XStream-PKG-R™ RS-232/485 RF Modem XStream-PKG-R RS-232/485 RF Modem Interfacing Protocol Modem Operation Modem Configuration Appendices Product Manual v4.2B For XStream RF Modem Part Numbers: X09-001PK…-R… X24-009PK…-R... XH9-001PK…-R... X09-009PK…-R… X09-019PK…-R… X24-019PK…-R… XH9-009PK…-R… XH9-019PK…-R… 355 South 520 West, Suite 180 Lindon, UT 84042 Phone: (801) 765-9885 Fax: (801) 765-9895 rf-xperts@maxstream.net www.maxstream.net M100019 2005.08.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B © 2005 MaxStream, Inc. All rights reserved No part of the contents of this manual may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of MaxStream, Inc. XStream™ is a trademark of MaxStream, Inc. Phone: (801) 765‐9885 Live Chat: www.maxstream.net E‐Mail: rf‐xperts@maxstream.net © 2005 MaxStream, Inc.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Contents 1. XStream-PKG-R™ RF Modem 1.1. Features 4 4 FCC Certification 1.1.1. Worldwide Acceptance 1.2. Specifications 4 6 2. Interfacing Protocol 7 2.1. RS-232 Operation 7 2.1.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals 2.2. RS-485 (2-wire) Operation 10 10 3. Modem Operation 12 3.1. Serial Communications 12 3.1.1. RS-232 and RS-485/422 Data Flow 3.1.2.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 1. XStream‐PKG‐R™ RF Modem The XStream-PKG-R RF Modem provides long range data communications and advanced networking for OEMs and system integrators. Out-of-box, the modem is equipped to sustain long range wireless links between devices. Simply enter serial data into one modem and the data surfaces on the other end of the wireless link. The modem transfers a standard asynchronous serial data stream between two or more modems.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 1.2. Specifications Table 1.1. XStream‐PKG‐R RS‐232/485 RF Modem Specifications Specification 9XStream-PKG-R (900 MHz) 24XStream-PKG-R (2.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 1.3. XStream-PKG-R RF Modem Interface 1.1a. Power Switch Move the Power Switch to the on (up) position to power the Figure 1.1. Front View Interface Board. DIP Switch [1.2a] settings are only read during a power-up sequence. 1.1b. I/O & Power LEDs The LED indicators visualize diagnostic status information. The modem’s status is represented as follows: Yellow (top LED) = Serial Data Out (to host) 1.1a.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 2. Interfacing Protocol The XStream-PKG-R RF Modem supports the following interfacing protocols: • RS-232 • RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex • RS-485 (4-wire) and RS-422 2.1. RS-232 Operation 2.1.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2.1. RS‐232 DIP Switch Settings Figure 2.2. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9) Serial Connector DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering‐on. Table 2.1.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Wiring Diagram: RS-232 DTE Device to a DCE RF Modem Figure 2.3. RS‐232 DTE (male connector) device wired to an XStream RF Modem (female connector) Wiring Diagram: DCE RF Modem to an RS-232 DCE Device Figure 2.4. XStream RF Modem (female connector) wired to an RS‐232 DTE (male connector) device Sample Wireless Connection: DTE ÅÆ DCE DCE ÅÆ DCE Figure 2.5. Typical wireless link between DTE and DCE devices © 2005 MaxStream, Inc.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 2.2. RS-485 (2-wire) Operation 2.2.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2.6. RS‐485 (2‐wire) Half‐Duplex DIP Switch Settings Figure 2.7. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9) Serial Connector Figure 2.8. RS‐485 (2‐wire) with Termination (optional) Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T-. DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering-on. Note: Refer to Figures 2.15 & 2.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 2.3. RS-485 (4-wire) & RS-422 Operation 2.3.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2.10. RS‐485 (4‐wire) and RS‐422 DIP Switch Settings Figure 2.11. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9) Serial Connector Figure 2.12. RS‐485 (4‐wire) & RS‐422 with Termination (optional) Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T-. DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering-on. Table 2.3.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Wiring Diagram: RS-422 Figure 2.14. XStream RF Modem in an RS‐485 (4‐wire) environment RS-485/422 Connection Guidelines The RS-485/422 protocol provides a solution for wired communications that can tolerate high noise and push signals over long cable lengths. RS-485/422 signals can communicate as far as 4000 feet (1200 m). RS-232 signals are suitable for cable distances up to 100 feet (30.5 m).
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 3. Modem Operation 3.1. Serial Communications 3.1.1. RS-232 and RS-485/422 Data Flow Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly through the pins of the XStream Modem as is shown in the figure below. Figure 3.1. System Data Flow Diagram in a UART‐interfaced environment (Low‐asserted signals distinguished with horizontal line over signal name.) 3.1.2.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 3.1.3. Flow Control Figure 3.2. Internal Data Flow Diagram (The five most commonly‐used pin signals are shown.) DI (Data In) Buffer and Flow Control When serial data enters the XStream Modem through the DI Pin, then the data is stored in the DI Buffer until it can be transmitted.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 3.2. Modes of Operation XStream RF Modems operate in five modes. Figure 3.3. XStream Modes of Operation Modem can only be in one mode at a time. 3.2.1. Idle Mode When not receiving or transmitting data, the modem is in Idle Mode. The modem uses the same amount of power in Idle Mode as it does in Receive Mode.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B RF Packet The RF packet is the sequence of data used for communicating information between MaxStream Modems. An RF Packet consists of an RF Initializer and RF Data. Figure 3.5. RF Packet Components * When streaming multiple RF packets, the RF Initializer is only sent in front of the first packet. RF Initializer An RF initializer is sent each time a new connection sequence begins.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 3.2.3. Receive Mode If a modem detects RF data while operating in Idle Mode, the modem transitions into Receive Mode to start receiving RF packets. Figure 3.7. Reception of RF Data Æ After a packet is received, the modem checks the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted without error. If the CRC data bits on the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 3.2.5. Command Mode To modify or read modem parameters, the modem must first enter into Command Mode, the state in which incoming characters are interpreted as commands. Two command types are available for programming the modem: • AT Commands • Binary Commands For modified parameter values to persist in the modem registry, changes must be saved to nonvolatile memory using WR (Write) Command.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Binary Commands Sending and receiving parameter values using binary commands is the fastest way to change operating parameters of the XStream RF Modem. Binary commands are used most often to sample signal strength (RS parameter) and/or error counts; or change modem addresses and channels for polling data systems.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 4. Modem Configuration 4.1. Automatic DIP Switch Configurations Each time the RF Modem is powered-on, intelligence on the XIB-R Interface Board (RS-232/485 interfacing board located inside the RF Modem) sends AT Commands that program the RF Modem based on positions of the DIP Switch. Automatic configurations that take place during the poweron sequence affect stored RF Modem parameter values as shown in the tables below. Figure 4.1.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 4.2. Programming the Modem For information about entering and exiting AT and Binary Command Modes, refer to the Command Mode section [p17]. 4.2.1. AT Command Examples MaxStream has provided X-CTU software for programming the modem using an extensive list of AT Commands.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B EXAMPLE: Restore RF Modem Defaults using the Terminal tab The following steps show how to read currently stored modem parameter values; then restore the modem parameters to their factory-default states.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 4.3. Command Reference Table 4.1 XStream Commands (The XStream RF Modem expects numerical values in hexadecimal. “d” denotes decimal equivalent.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B 4.4. Command Descriptions Commands in this section are listed alphabetically. Command categories are designated between the “< >” symbols that follow each command title. XStream Modems expect numerical values in hexadecimal and those values are designated by a “0x” prefix. AT (Guard Time After) Command AT Command is used to set the time-of-silence that follows the command sequence character (CC Command).
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B BT (Guard Time Before) Command BT Command is used to set the DI pin silence time that must precede the command sequence character (CC Command) of the AT Command Mode Sequence. Refer to the AT Commands section [p17]to view the default AT Command Mode sequence.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B CT (Command Mode Timeout) Command CT Command sets the amount of time before AT Command Mode terminates automatically. After a CT time of AT Command: ATCT Binary Command: 0x06 (6 decimal) and returns to Idle Mode. AT Command Mode can Parameter Range: 0x02 – 0xFFFF [x 100 milliseconds] also be exited manually using CN (Exit AT Command Mode) Command.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B FL (Software Flow Control) Command FL Command is used to AT Command: ATFL configure software flow control. Hardware flow Binary Command: 0x07 (7 decimal) control is implemented with the XStream Modem as the DO2 pin ( ), which regulates when serial data can be transferred to the modem. FL Command can be used to allow software flow control to also be enabled. XON character used is 0x11 (17 decimal).
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B HT (Time before Wake-up Initializer) Command < If any modems within range are running in a “Cyclic Sleep” setting, a wake-up initializer must be used by the transmitting modem for sleeping modems to remain awake [refer to the LH (“Wake-up Initializer Timer”) Command]. When a receiving modem in Cyclic Sleep wakes, it must detect the wake-up initializer in order to remain awake and receive data.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B MK (Address Mask) Command MK Command is used to set/read the Address Mask. All data packets contain the Destination Address of the transmitting modem. When an RF data packet is received, the transmitter’s Destination Address is logically “ANDed” (bitwise) with the Address Mask of the receiver.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B PW (Pin Wake-up) Command Under normal operation, a AT Command: ATPW modem in Cyclic Sleep Mode cycles from an Binary Command: 0x1D (29 decimal) active state to a low-power state at regular intervals until data is ready to be received. If the PW Parameter is set to 1, the SLEEP/DI3 Pin can be used to awaken the modem from Cyclic Sleep.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B RP (RSSI PWM Timer) Command RP Command is used to enable a PWM (“Pulse Width Modulation”) output on the Config pin which is calibrated to show the level AT Command: ATRP Binary Command: 0x22 (34 decimal) level of the modem. The PWM pulses vary from Parameter Range: 0 - 0x7F [x 100 milliseconds] zero to 95 percent.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B RT (DI2 Configuration) Command RT command is used to dictate the behavior of the DI2/ /CMD line. RT Command must be issued to enable control or binary programming.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B SM (Sleep Mode) Command SM Command is AT Command: ATSM used to adjust Sleep Mode settings. By default, Binary Command: 0x01 Sleep Mode is disabled and the modem remains continually active. SM Command allows the Parameter Range: 0 – 8 Parameter Value Configuration 0 Disabled Cyclic Sleep settings wake the modem after the 1 Pin Sleep amount of time designated by SM Command. If 2 4 Serial Port Sleep Cyclic 0.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B SM Command (continued) The modem remains in Sleep Mode for a user-defined period of time ranging from 0.5 seconds to 16 seconds (SM Parameters 3 through 8). After this interval of time, the modem returns to Idle Mode and listens for a valid data packet for 100 ms. If the modem does not detect valid data (on any frequency), the modem returns to Sleep Mode.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B ST (Time before Sleep) Command ST Command sets the period of time (in tenths of seconds) in which the modem remains inactive before entering into AT Command: ATST Binary Command: 0x02 set to 0x64 (100 decimal), the modem will enter Parameter Range: 0x10 – 0xFFFF [x 100 milliseconds] into Sleep mode after 10 seconds of inactivity (no Default Parameter Value: 0x64 (100 decimal) transmitting or receiving).
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B TT (Streaming Limit) Command TT Command defines a limit on the number of bytes that can be sent out before AT Command: ATTT Binary Command: 0x1A (26 decimal) a random delay is issued. TT Command is used to simulate full-duplex behavior.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Appendix A: Agency Certifications FCC Certification The XStream RF Modem complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required. To fulfill the FCC Certification requirements, the OEM must comply with the following FCC regulations: 1.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B OEM Labeling Requirements Label Warning WARNING The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure that displays the contents shown in the figure below. Figure A.1.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B FCC-Approved Antennas Table A.1. Antennas approved for use with 9XStream (900 MHz) RF Modems. Manufacturer Part Number Type Gain Application Min. Separation Distance * * MaxStream * * MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream * * MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream * * A09-Y8 * * A09-Y11 (FCC pending) A09-F2 A09-F5 A09-F8 * * A09-M7 A09-H A09-HBMM-P5I A09-QBMM-P5I 6.2 dBi 7.2 dBi 8.2 dBi 9.2 dBi 10.2 dBi 11.2 dBi 2.2 dBi 5.2 dBi 8.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B European Compliance (2.4 GHz only) The 24XStream has been certified for use in several European countries. For a complete list, refer to http://www.maxstream.net. If the 24XStream modems are incorporated into a product, the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product to the European harmonized EMC and low-voltage/safety standards.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Notifications and Required Information Since the 2.4 GHz band is not harmonized throughout Europe, a notification must be sent to each country prior to shipping product according to Article 6.4 of the R&TTE Directive. A list of national contacts for most European countries may be found at www.ero.dk/. The following technical data (relating to the 24XStream) is often required in filling out a notification form. • Frequency Band: 2400.0 – 2483.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Appendix B: Development Guide RS-232 Accessories Kit Contents The accessories listed below are included with XStream RF Modems that carry the “-RA” suffix on the product number. For example: Part number “X09-019PKC-RA” includes the listed accessories and part number “X09-019PKC-R” does not. The accessories kit includes hardware and software needed for developing long range wireless links.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Adapters The XStream Development Kit comes with several adapters that support the following functions: • Performing Range Tests (Serial Loopback) • Connecting to other RS-232 DCE and DTE devices (Male-to-Male NULL modem) • Testing Cables (Female-to-Female NULL modem) • Connecting to terminal blocks or RJ-45 (for RS-485/422 devices) Serial Loopback Adapter Part Number: JD2D3-CDL-A (Red, DB-9 M-F) The serial loopback adapter is used for range testing.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Antennas [Refer to Appendix A for a list of FCC-Approved Antennas] Factors that determine wireless link range: • Ambient RF noise (interference) • Line-of-sight obstructions • Transmit power • Receive sensitivity • Antenna configuration • XStream Antenna Connector Options To comply with the FCC rules and obtain a “modular” certification, it is required that XStream Modems utilize a “non-standard” connector.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Appendix C: Additional Information 1-Year Warranty XStream RF Modems from MaxStream, Inc. (the ʺProductʺ) are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use, for a period of 1‐year from the date of purchase. In the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the defective product.
XStream‐PKG‐R™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v4.2B Contact MaxStream Free and unlimited technical support is included with every MaxStream Radio Modem sold. Please use the following resources for additional support: Documentation: http://www.maxstream.net/helpdesk/download.php Technical Support: Phone. (866) 765-9885 toll-free U.S. & Canada (801) 765-9885 Worldwide Live Chat. www.maxstream.net E-Mail. rf-xperts@maxstream.net MaxStream office hours are 8:00 am – 5:00 pm [U.S.
