User's Manual

Radical-7R Pulse CO-Oximeter Operator’s Manual 1-5
1
Overview
of pulse oximetry (spectrophotometry) to make its SpMet measurement. The measurement is
obtained by placing a sensor on a patient, usually on the fi ngertip for adults and the hand or
foot for infants. The sensor connects either directly to the Pulse CO-Oximetry instrument or
through a patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and sends it to the
instrument. The instrument displays the calculated data as percentage value for the SpMet.
SpHb GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Pulse CO-Oximetery is a continuous and non-invasive method of measuring the levels of total
hemoglobin (SpHb) in arterial blood. It relies on the same principles of pulse oximetry to make the
SpHb measurement. The measurement is taken by a sensor capable of measuring SpHb, usually on
the fingertip for adult and pediatric patients. The sensor connects directly to the Pulse CO-Oximeter
or with a patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and sends it to the instrument.
The instrument displays the calculated data as measurement of total hemoglobin concentration.
TOTAL ARTERIAL OXYGEN CONTENT (CaO
2
) GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2
Oxygen (O
2
) is carried in the blood in two forms, either dissolved in plasma or combined with
hemoglobin. The amount of oxygen in the arterial blood is termed the oxygen content (CaO
2
)
and is measured in units of ml O
2
/dl blood. One gram of hemoglobin (Hb) can carry 1.34 ml of
oxygen, whereas 100 ml of blood plasma may carry approximately 0.3 ml of oxygen. The oxygen
content is determined mathematically as:
CaO
2
= 1.34 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x Hb (g/dl) x HbO
2
+ PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm Hg/dl)
Where HbO
2
is the fractional arterial oxygen saturation and PaO
2
is the partial pressure
of arterial oxygen.
For typical PaO
2
values, the second part of the above equation [PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm
Hg/dl] is approximately 0.3 ml/dl. Furthermore, for typical carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin
levels, the functional saturation (SpO
2
) as measured by a pulse oximeter is given by:
SpO
2
= 1.02 x HbO
2
2
Martin, Laurence. All You Really Need to Know to Interpret Arterial Blood Gases, Second
Edition. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
RAINBOW ACOUSTIC MONITORING GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring continuously measures a patient's respiration rate based on
airflow sounds generated in the upper airway. The Acoustic Respiration sensor translates
airflow sounds generated in the upper airway to an electrical signal that can be processed
to produce a respiration rate, measured as breaths per minute.
SpOC GENERAL DESCRIPTION (PULSE CO-OXIMETRY)
The above approximations result in the following reduced equation for oxygen content via the
Pulse CO-Oximeter
:
SpOC (ml/dl*) = 1.31 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x SpHb (g/dl) x SpO
2
+ 0.3 ml/dl
* When ml O
2
/g Hb is multiplied by g/dl of SpHb, the gram unit in the denominator of ml/g cancels the gram unit
in the numerator of g/dl resulting in ml/dl (ml of oxygen in one dl of blood) as the unit of measure for SpOC.
SpHct GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Hematocrit is the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells. In nor-
mal conditions, there is a linear relationship between hematocrit and the concentration
of hemoglobin. An estimated hematocrit as a percentage may be derived by multiplying