Operator's Manual

Rad-97 Chapter 1: Technology Overview
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The measurement is taken by a sensor capable of measuring ORi, usually on the fingertip for
adult or pediatric patients. The sensor connects directly to the Pulse CO-Oximeter or with a
patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and sends it to the device. The
device displays the processed data as an indicator of changes in oxygen states in hyperoxic
conditions.
Successful Monitoring for ORi
A stable ORi reading is associated with correct sensor placement, small physiological
changes during the measurement and acceptable levels of arterial perfusion at the
measurement site. Physiological changes at the measurement site are mainly caused by
fluctuations in the oxygen saturation, blood concentration and perfusion. See Safety
Information, Warnings and Cautions on page 13 and Troubleshooting Measurements on
page 169.
SpCO, SpMet, and SpHb Measurements During Patient Motion
The Rad-97 displays measurements of SpCO, SpMet, and SpHb during patient motion.
However, because of the changes in the physiological parameters such as blood volume,
arterial-venous coupling, etc. that occur during patient motion, the accuracy of such
measurements may not be reliable during excessive motion. In this case, the measurement
value for SpCO, SpMet, or SpHb displays as dashes (---) and a message (Low SpCO SIQ, Low
SpMet SIQ, or Low SpHb SIQ) displays to alert the clinician that the device does not have
confidence in the value due to poor signal quality caused by excessive motion or other signal
interference.
rainbow Acoustic Monitoring™ (RAM™)
Note: This feature is currently available on Rad-97 devices only.
rainbow Acoustic Monitoring (RAM) continuously measures a patient’s respiration rate based
on airflow sounds generated in the upper airway. The Acoustic Sensor, which is applied on the
patient's neck, translates airflow sounds generated in the upper airway to an electrical signal
that can be processed to produce a respiration rate, measured as breaths per minute.
Respiratory sounds include sounds related to respiration such as breath sounds (during
inspiration and expiration), adventitious sounds, cough sounds, snoring sounds, sneezing
sounds, and sounds from the respiratory muscles [1].
These respiratory sounds often have different characteristics depending on the location of
recording [2] and they originate in the large airways where air velocity and air turbulence
induce vibration in the airway wall. These vibrations are transmitted, for example, through
the lung tissue, thoracic wall and trachea to the surface where they may be heard with the aid
of a stethoscope, a microphone or more sophisticated devices.
rainbow Acoustic Monitoring Architecture
The following figure illustrates how a respiratory sound produced by a patient can be turned
into a numerical measurement that corresponds to a respiratory parameter.