Gel Doc™ XR+ and ChemiDoc™ XRS+ Systems with Image Lab™ Software User Guide Version 5.
Notice No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Bio-Rad reserves the right to modify its products and services at any time. This user guide is subject to change without notice.
Table of Contents Safety and Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Important Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Regulatory Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
| Table of Contents Chapter 2 Gel Doc XR+ Imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Gel Doc XR+ Imager Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Gel Doc XR+ Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Gel Doc XR+ Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 3 ChemiDoc XRS+ Imager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
| Table of Contents Chapter 6 Acquiring Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 The Protocol Setup Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Creating a Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Setting Up a New Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Step 1. Gel Imaging for Single-Channel Protocols . . . . .
| Table of Contents Chapter 8 Analyzing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Using Auto Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Analysis Tool Box Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Image Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Correcting a Slanted Gel . . . . . . . . . . .
| Table of Contents Chapter 10 Exporting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Exporting Gel Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Exporting Gel Images for Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Exporting Gel Images for Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Exporting Gel Images to PulseNet International . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
| Table of Contents Modifying Secure Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Signing Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Document Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Viewing the Document Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Appendix A Maintenance . . . . . . . . . .
| Table of Contents Appendix E Using Bio-Rad’s Stain-Free Technology . . . . . . . . . 223 Stain-Free Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Electrophoresis with Stain-Free Gels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Imaging Gels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Imaging Blots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
| x | Table of Contents Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ with Image Lab Software
Safety and Regulatory Compliance Important Safety Information Please read these instructions before attempting to operate the Gel Doc™ XR+ or ChemiDoc™ XRS+ imaging system. This instrument is suitable for research use only. It must be used, therefore, only by specialized personnel who know the health risks associated with the reagents that are normally used with this instrument. Use of the Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system involves UV illumination.
| Safety and Regulatory Compliance Warranty The Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for one year. If any defect occurs in the instrument during this warranty period, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. will repair or replace the defective parts at its discretion without charge.
Regulatory Notices Regulatory Notices The Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system is designed and certified to meet EN 61010, the internationally accepted electrical safety standard, EMC regulations, and TUV requirements. Certified products are safe to use when operated in accordance with this user guide. Do not modify or alter this instrument in any way.
| Safety and Regulatory Compliance Table 1. Notes, Cautions, and Warnings, continued Icon Meaning Caution: With the exception of cleaning or replacing light bulbs, refer all servicing to qualified Bio-Rad personnel or their agents. If you experience technical difficulties with the instrument, contact Bio-Rad to schedule service. The instrument should not be modified or altered in any way. Alteration voids the manufacturer’s warranty and might create a potential safety hazard for the user.
Power Safety Information Power Safety Information Voltage Setting Information The universal hood of the Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc XRS+ imager has a power supply that automatically chooses the correct voltage for your country or region. Fuses The universal hood of the Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc XRS+ imager has two userserviceable fuses, F1 and F2, which are located on the bottom rear panel and are a part of the power entry module. See Fuse Replacement on page 192 for information about replacing the fuses.
| Safety and Regulatory Compliance 16 | Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ Systems with Image Lab Software
1 Introduction Gel Doc™ XR+ and ChemiDoc™ XRS+ gel documentation systems offer high performance and ease of use. They both contain a charge coupled device (CCD) camera to capture images in real time and allow you to accurately position your sample and generate optimized image data. The Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ systems use the same lighttight enclosure (the universal hood), which contains built-in UV and white light illumination, but different CCD cameras.
1 | Introduction Smart, application-based protocol setup using Image Lab software, which assists you by presenting appropriate filter and illumination sources for each application Ability to upgrade to the ChemiDoc XRS+ system ChemiDoc XRS+ Imaging System In addition to the gel documentation applications of Gel Doc XR+ system, the ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system offers sensitive chemiluminescent detection.
System Components A patent-pending software algorithm controls the MZL, giving the user automatic image focus once an initial calibration is performed during system installation. See the Technical Specifications table, included in the chapter which discusses your camera, for complete specifications of each system. A +1 diopter lens is factory installed to allow the entire sample stage to be visible. This lens should always remain on the MZL assembly.
1 | Introduction Emission Filters The universal hood can hold two different emission filters for fluorescent applications. No filter is required to image chemiluminescent samples. A standard filter (catalog #170-8081) is used for colorimetric (white light) applications and is included in the installation kit. Optional Accessories Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. offers a selection of optional filters and illumination sources.
2 Gel Doc XR+ Imager Refer to the Gel Doc™ XR+ Installation Guide found in your Gel Doc XR+ Installation Kit for information about installing and calibrating your system. Refer to Chapter 4, Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software for information about installing Image Lab™ software. To recalibrate your system because you have acquired new accessories, refer to Chapter 11, System Calibration.
2 | Gel Doc XR+ Imager Gel Doc XR+ Applications The Gel Doc XR+ system is capable of running a wide variety of protocols. Below are examples of the detection reagents, listed by application, that can be used to image your samples. Contact Bio-Rad technical support to determine whether your application can be imaged on this instrument. See Chapter 6, Acquiring Images, for information about designing protocols.
Gel Doc XR+ Technical Specifications Gel Doc XR+ Technical Specifications Applications Chemiluminescence No Fluorescence* Yes Colorimetry/densitometry Yes Gel documentation Yes Hardware Specifications Maximum sample size Maximum image area Excitation source Illumination control Length: 28 cm Width: 36 cm Length: 19.4 cm Width: 26 cm Trans-UV and epi-white are standard (302 nm included, with 254 and 365 nm available as options).
2 | Gel Doc XR+ Imager Emission filters 1 included (standard) 3 optional Dynamic range >3.
3 ChemiDoc XRS+ Imager Refer to the ChemiDoc™ XRS+ Installation Guide found in your Image Lab™ upgrade for the ChemiDoc XRS+ system for information about assembling and calibrating the ChemiDoc XRS+ system. Refer to Chapter 4, Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software for information about installing Image Lab software. To recalibrate your system because you have acquired new accessories, refer to Chapter 11, System Calibration.
3 | ChemiDoc XRS+ Imager ChemiDoc XRS+ Applications The ChemiDoc XRS+ system is capable of running protocols to image all of the nucleic acid gels, protein gels, and blots listed in Gel Doc XR+ Applications on page 22 plus the others added to this list. Those listed are examples of the detection reagents that can be used to image your samples and is not considered a complete list. Contact Bio-Rad technical support to determine whether your application can be imaged on this instrument.
ChemiDoc XRS+ Technical Specifications ChemiDoc XRS+ Technical Specifications Applications Chemiluminescence Yes Fluorescence* Yes Colorimetry/densitometry Yes Gel documentation Yes Hardware Specifications Maximum sample size Maximum image area Excitation source Illumination control Length: 28 cm Width: 36 cm Length: 26 cm Width: 35 cm Trans-UV and epi-white are standard (302 nm included, with 254 and 365 nm available as options) Optional trans white, self-powered or conv
3 | ChemiDoc XRS+ Imager Emission filters 1 included (standard) 3 optional Dynamic range >4.
4 Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software System Requirements Image Lab™ software runs on Microsoft Windows XP Professional, Microsoft Windows 7, and Mac OS X. Images scanned at high resolution can be quite large. The amount of memory required for using the program is determined by the size of the images you scan and analyze. For this reason, we recommend that you archive images on a network file server or on removable storage media.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software Specifications Minimum Recommended Hard disk space 20 GB >100 GB Memory (RAM) 1,024 MB >1,024 MB Ports for connecting instrument 1 free USB 2.0 port 1 free USB 2.
Installing Image Lab Software The Image Lab installer automatically launches. 2. On the Welcome screen, click Next. 3. Accept the license agreement and click Next. 4. On the Edition Selection screen, choose the edition to install.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software Note the following. If you are licensed to install the Security Edition but choose to install the Standard Edition, you will need to uninstall the Standard Edition and install the Security Edition before you can use it. If you are licensed to install the Security Edition and choose to install it, only a user assigned the Image Lab Administrator role (or group) privileges can enable and disable secure mode.
Installing Image Lab Software 6. A screen appears requesting your license code. Note: Your 18-digit license code can be found in the Image Lab product folder pocket. Enter the 18–digit code in the three text boxes. The software verifies the code. Tip: If you do not know or do not have access to the code, contact your Bio-Rad customer service representative. Note: Until you provide a license code, Image Lab will function only in standard mode. 7. Click Next. 8.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software 10. On the Ready to Install the Program screen, click Install. The wizard installs Image Lab.
Installing Image Lab Software 11. When the installation is complete, you are prompted to display the Release Notes and/or the Windows Installer log. The following screen shot is an example of the Windows Installer log. 12. Select or clear the checkboxes in the Install Wizard Completed dialog. 13. Click Finish to exit the wizard.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software The Image Lab icon appears on your desktop. Follow the instructions in the next section to connect your system. To install Image Lab on a Mac 1. Insert the Image Lab software CD in your CD-ROM drive. 2. Double-click the CD icon on your desktop to see the folder contents. 3. Double-click the file Image Lab.dmg. 4. Drag the Image Lab application icon into the Applications folder.
Installing the Drivers on a Windows XP Computer The dialog box listing the driver that will be installed appears. 2. By default, the radio button for Install the software automatically (Recommended) is selected. Keep the default selection and click Next. The following warning dialog box appears. 3. Click Continue Anyway.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software Windows installs the driver. When the installation is complete, the following dialog box appears. 4. Click Finish. A message appears briefly: Your new hardware is ready to use. Note: Windows XP might prompt you to go through the driver installation a second time. If this happens, repeat this section until you receive the message “Your new hardware is ready to use.
Installing the Drivers on a Windows 7 Computer Installing the Drivers on a Windows 7 Computer If you are running Windows 7, the device driver is installed during the Image Lab installation process. After successful installation, you see a message similar to the following. Note: During the installation process you might see a warning similar to the following. You can ignore this warning because it appears even when the driver has been installed correctly.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software The License Code field is populated with the 18-digit license code that you entered when you installed Image Lab. The Security Edition Activation dialog box appears. 40 2. Select Activate Via Internet. 3. Click Activate.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition Within about 30 seconds you will receive a confirmation that your Image Lab Security Edition has been activated. To activate the Security Edition via email 1. Double-click the Image Lab icon on your desktop to open Image Lab. The Security Edition Activation dialog box appears. The License Code field is populated with the 18-digit license code that you entered when you installed Image Lab. 2. Select Activate Via Create Activation Email. 3. Click Create Email.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software A Save File window appears with the File name field already filled in. Do not change this file name. 4. Click Browse Folders to choose a location for the file, and click Save. 5. In your email program, create an email addressed to LSG.TechServ.US@Bio-Rad.com, with the subject line: Request to Activate Image Lab software Security Edition. 6. Attach the ActivationEmail.txt file to the email and click Send.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition 9. Select Activate Via Receive Activation Email. 10. Click Receive Email. An Open File window appears. 11. Navigate to the location where you saved the UnlockCode.txt file, select the file, and click Open at the bottom of the window.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software The Security Edition activation complete window appears. 12. Click OK to close the window. Deactivate Image Lab Security Edition Image Lab can be installed on more than one computer. Bio-Rad Laboratories recommends that you install the software on only one desktop computer and one laptop. To load the Image Lab Security Edition on a second computer, the software must be deactivated on the first computer before it can be activated on another.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition The system sends a message to the Bio-Rad Technical Support Department, a window stating that your deactivation was successful appears, and Image Lab Security Edition is immediately deactivated. To deactivate the Security Edition via email 1. From the Security menu, click Deactivate Security Edition to display the Deactivate Security Edition dialog box. 2. Select Deactivate Via Create Deactivation Email. 3. Click Deactivate.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software A Save File window appears. 4. Navigate to the folder in which you want to save the deactivation email and click Save. 5. Create an email addressed to LSG.TechServ.US@Bio-Rad.com, with the subject line: Request to Deactivate Image Lab software Security Edition. 6. Attach the DeactivationEmail.txt file to the email and click Send in your email program.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition To enable secure mode 1. From the Security menu, click Security Preferences to display the Security Preferences dialog box. 2. Select Enable secure mode. 3. Click OK to display the Enable Secure Mode authentication dialog box. 4. Enter your Image Lab Administrator user name and password. 5. If you are set up on a Windows network server, type the name of the Windows domain in the Domain field.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software A message appears stating that you must restart Image Lab for the new secure mode enable setting to take effect. 7. Click OK. The application exits. Important: For full details on why and how to set your security preferences, see Setting Security Preferences on page 50. To disable secure mode 48 1. From the Security menu, click Security Preferences to display the Security Preferences dialog box. 2. Clear the Enable secure mode checkbox. 3.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition The Admin Authentication dialog appears. 4. Enter your Image Lab Administrator user name and password. 5. If you are set up on a Windows network server, type the name of the Windows domain in the Domain field. Note: The default is the domain on which the current Windows user is located, and this name will appear in the field. 6. Click OK to save your changes.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software A message appears stating that you must restart Image Lab for the new security settings to take effect. 7. Click OK. The application exits. Setting Security Preferences Here are three useful definitions used in these instructions.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition In the Domain to be used in authentication field, enter the name of your network domain. See To find the name of your network domain on page 198 for instructions on how to determine this name. Note: The default domain name that will appear in this field is the domain on which the current user is logged in. 2. Do not select the Use local groups for establishing user security levels checkbox.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software 3. Select the Use local groups for establishing user security levels checkbox. To set preferences so that only local users can run Image Lab: In the Domain used in authentication field, enter your local computer name. See To find the name of your local domain on page 197 for instructions on how to determine this name. Note: The default domain name that will appear in this field is the domain on which the current user is logged in.
Setting Up Image Lab Security Edition Renaming Security Groups To rename any of the four default Security Groups 1. From the main menu, select Security > Rename Security Groups. Note: This menu option is visible only if the person logged on to the local computer is logged on as a member of the Windows Administrators group. 2. Click in any of the four Group Name fields. 3. Enter a new name. 4. Click OK to save your changes.
4 | Setting Up the Instrument with Image Lab Software For information about setting up users and groups for Image Lab Security Edition, see Appendix C, Setting Up Users and Groups on page 195. Changing Security Preferences Changing the domain that is used to authenticate users is a two-step process. You first authenticate on the first domain, then authenticate on the second domain. This change in domains can be performed in either of two ways.
5 Image Lab Software Overview Image Lab™ image acquisition and analysis software works with the Gel Doc™ XR+ and ChemiDoc™ XRS+ imaging systems to create a reproducible, automated, and time-saving workflow for imaging and analyzing gels. In Image Lab, a protocol is any combination of imaging, analysis, and report settings that has been saved to run as a single workflow. Researchers can run one protocol repeatedly or easily design a wide range of protocols.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview Table 2 lists the extensions and icons for the type of files that Image Lab generates. Table 2. Image Lab file extensions and icons File type 56 File Extension Icon Unsigned Signed Protocols .ptl .sptl Images .scn .
Interface Overview Interface Overview The following illustration shows the Image Lab main window. This section explains the main software elements. Main Window Image Lab displays a single main window. All image and protocol dialog boxes that present choices open in the workspace, which is the gray area of the main window. If many screens are open in the workspace, you can make one active by clicking the title bar at the top of the selected screen.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview Main Toolbar Many Image Lab tools can be selected by clicking toolbar buttons. The Screenshot tool enables you to send a screen capture of your image to the clipboard or to save it as a file. You can view demonstrations of various functions by clicking Tutorials. The unlimited Undo and Redo buttons enable you to correct missteps easily.
Interface Overview Start Page The Start Page guides you through creating, opening, and viewing protocols and images. Analysis Tool Box The Auto-Analysis button quickly analyzes images. The remaining tools customize the analyzed data.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview An image file must be selected to make analysis tools available. Image Tools enables you to flip, rotate, and crop images and to transform the image files. Lane and Bands enables you to resize, adjust, and bend lanes and to detect, adjust, add, or delete bands. Normalization enables you to normalize volume data in multichannel images, so you can correct for sample loading errors in your gels.
Interface Overview MW Analysis Tools (Molecular Weight Analysis) enables you to choose standard samples, assign standard lanes, and choose a regression method. Quantity Tools enables you to automatically quantify bands, using either relative or absolute values. Annotation Tools enables you to add formatted text and arrows to any area of a gel. Volume Tools enables you to manually quantify an object inside a boundary that you define. These tools are described in Analysis Tool Box Tools on page 117.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview Menu Commands The following section describes all menu commands in the File, Edit, View, Window, and Help menus. Many commands are also available on the toolbar or the Start Page. File Menu Commands New Protocol enables you to create a new protocol that contains the necessary steps and choices. See Chapter 6, Acquiring Images for detailed instructions. Protocols can also be altered and stored for reuse.
Interface Overview Export for PulseNet — reduces the image to an 8-bit .tif file. Resolution is limited and file size is restricted to 300 dots per inch (dpi). Lane and Band Table to Excel — exports your lane and band table data to an Excel (or Numbers on a Mac) spreadsheet. Note: Excel or Numbers must be installed on your computer. Lane and Band Table to File — exports as a comma-separated values (CSV) file so that your lane and band table can be opened in a database application.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview Edit Menu Commands Undo undoes the last action. Redo restores the last action after an Undo. Screenshot enables you to take a screen shot of the Lane Profile Window, the Standard Curve Window, or the default choice, Current Image View. The screen shot can include the name of the image, and it can be placed on the clipboard or saved in a file. Default Imager enables users who own two or more imagers to switch between them.
Interface Overview The Protocol tab shows presets for naming image files. You can choose to include a designated Prefix, User Name, Date, and/or Time in the name of your image files. The Colors tab enables you to choose colors for the graphic elements in your gels, such as Lane Frame, Lane, Band, Band Attribute, and MW Legend. This functionality ensures that these elements are visible, regardless of the color of the gels.
5 | Image Lab Software Overview Security Menu Commands Note: This menu is only visible in Image Lab Security Edition. For more information about Security Edition, see Chapter 13, Using the Security Edition. Security Preferences allows the Image Lab Administrator to enable and disable secure mode. In this dialog box, the administrator chooses the domain to be used for authentication and whether to use local groups for security levels.
Interface Overview Imitate Transform changes the brightness and contrast of all open images to the same transform settings as the current image file. Next cycles through all open image files from oldest to newest. Previous cycles through all open image files from newest to oldest. Help Menu Commands Image Lab Help displays the help system. User Guide displays the instruction manual in .pdf form. About displays Image Lab software version and release date.
5 | 68 Image Lab Software Overview | Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ Systems with Image Lab Software
6 Acquiring Images Image Lab software runs specific applications with repeatable workflows using configurable protocols that have a wide variety of settings. These protocols can be retrieved, revised, and reused. In Image Lab, a protocol is any combination of settings for imaging, analyzing, and reporting that runs as a single workflow.
6 | Acquiring Images The Protocol Setup Window The left pane displays headings. Under the headings are numbered protocol steps. You can enable or disable a step by selecting or clearing its checkbox. When you select a step, the right pane of the window displays the detailed settings for that step.
Creating a Protocol You can review protocol settings by selecting Protocol Summary, which lists the settings for each step in the right pane of the Protocol Setup window.
6 | Acquiring Images Setting Up a New Protocol The following steps set up (or create) a protocol: 72 Step 1. Gel Imaging for Single-Channel Protocols Step 2. Detect Lanes and Bands Step 3. Analyze Molecular Weight Step 4.
Creating a Protocol Step 1. Gel Imaging for Single-Channel Protocols To take an image of the gel or blot, you need to configure the acquisition settings for the protocol. To configure the acquisition settings 1. In the right pane, click Select and choose an application from the menu. The detection reagents appear in submenus under each application type. When you choose an application and detection reagent, any required filter or illumination source displays in the Protocol Setup window.
6 | Acquiring Images Choose Custom to save and run an existing application with a new name or to create and run a new application. Previously saved custom applications display here. To create a custom application, see Setting Up a Custom Application on page 91. Tip: For a list of applications with all required detection reagents, light sources, and any conversion screens or filters noted, see Application Tables on page 94. Note: If you select the Stain Free option, you may select the gel activation time.
Creating a Protocol Manual Exposure — use this setting to manually override automated imaging. Exposure time can range from 0.001 to 7,200 seconds with the ChemiDoc MP imager. Exposure time can range from 0.001 to 99 seconds using the Gel Doc™ XR+ system and from 0.001 to 7,200 seconds for the ChemiDoc™ XRS+ system. After imaging a gel with automatic exposure optimization, the display provides a reference point from which to set your manual exposure time.
6 | Acquiring Images Rather than manually acquiring a series of independent images with different imaging times, SAM presents a cumulative series of images with progressively greater signal in each image. SAM is a partially automated method for image acquisition because it requires that you estimate the shortest and longest times expected to generate an image with the appropriate signal intensity. You then decide how many total images to acquire in this time frame.
Creating a Protocol Although SAM is useful for determining the optimum imaging time for a chemiluminescent sample, it results in data that are not as accurate as data from a single image. Signal that is near the intensity of background noise becomes increasingly masked as the number of cumulative images increases. To identify extremely faint signals in an image, reacquire it as a single image, using the time the SAM tool found to be appropriate. 4.
6 | Acquiring Images Step 2. Detect Lanes and Bands To analyze the gel or blot, Image Lab must detect lanes and bands on the image. Lanes are detected automatically, and then the background is subtracted automatically. Refer to Using the All Lanes and Single Lane Tools on page 122 for details. Customize band detection with the following options. To configure the lane and band detection settings 78 1. Select the Lane and Band Detection checkbox in the left pane of the Protocol Setup window. 2.
Creating a Protocol Custom — select a numeric value from 1 to 100 to choose the best detection sensitivity for your sample. Step 3. Analyze Molecular Weight Determining molecular weight depends on selecting the proper protein standards. Many protein standards are available from Bio-Rad and many different DNA standards are also available. See Appendix D, Accessories for all Bio-Rad standards and their catalog numbers. To specify how molecular weight is analyzed 1.
6 | Acquiring Images 3. 80 a. Click Change to display the Manage Standards dialog box. b. Use the Show dropdown list to show all, only the protein, or only the DNA standards. c. Choose the standard that you need and click OK to exit the dialog box. To create a new standard, click New in the Manage Standards dialog box and complete the fields in the Edit Standard dialog.
Creating a Protocol a. Enter a name for the new standard. b. Choose a standard type: protein or nucleic acid A protein standard can be expressed in either isoelectric point (pI) or molecular weight (kDa) units. A nucleic acid standard can be expressed in base pairs (bp), kilo base pairs (kb), or mega base pairs (Mb) units. c. Click Add to display the Edit dialog box. Note: At least two values must be added to create a new standard. 4. d.
6 | Acquiring Images Gradient gels — the linear (semilog) regression method works well for these gels because the mobility of the bands is linear to the log of their molecular weight. As an alternative, the point-to-point (semilog) method can be used if the R2 value is not sufficient. Fixed percentage gels — these gels have a nonlinear relationship between the gels’ mobility and their molecular weight. For these gels, choose the logistic or cubic spline regression method.
Creating a Protocol Automatically print a report Display the report Image Lab prints to the default printer unless you select otherwise. For information about customizing reporting options, see Report on page 151. Review Protocol Settings Click Protocol Summary in the left pane of any Protocol Setup window to see a quick review of all protocol settings.
6 | Acquiring Images Creating a Multichannel Image from Single Images You can create a multichannel image from existing single images or from single channels in other multichannel images. Only images with the same aspect ratio can be combined in a multichannel image. These images are not linked to one another. When you make a change to one image, it is not propagated to the other images. To create a multichannel image from single images 1.
Editing a Saved Protocol Editing a Saved Protocol You can change the protocol settings and rename the protocol using Image Lab tools. To edit a saved protocol 1. To open a saved protocol, you can: Click Open on the Start Page Click File > Open on the menu bar You can also choose a recently used protocol from the lists on the Start Page.
6 | Acquiring Images You see the same set of menus and choices described in Creating a Protocol on page 71. 86 2. To update an existing protocol, edit and then save your changes without renaming the protocol. 3. To create a new protocol: a. Edit the protocol. b. Choose File > Save As and type a different name.
Positioning the Gel Positioning the Gel To position a gel 1. Click the yellow Position Your Gel button in the Protocol Setup window. 2. Place a gel on the imager stage and view the gel in Image Lab. 3. Use the slider below the image to zoom the image into place. You can also move the gel manually until it is centered properly on the stage.
6 | Acquiring Images Running a Protocol To run a protocol Click Run Protocol in the left pane. The software runs through the steps in imaging mode and a progress indicator tracks the progress. Note: If you run a chemiluminescence application using autoexposure, you might see the following error message: The sample is too faint to use the autoexposure setting. Change the Image Exposure setting to use manual exposure or Signal Accumulation Mode (SAM), then run the protocol again.
Running Signal Accumulation Mode (SAM) Protocols Running Signal Accumulation Mode (SAM) Protocols You can interrupt the acquisition of images for a SAM-enabled protocol at any time by clicking Stop Acquire and Continue with Selected. The acquisition process stops and continues the protocol with the selected image. Any other images that were acquired are discarded. At the end of the acquisition process, a thumbnail of each image appears at the bottom of the window.
6 | Acquiring Images Saving Signal Accumulation Mode (SAM) Images You can save any individual image or all images at once by right-clicking on the image and selecting an option from the shortcut menu. To save a single SAM image 1. Right-click the thumbnail and click Save. 2. In the Save File dialog box, accept the default name for the file or enter another name. Click Save. To save all SAM images 1. Right-click any of the images and click Save All. 2.
Setting Up a Custom Application Setting Up a Custom Application Use the Manage Custom Application dialog box to save an existing application with a new name or to create an application unlike existing applications. To create a custom application 1. Select Custom on the Applications menu to display the Manage Custom Applications dialog box. If you have stored custom applications, they display here. 2. Click New.
6 | Acquiring Images The Create Custom Application dialog box appears. 92 3. Enter a unique application name. 4. Select a light source, filter, and image color from the lists. 5. Select a binning setting. Choosing a higher binning setting combines pixels to increase the amount of signal without increasing noise. While a higher setting provides optimal sensitivity for low-light applications such as chemiluminescence, it also reduces image resolution. 6. Click OK to create the custom application.
Regression Methods Regression Methods A regression method is used to calculate the molecular weight of the unknown bands. The software uses the relative front and molecular weight values of the standard bands to calculate the standard curve. This standard curve is then used to calculate the values of the unknown bands. The shape of the standard curve is based on the selected regression method. Choose one of the four regression methods listed in Table 3. Table 3.
6 | Acquiring Images Application Tables The following tables specify the light sources and conversion screens or filters you need for each type of gel or blot to be imaged. Table 4.
Application Tables Table 5.
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7 Viewing Images After a gel is imaged, the image appears in the workspace. Many controls are available to optimize viewing and to analyze the image. The following screen shot shows a gel image with band and lane detection as well as annotations. The labels are overlays that you can display or hide. There are many ways to view the data associated with the results. You can view data as an analysis table, a standard curve, and a report.
7 | Viewing Images Displaying Gel Images The display toolbar is located above the gel image. Each tool is described in the following sections. Display Gel Options This section describes the settings in the Display Gel Options dialog box. Annotations You can choose whether to show text and arrow annotations that have been drawn on the image. Lanes and Bands You can turn on or off any image overlays, such as lane frames, lanes, bands, lane labels, molecular weight legends, and band edges.
Displaying Gel Images Band Attributes You can show the following attributes for selected lanes or for all lanes. Band number Band label Molecular weight Relative front Volume Absolute Quantity Relative Quantity Band % Lane % Volumes If you drew volume boundaries on the gel, you can display the boundaries and their volume labels. Zoom Tools The zoom tools resize the gel image. Click the magnifying glass with the plus sign to make the image larger.
7 | Viewing Images Fit in Window If you zoomed in on an area of an image, this button brings the entire image back into view. Image Transform The Image Transform dialog box adjusts image brightness and contrast, optimizing the image display so faint details can be seen. The minimum to maximum range varies depending on the light and dark values present in the image. These adjustments do not change the data. They change only the way the data are displayed.
Displaying Gel Images The Low progress indicator determines which intensity value is shown at the minimum gray scale (or other color) in the gel image. The Gamma progress indicator changes the gray scale curve. A value of 1 is linear. A value <1 redistributes a greater proportion of the gray scale to the first half of the intensity values. A value >1 redistributes a greater proportion of the gray scale to the second half of the intensity values.
7 | Viewing Images Image Colors You can choose a color map for your image results file. Viewing the image with a different color scheme can make it easier to see all of the elements in the image, but it does not change your data. The first eight color choices imitate the colors of stained gels. The remaining choices supply enough color variation to highlight small differences in the image data.
Displaying Gel Images False color Spectrum Gold-Silver Pseudo 3-D Projection The 3-D view transforms the gel image into a solid three-dimensional model spinning in space with x, y, and z dimensions. Accentuate or diminish the relative heights of data points by pulling the slider at the bottom of the window to the right or left. To view the intensity of various bands 1. Select the 3-D button in the display toolbar. 2. Click and drag the model to rotate it into your preferred view. 3.
7 | Viewing Images Image Info The Image Info dialog box provides information about the active image. The dialog box has three tabs. Image Details — acquisition and image information appear in this tab. Analysis Settings — settings that were used when the gel was analyzed are displayed here. For example, Band Detection and Molecular Weight Analysis will appear if they were performed.
Displaying Data Analysis Table Options Numerical data associated with an analysis can be viewed in an analysis table. Data from the Lane and Band analysis can be viewed in the Lane and Band Table tab. If volume analysis was performed, these data can be viewed in the Volume Table tab. The buttons above the table provide options for displaying and exporting analysis table data.
7 | Viewing Images Definitions on page 108. Display — enables you to set the display for the analysis table. The following settings appear on the Display tab: Default display settings — The Move selected lane to top checkbox is selected by default. When you click a lane on the image, the Analysis table scrolls so that the data for the selected lane appears first in either the vertical or horizontal view of the table.
Displaying Data Copies the table data to the clipboard so that you can paste the data into word processing or presentation applications. Tip: It is best to use the vertical table orientation when copying to an 8.5 x 11-inch page, to give the columns enough room to display. Export Analysis Table to a File Exports the table data as a CSV file so you can open it in a database application.
7 | Viewing Images Band % — percentage of the band’s volume compared to all band volumes in the lane. Lane % — percentage of the band’s volume compared to the entire volume of the lane. Volume Measurement Definitions This section defines the measurements that display in the Volume tab in the Analysis table. Use the Display Data Options button to choose the columns to display. Volume Number — a unique number is assigned to each volume.
Displaying Data Area — area of the volume in mm2. Lane Profile Background Band boundaries The Lane Profile option shows a cross-section view of a single lane rotated 90°. To explore the Lane Profile window Use the Next and Previous buttons at the top of the window to page through profiles of the lanes in your image. Click on a lane in your image to see its profile. The title bar identifies which lane profile is in view (Lane 1, Lane 2, and so on). There are several settings in the title bar.
7 | Viewing Images The zoom tools work the same way they work elsewhere in the software. For more information, see Zoom Tools on page 99. In addition to the graph of the lane intensities, the Lane Profile tool also shows an image of the selected lane below the graph. The transform and color map are applied to the gray-scale image.
Displaying Data Relative Front Volume Absolute Quantity (Abs. Quant.) Relative Quantity (Rel. Quant.) Band % Lane % Adjusting Band Boundaries Below the profile of each lane there is a strip that displays the bands. Each band is surrounded by a pair of vertical lines delimiting its boundaries. You can move the vertical lines and change these boundaries. To change the boundaries of a band 1. Hold your cursor over one of the boundary lines until a double arrow appears. 2.
7 | Viewing Images Standard Curve The Standard Curve dialog box displays the best curve fit for the defined standards and the bands relative to this curve for the lane selected in the image. The tabs at the bottom of the dialog box display the standard curves for three different analyses. Standards appear in green. Unknown bands appear in red. You can toggle the molecular weight display on the y-axis between linear and log scale by clicking the Log y-axis box at the upper left.
Displaying Data Report See Generating Reports on page 151, for information about reports.
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8 Analyzing Images Analysis Tool Box tools are enabled when an image file is opened and in focus. An active or “in focus” window has a darker blue menu bar on a Windows PC. On a Macintosh, the window control icons display more brightly when a window is active. This distinction helps you to identify the active window among many open image files in your workspace. Using Auto Analysis Auto analysis detects the lanes and bands and, optionally, calculates the molecular weight of the bands in your image.
8 | Analyzing Images Auto Detection Settings The band detection sensitivity options are as follows: Low Band Detection Sensitivity — sets detection at a low level for images with prominent bands. Faint bands are not detected with this setting. High Band Detection Sensitivity — sets detection at a higher level for images that are faint. Extraneous bands can be removed using the Band Tools in the Analysis Tool Box. See Lane and Bands Tools on page 121.
Analysis Tool Box Tools Regression Method — four regression methods are available. For more information, see Regression Calculation Methods on page 229. Analysis Tool Box Tools All Analysis Tool Box tools customize the analyzed data in image files. These tools are available only when an image file is open. Click a specific image to select among the many windows that might be open in your workspace. Note: Some tools delete the existing analysis. To access a tool Click any of the toolbox buttons.
8 | Analyzing Images Image Tools The image tools enable you to manipulate your images. To display the image tools menu Click Image Tools. Flip — you can flip the gel image horizontally or vertically. Rotate — you can rotate the gel image 90° using the Left or Right buttons. Or you can set a custom rotation using the Custom button. Crop — you can trim the outer edges of your image to any shape or area. Invert Data — you can toggle the image data from positive to negative.
Image Tools Correcting a Slanted Gel To correct a slanted gel 1. In the Rotate section, click Custom. Red arrows appear over the gel image. 2. Rotate the red arrows to any degree between 0 and 360 by dragging them. 3. Right-click the gel image and click Rotate to set your gel in the new position. Click Cancel if you do not want to set the rotation. Cropping a Gel Image You can save crop settings and use them to crop other images.
8 | Analyzing Images To delete crop settings 1. With an image open, click Crop. 2. Right-click the image inside the red box to open the Crop menu and click Delete Crop Settings. 3. Select the crop settings in the dialog box that appears and click Delete. Inverting Data Use this button to change the image data from positive to negative. Invert Data is used for negative stains and zymograms. Intensity values of bands must be greater than background to perform analysis on the gel.
Lane and Bands Tools Lane and Bands Tools The Lane and Bands tools enable you to identify the lanes and bands in your images. To open the Lane and Bands tool In the Analysis Tool Box, click Lane and Bands, then select the tab for the Lanes or the Bands tool.
8 | Analyzing Images Detecting Lanes To detect the lanes in the image, do one of the following: Click Automatic if the gel image is fairly typical. Click Manual to detect a specific number of lanes or if automatic lane detection did not find all the lanes. Using the All Lanes and Single Lane Tools To use the All Lanes and Single Lane tools Click the lane tool first, then click the lane to which you want to apply the change.
Lane and Bands Tools Width — changes the width of all lanes at the same time. Click Width and then drag one of the anchor points on any lane to change the width of all lanes. Tip: You can use the plus key (+) on your keyboard to increase the lane width, and the minus key (-) to decrease the width. You can also change the lane width by specifying the size of the lanes. Click Width, enter a number (in mm) in the box, and click Apply.
8 | Analyzing Images Bend — bends a lane to better fit the gel image. Click Bend, then drag square anchor points to fit the lane to the image. Note: To add anchor points, left-click within the lane. Drag these anchor points to adjust the lane to fit the gel image. To remove an anchor point, right-click on it. Move — moves a lane to a new position on a gel image. Click Move, then click the lane you want to move. Drag it to a new location. The lanes are renumbered according to their new positions.
Lane and Bands Tools A disk radius that is too large will result in poor background removal. A disk radius that is too small might subtract actual data. For most samples, a size of <10 mm is usually appropriate. You can perform this task several times until you are satisfied with the amount of background removed. Use the Lane Profile tool to evaluate the appropriate disk size for background subtraction.
8 | Analyzing Images Detecting Bands Bands are detected for individual images. To detect bands in the image 126 | Click Detect Bands to open the Band Detection dialog box. Select band detection sensitivity and the lanes to which it applies.
Lane and Bands Tools Displaying Advanced Detection Options You can also select Display Advanced Options to set specific parameters for band detection. When initially expanded, the values in Advanced Options are set in relation to the band detection sensitivity that you select in Detection Settings. You can set specific parameters for the sensitivity level and apply the parameters to all lanes or to a specific lane.
8 | Analyzing Images Advanced Detection Options Sensitivity — determines the minimum optical density that will be defined as a band. The higher the sensitivity value, the lower the minimum signal intensity, therefore the more bands will be detected. If the sensitivity is set too high, background staining might be detected as bands. If the setting is too low, bands of interest might not be detected. The default sensitivity setting is 10.0.
Lane and Bands Tools Shoulder — band detection tries to distinguish shoulders as separate bands. When looking at a lane trace, these bands appear as flat or gently sloping abutments to darker, better-defined bands (that is, there is no dip on the trace between the two bands). Increasing the shoulder sensitivity results in more shoulders being detected as bands. Changing this setting to zero results in no shoulders being recognized as separate bands.
8 | Analyzing Images Delete — deletes a band from a lane. Use this feature to remove bands that are not relevant to your analysis. Click Delete, and then click on the band you want to remove. Adjust — adjusts the height of a band. Click Adjust. Boundary lines appear on either side of each band. Move the cursor over a boundary line until you see a double-headed arrow. Move the boundary line up or down. The center is recalculated and the band appears there.
Molecular Weight (MW) Analysis Tools Molecular Weight (MW) Analysis Tools Molecular Weight Analysis tools enable you to determine molecular weight (or base pairs, if using nucleic acid gels) by comparing a test sample with known standards. Note: Before you can use the Molecular Weight Analysis tools, you must detect the lanes and bands in your image. You can view each band’s molecular weight in the molecular weight column of the Lane and Band tab in the Analysis Table.
8 | Analyzing Images Molecular Weight Standard You can change the standards to ones that are relevant to your samples. To change standards 132 | Click Change to access the Manage Standards dialog box. Choose another standard or add your own standards.
Molecular Weight (MW) Analysis Tools Standard Lanes Standard samples are placed in the first and last lanes by default. You can specify other standard lanes by selecting the box below each lane or by entering the standard lane numbers separated by commas in the MW Analysis Tools dialog box. In the Lane and Bands view, Std appears below the lanes, identifying them as standard lanes. In the Molecular Weight Analysis view, these lanes are indicated with a check mark below the lane.
8 | Analyzing Images The values for the molecular weight in any standard lane appear in bold. In this example, the values for the first lane are in bold. (Lanes 16 and 17 are not included in the screen shot, but their values would also be in bold.) The molecular weight of the bands in the remaining lanes is calculated relative to these standards.
Quantity Tools Regression Methods There are four regression methods. Linear (semilog) Point-to-point (semilog) Logistic Cubic spline See Regression Calculation Methods on page 229. Quantity Tools You can quantify bands in test samples automatically using either the Relative or Absolute tab under Quantity Tools. Relative Quantity Tab To compare the relative quantities of bands 1. Select the Relative tab. 2. Click Select.
8 | Analyzing Images 3. Click the band you want to use as a reference. A small R appears near the band you selected. To review the relative quantities of bands Go to the Rel. Quant. column of the Analysis table (Lane and Band tab). The relative quantity is the ratio of the band volume divided by the reference band volume. All other bands now display numerical values that are relative to the reference band. If the reference band value is 1.00, values higher than 1.
Quantity Tools Absolute Quantity Tab Absolute quantification is used to quantify bands based on known standard bands using a calibration curve. To calculate the absolute quantities of the bands 1. Select the Absolute tab. 2. Click Select. 3. Select at least two standard (known) bands and assign quantity values. Small A’s appear (shown below circled in red) near the bands you selected.
8 | Analyzing Images The values display in the Standard Bands table. The greater the number of known bands and the wider the range of their values, the more accurate the absolute quantity calculation of the unknown bands will be. Note: Any standard band selection can be deleted. To do so, select the entry in the Standard Bands field and then click Delete. 4. Select a unit of measure from the Units dropdown list. 5. Select a regression method from the dropdown list.
Quantity Tools Linear — generates a straight line that is the best fit of the values you provided and is preferred in most cases. Point-to-point — generates a curve in which each data point is connected directly to the next, regardless of the shape of the resulting curve. Cubic spline — generates a smooth curve that connects each data point. At least four standard points are required to use this method of least-squares polynomial fits. Table 10.
8 | Analyzing Images The calibration curve displays. Standards are represented by green triangles. Unknown values are represented by red triangles. Note: Selecting the Force Through Origin checkbox always starts the standard curve graph at 0,0, regardless of the best curve fit. Note: Clicking the Standard Curve table generates a crosshair tool that displays the numerical values associated with the placement of the cursor in the graph.
Annotation Tools Annotation Tools You can annotate results with text and arrows to emphasize areas of interest.
8 | Analyzing Images Add Annotations Text — enables you to add text annotations to images to emphasize important details. Click Text, then click an area on the image where you want to insert your comment. A box appears with a dotted-line border. Type your comment in the box. Tip: To add a new line to the box, place your cursor where you want the break and press Shift+Enter. To move the box Click and drag the box to change its position.
Annotation Tools Text Properties You can change the type size and font of your text annotations. Font — click the box you want to change. Open the dropdown Font menu to show all fonts installed on your system. Select a new font for the text annotation. Size — click the box whose font you want to resize. Open the dropdown Size list to increase or decrease the size of the text. You can set the font size from 6 to 72 points using the dropdown list.
8 | Analyzing Images Volume Tools Volume tools enable you to manually quantify features on a sample image when automated lane and band analysis is not appropriate or possible, such as in dot blots. You can use Volume tools to quantify the signal intensity of bands, spots, arrays, and other image data. Define an area of interest by surrounding it with a shape. You can choose a rectangle, circle, freehand, or lane shape by clicking the appropriate button under the Volumes field.
Volume Tools A default label appears within the shape drawn. The volume label is assigned a sequential number and can be one of three types: U — unknown Std — standard B — background Each new volume you create initially has a red border, which indicates that the volume is selected. When you click elsewhere on the image, the border changes to blue, indicating that the volume is no longer selected. Note: Double-click a volume area to change its properties.
8 | Analyzing Images Volume Types You can define the volume type (unknown, standard, or background), the quantity of standard volumes, or enter a custom name to replace the default label. Unknown volumes are volumes you want to quantify. Standard volumes are used for absolute quantities. See Absolute Volume Quantity on page 148. Background volumes are used to remove the background from the calculation.
Volume Tools Volume Background Subtraction When you draw a volume, some nondata background pixels might be included inside the volume. These background pixels usually have an intensity value that you do not want to include in your volume quantification. There are two methods of calculating this background intensity for your volumes: local and global. Local — local background subtraction calculates a separate background intensity for each unknown and standard volume you create.
8 | Analyzing Images If you create more than one background volume, all the pixels in those background volumes are used to calculate the average background. Your background volume(s) will have default names B1, B2, and so on based on the sequence in which they were created. If the region you defined as background has a higher average intensity value than your data object, you obtain a negative value for your adjusted volume in the analysis table.
Volume Tools Standard volumes will have the default names S1, S2, and so on, based on the sequence of their creation. To review the regression curve Open the Standard Curve window and select the Volume Standard Curve tab. Regression Methods Three regression methods are available to generate the volume quantification curve used for absolute quantity: linear, point-to-point, and cubic spline.
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9 Generating Reports After viewing results, you can generate a report that displays the analyzed gel images, all of the settings used in the protocol, and as much information about the data as you want to include. You can choose print settings within the Report Settings dialog box in the Edit menu or by clicking Report in the main toolbar. Report To produce a preview of your report Click Report on the toolbar. Use the following dialog boxes to customize the content in your reports.
9 | Generating Reports Report Settings Use this dialog box to customize the content of your report. General Tab The General tab includes the following settings: Include Gel Image — specify whether the image is included in the report.
Report When you select this checkbox, both the annotated image (if available) and unannotated images are printed in the report. The unannotated image precedes the annotated image in the report. Note: If you disable the other checkboxes in the Include Gel Image group, the Include Unannotated Image checkbox is automatically disabled. Image Info — specify what information is included in the report.
9 | Generating Reports Lane and Band Table Tab The Lane and Band Table tab includes the following settings: 154 | Include Lane and Band Table — specify whether to include the Lane and Band table in the report. Lanes to show — specify which lanes to display in the report. Show Lane Profile — specify whether to display the Lane Profile view.
Report Volume Table Tab The Volume Table tab includes the following settings: Include Volume Table — clear to exclude this information from your report. Not Displayed/Displayed — remove columns that you do not want to display in the report. By default, the report displays all columns from the Volume table. Print Report Click the Print Report button to print your report. Print Report to a PDF File The Print Report to .
9 | Generating Reports Adjust the Printer Settings The Printer Settings button accesses options for paper size, orientation, and page margins.
10 Exporting Results The most convenient way to archive complete information about experiments is to produce reports. However, you might want to export only gel images or analysis table data for analysis in different programs, such as Quantity One, FPQuest™, or InfoQuest™FP software. Or you might need exported files for presentation or publication. Exporting Gel Images Image Lab™ software includes features for exporting gel images several ways.
10 | Exporting Results The options to export gel images are available using the Export option in the File Menu. Exporting Gel Images for Publication Use this format only to export visual information to presentation or word processing software, such as PowerPoint or Word. To export a displayed image to a file Select File > Export > Export for Publication. Note: You can select from .bmp, .png, .jpg, and .tif formats. The gel displays with any lanes, bands, and annotations that appear on the screen.
Exporting Gel Images In this dialog box you can: Select the entire image or the current view Select the resolution or specify a custom resolution Specify the publishing dimensions View the resulting published image size and dimensions User Guide | 159
10 | Exporting Results You can zoom in on an area in a current view and export only that area, or you can export the entire image. You can exclude annotations or overlays by clicking Display Gel Options on the toolbar to access the appropriate settings. Exporting Gel Images for Analysis To export an image for analysis Select File > Export > Export for Analysis. This exports the raw data only as a 16-bit .tif file. Note: 16-bit .tif images are not compatible with all image viewers.
Exporting Gel Images Image Lab reduces the image to an 8-bit .tif image file. Resolution is limited and file size is restricted to 300 Kb. Exporting Lane and Band Tables to Excel If you have Excel (or Numbers on a Mac) installed on your computer, you can export the data to the spreadsheet application. To export the data to Excel (or Numbers) Select File > Export > Lane and Band Table to Excel. This opens a table directly in the spreadsheet program.
10 | Exporting Results Copy Analysis Table to the Clipboard Copies the analysis table to the clipboard and then pastes the analysis table into word processing or presentation applications. It is best to use the vertical table orientation when copying to an 8.5 x 11-inch page to accommodate the columns. Export Analysis Table to a File Exports an analysis table as a CSV file, so your data file can be opened in a database application.
11 System Calibration When your imager is installed, instrument calibration is performed with a calibration wizard. See the installation guide for your imager in your Image Lab™ upgrade kit for detailed instructions. The instrument calibration wizard performs several procedures required to automate the system and prevent focus problems.
11 | System Calibration Recalibrating Your Imager When you add light sources or filters to a Gel Doc XR+ or ChemiDoc™ XRS+ imager, recalibrate your imager using the Instrument Setup dialog box. To recalibrate your imager 1. In Image Lab, click Edit > Instrument Setup to open the Instrument Setup dialog box. If you are adding a new light conversion screen (refer to UV/White Light Conversion Screen on page 211), select the appropriate box in the Illumination Options field.
Recalibrating Your Imager 2. The software prompts you to restart the calibrations needed for the new illumination sources. 3. Click OK to exit the dialog box. Your settings persist until you make further changes. Note: If the Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ systems are used to conduct quantitation with Bio-Rad’s stain-free gel technology, Bio-Rad recommends performing the flat field calibration with the orange fluorescence reference plate (catalog # 170-8008) after installing Image Lab 5.1.
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12 Image Lab Logs Image Lab Logs Image Lab™ software provides three types of logs. Instrument log — records events related to the instrument, including calibrating the instrument and the success or failure of the calibration. This log file is visible only if the computer running Image Lab is connected to an instrument. System log — records events related to running Image Lab, including enabling or disabling of secure mode and the users who log on to or log off of Image Lab.
12 | Image Lab Logs Viewing the Instrument Log Instrument operations that you perform with Image Lab are recorded in the instrument log. To open the Instrument Log Viewer From the View menu, click the log for your instrument. The menu displays the specific instrument to which you are connected. The GS-900™ densitometer is shown as an example, above. Note: You can view an instrument log only if Image Lab is connected to the specified instrument. The instrument log includes the following information.
Image Lab Logs Viewing the System Log Events related to running Image Lab, including enabling or disabling of secure mode and users logging on to or logging off from Image Lab, are recorded in the system log. To open the System Log Viewer From the View menu, click View System Log.
12 | Image Lab Logs Viewing the Document Log The View menu displays a list of logs for each open document. The document log captures information about creating and editing the Image Lab protocol and image files. Note: Document logs are viewable only in Image Lab Security Edition, and only on Windows-based computers. Document logs are not viewable on the Mac.
Image Lab Logs To open the Document Log Viewer From the View menu, click the document log that you want to view. A typical document log is shown below. Displaying Log Data The display toolbar is located above the log.
12 | Image Lab Logs To display or hide columns 1. From the View menu, open the log file. 2. Click the Display log viewer options icon. 3. In the Display Column Options dialog box, use the arrow keys to move columns between the Not Displayed and Displayed lists. 4. Click OK.
Image Lab Logs Setting filters in logs To filter the entries of a column 1. In the log, click the heading of the column that you want to filter. The Display Filter options icon in the Actions tool bar is enabled. (By default, the log opens with all event types displayed.) Note: The Display Filter options icon is enabled only when you click on a column that can be filtered. The Display Filter options icon remains disabled if you click a column that cannot be filtered. 2.
12 | Image Lab Logs Removing filters in logs The Remove all filters icon is enabled only after you set a filter on a column. This icon clears all filters on all columns. Each filterable column has a Remove filters icon as well. This icon removes the filter for that column only. Collapsing or Expanding Data Rows You can expand the size of rows in any log to display the full content of the row, or you can collapse the row size to display more rows in the table.
Image Lab Logs To display the full content of a row Click the Collapse or expand rows icon to expand the row height. The row adjusts to fit the text of the longest entry. This action expands all rows in the log where an entry is longer than the width of the column. Rows that do not need to wrap are not affected. To display more rows in the table Click the Collapse or expand rows icon to collapse the row height to the default height setting.
12 | Image Lab Logs To export a log file 1. From the View menu, click the log you want to view and export. 2. Click one of the icons to export the data in one of the supported formats. Copy log entries to clipboard Export log entries to File Export log entries to Excel Printing Logs Log data can be sent to a printer or saved to a PDF file. To print a log 176 | 1. From the View menu, click the log you want to view and print. 2. In the log viewer, click Print log.
Image Lab Logs The Log Print Preview window displays the contents of the log file. From the Log Print Preview window, you can: Click Print log to print the log to a printer. Click Print log to PDF to save the log to a PDF file. Click Adjust printer settings to prepare the file for printing.
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13 Using the Security Edition 21 CFR Part 11 Image Lab™ Security Edition is a module within the Bio-Rad Image Lab software that assists users in meeting the Food and Drug Administration’s regulations on good lab practices in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The Security Edition enables system administrators to ensure that Image Lab operates in compliance with Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 11 within a closed system.
13 | Using the Security Edition Standard Mode versus Secure Mode Image Lab Security Edition can be run in either of the following modes: Standard Mode — in this mode, there are no restrictions on controlling the instrument, operating the software, or changing the documents. Secure Mode — in this mode, in addition to the features available in standard mode, extensive security features are enabled, including document signing and log creation.
User Names, Groups, and Roles There are four default roles in Image Lab Security Edition. Each role is associated with one of the four default Image Lab user groups, and each user is assigned a role that provides the user access to specific features in the software. Table 11 lists the default Image Lab Security Edition user groups and the corresponding roles. It also provides a brief description of the permissions for each role.
13 | Using the Security Edition Role Restrictions Your role determines which features of the security edition you have permission to use. If you attempt to perform an action that is not permitted for a user in your role, you will see an error message. In some instances the user’s role determines which Security Edition features are visible and/or enabled. Therefore, you might not see all of the features described in this chapter.
Starting Image Lab Security Edition Starting Image Lab Security Edition When secure mode is enabled, you are prompted to log on when you start the Image Lab application. To start Image Lab in secure mode 1. Click the Image Lab icon to start the application. 2. In the Log on to Image Lab dialog box, enter your user name and password. 3. Click OK. Note: If you have any questions or problems logging on, see your system administrator.
13 | Using the Security Edition Unsecured Documents Protocol and image files created in standard mode or created with previous versions of Image Lab are unsigned, unsecure documents. Unsecure documents remain unsecure. When you open these files in secure mode, you can make changes to these files and save them without restrictions. A document log is generated for changes to these files, but the log is not viewable in standard mode. You must log in to secure mode to see the log.
Electronic Records Documents created in secure mode can be signed at any time. When a secure document is signed, it is saved as read-only. Image Lab cannot overwrite the document. You can open signed documents and sign them again. The newly signed file is saved as a second revision, and the new signatures are captured in the document log. Note: Image Lab can never overwrite any signed file. You can open secure documents in standard mode of Image Lab.
13 | Using the Security Edition Signing Documents To sign a document 1. Select the protocol or results file. 2. From the Security menu, click Sign Document. The Signing Document dialog box appears. 3. Enter the user name and password of a user authorized to sign documents. Note: The user name and password can be for a user other than the current user. 4. Enter a reason for signing the document. Typical reasons include review, approval, responsibility, or authorship.
Document Logs 6. Enter a new name for the file and click Save. Note: Signed protocols are saved with an .sptl extension, signed images are saved with an .sscn extension. Document Logs Any changes made or actions performed on a protocol or image file generate a document log documenting each change or action. This log is created as soon as the protocol or scan file is created. Protocols are updated when the protocol is saved or run.
13 | Using the Security Edition Viewing the Document Log The View menu displays a list of logs for each open document. The document log captures information about creating and editing Image Lab protocol and image files. You can view the document log for any open file. This file can be a previously saved file, or it can be a newly created protocol or image file that is open on your desktop but which has not yet been saved. If the document was previously saved, the log is identified with this name.
A Maintenance This chapter includes instructions for maintaining the universal hood in proper working condition by replacing parts. UV Transilluminator Lamp and Starter Replacement Note: Keep the UV filter surface clean from the chemical agents used as gel dyes. Use protective gloves when touching the UV transilluminator cover. Depending on usage, the UV bulbs and starters last for many years. Replace bulbs when you notice them flickering.
A | Maintenance 5. Place it on a nonabrasive surface so that the glass does not get scratched or damaged. Note: Do not put the UV cover directly on the bench. Wear gloves when touching the lamps. 6. Rotate the lamp until it becomes loose and the pins come to a vertical position. 7. Remove the lamp. Install the new lamp by rotating it so that the pins are horizontal and the lamp is tight. 8. Remove the starter by rotating it counterclockwise and then pulling it out. 9.
Epi-Illumination Lamp Replacement Epi-Illumination Lamp Replacement The lamps are located behind two cover panels on the left and right sides of the universal hood’s interior. To replace the lamps 1. Turn system power off and remove the power cord. 2. Open the enclosure door. 3. Locate the epi-white light housing inside the hood and the screw on the center of the housing cover. 4. Use a socket wrench to remove the screw. 5.
A | Maintenance Fuse Replacement Caution: Always unplug the instrument before changing or checking the fuses. Power outlet Fuse holder This unit is protected by two fuses (5 x 20 mm, 2A Slo-Blo). The fuses are located in the left side rear of the universal hood, in a fuse holder housed in the power entry module. To replace the fuses 192 | 1. Unplug the main power cable from the power outlet. 2. Use a screwdriver as a lever on the fuse holder to extract the fuse. 3.
B Troubleshooting Follow these suggestions to troubleshoot your system. Problem Possible Cause Solution Camera does not respond/camera not found Power to the camera may be turned off. Turn on the power to the camera. The camera cables may not be seated properly. Make sure that all cables are connected as shown in the Installation Guide. The software driver for the camera is missing. If the camera driver is not present, reload the camera driver from the Image Lab™ software CD.
B | Troubleshooting Problem Possible Cause Solution Printout does not look like the monitor image The monitor settings are wrong. See your monitor manual for the appropriate settings. The printer settings are wrong. See your printer manual for the appropriate settings. Light leakage into the darkroom The lens body is not seated properly against the gasket on the hood’s adapter plate.
C Setting Up Users and Groups Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups This appendix explains how to set up users and groups to run Image Lab™ Security Edition software in secure mode. Note: This task requires System Administrator privileges on the client computers (and possibly their domain) on which Image Lab is installed.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups User Authentication In the user authentication process, Image Lab matches (authenticates) a user name with permissions assigned to that user name on the authentication domain. That domain can reside on your local computer (a local domain) or on a network server (a network domain). You set the location of this domain in the Domain to be used for authentication field of the Security Preferences dialog box.
Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups This checkbox specifies whether valid users and groups are defined on (1) the local Image Lab computer, or (2) on the network domain. If this checkbox is selected, only users and groups that are defined on the local computer (on which Image Lab is installed) are recognized. If this checkbox is not selected, only users and groups that are defined on the network domain are recognized.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups To find the name of your network domain 1. From your Start menu, open the Control Panel. 2. Click System. The System window appears. In the Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings section, the name of your network domain is shown as Domain. Configuring Users and Groups on a Local Computer To set up users and groups on a local computer 198 | 1. In the Windows Control Panel, select Administrative Tools. 2. Select Computer Management. 3.
Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups To create a new user on a local computer 1. Click on the Users folder to open it and select Action > New User. Alternatively, use the right-click context menu. The New User dialog box appears. 2. Fill out all the fields: User name — the user name must be unique. Full name — the full name must be unique. Bio-Rad recommends using the user’s actual full name, as this name will be shown in the document log and all the log reports.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups password before using Image Lab Security Edition. Otherwise, Security Edition will not recognize the user. To create a new group on a local computer 1. In the Computer Management window, click on the Groups folder to open it and select Action > New Group. Alternatively, use the right-click context menu. The New Group dialog box appears. 2.
Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups 2. Click Advanced to expand the dialog box. 3. In the expanded dialog box, click Find Now to populate the bottom field with all the users on the local computer. 4. Click a user name in the list to select it, or press the Ctrl key and click multiple users to select them. 5. When you have selected all the users to add to the group, click OK, and click OK again to close the Select Users dialog box. 6.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups Configuring Users and Groups on a Network Domain Note: The network administrator must know how users and groups are set up using the Windows server software at your site. The following example is used to illustrate the choices. To locate the users and groups on a Windows server Open Administrative Tools and select Active Directory. Note that in the Active Directory window, the Users folder lists groups as well. To create a new user on a Windows server 1.
Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups 2. Fill out all the fields: User name — The user name must be unique. Full name — The full name must be unique. Bio-Rad recommends using the user’s actual full name, as this name will be shown in the document log and all the log reports. This is a requirement of 21 CFR 11.50a. Description — This field must also be filled out. Bio-Rad recommends that you enter the user’s title as the description. Password — Enter and confirm a password for the user.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups To create a new group on a Windows server 1. With the Users folder open, select Action > New Group. Alternatively, you can use the right-click menu. You see the New Object - Group dialog box. 2. In the Group name field, enter one of the group names specified in Table 11 on page 181 (TDS_Administrator, TDS_User, TDS_Tech, TDS_Guest). Type the name exactly as specified. You can also enter a description for the group in the Description field.
Setting Up Image Lab Users and Groups 2. Click Advanced to expand the dialog box. 3. In the expanded dialog box, click Find Now to populate the bottom field with all the users. 4. Click a user name in the list to select it, or press the Ctrl key and click multiple users to select them. 5. When you have selected all the users to add to the group, click OK, and click OK again to close the Select Users dialog box. 6.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups Password Security 21 CFR 11.300 (b) requires that passwords be “periodically checked, recalled, or revised.” Password policies are therefore recommended, although the password duration and rules are up to the system administrator and the organization. For instance, the exact duration between password changes is flexible. To set password policies on a local computer 1. Open the Control Panel and select Administrative Tools > Local Security Policy. 2.
Password Security 3. 4. To change password policy settings: a. Right-click the policy and select Properties to open its properties dialog box. b. Modify the default setting to meet your company policy. c. Click Apply. d. Click OK to close the Properties dialog box. Close the Local Security Policy window. To set password policies in Active Directory 1. Open the Control Panel and select Administrative Tools > Domain Controller Security Policy. 2.
C | Setting Up Users and Groups Password Policy Setting Examples The following examples are only suggestions. Your organization needs to establish its own password policy.
Miscellaneous Security Measures 3. In the section When maximum event log size is reached: select Do not overwrite events (Clear logs manually). 4. Increase the maximum size of the event log to cover any possible messages. The smaller the maximum size of the event log, the more often the system administrator must manually view, archive, and clear the system log. Auditing information generated by the operating system is recorded in the Security Log.
C | 210 Setting Up Users and Groups | Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ Systems with Image Lab Software
D Accessories Calibrating Accessories If you are installing accessories along with your original system installation, calibrate your system with a one-time Instrument Calibration wizard. Complete instructions are in the installation guide that arrives with your imager. If you acquire new conversion screens, light sources, or filters after your original system installation, you will have to recalibrate your imager to use them.
D | Accessories XcitaBlue™ Conversion Screen The optional XcitaBlue conversion screen kit (catalog #170-8182) converts UV to blue light, which enables you to visualize DNA samples while protecting them against UV damage.
Installing Optional Accessories The XcitaBlue conversion screen is held in place by adhesive-backed edge guides. After the edge guides are installed, the conversion screen remains centered and will not slide, even if you close the drawer rapidly. Adhesive-backed edge guide Transilluminator drawer front Transilluminator border edge To install the XcitaBlue conversion screen 1. Perform a trial placement first, without removing the paper tape.
D | Accessories Gel Alignment Template Kit The Bio-Rad gel alignment template kit (catalog #170-8184) allows four sizes of standard agarose gels to be centered quickly and easily and ensures the consistent placement of each gel.
Installing Optional Accessories To install and use the gel alignment template kit 1. Place the locator frame over the transilluminator with the magnetic side down. Match the corners of the magnetic locator frame with the edges of the transilluminator. The UV symbol on the frame will be in the same orientation as the UV symbol on the imager. 2. Place the gel alignment template that matches the size of your sample tray or agarose gel into the magnetic locator frame. 3.
D | Accessories 4. Place the white light transilluminator on top of the UV transilluminator. Your system must be calibrated to use the white light transilluminator. To calibrate the system to use the white light transilluminator Choose Edit > Instrument Setup and select the appropriate checkbox in the dialog box. The Image Lab™ software will guide you through the calibration.
Installing Optional Accessories Krypton Qdot 625 The orange fluorescence reference plate (catalog #170-8008) can be used with several of the Bio-Rad® Molecular Imager® series of products, including: Gel Doc™ XR+ imaging system with Image Lab™ software ChemiDoc™ XRS+ imaging system with Image Lab software ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system with Quantity One® software When you order the reference plate, you receive: Orange fluorescence reference plate, overall dimensions: 29.5 x 29.
D | Accessories Calibrating the Imager to Use the Orange Fluorescence Reference Plate Your imager must be calibrated to use the orange fluorescence reference plate. To calibrate the imager to use the orange fluorescence reference plate Choose Edit > Instrument Setup and select the appropriate checkbox in the dialog box. Image Lab software guides you through the calibration.
Ordering Information Catalog # Description 170-8265 ChemiDoc XRS+ with Image Lab software system for PC/Mac Installation Kits 170-8199 Image Lab™ Upgrade for Gel Doc XR+ System 170-8299 Image Lab Upgrade for ChemiDoc XRS+System Image Lab Software 170-9690 Image Lab software, Windows/Mac Optional Filters 170-8074 Filter, 520DF30, GFP 170-8075 Filter, 560DF50, Cy3/rhodamine 170-8076 Filter, 630BP30, SYPRO Ruby Optional Accessories 170-8289 UV/White light conversion screen (UV to white light)
D | Accessories Catalog # Description 170-8081 Standard emission filter replacement, 62 mm 100-1370 UV bulb starter, quantity 3 800-0142 Multicolor target Lamps 100-2827 Lamp, epi-illumination, 5 W 170-8097 302 nm lamp kit, (6 lamps) 170-6887 365 nm lamp kit, (6 lamps) Fuses 900-8935 Fuse T 2 A, 250 V, quantity 10 190-0234 Fuse T 4 A, 250 V, quantity 2 Optional Analysis Software 170-9600 Quantity One software Protein Standards 220 | 161-0363 Precision Plus Protein™ Unstained Standar
Ordering Information Catalog # Description Nucleic Acid Standards 170-8351 EZ Load™ 20 base pairs molecular ruler 170-8352 EZ Load 100 base pairs molecular ruler 170-8353 EZ Load 100 base pairs PCR molecular ruler 170-8354 EZ Load 500 base pairs molecular ruler 170-8355 EZ Load 1 kb molecular ruler 170-8205 2.
D | Accessories 222 | Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ Systems with Image Lab Software
E Using Bio-Rad’s Stain-Free Technology Bio-Rad’s stain-free gels eliminate the time-consuming staining and destaining steps required by other protein detection methods. Stain-free gels include unique trihalo compounds that allow rapid fluorescent detection of proteins with the Gel Doc™ XR+ and ChemiDoc™ XRS+ imagers without staining. When using Image Lab™ software version 5.
E | Using Bio-Rad’s Stain-Free Technology The benefits of stain-free technology include: Elimination of staining and destaining steps for faster time to results No background variability within a gel or between gels (as is often seen with standard Coomassie staining) Elimination of the need for acetic acid and methanol in staining and destaining, which reduces organic waste Visualization of transferred or blotted proteins on low fluorescence PVDF membranes Stain-Free Workflow For detailed
Electrophoresis with Stain-Free Gels Electrophoresis with Stain-Free Gels Stain-free gels are made and packaged without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), allowing them to be used for both SDS and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) applications. To perform electrophoresis with stain-free gels 1. Prepare the sample and running buffers. 2. Set up the electrophoresis cell. 3. Perform the run.
E | Using Bio-Rad’s Stain-Free Technology Imaging Blots To blot stain-free gels, use standard blotting procedures as described in the instruction manual you are using. Use only PVDF membranes with low background fluorescence, as membranes other than low fluorescence PVDF can result in high background or low sensitivity with the ChemiDoc XRS+ and Gel Doc XR+ imagers. To assess transfer efficiency, be sure to activate and visualize the gel using the imager before transfer.
F Mitsubishi P93/P95 Thermal Printer Setting up a Thermal Printer on Windows The printer driver is on the Image Lab™ software installation CD in the Misc folder. To set up a thermal printer on a Windows system 1. Install the printer driver. 2. Open the printer section in Control Panel. 3. Click the thermal printer icon and select Printing Preferences. 4. Configure the correct paper size. Select 1280 x 1280 from the dropdown list. 5. Click OK to apply your changes.
F | Mitsubishi P93/P95 Thermal Printer Setting up a Thermal Printer on a Mac The printer driver can be found on the Image Lab software installation CD in the Misc directory. To set up a thermal printer on a Mac system 1. Install the printer driver. 2. Connect the printer to the computer. To configure the correct paper size 228 | 1. Start Image Lab software. 2. Select File > Page Setup. 3. In the Settings dropdown list, select Page Attributes. 4.
G Regression Calculation Methods Each regression method calculates a standard curve. Some of the methods provide the formula for the standard curve. In this case, the molecular weight can be calculated by: x = relative front of the band of interest y = molecular weight of the band of interest Linear (semilog): The linear equation is y = a + bx, where a is the intercept and b is the slope of the line. Note: The linear equation is calculated on the log of the molecular weight values.
G | Regression Calculation Methods where: x = mobility y = molecular weight a = estimated molecular weight at infinity b = slope of the tangent at midpoint c = midpoint d = estimated molecular weight at zero mobility Since the curve generated by the logistic-4PL regression method represents a perfectly shaped S, it might not fit the data very well in all cases. Cubic spline: Cubic spline curves are smooth curves that go through every data point.
Glossary Aspect ratio The ratio of the width to the height of an image. CCD (Charge-coupled device) A light-sensitive silicon chip used as a photodetector in ChemiDoc™ MP and ChemiDoc XRS+ camera systems. Colormaps Different color representations of a gel image. Electrophoresis A technique for separating molecules based on the differential movement of charged particles through a matrix when subjected to an electric field.
| Glossary 232 | Gel Doc XR+ and ChemiDoc XRS+ Systems with Image Lab Software
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Web site www.bio-rad.
