Macintosh Performa User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Macintosh Performa 600 series computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information 1 Getting Started 1 Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card Connecting a monitor 3 3 Connecting the mouse and keyboard Connecting other equipment Turning the computer on 6 8 9 Problems turning your computer on? What’s next? 11 12 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 13 14 Turning the computer off Where to find answers 2 Getting Help vi 15 17 19 Getting answers to your questions Identifying objects on the screen Learning
3 Connecting Additional Equipment 31 Where to connect additional equipment 32 Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone Connecting external stereo speakers Expanding memory 33 34 36 Installing internal drives 36 4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks Installing application programs 37 38 Working with several programs at a time Protecting the information on a disk 39 40 Restoring the information on your hard disk 5 Troubleshooting 49 When you have questions 49 When you run into trouble 49
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 75 Health-related information about computer use Safety instructions 80 Handling your computer equipment Cleaning your equipment Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card Opening the computer 81 85 Locking and unlocking the mouse 87 89 91 Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card Installing a communication card Closing the computer 94 95 97 Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Typing special characters and symbols Special key combinations
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Monitor Macintosh Performa computer Keyboard cable (sometimes built into the keyboard as shown here) Keyboard Mouse Monitor cable (sometimes built into the monitor) Computer power cord Monitor power cord
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet.
When you are ready to begin, follow these steps: 1 Plug the socket end of the computer’s power cord into the recessed power cord socket (marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer. 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip. Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access. WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded.Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin.
Installing an expansion card If you purchased any expansion cards separately from your Macintosh, install them now. (For instructions, see Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card,” as well as the documentation that came with the cards.) If you don’t have an expansion card, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.” Connecting a monitor You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh.
3 Plug in the monitor power cord. Be sure to plug the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.
Connecting the monitor cable After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the computer’s monitor port. To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps: 1 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor. On some monitors, the cable is already attached (as shown below). 2 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor port on the back panel of the computer. The monitor port is marked with the ™ icon (symbol).
Connecting the mouse and keyboard You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a separate cable or a built-in cable. Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.
Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable 1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard. Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer. The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). Align the symbols before you insert the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.
Connecting other equipment If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this chapter. When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the instructions in Chapter 3.
Turning the computer on Follow these steps to turn the computer on: 1 Turn on the monitor. See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power button. 2 Turn on your computer by pressing the Power key. The Power key is at the top of the keyboard. You can recognize this key by the triangle outline on it (P). You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up.
3 Check to see what’s on your screen. m If you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use. Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter. Hard disk icon Your Launcher probably has more items in it than are shown in this illustration. Macintosh desktop m If you see a blinking question mark, you probably need to install system software on your computer’s hard disk.
Problems turning your computer on? If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem: m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip turned on? m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front panel should be on. If it isn’t on, press the standby power button on the computer’s back panel (marked with the symbol ®).
What’s next? Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue with one of the following steps: m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh. m If you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your computer, see Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment.
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-to-use program called the Performa Tutorial. The two-part tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk. Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger).
If you don’t see the picture for the Performa Tutorial on your screen, put the arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and release) the mouse button. If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse, pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.) 3 Without moving the mouse, click the mouse button. A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial.
Turning the computer off To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu. Detailed instructions follow. (Note: The Shut Down command is also available in the Special menu.) 1 Move the tip of the arrow to the Apple (K) menu at the top left of the screen. 2 With the tip of the arrow on the apple, press and hold down the mouse button.
2 Click Shut Down. To turn the computer on, simply press the Power key again. WARNING Do not turn the computer off by pressing the standby power button on the back panel. If you do so, you may lose any work you haven’t previously saved to a disk. You also risk losing any open documents.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh Performa User’s Guid e Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears. 2 Click one of the category buttons.
3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one). 4 30 Chapter 2 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware. 3 Connecting Additional Equipment The illustration below shows a basic Macintosh system. You can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as a printer, modem, or external stereo speakers). Monitor Floppy disk drive Computer Remote control sensor - Volume buttons CD-ROM drive (optional) Use these buttons to change the volume of the computer’s sound.
Where to connect additional equipment The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to your computer. For instructions on connecting additional equipment such as a printer or scanner, see the manual that came with the equipment. WARNING Before you connect any equipment—such as a mouse, keyboard, or external SCSI device—to your computer, make sure that your computer is plugged in (in order to ground the computer) and turned off.
Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone Your computer has a sound input port, which you can use to connect an Apple PlainTalk Microphone. Use PlainTalk only: You should connect only the Apple PlainTalk Microphone. Other models of microphone will not work with your Macintosh. To connect the microphone, do this: m Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the icon X) on the back of the computer.
Connecting external stereo speakers You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching external powered (amplified) speakers. 1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need. You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both speakers to the computer. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown here, accept a single stereo miniplug and are joined by standard speaker wires.
5 Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary. 6 Turn on the computer. You hear the computer’s sound through the external speakers. Note: To control the volume of your external speakers, use the volume buttons on the front of the computer. If you are playing an audio compact disc (CD), you may also need to adjust the volume control in the program you’re using to play CDs.
Expanding memory The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded. Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in your Macintosh. WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM.
Read this chapter to learn how to work with application programs and protect the information on your disks. 4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks Your computer came installed with several ready-to-use application programs. You can open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher. The Apple Extras folder on your hard disk (or the Macintosh Performa CD) contains other programs (some of which must be installed before they will work), including the following: m AppleScript.
Installing application programs You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them. In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy disk drive. Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.
If your computer does not have a CD-ROM drive If your computer does not have a CD-ROM drive, use Apple Backup to copy the entire contents of your Macintosh hard disk to floppy disks. Keeping this backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. You should update your backup copy at least once a month, and in between full backups you should store copies of important documents on floppy disks.
2 Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window. The Apple Backup program opens. 3 Click the Continue button. A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy disks you need. 4 Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button. A message appears, telling you how many disks you need to make the copy and approximately how long it will take. Make sure you have enough time and disks to complete the copying.
6 Insert a high-density floppy disk into the disk drive. A message tells you when it’s time to insert another floppy disk. 7 Lock each disk as you remove it from the computer. Label the disks to indicate the order in which you create them (for example: Backup 1, Backup 2, and so on). To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole is open.
4 Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window. The Apple Backup program opens. 5 Click the Continue button. A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy disks you need. 6 Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button. A message appears, telling you how many disks you will need to copy all files on your hard disk, or to copy just the System Folder. It also tells you approximately how long it will take to make the copy.
7 Click the button that corresponds to your choice. Make sure you have enough time and disks to complete the copying. If you stop the copying before it’s done, you’ll have to start over from the beginning. 8 Unlock your first backup floppy disk. To unlock the disk, turn the disk label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that it covers the square hole. (The disk has two square holes, but only one of them has a moveable tab.
Restoring the information on your hard disk If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore it if you have a backup copy of the information. If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, the Macintosh Performa CD contains copies of all the system software and application programs that came with your computer. See the Macintosh Performa CD booklet for instructions on using the Macintosh Performa CD.
5 If you’re starting up from the Macintosh Performa CD, turn on your Macintosh and then immediately press and hold down the x (Command), Shift, Option, and Delete keys (all at the same time). As soon as the smiling Macintosh appears on your screen, release the keys. The key combination tells your computer not to start up from the internal hard disk. It takes several moments for you computer to start up. 6 Locate the Apple Restore icon (on Utilities disk) or button (on Macintosh Performa CD ).
10 Respond to any messages you see on the screen. If Apple Restore finds an item on your hard disk that is newer than an item with the same name on the floppy disk, it asks whether you want the older version of the item to replace the newer version. Use the following guidelines to decide whether or not to replace the item: m If the item is system software, click Replace Newer Version. m If the item is one of your own files, click Keep Newer Version.
Consult this chapter if you experience problems using your computer. 5 Troubleshooting When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. When you run into trouble While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen.
Take your time When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the Macintosh. To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can before starting over. m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred. Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any).
Start over Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over. If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.
Rebuild your desktop regularly A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your startup disks once a month or so. To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps: 1 Hold down the Option and x keys while you start up your computer.
Solutions to common problems The computer is turned on but the screen is dark. One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver. m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly. Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary. m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen. This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.
When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected. This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk. Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun starting up. A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.
The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop. If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk. If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following: m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. m The disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.
A dialog box with a bomb appears. Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, the text of the message, and the message number, if there is one. m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem. m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the dialog box appeared.
Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting up the computer with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.
Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen. One of the following is probably the cause: m Your system has a software problem. Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter. Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available. One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory. Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh. Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory.
You can’t open a document, or you see a message that an application program can’t be found. m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program. Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document, then choose Open from the program’s File menu to try to open the document. m Purchase and install the correct software to use the document, or find out if the creator of the document can convert it to a form that one of your programs can use.
Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the Macintosh are not accurately displayed on DOS computers, and vice versa. For more information about working with DOS documents on your Macintosh, see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. Repairing a damaged disk If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may need to repair the disk.
Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. For information on setting SCSI ID numbers and terminating a SCSI chain, see the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment. m If none of these suggestions solves the problem, test the disk by following the instructions given later in this section. Starting up from a CD-ROM disc To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk.
If you see the Macintosh desktop 1 Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray. 2 Place the Macintosh Performa CD disc in the tray with the disc label facing up. Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray. 3 Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.
6 Click the CD icon to select it as your startup disk. 7 Close the Startup Disk control panel. 8 Press and hold down the Control, Command (x), and Power keys. Starting up from a floppy disk To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If you don’t have a built-in CD-ROM drive, you can start up the computer using the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer.
3 Choose Scan For Defects in the Functions menu. If the program finds damaged blocks, it marks them so the computer will not store information in them. This process does not harm any information on the hard disk. Testing an external SCSI hard disk You can test an external Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the Macintosh Performa CD or the Utilities disk— whichever came with your computer. 1 Start up your computer from the Macintosh Performa CD or the Utilities disk.
4 Click Test. 5 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit. If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section), or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance if necessary.
4 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk. If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair. 5 When testing and repair are done, choose Quit from the File menu.
Initializing a hard disk The hard disk inside your computer was initialized (formatted for use) at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it. You need to initialize a hard disk only if m you purchase a hard disk that has not been initialized at the factory m your hard disk is damaged If a hard disk needs to be initialized, the disk’s icon may not appear on the desktop when you start up the computer using another disk. WARNING Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it.
3 Click Drive until the disk you want to initialize appears. You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program. SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk Name of the currently selected hard disk 4 Click Initialize. 5 Click Init to initialize the hard disk. Click here to initialize the disk. 6 If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK.
Reinitializing your computer’s internal hard disk You initialize your internal hard disk using a program called Internal HD Format, which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Internal HD Format on the Macintosh Performa CD. 1 Start up your computer from the Utilities floppy disk or the Macintosh Performa CD.
Installing or reinstalling system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer, though another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be a startup disk.
How to install or reinstall system software If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can install or reinstall system software by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa CD booklet that came with your computer. If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you’ve used Apple Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, you can use Apple Restore to reinstall system software. For instructions, see “Restoring the Information on Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 4.
Read this appendix for important health and safety instructions, as well as tips on keeping your computer in good working order. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface. m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.
Safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.
Handling your computer equipment Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components: m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface, and carefully follow all setup instructions. m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its connector (the plug, not the cord). m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component.
Handling the monitor Follow these procedures for handling a monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen. You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user groups.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
If you can’t eject a floppy disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive. m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on again.
Cleaning your equipment Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and its components: m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid getting moisture in any openings. m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives. Cleaning the computer case To clean the case, do the following: 1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.
2 Turn the mouse upside-down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise to disengage it. On some mouse devices, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather than turn it) to disengage it. If you cannot disengage the ring, your mouse may be locked. See “Locking and Unlocking the Mouse,” next in the appendix. 3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your other hand.
Locking and unlocking the mouse Some mouse devices can be locked so that the ball can’t be removed. A locking mouse has a small hole on the plastic ring. To lock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring. Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole. (The hole may be located here on your mouse.) 2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring clockwise. Turn the ring a very short distance, until it stops.
To unlock the mouse, follow these steps: 1 Insert a straightened paper clip into the hole on the plastic ring. Insert a straightened paper clip into this hole. (The hole may be located here on your mouse.) 2 Press down on the paper clip while you turn the ring counterclockwise. Turn the ring a very short distance. When the recessed area on the ring is lined up with the recessed area surrounding the ring, the mouse is unlocked.
Read this appendix for instructions on installing an expansion card in your computer. Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities, networking and communications, and additional processing power.
Cards fit into slots on the computer’s logic board, the board that holds the components that make your computer work.
Installing an expansion card involves three steps: m opening the computer m inserting the card into a specific slot m closing the computer Opening the computer 1 Shut down your computer by choosing Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu or the Special menu. You can also press the Power key on the keyboard. 2 Unplug all the cables except the power cord from your computer. Leaving the power cord plugged in helps protect the computer from electrostatic discharge.
4 Pulling gently, swing the panel down, and slip it out. Remove the back panel. 5 If there are security screws on the vertical plate on the back of the computer, remove them with a Phillips screwdriver. If there are security screws, remove both screws from the vertical plate.
6 Unplug the power cord from your computer. 7 Swing the handle out from its storage position. Then grasp the handle and gently but firmly pull it toward you. The vertical plate and the logic board to which it’s attached slide all the way out of the computer. Carefully support the logic board as it comes out, and put it on a stable, clean, flat surface. What you do next depends on the type of expansion card you want to install.
Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card 1 If your PDS (processor-direct slot) card has ports for connecting equipment, remove the plastic access cover from the vertical plate. Squeeze the two plastic tabs together and pull off the metal retainer so the access cover can come off. Metal retainer Vertical plate Processor-direct slot 2 Remove the PDS card from its static-proof bag. Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching any connectors on the card.
5 Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place. Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again. To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected. Installing a communication card 1 If your communication card has ports for connecting equipment, remove the plastic access cover from the vertical plate. Push the two plastic tabs apart and pull off the metal retainer so the access cover can come off.
4 Align the card over the communication slot. Vertical plate Communication port access hole 5 Communication slot Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place. Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again. To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in place, it’s connected.
Closing the computer 1 Slip the base of the logic board into the guide rails inside the computer case and swing the handle back into its storage position. Make sure the logic board slides into the guides that are on both sides of the computer’s interior. Swing the handle up, into its storage position. 2 Press the reset button on the logic board, and then slide the board back into the computer. When you press the reset button, some of your computer’s software settings will change.
3 If you removed security screws earlier, reinsert them now. Reinsert security screws here. 4 Slip the three hooks at the base of the back panel into the grooves on the computer case. Slip the three hooks on the back panel into the grooves in the computer case. 5 Swing the back panel up and snap it into place. Snap the plastic back panel into place.
6 Plug the cables back into the computer. 7 Reconnect the power cord. Your computer is now ready to turn on and use. WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and external parts are in place. Operating the computer when it is open or missing parts can be dangerous, and can damage your computer.
Read this appendix to learn how to use the special keys on your keyboard. Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is often an alternative method of quitting a program.
Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued) Control key control Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point. delete Enter key enter Escape key esc Function keys F1 Option key Numeric keys alt option num lock = / 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 clear * Use in combination with other keys to produce special characters or modify actions.
Typing special characters and symbols You can type a variety of international and other special symbols and characters (including characters with diacritical marks, such as accents) by pressing combinations of keys. The Key Caps program, which is installed with your system software, shows you the characters produced when you type certain keys and key combinations in the fonts available on your computer. You choose Key Caps from the Apple (K) menu, then choose the font from the Key Caps menu.
If you see rectangles: If you see rectangles instead of diacritical marks on some of the pictures of keys in Key Caps, try pressing Option-x to see the diacritical marks. However, you only need to use the Option key (not Option-x) in combination with the other keys to type letters with diacritical marks. If you press the Option key at the same time as a key for a specific diacritical mark and then release both keys, Key Caps outlines in bold the keys for letters that can be typed with that mark.
If you can’t find what you’re looking for in this index, look in Macintosh Guide— available in the Guide (h) menu on your computer.
compatibility with system software 58, 60 disk repair 68–69 disk test, for external hard disks 67–68 disk test, for internal hard disk 66–67 installing 37, 38 memory problems with 61 opening 14, 39 open, listed 39 quitting unexpectedly 58, 61 quitting when system freezes 51 screen saver program 53, 82 switching between 14, 39 troubleshooting 38, 58–62 for typing special characters 103–104 Applications button (Launcher) 41, 43 arrow keys 101 arrow pointer on screen “frozen” 58–59 moving 13–14 audio input/out
CD-ROM drive.
108 Index disk test programs for external hard disk 67–68 for internal hard disk 66–67 displaying windows on desktop 40 documents, DOS 62–63 DOS disks 57 drive.
formatting external hard disk 70–71 formatting floppy disks 57 formatting internal hard disk 70, 72 frozen system, troubleshooting 51, 58–59 function keys 102 G grave accent, typing 104 grounding plug 2, 81 Guide menu 14, 17, 19.
Finder 39 hard disk 10, 14, 56 Internal HD Format 72 opening, shortcut for 14 question mark, as Guide menu indicator 14, 17 “sad Macintosh” 55 Trash 14 identifying objects on screen 28 Index button 23–24 information sources 17 initializing DOS disks 57 initializing external hard disk 70–71 initializing floppy disks 57 initializing internal hard disk 70, 72 insertion point (i) moving with Return key 102 moving with Tab key 102 setting with pointer 60 installing additional memory 36 installing Apple PlainTalk
M Macintosh basics 13–14 Macintosh desktop 10 Macintosh Guide window 20–27 appearance of 20 closing 27 “Huh?” button in 27 Index button in 23–24 Look For button in 21, 25–26 moving 27 moving to next step in 22 opening 20 returning to 22 searching for general subjects in 21–22 searching for specific subjects in 21, 23–24 searching for words or phrases in 21, 25–26 shrinking and expanding 27 tips for using 27 Topics button in 21–22 Macintosh Performa CD 40.
mouse pad 13 moving arrow on screen 13–14 moving insertion point with keys 102 moving Macintosh Guide window 27 moving mouse 13–14 musculoskeletal discomfort 76 N networking card.
R radio and television interference vi random-access memory (RAM) adding 36 required for QuickDraw GX and PowerTalk programs 37 rebuilding desktop 52 when application can’t be found 62 when icons don’t appear correctly 56 reinstalling system software 73–74 remote control sensor 31 repair.
starting up 9–10. See also restarting Macintosh from CD-ROM drive 47, 64–66 from device other than internal hard disk 47 from floppy disk 66 troubleshooting 11, 53–56 startup disk purpose of 73 restarting computer with 51 troubleshooting 54, 55, 58, 60 Startup Disk control panel 65 startup tone 2 stereo headphone jack 31 stereo miniplug 34 stereo speakers installing 34–35 port for (sound output port) 32 support. See service and support switching between programs 14, 39 system extensions.
pointer does not move 58–59 power 11, 53 rebuilding desktop 52, 56, 62 repairing disks 63–69 restarting Macintosh 51 “sad Macintosh” icon 55 screen display 11, 53 SCSI devices 54, 56, 63–64 starting applications 61, 62 starting up 11, 53–56 starting up from CD-ROM drive 65–66 system extensions 56, 58, 59 system software 58, 60, 73–74 text entry problems 60 turning off computer 15–16 for solving problems 51 turning off extensions and control panels 58 turning on computer 9–10 turning on monitor 9 tutorial, s
The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™ Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers.
