard disks, usually installed in a slot in the computer. BPI – Abbreviation for bits per inch. A measure of how densely information is packed on a storage medium. Flux changes per inch is also a term commonly used in describing storage density on a magnetic surface. CPU – Acronym for Central Processing Unit.
Glossary DISK CONTROLLER – A plug-in board, or embedded circuitry on the drive, that passes information to and from the disk. The Maxtor disk drives all have controllers embedded on the drive printed-circuit board. DISKWARE – The program instructions and data stored on the disk for use by a processor. DMA – Acronym for direct memory access.
Glossary G GIGABYTE (GB) – One billion bytes (one thousand megabytes). GUIDE RAILS – Plastic strips attached to the sides of a disk drive mounted in an IBM AT and compatible computers so that the drive easily slides into place. H HALF HEIGHT – Term used to describe a drive that occupies half the vertical space of the original full size 5 1/4-inch drive. 1.625 inches high.
Glossary K KILOBYTE (K) – A unit of measure consisting of 1,024 (210) bytes. L LANDING ZONE – A position inside the disk’s inner cylinder in a non data area reserved as a place to rest the heads during the time that power is off. Using this area prevents the heads from touching the surface in data areas upon power down, adding to the data integrity and reliability of the disk drive.
Glossary MTTR – Mean Time To Repair. The average time it takes to repair a drive that has failed for some reason. This only takes into consideration the changing of the major sub-assemblies such as circuit board or sealed housing. Component level repair is not included in this number as this type of repair is not performed in the field. N NANOSECOND (ns)– One billionth of a second (0.000000001 second).
Glossary any order desired, and the address of one storage location is as readily accessible as any other. RAM DISK – A “phantom disk drive” for which a section of system memory (RAM) is set aside to hold data, just as if it were a number of disk sectors. The access to this data is extremely fast but is lost when the system is reset or turned off. READ AFTER WRITE – A mode of operation that has the computer read back each sector on the disk, checking that the data read back is the same as recorded.
Glossary fluctuations or noise spikes. SOFT SECTORED – Disks that mark the beginning of each sector of data within a track by a magnetic pattern. SPINDLE – The center shaft of the disk upon which the drive’s platters are mounted. SPUTTER – A type of coating process used to apply the magnetic coating to some high-performance disks. In sputtering, the disks are placed in a vacuum chamber and the coating is vaporized and deposited on the disks.
Glossary V VOICE COIL – A type of motor used to move the disk read/write head in and out to the right track. Voice-coil actuators work like loudspeakers with the force of a magnetic coil causing a proportionate movement of the head. Maxtor's actuator uses voice-coil technology, and thereby eliminates the high stress wearing parts found on stepper motor type actuators. W WEDGE SERVO – The position on every track that contains data used by the closed loop positioning control.
Glossary G-10 Maxtor D540X-4G
