LevelOne GSW-2600TXM Intelligent Switch User’s Guide Multilayer 24-Port Intelligent Fast Ethernet Switch with 24 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports, and 2 Slots for Optional Gigabit Uplink Modules (RJ-45 / FIBER)
Before Using this Manual: This manual is suitable for the user of the management or intelligent switch. There are some shadow parts remarking in this manual, meaning only the display of the intelligent switch. Note: Intelligent switch can work in Layer 2 mode or Multilayer mode, but Management switch only works in layer 2 mode. LevelOne GSW-2600TXM should be treated as an intelligent switch.
2.4.3.2. Configuring IP Trap Managers .................................................... 24 2.4.4. User Log-in Configuration ..................................................................... 25 2.4.5. Downloading System Software ............................................................. 27 2.4.6. Saving or Restoring the System Configuration ..................................... 28 2.5. Device Control Menu....................................................................................... 29 2.5.
2.6.4. Displaying VLAN Information ................................................................ 84 2.6.4.1. VLAN Dynamic Registration Information..................................... 85 2.6.4.2. VLAN Forwarding Information..................................................... 86 2.6.5. IP Multicast Registration Table .............................................................. 86 2.6.6. IP Menu................................................................................................. 87 2.6.6.1.
3.6.2.4. Static Unicast Address Table..................................................... 126 3.6.2.5. Configuring the Static Multicast Address Table ......................... 126 3.6.3. Using the Bridge Menu........................................................................ 127 3.6.3.1. Configuring Global Bridge Settings ........................................... 128 3.6.3.2. Configuring STA for Ports.......................................................... 130 3.6.4. Configuring Virtual LANs......
3.8. Resetting the System .................................................................................... 170 4. Chapter 4: Advanced Topics.................................................................................... 172 4.1. Layer 2 Switching.......................................................................................... 172 4.1.1. Unicast Switching................................................................................ 172 4.1.2. Multicast Switching...........................
5. Appendix A: Troubleshooting ................................................................................... 192 5.1. Troubleshooting Chart................................................................................... 192 5.2. Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port ........................................................ 192 6. Appendix B: Pin Assignments.................................................................................. 195 6.1. Console Port Pin Assignments .......................
7.1.29. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) .......................................................... 200 7.1.30. Telnet ................................................................................................ 200 7.1.31. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) ................................................. 200 7.1.32. Virtual LAN (VLAN) ........................................................................... 200 7.1.33. XModem...........................................................................
1. Switch Management 1.1.Configuration Options For advanced management capability, the onboard management agent provides a menu-driven system configuration program. This program can be accessed by a direct or modem connection to the serial port on the rear panel (out-of-band), or by a Telnet connection over the network (in-band). The management agent is based on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).
If the default settings for the management agent’s serial port have been modified and you are having difficulty making a console connection, you can display or modify the current settings using a Web browser as described under “Configuring the Serial Port” on chapter 3. 1.2.2.Remote Management Via the Console Port 1.2.2.1.Configuring the Switch Site Connect the switch’s DB9 serial port to the modem’s serial port uses standard cabling.
2. Each VLAN group can be assigned its own IP interface address (chapter 2 “IP Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)”). Therefore, if the port connected to the management station has joined several VLANs, you can manage the switch via any of these IP addresses. 3. This switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions. 4. The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP- based network management software.
2. Console Interface 2.1.Log-in Screen Once a direct connection to the serial port or a Telnet connection is established, the log-in screen for the onboard configuration program appears as shown below. V1.00 Intelligent Switch1 10-19-2001 (c) Copyright communications Corp. User Name: Password : 1. For Management Model, it will display “Management Switch”. If this is your first time to log into the configuration program, then the default user names are “admin” and “guest,” with no password.
System Information Menu Management Setup Menu System Information Switch Information IP Configuration (1) IP Connectivity Test (ping) HTTP Configuration Network Configuration Send Authentication Fail Traps SNMP Communities IP Trap Manager Serial Port Configuration SNMP Configuration User Configuration TFTP Download Layer 2 Multilayer Configuration File Port Configuration Mirror Port Configuration Port Trunk Configuration Static Unicast Address Configuration Static Multicast Address Configuration Sy
2.2.Main Menu With the system configuration program you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The screen below of the Main Menu and the table following it briefly describe the selections available from this program. Note: Options for the currently selected item are displayed in the highlighted area at the bottom of the interface screen. Intelligent Layer3 Switch¹ Multilayer Mode* Main Menu ========= System Information Menu...
SNMP Configuration User Configuration TFTP Download Configuration File Device Control Menu System Mode³ Layer 2 Menu Bridge Menu VLAN Menu IGMP Snooping Configuration¹ IP Menu² Security Menu Activates authentication failure traps; configures community access strings, and trap managers. Sets the user names and passwords for system access. Downloads new version of firmware to update your system (in-band). Saves or restores configuration data based on the specified file.
3. Only displayed in intelligent switch. 2.3.System Information Menu Use the System Information Menu to display a basic description of the switch, including contact information, and hardware / firmware versions. System Information Menu ======================= System Information ... Switch Information ... Display System Information. Use or arrow keys to move. to select.
Parameter System Description System Object ID Description System hardware description. MIB II object identifier for switch’s network management subsystem. System Up Time Length of time the current management agent has been running. (Note that the first value is in centiseconds.) System Name* Name assigned to the switch system. System Contact* Contact person for the system. System Location* Specifies the area or location where the system resides.
console to ensure a reliable connection (Serial Port Configuration). Specify the IP addresses for the switch (Network Configuration / IP Configuration), and then set the Administrator and User passwords (User Configuration). Remember to record them in a safe place. Also set the community string which controls access to the onboard SNMP agent via in-band management software (SNMP Configuration). The items provided by the Management Setup Menu are described in the following sections.
Network Configuration ===================== IP Configuration ... IP Connectivity Test (Ping) ... HTTP Configuration ... Display or change the IP configuration. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter IP Configuration* Description Screen used to set the bootup option, or configure the switch’s IP parameters. IP Connectivity Test (Ping) Screen used to test IP connectivity to a specified device. HTTP Configuration Screen used to enable the Web agent.
IP Configuration ================ Interface Type : Ethernet IP Address : 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0 Gateway IP : 0.0.0.0 IP State : USER-CONFIG Mgt. Access : All VLANs IP address of this system for Ethernet. READ/WRITE Subnet Mask Default Gateway Mgt. Access | Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Interface Type IP Address IP State Description Indicates IP over Ethernet. IP address of the switch you are managing.
from a specified VLAN. If you select “Mgmt VLAN,” then select Apply to display the VLAN ID field, select the required VLAN, and then select Apply or OK to save your changes. 2.4.1.2.IP Connectivity Test (Ping) Use the IP Connectivity Test to see if another site on the Internet can be reached. The screen shown below is described in the following table. Network Configuration: IP Connectivity Test (Ping) ===================== IP Address : 0.0.0.
Network Configuration: HTTP Configuration ===================== HTTP Server : ENABLED Administrative status of the HTTP server. | READ/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options. Note: Port 80 is used for HTTP service. 2.4.2.Configuring the Serial Port You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial port. (For more information on connecting to this port, see “Required Connections” on chapter 1.
Baud Rate 19200 The rate at which data is sent between devices. Options : 9600, 19200 and 38400 baud. Data Bits 8 bits Sets the data bits of the RS-232 port. Options : 7, 8 Stop Bits 1 bit Sets the stop bits of the RS-232 port. Options : 1, 2 Parity None Sets the parity of the RS-232 port. Options : none, odd, even Timeout 0 minutes If no input is received from the attached device after this interval, the current session is automatically closed.
IP Trap Managers Specifies management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. 2.4.3.1.Configuring Community Names The following figure and table describe how to configure the community strings authorized for management access. Up to 5 community names may be entered. SNMP Configuration: SNMP Communities ================== Community Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. public private Access READ/WRITE READ ONLY The community name of entry 1.
SNMP Configuration: IP Trap Manager ================== IP Address 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Community Name 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 public Status ENABLED The IP address of entry 1. READ/WRITE | Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter IP Address Community Name Status Description IP address of the trap manager. A community specified for trap management access. Sets administrative status of selected entry to enabled or disabled. 2.4.4.
User Configuration ================== User Name Access Right Console Telnet guest GUEST DISABLED DISABLED admin ADMIN ENABLED ENABLED HTTP ENABLED ENABLED Return to previous panel. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter User Name Description Specifies a user authorized management access to the switch via the console, Telnet or HTTP. Access Right ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. GUEST: Read Only for all screens.
the console, Telnet or HTTP. Password* Password associated with this entry. Access Right ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. GUEST: Read Only for all screens. Console Access Authorizes management via the console. Telnet Access Authorizes management via Telnet. HTTP Access Authorizes management via HTTP (i.e., a Web browser). *These entries can consist of up to 15 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive. 2.4.5.
2.4.6.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a TFTP client. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP client and the quality of the network connection. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table. Configuration File ====================== Station IP :0.0.0.
2.5.Device Control Menu The Device Control menu is used to control a broad range of functions, including port mode, port mirroring, port trunking, Spanning Tree, Virtual LANs, IP subnets, multicast filtering, and routing protocols. Each of the setup screens provided by these configuration menus is described in the following sections. Device Control Menu =================== System Mode ... Layer 2 Menu ... Bridge Menu ... VLAN Menu ... IGMP Snooping Configuration ... IP Menu ... Security Menu ...
includes IGMP Snooping Configuration.) 3. Only displayed in intelligent switch. 2.5.1.Setting the System Operation Mode This switch can be set to operate as a Layer 2 switch, making all filtering and forwarding decisions based strictly on MAC addresses.
Layer 2 Menu ============ Port Configuration ... Mirror Port Configuration ... Port Trunking Configuration ... Static Unicast Address Configuration ... Static Multicast Address Configuration ... Change the system port configuration. Use or arrow keys to move. to select.
Layer 2 Menu: Port Configuration ============ Port Jack Control Link Admin Auto Default Status Type Status Negotiate Type (Port 1-12) Current Flow Type -------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 2 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 3 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 4 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 5 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 6 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10HDX 10HDX Off RJ-45 7 Off ENABL
Default Type Current Type Flow Control 10HDX (except 100FX) The 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX and 1000BASE-T modules are all fixed at the indicated speed and duplex mode. All media types can auto-negotiate flow control. If auto-negotiation is disabled, the port will be set to the indicated speed and duplex mode. Indicates the current speed and duplex mode. Used to enable or disable flow control.
Layer 2 Menu: Port Configuration ============ Port Jack Type (Expansion Slots) Link Admin Auto Current Flow FC Status Status Negotiate Type Control Status -------------------------------------------------------------------------Off 25 Off ENABLED ENABLED 1GSX/LX-FDX Off FIBER 26 Off ENABLED ENABLED 1GSX/LX-FDX Off Off FIBER Page> or arrow keys to move, to scroll options. 2.5.2.2.
Layer 2 Menu: Mirror Port Configuration ============ Port Mirroring : DISABLED Transmission Path Mirrored Ports Tx:7 8 9 Rx:8 9 12 23 Monitor Port Tx : Monitor Port Rx : 5 6 Enable or disable port mirror function. | READ/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options. Parameter Description Enable Port Mirror Enables or disables the mirror function. Mirrored Ports The port whose transmitted or received traffic will be mirrored.
When using a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned to one trunk. • • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode, and VLAN assignments. • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from / to, added or deleted from a VLAN. • The Spanning Tree Algorithm will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole.
<<13, 1, 14, 2, 15, 3, 16, 4>> <<17, 5, 18, 6, 19, 7, 20, 8>> <<21, 9, 22, 10, 23, 11, 24, 12>> <<25, 26>> Note: For the extender modules (ports 25, 26), the possible port trunking combinations are set out below: Extender Module 1000BASE-SX/LX, 1000BASE-T Can be trunked together, irrespective of media. To add a trunk, select . To delete a trunk, highlight the required entry and select Enter.
Address The MAC address of a host device attached to this switch. Port The switch port to which the host device is attached. Note: To assign a MAC address to a specific port, use . To delete or modify an address, highlight it with the cursor and select Enter. To scroll through the address table, use the and buttons. To display a specific page, set the page number in the Page field and then select . 2.5.2.5.
2.5.3.Using the Bridge Menu The Bridge menu is used to configure settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm, as well as the global bridge settings for GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol) and GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol), traffic class priority threshold, and address aging time. The Spanning Tree Algorithm can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers.
Bridge Menu: Bridge Configuration =========== Spanning Tree GMRP : ENABLED : DISABLED Bridge Priority GVRP : 32768 : DISABLED Hello Time (in seconds) Threshold : 4 Forward Delay (in seconds) 300 Max age (in seconds) : 2 : 15 Priority Aging Time (in seconds) : : 20 The status of the spanning tree. | READ/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options.
Max (Message) Age 20 The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STA information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network.
Spanning Tree Port Configuration (Port 1-12) ================================ Port Type FastForwarding Priority Cost -----------------------------------------------------1 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 2 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 3 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 4 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 5 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 6 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 7 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 8 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 9 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 10 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 11 100TX 128 19 DISABLED 12 100TX 128 19 DISABLED Parameter Type Priority (Path) Cost
Forwarding* Tree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding. * Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can be passed through the Spanning Tree state changes more quickly than allowed by standard convergence time. Fast Forwarding can achieve quicker convergence for end-node workstations and servers, and also overcome other STA related timeout problems.
VLAN Menu: VLAN Port Configuration ========= GARP Configuration Join Time Leave Time Leave All Time 20 Centiseconds 60 Centiseconds 1000 Centiseconds VLAN and Priority Port VID Port Default Priority VLAN Tagging GVRP GMRP Ingress Filtering Port 1 1 0 Rx All, Tx All ENABLED ENABLED DISABLED The join time for the port. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Port Default Priority² 0 Set the default ingress priority to any value beneath the priority threshold (chapter 2 “Configuring Global Bridge Setting”) to specify the low priority queue, or to any value equal to or above this threshold to specify the high priority queue. VLAN Layer 2 - Indicates whether or not VLAN tags will be included on frames Tagging³ Rx All, passing through this port. The options include: Tx All Rx All: Accepts all frames, tagged or untagged. Rx Untag: Only accepts untagged frames.
GMRP Enabled Enables or disables GMRP for this port. When enabled, this port will allow endstations to register with multicast groups using GMRP. Note that GMRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect (chapter 2 “Configuring Global Bridge Settings”). IGMP and IGMP Snooping also provide multicast filtering. (See “IGMP Protocol” on chapter 4.
Port Port entries may be marked as: - : (Normal) Uses GVRP to determine port membership. S : (Static) Adds port as a static entry. GVRP protocol messages are still forwarded through this port. R : (Registration Fixed) Adds port as a static entry. GVRP protocol is disabled. X : (Forbidden) Disables GVRP for this VLAN on the specified port. If a removed port is no longer assigned to any other group as an untagged port, it will automatically be assigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged.
IGMP Snooping Configuration =========================== IGMP Snooping Status : DISABLED IGMP Router Timeout (Minutes) : 5 IGMP Group Timeout (Minutes) : 5 Act as IGMP Querier : DISABLED To enable or disable IGMP snooping on your system. | READ/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options.
routes, and the default IP route. IP Menu ======= Subnet Configuration ... Protocol Configuration ... Static ARP Configuration ... Static Route ... Default Route ... Display and change the subnet configuration. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Subnet Configuration Protocol Configuration Static ARP Configuration Static Route Default Route Description Specifies the IP interface for VLANs configured on this switch, including the subnet address and routing protocols.
IP Subnet Configuration ======================= Intf. IP Address Status 1 192.168.1.254 DISABLED ON Pages Page Subnet Mask VLAN RIP 255.255.255.0 1 DVMRP 1 DISABLED DISABLED OSPF Total 1 The page number. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter IP Address Description The IP address associated with the specified VLAN interface.
Group Configuration screen and create or modify a VLAN group (chapter 2 “Configuring Port Groups”). To configure the unicast or multicast routing protocols, select the IP address for a specific interface from the Subnet Configuration menu (chapter 2 “Subnet Configuration”), and then select “Advanced” configuration from the Modify Subnet screen (see chapter 2 “Modifying an IP Interface”). Add Subnet ========== VLAN : 0 IP Address Subnet Mask : 0.0.0.0 : 255.255.255.
You can create a new VLAN group or modify the members of an existing group by pressing “Select” on the Add Subnet screen. Port Group Configuration ======================== Port VLAN 1 Static 1 2 12345678901234567890123456 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP S: P: PVID Page : 1 Total: 1 Pages Enter page number than press 'Apply' to see port group. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Modify Subnet ============= VLAN : 1 IP Address Subnet Mask : 192.168.1.254 : 255.255.255.0 Proxy ARP RIP OSPF DVMRP : : : : DISABLED DISABLED DISABLED DISABLED Select Advanced ... Advanced ... Advanced ... VLAN ID. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Configuring RIP The Routing Information Protocol is used to specify how routers exchange routing table information. (See “RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols” on chapter 4.
Subnet Configuration: Modify RIP Configuration ==================== Authentication Type: No Authentication Authentication Key : Send Type Receive Type : RIP1 Broadcast : RIP1 Default Metric : 0 Poison Reverse : Enabled RIP authentication type. | READ/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options.
Configuring OSPF Open Shortest Path First is more suited for large area networks which experience frequent changes in the links. It also allows for subnets. This protocol actively tests the status of each link to its neighbors to generate a shortest path tree, and builds a routing table based on this information. (See “OSPFv2 Dynamic Routing Protocol” on chapter 4.) OSPF then utilizes IP multicast to propagate routing information.
Interface Cost 100 This value is used by the router in calculating the shortest path. The default cost is calculated by using the bandwidth of the interface. For this purpose, the bandwidth is taken as that of the highest bandwidth port in the VLAN linked to the interface. The interface cost is inversely proportional to this bandwidth.
Subnet Configuration: Modify DVMRP Configuration ==================== Metrics: : 1 Probe Interval (in seconds) : 10 Neighbor Timeout (in seconds): 35 Metrics. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Metrics 1 hop Probe Interval Neighbor Timeout Description This value is used to select the best reverse path to networks that are connected directly to an interface on this switch.
Protocol Configuration ====================== ARP Proxy ARP RIP OSPF DHCP Relay : : : : : Advanced ... ENABLED ENABLED DISABLED DISABLED IGMP Snooping : DISABLED DVMRP : ENABLED Advanced ... Advanced ... Advanced ... Advanced ... System ARP protocol advanced status. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter ARP Proxy ARP Description Sets the aging time for dynamic ARP entries. Enables or disables Proxy ARP globally for the switch.
IP interface”). Setting the ARP Timeout You can use the following configuration screen to modify the aging time for dynamically learned entries in the ARP cache. ARP Configuration ================= ARP Timeout (Minutes) : 20 ARP timeout value (minutes). READ/WRITE | Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Description ARP 20 The time that dynamically learned entries are retained in the Timeout minutes ARP cache.
RIP Update Time 30 The interval at which RIP advertises known route seconds information. Range: 0-999 seconds, where 0 disables route advertisements Disabled Enables or disables advertising this switch as a default router. Disabled Enables or disables advertisement of static routes. Default Route Advertisement Static Route Advertisement Ignore Host Disabled If enabled, the switch will not import a default route from Route other routers.
Parameter Router Id Area ID Configuration OSPF Area Range Configuration OSPF Virtual Link Configuration Description The switch IP that is used as the OSPF Router ID. Defines an area within which all OSPF routers actively exchange routing information to ensure that they all have an identical link state database. Defines a range of subnetwork addresses. An area range is used to summarize route information exchanged between Area Border Routers.
Type Indicates area type: Normal An area which can send or receive external route information. Stub An area which cannot send or receive external route information. It relies on a single default route provided by its Area Border Router (ABR) to access destinations outside of the stub. A stub can be used to reduce the amount of topology data that has to be exchanged over the network. NSSA A not so stubby area cannot send but can receive external route information.
OSPF Area Range Configuration ============================= Area Identity 192.168.2.0 192.168.4.0 IP Address 192.168.2.0 192.168.4.0 Address Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 Advertisement Advertise Advertise Page 1 Total 1 Pages Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Area Identity Description An OSPF area that includes all the OSPF routers within the assigned address range. The IP address used to calculate the area range.
OSPF Virtual Link Configuration =============================== Area ID 192.168.3.0 Neighbor Router ID 192.168.3.254 Status Down Page 1 Total 1 Pages Add OSPF area entry. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link. Note: To add a new OSPF Virtual Link, use the button.
Parameter Area ID Neighbor Router ID Default Description An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link. Transit Delay 1 second The estimated number of seconds it takes to transmit a link state update packet over this virtual link. Range: 0-3600 seconds Retransmit 5 seconds The number of seconds between retransmitting link-state Interval advertisements to the router at the other end on the virtual link.
OSPF Host Route Configuration ============================= IP Address Page 1 Cost Area ID Total 0 Pages The page number. |READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description IP Address The IP address of this host. Cost The link state cost of this host. Area ID The area that the host belongs to.
Bootp Relay Database Configuration ================================= Index Server Address 1 10.1.2.3 Return to previous panel. Use to select. Parameter Index Server Address Description Used to define any preferred DHCP servers or the outbound subnetwork for relaying a DHCP request broadcast. (Up to five entries are permitted.) IGMP Snooping Configuration If enabled, you can use the IGMP Snooping Configuration screen to configure multicast filtering as shown below.
IGMP Group Timeout 5 The time between last spotting an IGMP Report message for an IP multicast address on a specific port and the switch removing that entry from its list. Range: 3 - 5 minutes 2.5.6.3.Static ARP Configuration Use the following screen to display or edit entries in the Static ARP Table. Entries added to this table are retained until the associated IP interface is deleted or the switch is reset to the factory defaults.
them or the corresponding IP interface from this switch. Static Route Table ================== Destination Network Type Page Destination Mask VLAN Next Hop Total 0 Pages Return to previous panel. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Destination Network Destination Mask VLAN Next Hop Type 1 Description A destination network, subnet or host. The subnet mask that specifies the bits to match.
Add Routing Entry ================= Destination Address: 0.0.0.0 READ/WRITE Destination Mask : 255.255.255.0 Next Hop : 0.0.0.0 Routing Metric : 0 Destination IP address. | Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. 2.5.6.5.Configuring the Default Route Defines the router to which this switch will forward all traffic for unknown networks. The default route can be learned from RIP protocol (chapter 2 “Configuring RIP”) or manually configured.
VLAN The VLAN which has the IP interface to the default router. You cannot enter any value in this field. The switch will fill in the corresponding VLAN only after you specify the Next Hop Address and select Enter. Next Hop Address The IP address of the default router. Metric The number of hops required to reach the default router. 2.5.7.Configuring Security Filters You can use the Security menu to filter MAC and IP addresses. Security Menu ============= MAC Filtering Configuration ... Security Mode ...
MAC Security Filtering Configuration ==================================== ----------------------------------------------------------------0080AD050000 Page 1 Total 0 Pages Return to previous panel. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Note: To add a MAC address to the security filter, use . To delete an address, highlight it with the cursor and select Enter. To scroll through the address table, use the and buttons.
2.5.7.3.Configuring IP Address Filters If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter. Any packet passing through the switch that has a source or destination IP address matching an entry in this table will be filtered. IP Security Filtering Configuration =================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------10.1.1.
Network Monitor Menu ==================== Port Statistics ... Layer 2 Address Table ... Bridge Menu ... VLAN Menu ... IP Multicast Registration Table ... IP Menu ... Display port statistics. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Menu Port Statistics Description Displays statistics on port traffic, including information from the Interfaces Group, Ethernet-like MIB, and RMON MIB. Layer 2 Address Contains the unicast address table.
Statistics Menu =============== Port Statistics ... RMON Statistics ... Display port statistics. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Port Statistics RMON Statistics Description Displays standard statistics on network traffic passing through the selected port. Displays detailed statistics for the selected port, such as packet type and frame size counters. 2.6.1.1.
Port Statistics =============== Interfaces In Octets Octets : 0 In Unicast Pkts Pkts : 0 In Non-Unicast Pkts Pkts : 0 In Discards Discards : 0 In Errors Errors : 0 Alignment Errors Errors : 0 Ethernet Single Collisions Collisions : 0 Defered Transmissions Collisions : 0 Excess Collisions Errors : 0 Drop Events Fragments : 0 Octets Jabbers : 0 Port Number: 1 : 0 Out : 0 Out Unicast : 0 Out Non-Unicast : 0 Out : 0 Out : 0 CRC : 0 Multiple : 0 Late : 0 Carrier Se
In Discards In Errors Alignment Errors Out Octets Out Unicast Pkts. Out Non-Unicast Pkts. Out Discards Out Errors CRC Errors The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.
Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error. Note: Statistics are refreshed every 10 seconds by default (chapter 2 “Configuring the Serial Port”). 2.6.1.2.Displaying RMON Statistics Use the RMON Statistics screen to display key statistics for each port from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.
Parameter Drop Events Description The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of resources. Bytes Total number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization. Frames The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received. Broadcast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Layer 2 Address Table ===================== Unicast Address Table ... Display the unicast address table. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Menu Description Unicast Address Table Provides a full listing for unicast addresses. 2.6.2.1.Displaying the Unicast Address Table The Unicast Address Table contains the MAC addresses associated with each port (that is, the source port associated with the address).
2.6.3.Displaying Bridge Information The Bridge menu is used to display settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “Spanning Tree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Bridge Menu =========== Spanning Tree Bridge Information ... Spanning Tree Port Information ... Display the spanning tree information. Use or arrow keys to move. to select.
Bridge Menu: Spanning Tree Bridge Information =========== sec) Priority Hello Time (in seconds) Max Age (in seconds) Forward Delay (in seconds) Hold Time (in seconds) Designated Root Root Cost Root Port Configuration Changes Topology Up Time : : : : : : : : : : 32768 2 20 15 1 32768.00E800340000 0 0 0 847850 (0 day 2 hr 21 min 18 Return to previous panel. Use to select.
2.6.3.2.Displaying the Current STA for Ports The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for port STA Information. Bridge Menu: Spanning Tree Port Information (Port 1-12) Port Type Designated =========== Status Port Designated Designated Cost Bridge -----------------------------------------------------------------------1 100TX DISABLED 0 32768.00E800340000 128.1 2 100TX DISABLED 0 32768.00E800340000 128.2 3 100TX DISABLED 0 32768.00E800340000 128.3 4 100TX DISABLED 0 32768.
Type Shows port type as: 100TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100FX : 100BASE-FX 1000SX/LX : 1000BASE-SX/X (multimode/ single mode) 1000T : 1000BASE-T Status Displays current state of this port within the Spanning Tree: Disabled No link has been established on this port. Otherwise, the port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnostics. Blocking Port receives STA configuration messages, but does not forward packets.
VLAN Information ================ VLAN Dynamic Registration Information ... VLAN Forwarding Information ... Display VLAN dynamic registration information. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Menu VLAN Dynamic Registration Information VLAN Forwarding Information Description Shows the ports that have been automatically learned via GVRP. Shows all the ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. 2.6.4.1.
2.6.4.2.VLAN Forwarding Information Shows all the ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. VLAN Forwarding Information =========================== Port VLAN 1 Static 1 2 12345678901234567890123456 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS S: D: Dynamic Page : 1 Total: 1 Pages Enter page number than press 'Apply' to see VLAN group. | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
VLAN Multicast IP Learned by Page 1 IP Multicast Registration Table =============================== 1 2 12345678901234567890123456 Total 0 The page number. Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter VLAN Multicast IP (Multicast Group Port List) Learned by Description A VLAN with host members that have asked to receive the indicated multicast service.
IP Address Table ================ Subnet Information ... ARP Table ... Routing Table ... Multicast Table ... OSPF Table ... Display and change the static route table. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Menu Subnet Information ARP Table Routing Table Multicast Table OSPF Table Description Displays all the IP subnets configured on this switch, as well as the corresponding VLANs and ports. Shows the IP-to-MAC addresses discovered by ARP.
Subnet Information ================== 1 2 Intf. IP Address Subnet Mask 12345678901234567890123456 1 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Page 1 VLAN 1 Total 1 The page number. Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter IP Address Subnet Mask Description The address for an IP interface on this switch. A template that identifies the address bits in the host address used for routing to specific subnets.
ARP Table ========= IP Address 192.168.1.254 Page 1 Page> Parameter IP Address MAC Address VLAN Port MAC Address 00-80-00-00-11-22 VLAN 1 Port 1 or arrow keys to move. to select. Description IP addresses for which ARP has resolved the physical address through a broadcast message. MAC address that maps to the corresponding IP address. The VLAN group to which this host has been assigned.
Routing Table ============= Destination Network Protocol 192.168.1.0 Local RIP> Page 1 Destination Mask VLAN 255.255.255.0 1 Next Hop 192.168.2.10 Total 0 Type Direct Pages or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Description Destination A destination network, subnet or host. Network Destination Mask The subnet mask that specifies the bits to match.
display a specific page, set the page number in the Page field and then select . Select to clear any routing entries learned through RIP. Displaying Detailed Routing Information To display detailed routing information, select any entry in the Routing Table with your cursor and select Enter. The following screen will display.
Multicast Table Menu ==================== IP Multicast Registration Table ... IGMP Cache ... Multicast Forwarding Cache Table ... DVMRP Routing Table ... DVMRP Neighbor Table ... Display IP Multicast registration table. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Description IP Multicast Displays all active multicast groups, including the multicast IP Registration Table address and the corresponding VLANs. (See chapter 2 “IP Multicast Registration Table”.
IGMP Cache ========== Group Address Timer Page 1 Intf Reporter Up Time Expire Total 0 The page number. V1 Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Group Address An IP multicast group address with subscribers directly attached or downstream from this switch.
each known multicast group address. Multicast Forwarding Cache ========================== Group Address Time Source Address Page 1 Mask Upstream Nbr Protocol Up Total 0 The page number. Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Group Address Source Address Mask Upstream Nbr Description An IP multicast group address with subscribers directly attached or downstream from this switch.
DVMRP Routing Table =================== Source Address Up Time Page 1 Mask Upstream Nbr Interface Total 0 The page number. Metric Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Source Address Subnet Mask Description The IP subnetwork at the root of the multicast delivery tree. This subnetwork contains a known multicast source. Subnet mask that is used for the source address.
DVMRP Neighbor Table ==================== Interface RcvRoute Neighbor Address UpTime Page 1 ExpireTime Ver Total 0 The page number. Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Interface Neighbor Address UpTime ExpireTime Ver RcvRoute Description The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neighbor (see chapter 2 “Displaying Subnet Information”).
OSPF Table Menu =============== Interface Table ... Link State Table ... Neighbor Table ... Virtual Neighbor Table ... Display interface database. Use or arrow keys to move. to select. Parameter Description Interface Table Link State Table Displays a summary of link state advertisements. Neighbor Table Displays current neighbor routers. Virtual Neighbor Table Displays current virtual neighbors. Displaying the Interface Table You can use this menu to display parameters of OSPF interfaces.
Rtr ID Router ID for this router. Designated Rtr The IP of the designated router. The designated router advertises the link state of the OSPF area. Backup DR The backup designated router. If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes its place. Status This interface’s status in this OSPF area. Events The number of events since this designated router was selected. Displaying the Link State Table The link state table displays all advertisements in the link state database.
Type Link State ID Router ID Sequence No Age Note: The link state advertisement type: RtrLSA: Router LSA – All area routers advertise the state of links from the router itself to the its local area. NetLSA: Network LSA – The designated router for each Area advertises the link state for each transit area; i.e., an area with more than one attached router. This LSA includes information about each router attached to the area, including the designated router itself.
OSPF Neighbor Table =================== IP Address Events ID Page 1 Router ID Option Priority State Total 0 The page number. Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter IP Address ID Router ID Option Priority Description IP address of the neighboring router. The index number of the router interface to which this neighbor is attached. For IP protocol, this value will always be zero.
State Events The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It Indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent Information has been received from the neighbor, but that the router is attempting to contact the neighbor by sending Hello packets.
physically adjacent neighbors. OSPF Virtual Neighbor Table =========================== Area ID Events Router ID Page 1 IP Address Option Total 0 The page number. State Pages | READ/WRITE Use or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Area ID Router ID IP Address Option Description The transit area the virtual link must cross to connect the border routers. The OSPF identifier for the router at the other end of the link.
State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent information has been received from the neighbor, but that the router is attempting to contact the neighbor by sending Hello packets. Init: A Hello packet has recently been seen from the neighbor.
System Restart Menu =================== Restart Option : Reload Factory Defaults : NO Restart system with the factory default settings. |EAD/SELECT Use or arrow keys to move, to scroll options. Parameter Description Reload Factory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults [Restart] Restarts the switch. Note: When the system is restarted, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. It will also retain all system information, unless you elect to reload the factory defaults.
3. Web Interface 3.1.Web-Based Configuration and Monitoring In addition to the menu-driven system configuration program, this switch also provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 4.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above).
System Information Menu System Information Switch Information IP Configuration Network Configuration(1) Management Setup Menu Serial Port Configuration SNMP Configuration SNMP Communities IP Trap Manager User Configuration TFTP Download Configuration File Port Configuration Mirror Port Configuration Port Trunk Configuration Static Unicast Address Configuration Static Multicast Address Configuration Bridge Configuration Spanning Tree Port Configuration System Mode Device Control Menu Layer 2 Menu
3.2.Navigating the Web Browser Interface To access the Web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read / Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name for the administrator is “admin,” with no password. 3.2.1.Home Page When your Web browser connects with the switch’s Web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below.
of the page to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the Web page configuration buttons. Web Page Configuration Buttons Button Action Apply Sets specified values in the SNMP agent. Cancel Cancels specified values prior to pressing the “Apply” button. Refresh Immediately updates values from the SNMP agent. Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.
Parameter Type Admin Status Link Status Speed Status Duplex Status Flow Control Status VLAN ID Description Shows port type as: 100BASE-TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX : 100BASE-FX 1G BASE-SX/LX : 10000BASE-SX/LX (multimode/ single mode) 1G BASE-T : 1000BASE-T Shows if the port is enabled, or has been disabled due to abnormal behavior or for security reasons. See “Configuring Port Parameters” on chapter 3. Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device.
Parameter Management Mode Baud Rate Data Bits Stop Bits Parity Timeout Auto Refresh Default Console Mode 19200 Description Indicates that the port settings are for direct console connection. The rate at which data is sent between devices. Options: 9600, 19200 and 38400 baud. 8 bits Sets the data bits of the RS-232 port. Options: 7, 8 1 bit Sets the stop bits of the RS-232 port. Options: 1, 2 none Sets the parity of the RS-232 port.
Switch Information Shows hardware / firmware version numbers, power status, and expansion modules used in the switch. Management Setup Menu Network Configures the switch’s network parameters. Configuration¹ Serial Port Sets communication parameters for the serial port, including Configuration baud rate, console timeout, and screen data refresh interval. SNMP Configuration Activates authentication failure traps, configures community access strings and trap managers.
System Restart Menu Restart Option Restarts the system with options to restore factory defaults. 1. Only displays if the intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. Only displays when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. (Note that this menu includes IGMP Snooping Configuration.) 3. Only displayed in intelligent switch. 3.4.
3.4.2.Displaying Switch Version Information Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware / firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power status and modules plugged into the system. Parameter Hardware Version Firmware Version Serial Number Port Number Internal Power Status Parameter Expansion Slot 1 Description Hardware version of the main board. System firmware version in ROM. Serial number of the main board. Number of ports on this switch. Power status for the switch.
User Configuration Sets the user names and passwords for system access. TFTP Download Downloads new version of firmware to update your system (in-band). Configuration File Saves or restores configuration data based on the specified file. 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 3.5.1.Changing the Network Configuration (Layer 2 Mode) Use the Network Configuration menu to set the bootup option and configure the switch’s IP parameters.
IP State Mgt. Access Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration, or set by Boot Protocol (BOOTP). Options include: User Configuration – IP functionality is enabled based on the default or user specified IP Configuration. (This is the default setting.) BOOTP Get IP – IP is enabled but will not function until a BOOTP reply has been received. BOOTP requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch in an effort to learn its IP address.
Status Displays the administrative status of entry. An entry can only be to enabled or disabled via the console interface. 3.5.2.2.Configuring IP Trap Managers The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap managers may be entered. Parameter IP Address Community Name Status Description IP address of the trap manager. A community authorized to receive trap messages.
Parameter User Name* Description Specifies a user authorized management access to the switch via the console, Telnet or HTTP. An entry can only be deleted via the console interface. User Password* Password associated with this entry. Access Right GUEST: Read Only for all screens. ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. Console Authorizes management via the console. Telnet Authorizes management via Telnet. HTTP Authorizes management via HTTP.
File Name Start TFTP Download The binary file to download. Issues request to TFTP server to download the specified file. 3.5.5.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a TFTP client. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP client and the quality of the network connection.
filtering, and routing protocols. Each of the setup screens provided by these configuration menus is described in the following sections. Menu Description System Mode³ Sets the switch to operate as a Layer 2 switch or as a multilayer routing switch. Layer 2 Menu Configures port communication mode, mirror ports, port trunking, and static addresses.
Parameter Layer 2 Multi-Layer Description Filtering and forwarding decision will be based on MAC addresses for all protocol traffic. Switching based on MAC addresses will be used for all non-IP protocol traffic, and routing will be used for all IP protocol traffic. Note: When the switch is set to multilayer mode, the IP menus are enabled, and the “IP Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)” menu on chapter 2 is disabled.
Parameter Default Link Status Description Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device. Admin Enabled Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior Status (e.g., excessive collisions), and then enable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable a port for security reasons.
Flow Control Disabled Jack Type Used to enable or disable flow control. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
Parameter Enable Port Mirror TX Mirrored Port TX Monitored Port Description Enables or disables the mirror function. The port whose transmitted traffic will be mirrored. The port that will duplicate the transmitted traffic appearing on the mirrored port. RX Mirrored Port The port whose received traffic will be mirrored. RX Monitored Port The port that will duplicate the received traffic appearing on the mirrored port.
a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned to one trunk. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode and VLAN assignments. • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from / to, added to, or deleted from, a VLAN. • The Spanning Tree Algorithm will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole.
To add a trunk, highlight a port group in the New Setting list and press Add. To delete a trunk, highlight a port group in the Trunk List and press Delete. Before disconnecting a port trunk, take the following steps: • Before removing a port trunk via the configuration menu, you must disable all the ports in the trunk or remove all the network cables. Otherwise, a loop may be created.
Parameter Description MAC Address The destination MAC address for a multicast service. VLAN The VLAN corresponding to this multicast service. Port The ports to which this multicast traffic can be forwarded. Note: To assign a destination MAC address to one or more ports, enter its address and the corresponding VLAN, select the required ports, and then press Apply. To delete an address, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, and then press Delete.
Bridge Configuration STA Port Configuration Contains global bridge settings for STA (including bridge priority, hello time, forward delay, maximum message age), GMRP, GVRP, traffic class priority threshold, and address aging time. Contains STA settings for individual ports, including port priority, path cost, and fast forwarding 3.6.3.1.Configuring Global Bridge Settings The following figure and table describe bridge configuration for STA, GMRP, GVRP, priority threshold, and address aging time.
Forward Delay Maximum (Message) Age GMRP GVRP Priority Threshold* (Address) Aging Time 15 The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (that is, listening to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames.
* You can use “VLAN Port Configuration” on chapter 3 to configure the default priority for each port. 3.6.3.2.Configuring STA for Ports The following figure and table describe port STA configuration. Parameter Type Priority (Path) Cost Default Description Shows port type as: 100BASE-TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX : 100BASE-FX 1G BASE-SX/LX : 1000BASE-SX/LX(multimode/ single mode) 1G BASE-T : 1000BASE-T 128 Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm.
Fast Enabled This parameter is used to enable / disabled the Fast Spanning Forwarding* Tree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding. * Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass through the Spanning Tree state changes more quickly than allowed by standard convergence time.
Parameter GARP Configuration¹ Default Description Group Address Registration Protocol is used by GVRP and GMRP to register or deregister client attributes for client services within a bridged LAN. Join Time 20 The interval (centiseconds) between transmitting requests / queries to participate in a group. Leave Time 60 The interval (centiseconds) a port waits before leaving a group. This time should be set to more than twice the join time.
Port VID 1 The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on this port. Port Default 0 Set the default ingress priority to any value beneath the Priority² priority threshold (chapter 3 “Configuring Global Bridge Settings”) to specify the low priority queue, or to any value equal to or above this threshold to specify the high priority queue. VLAN Layer 2 - Indicates whether or not VLAN tags will be included on frames Tagging³ Rx All, transmitted out of this port.
VLAN crosses the switches). However, to participate in a VLAN group that extends beyond this switch, we recommend using the VLAN ID for that group (using VLAN tagging for Layer 2 mode, or a common PVID for multilayer mode). When operating the switch in Layer 2 mode, ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches must use VLAN tagging.
To add a new VLAN, enter a new VLAN number in the VID field, select the port members, and press Add. To modify a VLAN, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, modify the port settings, and press Save. To delete a VLAN, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, and then press Delete. 3.6.5.Configuring IGMP Snooping Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as video conferencing or streaming audio.
Act as IGMP Disabled If enabled, the switch can serve as the “querier,” which is Querier² responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. 1. This item is only displayed for Layer 2 mode. For multilayer mode, the full IGMP protocol set is automatically enabled / disabled along with DVMRP. (See IGMP on chapter 4. See DVMRP on chapter 3 “Configuring DVMRP” and chapter 4 “DVMRP Routing Protocol”.) 2. This item is only displayed for Layer 2 mode.
Parameter IP Address Subnet Mask VLAN Proxy ARP Description The IP address associated with the specified VLAN interface. By convention, the last three digits should be set to “254” to readily distinguish this device as a router port. A template that identifies the address bits in the host address used for routing to specific subnets. Each bit that corresponds to a “1” is part of the network / subnet number and each bit that corresponds to “0” is part of the host number.
multicast routing protocols, you must edit an existing entry (as described in the following section) and press the Advanced button for RIP or DVMRP. Modifying an IP Interface To modify an IP interface, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, update the interface settings in the dialog box at the bottom of the screen, use the Advanced button to configure the unicast and multicast routing protocols (as described in the following sections), and then press Save.
Send Type The protocol used for traffic sent out this port: RIP1 Broadcast: Route information is broadcast to other routers on the network using RIPv1. RIP2 Broadcast: Route information is broadcast to other routers on the network using RIPv2. RIP2 Multicast: Route information is multicast to other routers on the network using RIPv2. Do Not Send: The switch will passively monitor route information advertised by other routers attached to the network.
Parameter Area ID¹ Default Description A 32-bit integer uniquely identifying an OSPF protocol broadcast area. This identifier can be in the form of an IP address or integer. Each port on the switch can be configured to represent one OSPF area. ID 0.0.0.0 is used for the OSPF backbone. Router Priority 1 The priority used when selecting the designated router and designated backup router.
Configuring DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol is used to route multicast traffic to nodes which have requested a specific multicast service via IGMP. (See “DVMRP Routing Protocol” on chapter 4.) To configure DVMRP, you must specify the routing metric, probe interval, and neighbor router timeout.
IGMP Snooping broadcasting a BOOTP / DHCP request. Enables or disables IGMP Snooping. The Advanced menu sets the timeout for inactive multicast ports or for specific multicast flows when there are no longer any clients. See chapter 3 “Configuring IGMP Snooping”. Note: Once RIP and DVMRP have been enabled globally (chapter 2 “Protocol Configuration”), you can enable or disable them for any specific subnet via the Subnet Configuration menu (chapter 3 “Subnet Configuration”).
Static Route Disabled Enables or disables advertisement of static routes. Advertisement Configuring Global Settings for OSPF To implement OSPF for a large network, you must first organize the network into logical areas to limit the number of OSPF routers that actively exchange Link State Advertisements (LSAs). You can then define an OSPF interface by assigning an IP interface configured on this switch to one of these groups. This OSPF interface will send and receive OSPF traffic to neighboring OSPF routers.
Parameter Area ID Description An OSPF area identifier configured for a group of OSPF routers. (For information on how to assign this identifier to a specific interface, see chapter 3 “Configuring OSPF”.) Type Indicates area type: Normal An area which can send or receive external route information. Stub An area which cannot send or receive external route information. It relies on a single default route provided by its Area Border Router (ABR) to access destinations outside of the stub.
VLSMs allows you to configure each subnetwork within a larger network with its own subnet mask. This provides a longer subnet mask that covers fewer host IP addresses, thereby reducing the size of the routing tables that have to be exchanged. (For more information on VSLMs, see RFCs 1219 and 1878.) Parameter Area Identity Description An OSPF area that includes all the OSPF routers within the assigned address range. The IP address used to calculate the area range.
common backbone. To configure a virtual link, specify the transit area through which the endpoint routers connect, and the address of the router on this side of the link. Parameter Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link. Note: To add a Virtual Link, click the string (Add New Entry). The screen can be show as below.
Configuring BOOTP / DHCP Relay If a DHCP / BOOTP server is not located in the same subnet with a host, you can configure this switch to forward any host configuration queries to a server located on another subnet or on another network.
chapter 3.) Parameter Default IGMP 5 Router Timeout IGMP 5 Group Timeout Description A switch port that stops receiving multicast protocol packets for this interval will be removed from the IGMP forwarding list. Range: 3 - 5 minutes The time between last spotting an IGMP Report message for an IP multicast address on a specific port and the switch removing that entry from its list. Range: 3 - 5 minutes 3.6.6.3.
3.6.6.4.Static Route Configuration This switch can be configured to dynamically learn the routes to other IP networks, subnets or hosts using unicast or multicast routing protocols. If the route to a specific destination cannot be learned via these protocols, or you wish to restrict the path used for transmitting traffic to a destination, it can be statically configured using the Static Route Table.
and press Add. To delete a static route, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, and then press Delete. 3.6.6.5.Configuring the Default Route Defines the router to which this switch will forward all traffic for unknown networks. The default route can be learned from RIP protocol (chapter 3 “Configuring RIP”) or manually configured. If the switch does not contain a default route, any packet that does not match an entry in the routing table (chapter 3 “Routing Table”) will be dropped.
Note: To add a MAC address to the security filter, press Add. To delete an address, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry, and then press Delete. 3.6.7.2.Configuring IP Address Filters If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter. Any packet passing through the switch that has a source or destination IP address matching an entry in this table will be filtered.
3.7.Monitoring the Switch The Network Monitor Menu provides access to port statistics, address tables, STA information, VLANs registration and forwarding information, multicast groups, and subnet addresses. Each of the screens provided by these menus is described in the following sections. Menu Description Port Statistics Displays statistics on port traffic, including information from the Interfaces Group, Ethernet-like MIB, and RMON MIB. Layer 2 Address Contains the unicast address table.
3.7.1.1.Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics Port Statistics display key statistics from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet-like MIBs for each port. Error statistics on the traffic passing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch, such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading. The values displayed have accumulated since the last system reboot. Select the required port.
Out Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. Out Unicast Pkts. The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent. Out Non-Unicast The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be Pkts.
3.7.1.2.Displaying RMON Statistics Use the RMON Statistics screen to display key statistics for each port from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.) The following screen displays the overall statistics on traffic passing through each port. RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics, including a total count of different frame types and sizes passing through each port. Values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
Oversize Frames Fragments Jabbers Collisions 64 Byte Frames The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and contained either an FCS or alignment error.
3.7.3.Displaying Bridge Information The Bridge menu is used to display settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “Spanning Tree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Menu Description Spanning Tree Displays a full list of STA values used for the bridge. Bridge Information Spanning Tree Port Displays a list of STA values used for each port, including status, Information designated cost, designated bridge, and designated port. 3.7.3.1.
Forward Delay Hold Time Designated Root Root Cost Root Port Configuration Changes Topology Up Time The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., listening to learning to forwarding). The minimum interval between the transmission of consecutive Configuration BPDUs. The priority and MAC address of the device in the Spanning Tree that this switch has accepted as the root device. The path cost from the root port on this switch to the root device.
Status Designated Cost Designated Bridge (ID) Designated Port (ID) Displays current state of this port within the Spanning Tree: Disabled No link has been established on this port. Otherwise, the port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnostics. Blocking Port receives STA configuration messages, but does not forward packets. Listening Port will leave blocking state due to a topology change, start transmitting configuration messages, but does not yet forward packets.
3.7.4.2.VLAN Forwarding Information Shows all those ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. 3.7.5.IP Multicast Registration Table This table displays all the multicast groups active on the switch, including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs. Parameter VLAN Multicast IP Multicast Group Ports Learned By Description A VLAN with host members that have asked to receive the indicated multicast service.
Menu Description Subnet Information Displays all the IP subnets configured on this switch, as well as the corresponding VLANs and ports. ARP Table Shows the IP-to-MAC addresses discovered by ARP. Routing Table Shows the routes through which all recognized Ethernet networks (and the corresponding VLAN) can be reached. Multicast Table Displays all the multicast groups active on this switch, including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs.
MAC Address VLAN Port MAC address that maps to the corresponding IP address. The VLAN group to which this host has been assigned. The port this to which host device is attached. (Port “0” refers to an interface defined on this switch.) 3.7.6.3.Routing Table The Routing Table lists the routes through which all recognized Ethernet networks (and corresponding VLANs) can be reached. This table includes all routes learned through routing protocols or manual configuration.
3.7.6.4.Multicast Table You can use this menu to display all the multicast groups currently active on this switch, the IGMP cache, the multicast forwarding cache, and DVMRP routing information. Parameter Description IP Multicast Displays all active multicast groups, including the multicast IP Registration Table address and the corresponding VLANs. (See chapter 3 “IP Multicast Registration Table”.
V1 Timer The time remaining until the switch assumes that there are no longer any IGMP Version 1 members on the IP subnet attached to this interface. (The default is 400 seconds.) If the switch receives an IGMP Version 1 Membership Report, it sets a timer to note that there are Version 1 hosts present which are members of the group for which it heard the report. If there are Version 1 hosts present for a particular group, the switch will ignore any Leave Group messages that it receives for that group.
Subnet Mask Subnet mask that is used for the source address. This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. Upstream The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this Neighbor multicast delivery tree. Interface The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neighbor. (See chapter 3 “Displaying Subnet Information”.) Metric The metric for this interface used to calculate distance vectors. Up Time The time elapsed since this entry was created.
Parameter IP Address Router ID Designated Router Backup DR Description The IP address of this OSPF interface. Router ID for this router. The IP of the designated router. The designated router advertises the link state of the OSPF Area. The backup designated router. If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes its place. Status This interface’s status in this OSPF area. Events The number of events since the designated router was selected.
SN The link state sequence number, used to remove previous duplicate LSAs. Age The number of seconds since this LSA was originated. Displaying the Neighbor Table Each router exchanges link state information with all neighbors physically attached to the same network segment. This table displays a summary of the link state for all adjacent neighbors. (Note that neighboring routers are discovered by this device via Hello messages.
State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent information has been received from the neighbor, but that the router is attempting to contact the neighbor by sending Hello packets. Init: A Hello packet has recently been seen from the neighbor.
Parameter Area ID Router ID IP Address Option Description The transit area the virtual link must cross to connect the border routers. The OSPF identifier for the router at the other end of the link. IP address of the border router at the other end of the link. The optional OSPF capabilities supported by the neighbor. The neighbor's optional OSPF capabilities are also listed in its Hello packets. This enables received Hellos to be rejected (i.e.
State Events The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent information has been received from the neighbor, but that the router is attempting to contact the neighbor by sending Hello packets.
Parameter Description Reload Factory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults Apply Restarts the switch. Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. It will also retain all system information, unless you elect to reload the factory defaults.
4. Chapter 4: Advanced Topics This switch supports both Layer 2, which is based on physical device addresses, and Layer 3 switching, which is based on IP network addresses. These functions, along with other advanced features are described in this chapter. 4.1.Layer 2 Switching When a frame enters a port, its destination MAC address is checked in the address database to see which port leads to this destination. If the destination address belongs to the incoming port, the frame is dropped or “filtered.
associated with the pair in the address table is different from the receiving port, the switch modifies the PID in the address table. • Filtering—After learning the address, the switch checks: If the source or destination port is not in the forwarding state. (For example, if it is in blocking state or has been disabled.) - If the source or destination MAC address is to be filtered. If the source PID is the same as the destination PID.
IEEE 802.1D) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide link backup. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (including STA-compliant switches, bridges or routers) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. If redundant paths or loops are detected, one or more ports are put into a blocking state (stopped from forwarding packets) to eliminate the extra paths.
4.2.Layer 3 Switching The two major functions provided by a Layer 3 switch include IP Switching and Routing Path Management. When the switch is set to multilayer mode (chapter 2 ”Setting the System Operation Mode”), it acts as a routing switch, with support for standard IP routing and the ability to pass traffic between VLANs as required. However, when the switch is first set to multilayer mode, no default routing is defined.
support tagging, so you should set the PVID to the same value at both ends of the link (if the device you are attaching to is VLAN-aware), and configure an IP interface for this VLAN if you need to connect it to other groups. (See “VLAN Tagging” on chapter 2 and chapter 3.) This limitation will be removed for future firmware versions. 4.2.2.IP Switching IP Switching (or packet forwarding) encompasses tasks required to forward packets for both Layer 2 and Layer 3, as well as traditional routing.
After the MAC address is discovered, the packet is reformatted and sent out to the destination. The reformat process includes decreasing the Time-To-Live (TTL) field of the IP header, recalculating the IP header checksum, and replacing the destination MAC address with either the MAC address of the destination node or that of the next hop router.
arrive. Router Discovery messages do not constitute a routing protocol; they merely enable hosts to discover the existence of neighboring routers, but not which router provides a route to a particular destination. If a host chooses a poor first-hop router for a particular destination, it should receive an ICMP Redirect from that router, identifying a better one. 4.2.5.
with any updates to its routing table. This allows all routers on the network to learn consistent tables of next hop links which lead to relevant subnets. Just as Layer 2 switches use the Spanning Tree Algorithm to prevent loops, routers also use methods for preventing loops that would cause endless retransmission of data traffic. RIP utilizes the following three methods to prevent loops from occurring: • Split horizon—never propagate routes back to an interface port from which they have been acquired.
OSPFv2 is a compatible upgrade to OSPF. It involves enhancements to protocol message authentication, and the addition of a point-to-multipoint interface which allows OSPF to run over non-broadcast networks, as well as support for overlapping area ranges. Area Configuration – OSPF routers exchange information with other routers in their area to determine the shortest path to every destination. Each router in a common area should therefore have an identical map of their local network topology.
priority, or highest Router ID in case of a tie (chapter 2,3 “Configuring OSPF”). Area Border Router – An Area Border Router (ABR) must be configured between each area and the backbone. An ABR should be configured with an IP interface that connects directly to both the backbone and the area on which it borders (chapter 2,3 “Adding an IP Interface”). However, if an area is not physically connected to the backbone, you can configure a virtual link that crosses a neighboring area to reach the backbone.
four types of Link State Advertisements (LSA). Router LSAs advertise area links known by the originator, and are issued by all routers. Network LSAs advertise transit areas through which traffic can be passed to reach other areas in the system. Network LSAs contain information about all the routers that provide a link across the transit area, and are issued by Designated Routers.
routing. An IEEE 802.1Q VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment. VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups (such as e-mail), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as videoconferencing).
4.3.1.2.Port Overlapping Port overlapping can be used to allow access to commonly shared network resources among different VLAN groups, such as file servers or printers. Note that if you implement VLANs which do not overlap, but still need to communicate, you can connect them by setting this switch to multilayer mode, and assigning an IP interface address to the different VLANs. (See “Connecting VLAN Groups” on chapter 4.) 4.3.1.3.
4.3.3.Connecting VLAN Groups The switch supports communication within a common VLAN using store-and-forward switching. However, if you have devices in separate VLANs that need to communicate, and it is not practical to include these devices in a common VLAN, then the VLANs can be connected via the Layer 3 routing provided by this switch. Traditional routers use only physical port numbers in their routing tables, which provides no support for VLANs.
4.4.Multicast Filtering Multicasting sends data to a group of nodes instead of a single destination. The simplest way to implement multicasting is to broadcast data to all nodes on the network. However, such an approach wastes a great deal of bandwidth if the target group is small compared to the overall broadcast domain. Because applications such as videoconferencing and data sharing are now widely used, efficient multicasting has become vital.
between IP multicast routers / switches and IP multicast host groups to identify the IP multicast group members. It simply monitors the IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicast filters accordingly. IGMP Snooping generates no additional network traffic, and allows you to significantly reduce the multicast traffic passing through your switch. 4.4.2.
4.4.4.DVMRP Routing Protocol The Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) behaves somewhat similarly to RIP. A router supporting DVMRP periodically floods its attached networks to pass information about supported multicast services along to new routers and hosts. Routers that receive a DVMRP packet send a copy out to all paths (except the path back to the origin).
broadcasts a DHCP Request packet, looking for DHCP servers. DHCP servers respond to this packet with a DHCP Response packet. The client then chooses a server to obtain TCP / IP configuration information, such as its own IP address. Since DHCP uses a broadcast mechanism, a DHCP server and its client must physically reside on the same subnet.
4.7.2.User Name and Passwords This switch can also be accessed via a direct connection to the console port or through a network connection using Telnet or a Web browser. When managing the switch by any of these means, a user name and password is required to enter the system. The factory defaults include two sets of user names and passwords. One set has administrator rights, which allows you to view or modify system parameters.
required for basic remote monitoring. These groups include: Statistics: Includes all the tools needed to monitor your network for common errors and overall traffic rates. Information is provided on bandwidth utilization, peak utilization, packet types, errors and collisions, as well as the distribution of packet sizes. History: Can be used to create a record of network utilization, packet types, errors and collisions.
5. Appendix A: Troubleshooting 5.1.Troubleshooting Chart Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Cannot connect • Be sure you have configured the agent with a valid IP using Telnet, Web address, subnet mask and default gateway (Layer 2). browser, or SNMP • Check that you have a valid network connection to software the switch and that the port you are using has not been disabled. • Check network cabling between the management station and the switch.
POST Version V2.57 9/11/2001 ------ Power-On Self Test (POST)-----Int. Loopback Testing SCC2 UART Channel ... PASS Testing the System SDRAM .................. PASS Int. Loopback Testing ____ UART Channel ... PASS Int. Loopback Testing ____ UART Channel ... PASS CPU Self Test ............................. PASS Test Accessing Agent's Config EEPROM ...... PASS FlashROM CheckSum Test ....................
XModem Download to 0x00400020: ... SUCCESS ! (P)ermanent or (T)emporary Download: [P] Update RunTime Image at 0x03040000 ... ... SUCCESS ! Change to original Baud Rate and Press to Run Application !!! Decompress now............ !!! run-time code starting now. !!! Starting System... MAINBOARD OCTOPUS0 RAMBIST TEST......... PASS! MAINBOARD OCTOPUS1 RAMBIST TEST......... PASS! MAINBOARD OCTOPUS2 RAMBIST TEST......... PASS! MAINBOARD OCTOPUS3 RAMBIST TEST......... PASS! MAINBOARD DOLPHIN RAMBIST TEST...
6. Appendix B: Pin Assignments 6.1.Console Port Pin Assignments The DB-9 serial port on the switch’s rear panel is used to connect to the switch for out-of-band console configuration. The onboard menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal, a PC running a terminal emulation program, or from a remote location via a modem connection. The pin assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables. 6.1.1.
6.1.2.Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port 1 DCD 2 RXD 3 TXD 4 DTR 5 SGND 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 RI CCITT Signal PC’s 9-Pin COM Port ----------- DCD -----------<--------- TXD ---------------------- RXD ----------> ----------- DSR ----------> ----------- SGND -------------------- DTR ---------------------- CTS -----------> <--------- RTS ----------------------- RI --------------- 1 3 2 6 5 4 8 7 9 6.1.3.
7. Glossary 7.1.1.Bandwidth Utilization The historical percentage of packets received as compared to total bandwidth. 7.1.2.BOOTP Boot protocol used to load the operating system or configuration settings for devices connected to the network. 7.1.3.Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) A distance-vector-style routing protocol used for routing multicast datagrams through the Internet. DVMRP combines many of the features of RIP with Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB). 7.1.4.
pair of ICMP messages on multicast links. It eliminates the need to configure router addresses manually, and is independent of any specific routing protocol. 7.1.9.Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Commonly used to send echo messages (i.e., Ping) for monitoring purposes. 7.1.10.IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. 7.1.11.IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information.
7.1.18.Layer 3 Network layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This layer handles the routing functions for data moving from one open system to another. 7.1.19.Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. 7.1.20.Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains information about a specific device. 7.1.21.
including specific error types. 7.1.27.Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The RIP protocol seeks to find the shortest route to another device by minimizing the distance-vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost. RIP-2 is a compatible upgrade to RIP. It adds useful capabilities for subnet routing, authentication, and multicast transmissions. 7.1.28.
