User's Manual

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10
Table 2.2. Approximate values of ?
r
(relative permittivity) and
the corresponding velocity. e
r
varies greatly with the water
content in the medium. The larger value given for velocity
applies to unsaturated media.
Medium e
r
Velocity
[m/µs]
Air 1 300
Fresh water 81 33
Limestone 7 - 16 75 - 113
Granite 5 - 7 113 - 134
Schist 5 - 15 77 - 134
Concrete 4 - 10 95 - 150
Clay 4 - 16 74 - 150
Silt 9 - 23 63 - 100
Sand 4 - 30 55 - 150
Moraine 9 - 25 60 - 100
Ice 3 - 4 150 - 173
Permafrost 4 - 8 106 - 150