User manual

4
the breadboard. Use a needle to first pierce small holes into
the protective film on the back of the board and then insert
the wires from below. That way they are adequate secured.
Switch and fuse should be positioned exactly as shown. We
will use this set up in all of the coming experiments.
We also have six light emitting diodes (LEDs). Five LEDs come
in the colors red, yellow, green, blue and pink, and there is a
red flashing LED with a more transparent housing and inside
you can see a tiny chip.
Attention: Never connect LEDs directly to a 9 V battery! You
still have to use a resistor, which is used to reduce the electri-
cal current. We have nine resistors with different color rings.
The experiments where we are using the other electronic
components are particularly interesting. Important are the
two transistors with the type designation BC547B. They come
with three terminals, which you should not mix up. Then
there is also a 100 microfarad (100 μF) electrolytic capacitor
and two small pushbuttons.
2 Simple LED lamp
For our first experiment we will need six components. In the
next experiments we will use four of those over and over
again: the breadboard, the battery clip, the switch and the
fuse. But for the first experiment we will also need a resistor
with 4,700 ohms (yellow, violet, red, 4.7 kΩ) and a red LED
(LED).