LTC4269-1 IEEE 802.3at PD with Synchronous No-Opto Flyback Controller DESCRIPTION FEATURES n n n n n n n n n n n n The LTC®4269-1 is an integrated Powered Device (PD) controller and switching regulator intended for high power IEEE 802.3at and 802.3af applications. The LTC4269-1 is targeted for high efficiency, single and multioutput applications from 10W to 25W. By supporting both 1-event and 2-event classifications, as defined by the IEEE, the LTC4269-1 can be used in a wide range of product configurations.
LTC4269-1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PIN CONFIGURATION (Notes 1, 2) TOP VIEW Pins with Respect to VPORTN VPORTP Voltage......................................... –0.3V to 100V VNEG Voltage ......................................... –0.3V to VPORTP VNEG Pull-Up Current ..................................................1A SHDN ....................................................... –0.3V to 100V RCLASS, Voltage ............................................ –0.3V to 7V RCLASS Source Current......................
LTC4269-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 60 9.8 21 37.2 V V V V V V Interface Controller (Note 4) Operating Input Voltage Signature Range Classification Range ON Voltage OFF Voltage Overvoltage Lockout At VPORTP (Note 5) l l l l 1.5 12.5 30.0 71 ON/OFF Hysteresis Window l 4.1 V Signature/Class Hysteresis Window l 1.
LTC4269-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS PWM Controller (Note 10) Power Supply VCC Turn-On Voltage, VCC(ON) l 14 15.3 16 V VCC Turn-Off Voltage, VCC(OFF) ● 8 9.7 11 V 6.5 V VCC Hysteresis VCC(ON) – VCC(OFF) ● 4 5.6 VCC Shunt Clamp VUVLO = 0V, IVCC = 15mA ● 19.5 20.
LTC4269-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Load Compensation Load Compensation to VSENSE Offset Voltage VRCMP with VSENSE+ = 0V 1 mV Feedback Pin Load Compensation Current VSENSE+ = 20mV, VFB = 1.230V 20 μA UVLO Function ● UVLO Pin Threshold (VUVLO) UVLO Pin Bias Current VUVLO = 1.2V VUVLO = 1.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Input Current vs Input Voltage 25k Detection Range Input Current vs Input Voltage 50 TA = 25°C VPORTP CURRENT (mA) VPORTP CURRENT (mA) TA = 25°C 0.3 0.2 30 CLASS 3 20 CLASS 2 CLASS 1 0.1 10 0 0 CLASS 1 OPERATION CLASS 4 40 0.4 Input Current vs Input Voltage 11.0 VPORTP CURRENT (mA) 0.5 10.5 85°C –40°C 10.0 CLASS 0 0 2 4 6 VPORTP VOLTAGE (V) 10 8 0 42691 G01 10 50 20 30 40 VPORTP VOLTAGE (V) (RISING) 9.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VCC(ON) and VCC(OFF) vs Temperature VCC Start-Up Current vs Temperature 16 VCC Current vs Temperature 10 300 VCC(ON) 15 9 250 14 8 IVCC (μA) VCC (V) 12 11 IVCC (mA) 200 13 150 7 6 STATIC PART CURRENT 100 VCC(OFF) 5 10 50 9 8 –50 –25 0 50 75 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 4 0 –50 –25 125 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 42691 G10 108 100 98 96 94 210 200 195 90 –50 180 –50 –25 125 98 92 0 50 75 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 42691 G13 100 90 –5
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Feedback Amplifier Source and Sink Current vs Temperature 70 70 25°C 10 –10 1050 SINK CURRENT VFB = 1.4V 60 IVCMP (μA) IVCMP (μA) 65 –40°C 30 1100 SOURCE CURRENT VFB = 1.1V 125°C 50 Feedback Amplifier gm vs Temperature gm (μmho) Feedback Amplifier Output Current vs VFB 1000 55 50 –30 950 45 –50 –70 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 VFB (V) 1.3 40 –50 1.5 1.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Minimum PG On-Time vs Temperature 325 300 RtON(MIN) = 158k 330 250 305 200 310 tPGDLY (ns) tON(MIN) (ns) RENDLY = 90k RPGDLY = 27.4k 320 300 290 285 tENDLY (ns) 340 Enable Delay Time vs Temperature PG Delay Time vs Temperature 150 RPGDLY = 16.
LTC4269-1 PIN FUNCTIONS the VCMP voltage and thus limits peak current until softstart is complete. The ramp time is approximately 70ms per μF of capacitance. Leave SFST open if not using the soft-start function. OSC (Pin 15): Oscillator. This pin, in conjunction with an external capacitor (COSC) to GND, defines the controller oscillator frequency. The frequency is approximately 100kHz • 100/COSC (pF). FB (Pin 16): Feedback Amplifier Input.
LTC4269-1 BLOCK DIAGRAM CLASSIFICATION CURRENT LOAD SHDN 1 VPORTP + 1.237V 16k T2P 2 32 25k – RCLASS 3 NC 31 PWRGD 30 CONTROL CIRCUITS PWRGD 4 NC 29 VPORTN 5 14V VNEG VPORTN 6 VNEG BOLD LINE INDICATES HIGH CURRENT PATH 7 NC 27 26 8 NC VCC CLAMPS 20V + + FB 1.3 – 1.237V REFERENCE (VFB) – INTERNAL REGULATOR VCMP + 3V S Q R Q – UVLO + – UVLO 17 COLLAPSE DETECT + 18 16 ERROR AMP CURRENT COMPARATOR IUVLO SFST 1V 14 OVERCURRENT FAULT – – 15.3V 0.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION OVERVIEW 50 Power over Ethernet (PoE) continues to gain popularity as more products are taking advantage of having DC power and high speed data available from a single RJ45 connector. As PoE continues to grow in the marketplace, Powered Device (PD) equipment vendors are running into the 13.0W power limit established by the IEEE 802.3af standard. VPORTP (V) 40 ON OFF 20 10 CLASSIFICATION DETECTION V2 DETECTION V1 50 VPORTP – VNEG (V) The IEE802.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The input diode bridge introduces a voltage drop that affects the range for each mode of operation. The LTC4269-1 compensates for these voltage drops so that a PD built with the LTC4269-1 meets the IEEE 802.3af/IEEE 802.3at-established voltage ranges. Note the Electrical Characteristics are referenced with respect to the LTC4269- 1 package pins. Table 1. LTC4269-1 Modes of Operation as a Function of Input Voltage VPORTP–VPORTN (V) LTC4269-1 MODES OF OPERATION 0V to 1.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SIGNATURE CORRUPT OPTION In some designs that include an auxiliary power option, it is necessary to prevent a PD from being detected by a PSE. The LTC4269-1 signature resistance can be corrupted with the SHDN pin (Figure 3). Taking the SHDN pin high will reduce the signature resistor below 11k which is an invalid signature per the IEEE 802.3af/IEEE 802.3at specification, and alerts the PSE not to apply power.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SIGNATURE CORRUPT DURING MARK 50 VPORTP (V) 40 30 1st CLASS 2nd CLASS ON OFF 20 10 DETECTION V1 DETECTION V2 1st MARK 2nd MARK PD CURRENT INRUSH LOAD, ILOAD 1st CLASS 2nd CLASS 40mA TIME DETECTION V1 DETECTION V2 VPORTP – VNEG (V) 50 40 PD STABILITY DURING CLASSIFICATION 1st MARK 2nd MARK dV = INRUSH dt C1 30 OFF ON OFF 20 T = RLOAD C1 10 TIME VPORTP – T2P (V) –10 –20 –30 TRACKS VPORTN –50 INRUSH = 100mA RCLASS = 30.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION To control the power-on surge currents in the system, the LTC4269-1 provides a fixed inrush current, allowing C1 to ramp up to the line voltage in a controlled manner. The LTC4269-1 keeps the PD inrush current below the PSE current limit to provide a well controlled power-up characteristic that is independent of the PSE behavior. This ensures a PD using the LTC4269-1 interoperability with any PSE. TURN-ON/ TURN-OFF THRESHOLD The IEEE 802.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION from commencing operation before the PD interface completely charges the reservoir capacitor, C1. The active low PWRGD pin connects to an internal, opendrain MOSFET referenced to VPORTN and may be used as an indicator bit when power good is declared and active. The PWRGD pin is low impedance with respect to VPORTN. PWRGD PIN WHEN SHDN IS INVOKED In PD applications where an auxiliary power supply invokes the SHDN feature, the PWRGD pin becomes high impedance.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Input Diode Bridge Sharing Input Diode Bridges Figure 2 shows how two diode bridges are typically connected in a PD application. One bridge is dedicated to the data pair while the other bridge is dedicated to the spare pair. The LTC4269-1 supports the use of either silicon or Schottky input diode bridges. However, there are trade-offs in the choice of diode bridges.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION reliably not only when an initially charged cable connects and dissipates the energy through the PD front end, but also when the electrical power system grounds are subject to very high energy events (e.g. lightning strikes). In these high energy events, adding 10Ω series resistance into the VPORTP pin greatly improves the robustness of the LTC4269-1 based PD. (See Figure 7) The TVS limits the voltage across the port while the 10Ω and 0.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION operating current, the pull-down capability of the T2P pin, and the choice of V+. V+ for example can come from the PoE supply rail (which the LTC4269-1 VPORTP is tied to), or from the voltage source that supplies power to the DC/ DC converter. Option 1 has the advantage of not drawing power unless T2P is declared active. This configuration is an auxiliary-dominant configuration. That is, the auxiliary power source supplies the power even if PoE power is already present.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SWITCHING REGULATOR OVERVIEW The LTC4269-1 includes a current mode converter designed specifically for use in an isolated flyback topology employing synchronous rectification. The LTC4269-1 operation is similar to traditional current mode switchers. The major difference is that output voltage feedback is derived via sensing the output voltage through the transformer.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION T1 VFLBK FLYBACK LTC4269-1 FEEDBACK AMP R1 16 FB – 1V VFB 1.237V R2 • VCMP 17 + CVCMP VIN • PRIMARY SECONDARY + • + COUT ISOLATED OUTPUT MP – COLLAPSE DETECT MS R ENABLE S Q 42691 F10a Figure 10a. LTC4269-1 Switching Regulator Feedback Amplifier PRIMARY-SIDE MOSFET DRAIN VOLTAGE VFLBK 0.8 • VFLBK VIN PG VOLTAGE SG VOLTAGE 42691 F10b tON(MIN) MIN ENABLE ENABLE DELAY PG DELAY FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER ENABLED Figure 10b.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Enable Delay Time (ENDLY) Load Compensation Theory The flyback pulse appears when the primary-side switch shuts off. However, it takes a finite time until the transformer primary-side voltage waveform represents the output voltage. This is partly due to rise time on the primaryside MOSFET drain node, but, more importantly, is due to transformer leakage inductance. The latter causes a voltage spike on the primary side, not directly related to output voltage.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION in sensed output voltage, compensating for the IR drops.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Note the use of the external feedback resistive divider ratio to set output voltage provides the user additional freedom in selecting a suitable transformer turns ratio. Turns ratios that are the simple ratios of small integers; e.g., 1:1, 2:1, 3:2 help facilitate transformer construction and improve performance.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION A final note—the susceptibility of the system to bistable behavior is somewhat a function of the load current/ voltage characteristics. A load with resistive—i.e., I = V/R behavior—is the most apt to be bistable. Capacitive loads that exhibit I = V2/R behavior are less susceptible. Ripple current and percentage ripple is largest at minimum duty cycle; in other words, at the highest input voltage. LP is calculated from the following equation.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION in an abrupt increase in inductor ripple current and, consequently, output voltage ripple. Do not allow the core to saturate! The maximum peak primary current occurs at minimum VIN: IPK = PIN VIN(MIN) • DCMAX ⎛ X ⎞ • ⎜1+ MIN ⎟ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1+ XMIN 1 = N • VIN(MIN) VOUT ( VIN(MIN) • DCMAX ) = It is recommended that the Thevenin impedance of the resistive divider (R1||R2) is roughly 3k for bias current cancellation and other reasons. fOSC • LP • PIN 1 = 49.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Selecting the Load Compensation Resistor The expression for RCMP was derived in the Operation section as: RCMP = K1• RSENSE • (1−DC) • R1• NSF ESR +RDS(ON) Continuing the example: ⎛ V ⎞ 5 K1= ⎜ OUT ⎟ = = 0.116 ⎝ VIN • Eff ⎠ 48 • 90% DC= 1 1 = = 45.5% 1 48 N•VIN(NOM) • 1+ 1+ 8 5 VOUT If ESR +RDS(ON) = 8mΩ RCMP = 0.116 • 33mΩ • (1− 0.455) 1 • 37.4kΩ • 8mΩ 3 = 3.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION trace length and area to minimize stray capacitance and potential noise pick-up. You can synchronize the oscillator frequency to an external frequency. This is done with a signal on the SYNC pin. Set the LTC4269-1 frequency 10% slower than the desired external frequency using the OSC pin capacitor, then use a pulse on the SYNC pin of amplitude greater than 2V and with the desired frequency.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Primary Gate Delay Time (PGDLY) Switcher’s UVLO Pin Function Primary gate delay is the programmable time from the turn-off of the synchronous MOSFET to the turn-on of the primary-side MOSFET. Correct setting eliminates overlap between the primary-side switch and secondary-side synchronous switch(es) and the subsequent current spike in the transformer. This spike will cause additional component stress and a loss in regulator efficiency.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION If we wanted a VIN-referred trip point of 36V, with 1.8V (5%) of hysteresis (on at 36V, off at 34.2V): RA = 1.8V = 529k, use 523k 3.4μA RB = 523k = 18.5k, use 18.7k ⎛ 36V ⎞ – 1⎟ ⎜ ⎝ 1.23V ⎠ If CTR is undersized, VCC reaches the VCC turn-off threshold before stabilization and the LTC4269-1 turns off. The VCC node then begins to charge back up via RTR to the turn-on threshold, where the part again turns on.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The LTC4269-1 has an internal clamp on VCC of approximately 19.5V. This provides some protection for the part in the event that the switcher is off (UVLO low) and the VCC node is pulled high. If RTR is sized correctly, the part should never attain this clamp voltage. Control Loop Compensation Loop frequency compensation is performed by connecting a capacitor network from the output of the feedback amplifier (VCMP pin) to ground as shown in Figure 15.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Short-Circuit Conditions Loss of current limit is possible under certain conditions such as an output short-circuit. If the duty cycle exhibited by the minimum on-time is greater than the ratio of secondary winding voltage (referred-to-primary) divided by input voltage, then peak current is not controlled at the nominal value. It ratchets up cycle-by-cycle to some higher level.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION For each secondary-side power MOSFET, the BVDSS should be greater than: PD(PRI) = IRMS(PRI) 2•RDS(ON) (1+ δ) + BVDSS ≥ VOUT + VIN(MAX) • NSP Choose the primary-side MOSFET RDS(ON) at the nominal gate drive voltage (7.5V). The secondary-side MOSFET gate drive voltage depends on the gate drive method. Primary-side power MOSFET RMS current is given by: Calculate MOSFET power dissipation next.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION to roughly 7.5V, so you can safely use MOSFETs with maximum VGS of 10V and larger. IRMS(SEC) = IOUT Synchronous Gate Drive Continuing the example: There are several different ways to drive the synchronous gate MOSFET. Full converter isolation requires the synchronous gate drive to be isolated. This is usually accomplished by way of a pulse transformer.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The other 1% is due to the bulk C component, so use: COUT ≥ IOUT 1% • VOUT • fOSC In many applications, the output capacitor is created from multiple capacitors to achieve desired voltage ripple, reliability and cost goals. For example, a low ESR ceramic capacitor can minimize the ESR step, while an electrolytic capacitor satisfies the required bulk C. Continuing our example, the output capacitor needs: ESRCOUT ≤ 1% • 5V • (1− 49.4%) = 4mΩ 5.3A 5.
LTC4269-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION pin should be separated from other high voltage pins, like VPORTP, VNEG, to avoid the possibility of leakage currents shutting down the LTC4269-1. If not used, tie SHDN to VPORTN. The load capacitor connected between VPORTP and VNEG of the LTC4269-1 can store significant energy when fully charged. The design of a PD must ensure that this energy is not inadvertently dissipated in the LTC4269-1.
54V FROM SPARE PAIR 54V FROM DATA PAIR – 48V AUX IN + B1100 ×8 10k 107k BSS63LT 36V CMDZ 5258B 10k SMAJ58A 10Ω UVLO BAS21 S2B 30.9Ω + T2P 15k 0.1μF 150k OSC R9 20k VCC ENDLY 2.1k RCMP LTC4269-1 22μF 16V 2.2μF 100V SYNC 100k tON TO ISOLATED SIDE VIA OPTO 10μF 100V VNEG PGDLY 20k 1% 330k 1% B1100 RCLASS VPORTN SHDN VPORTP 0.1μF 100V + 4.7μH 33pF FB 680pF SG SENSE– SENSE+ PG 1000pF 100V 10Ω GND VCMP 0.1μF 3.01k 1% 29.4k 1% CCMP 0.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PoE-Based 5V, 5A Power Supply 0.18μH T1 t + + – 47μF t VPORTP 5V 5A C1 100μF 10μH 48V AUXILIARY POWER + B1100 × 8 PLCS t 39k 2.2μF 10μF 150Ω 107k 36V PDZ36B 54V FROM DATA PAIR 10k BSS63LT1 22pF + BAS21 1μF 10μF 27.4k 383k 5.1Ω 20Ω FDS8880 S1B S1B 14.0k 1.5nF 3.01k FDS2582 UVLO 10Ω PWRGD FB VCC 2.2nF 2kV PG SENSE+ VPORTP 33mΩ SHDN SMAJ58A 0.1μF 100V 54V FROM SPARE PAIR RCLASS SENSE– LTC4269-1 30.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PoE-Based 12V, 2A Power Supply T1 t 0.33μH VPORTP + – + 10μH 48V AUXILIARY POWER + 2.2μF 10μF B1100 × 8 PLCS 36V PDZ36B 10k BSS63LT1 47pF + BAS21 C1 47μF 150Ω 107k 54V FROM DATA PAIR 10μF t t 20k 12V 2A 1μF 22μF 29.4k 383k 15Ω 20Ω FDS3572 S1B S1B 14.0k 470pF 3.01k FDS2582 UVLO 10Ω PWRGD FB 2.2nF 2kV PG VCC SENSE+ VPORTP 33mΩ SHDN RCLASS SMAJ58A 30.9Ω 54V FROM SPARE PAIR 0.
LTC4269-1 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PoE-Based 3.3V, 7A Power Supply 0.18μH T1 t + + – 47μF t VPORTP 3.3V 7A C1 100μF 10μH 48V AUXILIARY POWER + B1100 × 8 PLCS t 20k 2.2μF 10μF 150Ω 107k 36V PDZ36B 54V FROM DATA PAIR 10k BSS63LT1 22pF + BAS21 1μF 22μF B0540W 29.4k 383k 5.1Ω 20Ω FDS8670 S1B S1B 14.0k 2.2nF 3.01k FDS2582 UVLO 10Ω PWRGD FB VCC SENSE+ VPORTP 33mΩ SHDN SMAJ58A 54V FROM SPARE PAIR 0.1μF 100V 47Ω 2.2nF 2kV PG RCLASS SENSE– LTC4269-1 30.
LTC4269-1 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION DKD Package 32-Lead Plastic DFN (7mm × 4mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1734 Rev A) 0.70 ±0.05 4.50 ±0.05 6.43 ±0.05 2.65 ±0.05 3.10 ±0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.20 ±0.05 0.40 BSC 6.00 REF RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 7.00 ±0.10 17 R = 0.115 TYP 32 R = 0.05 TYP 0.40 ±0.10 6.43 ±0.10 4.00 ±0.10 2.65 ±0.10 PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.30 TYP OR 0.35 = 45° CHAMFER PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) 16 0.75 ±0.05 0.40 BSC 1 6.
LTC4269-1 REVISION HISTORY (Revision history begins at Rev B) REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER B 04/10 Connected PWRGD Pin to UVLO Pin in Typical Application Circuit Drawings Added Text Clarifying Connecting PWRGD Pin to UVLO Pin in Complementary Power Good Section of the Applications Information Section C 08/12 Updated maximum power levels for class 0 and class 3 to 13.
LTC4269-1 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC4257-1 IEEE 802.3af PD Interface Controller 100V 400mA Internal Switch, Programmable Classification, Dual Current Limit LTC4258 Quad IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet Controller DC Disconnect Only, IEEE-Compliant PD Detection and Classification, Autonomous Operation or I2C Control LTC4259A-1 Quad IEEE 802.