11.0

ManualsBrandsMagix Xara ManualsApplicationsSamplitude

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Table Of Contents

Copyright
Welcome
System Requirements
- General system requirements
- Hard disk
Contact
- Product activation:
- Support
- Sales
Installation
- Automatic registration directly from within the program
- Activating Samplitude 11
- Code Meter licence update for version 11
  - Upgrade to Samplitude 11 - Serial number version
- Introduction to Samplitude network installation
  - Configuration of the CodeMeter stick
  - Program installation
- Tips for using the CodeMeter stick:
System settings
- Audio setup
  - ASIO settings
- Monitoring settings
- Audio devices
- MIDI settings
  - Global MIDI devices
- Project options - general
What’s new in version 11?
- EQ116
- sMax11
- Vandal guitars and bass amps
- Studio essentials
- Audio pre and post-recording
- Revolver tracks
- Synth objects
- MAGIX Synth
- MIDI / VSTi features
- Grid bar/snap button
- Docking
- Video
- New skin interface
- New default coloring method for the color tool
- Color mode
- AAF / OMF import and export
- Manager
- New commands
What's new since 10.2
- FLAC format
- Dithering
- Spectral Cleaning
- Take composer
- FFT Filter
- MIDI editor
- Folder tracks
- New commands
What's new since 10.1
- Synchronization (Sequoia and Samplitude pro only)
- Hardware controller features
- System options -> Playback
- Advanced sidechain functionality
- Improved automation functionality
- Optimized multi-CPU strategy
- Mixer
- MIDI / VSTi features
- Audio quantization
- Grouping
- Manager
- File handling/Import/Export
- New commands
Screen elements
- What is a VIP?
- Program interface – Overview
- Toolbars – Overview
Samplitude quickstart
- Initial navigation in the virtual project (VIP)
- Tutorial: Recording
- Multi-track recording
  - Preparing to record
  - Start of recording
- MIDI recording
  - Preparing a MIDI recording
  - MIDI recording modes
- Objects in the virtual project (VIP)
  - Audio and MIDI
  - Cut and edit
- Mixer
- Effects
- CD mastering
General functions in the project window
- Section
  - Active section
- Zooming
- Scrolling
- Ranges
- Working with ranges
- Markers
- Scrubbing
- Samplitude as Wave Editor
  - Destructive Editing
  - Non-destructive wave editing
- Hints & Tips
Object-oriented audio editing
- What is an object?
Object editor
- Basic functions
  - Symbols for copying the settings (far right)
- Object effects
- Position/Fades
- Pitchshifting/Timestretching
  - Object/Loop
Techniques for Working with Objects
- Integrating wave files as objects in the VIP
- Integrating sections from wave projects as objects
- The difference between loading and importing audio files.
- Integrating CD tracks as objects into VIP
- Selecting and Unselecting an Object
- Object handles
- Selecting and unselecting several objects, inverting the sel
- Moving objects
- Changing the length and start time of an object
- Duplicating, copying, and inserting objects
  - Inserting an object with ripple
- Change waveform view
- Editing fades in the Object Editor or by using the handles.
- Object effects
- Locking objects
- Destructively editing an object
- Moving to a defined position
- Group/Ungroup objects
- Linking objects
- Overlapping objects
  - Overlap two objects with insert modifier "Ctrl + V"
- Gluing objects
- Looping objects
- Trimming objects
- Replacing an audio file below the object
- Moving audio material below the object
Managers
- File manager
- Object Manager
- Track Manager
- Marker manager
- Range Manager
  - Defining Ranges and Search Options.
  - Editing Range Parameters
- Take manager
- Take composer
  - Monitoring with arrangement
  - Monitoring without arrangement
- Comping
- VSTi manager
- Routing Manager
Mixer
- Mixer Overview
- Operating the Mixer
- Channel strips
- Master section
  - Mix to file while recording
- Global buttons
- Busses and Routing
- Effect routing/Plug-ins dialog
Effects – Organization and work flow
- Saving Effect Parameters (Preset Mechanism)
- Drag & Drop of DirectX and VST plug-ins
- Effect Routing
- External hardware effects integration
- Setting latencies for external effects
- Integrating external synthesizers
Effects and plug-ins in an overview
- Realtime effects at track, object, and master level
- DirectX / VST FX
- VST instruments
- MAGIX plug-ins
- Synth object
- MAGIX Synth
- Plug-ins at track, object and master level
  - Vandal
  - Studio essentials
Remix Agent
Stereo Editor
- Stereo dialog options
- Mid / Side Processing
Surround Sound
- Creating a New VIP with the Mixer in Surround Format
  - Menu File -> New virtual project (VIP)
- Converting an existing stereo VIP into a VIP with mixer in s
- Project Surround Setup
- Surround Panning
  - Track-based surround panning
  - Object-based surround panning
- Surround Panorama Module
  - Display elements
- Panorama Modes of the Surround Panorama Module
- 2-channel surround mode
  - Pan Setup
  - Surround Presets
- Stereo and mono signal processing in surround projects
- Working reciprocally in Stereo and Surround Format
- Automation of the Surround Panorama Module
  - Draw surround automation curves
- Effects in Surround Projects
- Editing Surround Sound Automation
- Surround track bouncing
MIDI in Samplitude
- MIDI Options
- Import, Record, Edit
- MIDI object editorCtrl + O
MIDI Editors
- Open MIDI Editor
- Working with the MIDI Editor
- MIDI functions
  - Change velocity with the random function
- Quantize to grid
- Step recording via keyboard or controller keyboard
- Cell edit mode
- Velocity mode
- Piano Roll (Matrix Editor)
- Drum Editor
- Controller Editor
  - Controller editor: Selecting and drawing events
  - Controller editor tips
- List Editor (event list)
- Multi-object editing (MO editing)
- Score Editor
- MIDI editor shortcut keys
Software-Instrumente/VST-Plug-ins/ReWire
- Installation of VST plug-ins
- Load software instruments
- Apply plug-ins at wave level
- Load plug-ins at object level
- Load plug-ins at track level
- Load plug-ins at master level
- Routing settings during software instrument loading
- VST MIDI out + Audio out recording
  - (for "Mixer FX monitoring/Hybrid Engine" only)
- Routing of VST instruments using the VSTi manager.
- Adjust instrument parameters
- Plug-in panel - graphic interface
- Plug-in parameter dialog
- Plug-in menu functions
- Play and monitor instruments live
  - Monitoring
  - Recording and playing back an instrument
- VST instrument preset selection
- Sidechain input
- Freeze plug-ins
  - Freezing VST instruments
  - "Inactive" state for VST instruments and VST effects
- ReWire client application
Automation
- Track automation - Basic approach
- Automation modes
- Object automation
- Master automation
- Automation – Context menu
- Curve generator
  - Curve generator - options for beat-based calculation
- MIDI controller automation
  - Automation/Controller
  - Settings
- VST plug-in/VST parameter dialog
- Automation recording in read mode
- Automation draw mode
  - Draw-in track automation
  - Draw in object automation
- Edit automation curves
- Move automation curve with audio/MIDI data
- Automation/MIDI controller settings
Synchronization
- Synchronization in general
- Media link / video setup
  - Video Options
Hardware controller
- Hardware controller - Introduction
- Hardware Controller settings
- Hardware controller presets
- Customizing controllers
- Hardware controller options
- Hardware controller - Fader scaling
- Hardware controller – "Internal" mode
- Learn controller for plug-in/mixer elements
Preset keyboard shortcuts
- "File" Menu
  - Open Project
- “Edit” Menu
  - More
- “View” Menu
- “Track” Menu
  - Track properties
  - Source/Destination
- “Object” Menu
- Realtime Effects
- Offline Effects
- “Range” Menu
  - Move play cursor
  - Edit Range
- “CD/DVD” Menu
- “Tools” menu
  - Manager
- “Play/Record” Menu
  - Play cut
  - Playback Mode
- “MIDI” Menu
- “Options” menu
  - Project properties
- “Window” Menu
- “Help” Menu
- Mouse
Signal flow
- Recording
- Playback
- Signal flow with monitoring
  - Hardware monitoring
  - Signal flow software monitoring
Glossary
- Active section
- Audio markers
- Automation
- AUX bus
- Clip
  - Clip for audio files (Wave projects)
  - VirtClip for virtual projects
- Context menu
- Crossfade
- Destructive editing
- Fade
- Grid/Marker bar
- Handle
- Hybrid Engine and Economy Tracks
- Latency
- Latency comparison
- Level fader
- Lock key
- Marker
- Mouse modes
- Menu
- MIDI object
- Monitoring
- Objects
- Object Editor
- Object Mode
- Object-Orientated
- Play Cursor
- Range
- Routing
- Scroll bar
- Scrub
- Section
- Setup button in the VIP
- Status display
- Submix Bus
- Surround AUX bus
- Surround sound in Samplitude
  - Surround-Master
  - Surround Bus
- System Settings
- Tempo marker
- Time position input field
- Title bar
- Tool bar
- Tool Tips
- Track
- Virtual Project
- VirtClip
- Visualization
- Wave Projects
- Wave Editing
- Workspace
- Zoom
Menu reference
File menu
- New Virtual Project (VIP)
- Open
  - Virtual project (*.vip)
  - RAM Wave Project (*.rap)
  - HD Wave Project (*.hdp)
  - Object (*.obj)
  - Edit List (*.edl)
  - Table Of Content (*.toc)
  - Session (*.sam)
- Load/Import
  - Load audio file
  - Import audio
  - Import as dump
  - Load MIDI file
  - Load video file
  - Import audio CD track(s)
  - Import audio DVD
- Save project
- Save project as
- Save project copy
- Save complete VIP in
- Save project as EDL
- Save project as template
- Burn project backup on CD/DVD
- Save object
- Save session
- Rename project
- Delete Wave Project(s)
- Delete virtual project (*.vip)
- Export audio
  - WAV
  - MP3
  - MP3 with external encoder
  - MPEG
  - Windows Media
  - Real Audio
  - AAC
  - FLAC
  - OGG Vorbis
  - AIFF
  - AIFF with QuickTime
  - Mono/stereo convert
  - Save in format
  - Export as Dump
  - 32-bit float as 16-bit / 20-bit / 24-bit
  - Export to "Video Pro X"...
  - Export video sound...
  - Export MIDI file
  - List export
- Batch processing
  - Tasks
  - Source files
  - Effects
  - Target format
  - Destination files
- Disconnect Internet
- FTP download
- Close project
- Exit
- Used projects
Edit menu
- Undo
- Redo
- Undo History
- Delete undo history
- Cut
  - Virtual projects (VIP)
  - Wave projects
- Delete
  - Virtual projects (VIP)
  - Wave projects
- Copy
- Paste / Insert Clip
- Extract
  - Virtual projects (VIP)
  - Wave projects
- Insert Silence
- Strip silence
- Append project
  - Add a VIP to a VIP
  - Add wave project to a wave project.
- More
- Crossfade Editor
  - Crossfading with the Crossfade Editor
- Auto-crossfade active
View menu
- Rebuild Graphic Data
- Sections
- Fix vertically
- Hide submix/AUX busses
- Overview mode
- Show grid
- Grid lines
- Units of measurement
- Snap active
- Snap and Grid Setup
- Display 2nd grid
- Exchange grids
- VIP Display Mode
- Store position and zoom level
- Store zoom level
- Get position and zoom level
- Get zoom level
- Horizontal
- Vertical
Track menu
- Insert new tracks
  - Add one track
  - Add several tracks
  - Insert tracks
  - Insert several tracks
  - New MIDI track
  - New track folder
  - New submix bus
  - New AUX bus
  - New surround bus
  - New surround AUX bus
- Cut tracks
- Copy tracks
- Paste tracks
- Deletes tracks
- Track properties
- Track effects
  - Track routing dialog
    - Track routing dialog - Routing
    - Track routing dialog - Dialog buttons
  - Copy track effect settings
  - Reset track effect settings
  - Save track effect settings... / Load track effects settings.
  - AUX sends
    - Dialog description
  - Additional track effects
- Track options
  - Audio
  - Record
    - Assign file name automatically
      - Audio options
  - MIDI
- Pan/Surround Editor (Stereo editor)
- VST Instrument Editor
- Track visualization
- Hide track
- Unhide all tracks
- Maximize track
- Minimize none
- Display subtracks
- Freeze track
  - Track freeze for AUX busses/submix busses
  - Submix bus
  - AUX bus
- Edit track freeze
  - Frozen Submix/AUX bus
- Unfreeze track
- Alternative revolver tracks
- Activate next/previous track
Object menu
- New object
- New synth object
- Cut objects
  - Cut
  - Copy
  - Paste
  - Delete
  - Extract
  - Duplicating
  - Duplicating and moving
  - Multiple duplication
  - Split objects at the project marker position
  - Split objects at the track marker position
  - Split object on audio marker position
- Split objects
- Trim Objects
- Heal/Unsplit Objects
- Glue objects
- Freeze objects
  - Edit object freeze
  - Unfreeze object
- Lock objects
  - Unlock objects
  - Lock definitions
- Move/Edit objects/crossfade
  - Moving objects
  - Object-/Fade step size ....
  - Object/Fade step size, objects step size 1, object step size
  - Object hotspot to play cursor position
  - Object to play cursor position
  - Object end to play cursor position
  - Object to original time position
  - Set new original position
  - Arranging objects
- Mute object
- Build looped object
- Set hotspot
- Delete Hotspot
- Select objects
  - Select objects under the play cursor / range
  - Select objects on active track
  - Selecting all objects
  - Unselect objects
  - Switch selection
  - Object lasso
  - Temporarily remove object from group
  - Temporarily remove all objects from a group.
  - Select previous object
  - Select next object
  - Select previous object
  - Select next object
- Group objects
- Ungroup objects
- Object effects
- Object color/name
  - Object background color
  - Object foreground color
  - Object name
- Object Editor
- Object Manager
- Take Manager
- Take composer
- Wave Editing
- Edit a copy of wave content
- Edit Root VIP
Automation menu
- Edit curve
- Delete all curves
- (Track) automation mode
- MIDI controller/automation
- Hide automation
- Display track automation
- Display object automation
- Display selected curves only
- Display unselected curves (cannot be activated)
- Display unselected curves (can be activated)
- Delete curve points
- Volume curve active
- Pan curve active
Range menu
- Range all
- Move play cursor
  - To start
  - To end
  - To beginning of range
  - To end of range
  - To start of section
  - Left/Right movement in page/scroll mode
  - Object border left
  - Object border right
  - Marker left
  - Marker right
  - Recall last stop position
  - Recall last position(s)
- Edit range
  - Move range start to left
  - Move range start to right
  - Move range end to left
  - Move range end to right
  - Range to start
  - Range to end
  - Flip range left
  - Flip range right
  - Beginning of range > 0
  - Beginning of range < 0
  - End of range > 0
  - End of range < 0
  - 0 > Range < 0
  - Range start to left marker
  - Start of range to left object edge
  - Range end to right marker
  - Set the end of the range to the right object edge
  - Range over all selected objects
  - Remove section
  - Range over no track
  - Range over current track
  - Range over all tracks
- Range length to
- Split range
- Split range for video
- Store range
- Get range
- Get range length
- Store markers
- Get markers
- Markers to range borders
- Set Markers on Silence
- Comparisonics audio search
- Set new Audio marker
- Copy audio markers to VIP markers
- Copy VIP marker to audio marker
- Erase Marker
- Deletes Markers in Range
- Delete all markers
- Recall last range
- Range Editor
- Range Manager
- Edit time display
Effects menu
- Notes on offline effect editing
- Extended options for destructive effect calculation
  - Destructive effect calculation in wave projects
  - Destructive effect calculation in wave projects
- Amplitude
  - Normalize
  - Normalize (quick access)
  - Loudness adaption
  - Show/Hide
  - Set to zero
- Dynamics (Overview)
  - What compressors are available in Samplitude?
  - Which compressor should be used and when?
  - Dynamics (Compressor / Expander / Gate / Limiter)
    - The following functions are available:
    - Dynamics - Parameter
  - Advanced Dynamics
  - Multiband Dynamics
  - Reserved
  - Multiband stereo enhancer
  - sMAX11
  - efx_Compressor
  - am-munition, am-track, am-phibia, am-pulse
- Frequency/Filter
  - Parametric equalizer
  - EQ116
  - Real-time (object) FFT filter/sound cloner
  - Sound Cloner functionality
  - Sound cloner controls
  - FFT filter/spectral analysis (offline)
  - Brilliance Enhancer
  - Filtox/De-esser
- Delay/Reverb
  - Delay
  - Room Simulator
  - efx_Reverb/efx_StereoDelay
  - Ecox/Variverb
- Time/Pitch
  - Resampling / Timestretching / Pitchshifting
  - Elastic Audio (Easy)
- Distortion
  - Amp simulation
  - Vandal
- Restoration
  - De-clipper
  - De-clipper
  - De-clicker/De-crackler
  - DeHisser
  - De-noiser – Remove unwanted noise
  - De-noiser – Remove unwanted noise
    - Noise reduction parameters
    - DeNoiser graphical display
  - Get noise sample
  - Remove DC offset (offline)
  - Spectral Cleaning (offline)
  - Spectral cleaning – the basics
  - Spectral cleaning – operation
  - Spectral cleaning – toolbar
  - Spectral cleaning – Edit selection
  - Spectral cleaning - Click markers
    - Spectral cleaning - Playback range
- Stereo/Phase
  - Reserved
  - Multiband stereo enhancer
  - Invert phase
- Modulation/Special
  - Convolution (offline)
  - Vocoder
  - efx_ChorusFlanger/efx_Phaser
  - Corvex
  - Reverse
- Sample manipulation
  - Change sample rate (offline)
    - Quality
  - Sample data / 2
  - Sample data * 2
  - Reverse
  - Build Physical Loop (offline)
- Plug-ins...
- essentialFX
  - Chorus/Flanger
    - Chorus flanger parameters
  - Phaser
    - Phaser parameters
  - Reverb
    - Reverb parameters
  - Stereo delay
    - Stereo delay parameters
  - Compressor
    - Compressor parameters
  - Expander/Gate
    - Expander/gate parameters
- MAGIX Plug-ins
  - Console
- Further console elements:
  - Parameter smoothing
  - Pot controls
- Analog Modeling Suite: am-track
  - am-track analogue modelling compressor & tape simulation
  - Compressor section
  - VCA mode
  - VINTAGE mode
  - Compression Parameters
    - VCA mode
    - Vintage mode
  - Compression expert settings
  - Tape section
  - Tips for applying tape simulation
- Analog Modelling Suite: am-pulse
  - Working method of the transient section
  - Transient section parameters
  - Saturation and HF details section
  - Creative tips for working with am-pulse
- Analog Modeling Suite: am-phibia
  - (Samplitude Professional)
  - Signal flow and steps
  - - active A/B
  - am-phibia - "Expert" view mode ('expert view')
  - - Pre MF freq
  - - Post LF/HF
- Analog Modelling Suite: am-munition
  - am-munition: Compressor/Limiter program
  - Overview of am-munition
  - am-munition parameters
  - am-munition Configuration
- CORVEX – Chorus/Flanger
  - CORVEX Parameters
  - Delay/Modulation section
  - Tone/Filter section
- ECOX – Echo/Delay
  - ECOX - Delay Time
  - ECOX - Modulation section
  - ECOX - Feedback path
- FILTOX – Multimode filter
  - FILTOX – Parameters:
- De-esser
- VariVerb Pro
  - Algorithms
  - Overview of the details
- Vandal
  - Particulars of Vandal
  - Quick start via preset selection
  - Tuner
  - Input
  - Stomp boxes
  - Overdrive/Distortion
  - Modulation effects
  - Volume/Dynamics
  - Filter/EQ
  - Vandal - Amplifier
  - Guitar amp
  - Bass amp
  - Cabinet simulation
  - Vandal - Quick start with amp and cabinet simulation
  - Rack effects (FX1/FX2)
  - Scene memory
  - Parameter control via MIDI and remote
- Edit left/right channel only
- Apply effects offline
Tools menu
- Trackbouncing
- Range bouncing (internal mixdown)
- Remove unused samples
- Delete freeze data
- Compile project data
- Waveform Generator
- SMPTE Generator
- New manager...
- Managers
- Audio marker manager
- Start Windows Explorer
- Timestretch/Pitchshift Patcher
- Remix Agent – Tempo and beat recognition
Playback menu
- Play once
- Play loop
- Play in range/loop
- Play with preload
- Play only selected objects
- Play cut
- Stop
- Stop and go to current position
- Restart play
- Playback options
  - Scrubbing
  - Varispeed/Scrub settings
- Playback mode
- Record
- Capture options
  - Options
- Record Mode / Punch In
- Monitoring
- Auto JamSession
Tempo menu
- Tempo/time signature
- Set new tempo marker
  - Tempo markers
- Set new time signature
  - Time signature marker
- Set new bar position marker
  - Bar position marker (Advanced tempo mapping)
- Ignore all time markers / use project beat
- Working with tempo and beat markers
  - Creating tempo markers
  - Manipulating the tempo marker in "Timestretch" mouse mode
- Metronome active
- Metronome Options
- Audio quantization wizard
- Audio quantization – Tutorial
MIDI menu
- New MIDI Object
- New MIDI track
- MIDI Editor
- Object Editor
- Glue MIDI Objects
- Trim MIDI objects
- MIDI bouncing
- Retrospective MIDI recording
- Demix MIDI objects by channels
- MIDI note quantize (standard)
- advanced MIDI quantization
  - Start Q/MIDI quantization
  - Q/MIDI quantization start and length (start and length)
  - Q/MIDI length quantization
  - Soft Q (gradual quantization)
  - Quantize note ends
  - Cancel MIDI quantization
- MIDI Humanize Q
- MIDI quantization settings...
- MIDI velocity dynamics settings
- Apply MIDI velocity dynamics
- Set MIDI velocity to fixed value
- Randomize MIDI velocity
- Track options
- Track MIDI Record
- MIDI controllers
- VST instrument editor
- MIDI Options
- MIDI Record Mode
  - Normal
  - Overdub
  - Replace
- MIDI Panic – All Notes off
CD/DVD menu
- Import audio CD track(s)
  - The track list dialog
  - Drive options dialog
  - CD-Drive Configuration
- Import audio DVD
- Set CD Track Index
- Set CD sub index
- Set CD pause index
- Set CD end index
- Set Track Indices on Silence
- Set track indices on object edges
- Set track indices on object edges - Options
  - Set also Pause Indices on Object Ends
  - Time Offset for Indices on Object Edges
  - No Indices on Object Crossfades
- Remove index
- Remove all indices
- Make CD
  - TOC Export
  - Burn CD
- Create Audio DVD...
  - Create DVD audio
- Show CDR drive Information....
- Show CDR Disc Information...
- CD Track / Index Manager
- CD disc options
- CD text/ MP3 ID editor
- Set pause time
- Set start Pause Time....
- CD arrange mode
- Get FreeDB title info
- FreeDB options
  - Submit CD to FreeDB
  - Freedb user preferences
  - Freedb proxy options...
  - Clear CD info cache
- Search CD online and set track indices
- Audio ID
Options menu
- Project properties
- Project options
- Track options
- Synchronization active
- Synchronization Setup
- MMC setup
- Program Preferences
- System options
Window menu
- Cascade
- Tile
- Untile
- Arrange Icons
- Main Toolbar
- Main Toolbar 2
- Position bar
- Position bar 2
- Punch/ Play bar
- Mouse Mode Toolbar
- Range bar
- Grid toolbar
- Workspace bar
- Button bar
- Status bar
- Mixer
- Track Editor
- Time display
  - Time display – Current field
- Visualization
  - Value range / display
  - Speed
  - Peak hold
  - Spectral options
  - Display/Colors
  - Reset (all)
  - Device
  - Open new visualization
  - Load/save setup:
  - K-metering
  - Peak meter
  - Oscilloscope
  - Bit meter
  - Correlation meter
  - l/R oscilloscope (phase correlation):
  - Directional gauge
  - Spectroscope
  - Spectrogram
  - Tuner
- Transport Control
- Manager
- Video Window
- Close all Windows
- Iconise all Wave Projects
- Hide all Wave Projects
- Half Height
- 1, 2, …
Help menu
- Help
- Help Index...
- Context Help...
- About Help...
- About Samplitude...
- Start Wizard / Tip of the Day
- System Information...
- Dongle Activation
Index

MIDI EDITORS 239

• Drag events horizontally: Click the left half of the selected events. This turns the mouse

pointer into a horizontal double arrow. Now drag the selected events horizontally on the

timeline. The dragging step length is specified by the snap value settings.

• Drag events vertically: Click the right half of the selected events. This turns the mouse

pointer into a vertical double arrow. Now drag the selected events vertically in pitch.

• You can temporarily remove the snap and freely drag the event by holding "Alt".

Relative snap for dragging operations ("Options -> Relative snap dragging"): If these

option is active, the interval between events to the next snap position remains for event

dragging. This makes preferred implementation of instrument groups easier to rearrange.