Technical data

DRYING TIME — The time required for a coating to
attain various stages of dryness. Three commonly referred
to drying times are: dry to touch, dry to handle and dry hard
(recoat). Drying time is greatly affected by temperature,
humidity, and air movement.
DUST COAT — a very light coat of a coating, which will
improve adhesion.
E
EMULSION — An intimate suspension of two or more
liquid substances which are not mutually soluble but which
do not ordinarily separate. Examples: milk (butterfat and
water), self-polishing floor waxes (wax, solvent, water),
vehicle for water-thinned latex paints.
ENAMEL — A coating characterized by an ability to form
an especially smooth finish film.
EPOXY RESIN — A synthetic resin produced by the
reaction of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol. Epoxy resins
may be used alone (unmodified) or modified with drying
oils (epoxy esters) for coating vehicles.
EXTENDER PIGMENTS — Pigments used to provide
texture, bulk or hardness to a coating. Also known as inert
pigments. Magnesium silicate and diatomaceous silica are
examples of extender pigments.
F
FERROUS — Magnetic metals derived from steel or iron.
FILLER — A material of pigmented composition used to
fill irregularities and undesirable depressions after a primer
coating is applied and prior to finish coating application.
FILLING POWER — The degree a filler material hides
irregularities of texture.
FLASH POINT — The minimum temperature at which the
vapors of a liquid will ignite. An indication of the flamma-
bility of a product; the higher the flash point, the safer the
product.
FLATTENING AGENT — A material added to a coating
to reduce the gloss of the cured film.
FLOODING — A change in color of a coating from the
time it is applied until the time it sets caused by fines in the
pigment portion floating to the surface. The result is a final
shade different from the original.
FORCE DRYING TEMPERATURE — A temperature
between room temperature and 175° F to which a coating is
exposed to accelerate curing.
G
GELLING — The irreversible transformation of a liquid to
a solid without the loss of weight through evaporation.
GLOSS, SPECULAR — The luster, shininess, or reflective
ability of a surface; or the ability of a surface to reflect light
regularly when light strikes the surface at a 60 degree angle.
It is based upon the degree of optical smoothness of a
surface, variations in smoothness being microscopic. Values
above 90 are classified as high gloss, 80 to 90 as full gloss,
35 to 45 as semi-gloss, 5 to 7 as flat or camouflage and 3 or
less as gunship quality. Seven or less is also classified as
lusterless.
H
HIDING POWER — For an organic coating, it is either the
degree to which the base material has been obliterated from
view or the relative smoothness or surface leveling a coating
may produce.
HOLIDAY — An unintentional skipped area, missed while
applying a coating. Holidays can be avoided by using
contrasting colors for alternating coats.
HYGROSCOPIC — The ability to attract or absorb water.
I
INFRARED LAMP — A heat lamp commonly used in
paint drying operations that emits infrared light.
INHIBITOR — A substance which slows down a chemical
reaction.
INORGANIC — Chemical compounds based chiefly on
elements other than the carbon-hydrogen-oxygen group.
Inorganic compounds are divided into four classifications:
Acids — Materials such as sulfuric, hydrochloric (muriatic),
nitric, and phosphoric acids.
Alkalies — A base material such as sodium hydroxide
(caustic soda), potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), am-
monium hydroxide (ammonia).
Salts — Materials produced by the reaction of an acid and
an alkali. Sodium chloride (table salt), magnesium sulfate
(epsom salt), calcium chloride, copper sulfate.
Oxides — A combination of a metal and oxygen such as
iron oxide (rust), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide (white pig-
ment), silicone dioxide (sand and glass).
TO 1-1-8
Glossary 3