20 30 40 50 GPS System 500 Technical Reference Manual Version 4.
System GPS500 Congratulations on your purchase of Leica System 500 To use equipment in the permitted manner, please refer to the detailed safety instructions in the User Manual. 2 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Technical Support Technical Support is provided by Leica Geosystem’s worldwide network of representatives. We are represented in almost every country in the world. A representative directory is available at: www.leica-geosystems.com Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Symbols used in this manual Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice as they enable the product to be used in a technically correct and efficient manner. Symbols used in this manual 4 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
View of chapters Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Contents 2.10 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Rover, All on Pole, direct clip of TR500 on to Sensor ....... 2.11 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Rover, All on Pole, TR500 and Sensor separated ............ 2.12 Equipment Setup - Real Time Rover, GIS Rover . 2.13 Equipment Setup - Repeater Station and Repeater Box ...................................................... 2.14 Using the Minipack ............................................ 2.15 Measuring Antenna Heights ............................... 1. Introduction ..
Contents, continued 7.1.6 Measuring procedure ......................................... 163 7.1.7 Using the ADD key ............................................ 166 5. Configuring the Receiver ........................ 86 5.1 Configuring the Receiver for Static and Rapid Static Operations .......................................................... 88 7.2 Post-processed Kinematic Survey (Rover) ......... 167 7.2.1 Overview of Procedure ...................................... 168 7.2.2 Adding the Point Id ....
Contents, continued 7.5 Real-Time Rover, Staking Out ............................ 208 9. The CONFIG Key ................................... 241 7.5.1 Entering Stakeout .............................................. 208 7.5.2 Stake-Out Types ................................................ 209 7.5.3 The Stake-Out Screen ....................................... 210 7.5.4 Orientation ......................................................... 211 7.5.5 Polar and Orthogonal ......................................
Contents, continued 10.7 Code Log Status .............................................. 10.8 Message Log Status ........................................ 10.9 Memory/Battery Status ..................................... 10.10 Sensor Status ................................................ 10.11 Software Version Status ................................. 10.12 Interfaces Status ............................................ 270 270 270 271 271 272 13.4 Antenna Info ................................................
Contents, continued RTB Module (CSI) ................................................... 352 RTS Module (Racal) ................................................ 354 SAPOS ................................................................... 356 Appendix E - NMEA Message Formats .... 325 GGA - Global Positioning System Fix Data ............... GGK - Real-Time Position with DOP ........................ GGK(PT) - Real-Time Position with DOP ................. GGQ - Real-Time Position with CQ ....................
1. Introduction System 500 is used to receive signals from GPS satellites which are then processed to obtain a position on the earth’s surface. It can be used in many applications, the main ones being Land Survey, Stakeout and Hydrographic Survey. The main components of System 500 are the GPS Antenna and GPS Receiver. Ancilliary components are the Terminal, Batteries, PC Cards and cables.
1.1 The GPS Antenna There are several System 500 GPS Antennas available. These are: • AT501 Single Frequency Antenna. • AT502 Dual Frequency Antenna. • AT503 Dual Frequency Choke Ring Antenna. • AT504 JPL Design Dual Frequency Choke Ring Antenna. • Single Frequency Choke Ring Antenna. The GPS Antenna is selected for use based upon the application. The vast majority of applications will require the AT501 or AT502 Antenna. The Choke Ring Antennas are designed for use where the utmost precision is required.
1.2 The GPS Receiver The GPS Receiver is the instrument that processes the GPS signals received by the GPS Antenna. There are six different models of GPS receiver in System 500. The model number is printed on the PC card lid. See the detailed descriptions of each of these receivers given down below. SR510 - Tracks the L1 C/A code and uses it to reconstruct the carrier phase. Data can be stored for postprocessing in SKI-Pro. Baselines can be calculated with a precision of up to about 5-10mm +2ppm.
MC500 - A ruggedized version of the SR530 designed specifically for Machine Control. Can also be utilised as a dedicated GPS Reference Station. Please refer to Appendix I for specific details. RS500 - A dedicated GPS Reference Sation receiver designed for permanent installation. Please refer to Appendix J for specific details. GS50 - This receiver has been specifically designed for GIS applications.
1.3 The TR500 Terminal The TR500 Terminal provides a full user interface to all System 500 GPS Receivers. It can be used to set parameters in the receiver and to steer the GPS measurement operation. The TR500 can be used to set and store parameters in one GPS receiver and then removed and used to set parameters in another System 500 receiver. The receiver can then be used in the field without the TR500 attached.
1.4 Data Storage Data is stored on either an Internal Memory or PC Card. The PC Card is the preferred data storage medium. The Internal Memory is an option. The PC Card is inserted into the slot on the front of the GPS Receiver. PC Cards are available from Leica with varying capacities. Note that whilst other PC Cards may be used, Leica recommend Leica PC cards only and cannot be held responsible for data loss or any other error that may occur whilst using a non-Leica card.
PC Card versus Internal Memory The PC Card is the preferred data storage medium as it has the following advantages over internal memory: • Faster download times. A PC Card download using a PC Card Reader or PCMCIA port is virtually instantaneous. Internal memory has to download through a serial connection and can take time. Using an Internal Memory means however that the data has less chance of being misplaced or lost. This can happen when multiple PC Cards are used for the same project.
1.5 Batteries/Power Supply Connecting a GEB121 Battery Removing a GEB121 Battery With the Receiver upside down and the Leica logo on the battery facing you, locate one end into the battery bay. Press the opposite end of the battery down until it audibly clicks into place. Pull and hold the battery catch. Withdraw the battery with the other hand. System 500 will normally be powered by two GEB121 camcorder type batteries. which plug into the underside of the GPS receiver.
1.5.1 Charging the Batteries GEB121 Batteries Chargers GEB121 Batteries can be charged using the GKL122 or GKL111 battery chargers. The preferred model is the GKL122. The GKL122 is an intelligent charger. It will charge the batteries by the exact amount required. This maximizes battery life. The GKL122 can charge up to 2 GEB121 batteries at once. The GDI121 extension plate enables a further two batteries to be charged from the same charger at the same time.
2. Equipment Set Up and Connection The type of equipment set up that is used will vary with the type of site occupation and the measuring mode. This also applies to the way in which the various components are connected together. There are optimal solutions for setting up the equipment on a tripod, in a backpack and on the pole. Set up on Tripod Set up on Unipole Set up on pole with Minipack 2. Set-up and Connection 20 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
2.1 GPS Receiver ports All other components of System 500 connect to the GPS Receiver. 12 The TR500 Terminal fits either directly on the Receiver or can be connected to the Terminal port using a cable. 1 External power can be connected via a cable through Port 2. ON OFF 2 A Radio Modem in a housing can also be fitted directly to the Receiver. Alternatively, if the housing is not being used, the radio modem can be connected to Port 1 or Port 3 using a cable.
2.2 Equipment Setup - Post Processed Static/Rapid Static/Reference on Pillar Use Static/Rapid Static operations or as Reference for Kinematic. The Receiver and TR500 (if used) can be assembled to make one unit. One connection is made to the GPS Antenna which is mounted on the Pillar. The Receiver and TR500 can be kept in the case. Note that the Receiver can be programmed with the TR500 prior to use which can then be omitted from the set up. Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501, 502, 503, 504 or 505 2. GRT146 Carrier 3. GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach 4. Pillar Plate (if required) 5. GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable 6. 2, GEB121 Batteries 7. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver 8. TR500 Terminal (if required) 9. MCF XMB-3 PC Flash Card. 10. GVP602 System 500 Transport Case. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 23 2.
Procedure 1. If a pillar plate is being used, locate it on the pillar. 2. Screw the tribrach to the pillar plate or the pillar. Level the tribrach. 3. Place and lock the GRT146 Carrier in the Tribrach. 4. Screw the Antenna onto the Carrier. 5. Check that the Tribrach is still level. 6. Connect the GPS Receiver to the Antenna using the GEV120 Antenna cable. 7. Plug the GEB121 batteries into the GPS Receiver. 8. Attach the TR500 Terminal to the Receiver if required. 9.
2.3 Equipment Setup - Post Processed Static/Rapid Static/Reference on Tripod Use Static/Rapid Static operations or as Reference for Kinematic. The Receiver and TR500 (if used) can be assembled to make one unit. This clips to the tripod leg or is placed in the transport container. One connection is made to the Antenna. Note that the Receiver can be programmed with the TR500 prior to use which can then be omitted from the set up. Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
Equipment Checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. GPS Antenna AT501 or AT502 GRT146 Carrier GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach GST20, GST05 or GST05L Tripod 5. GZS4 Height Hook 6. GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable 7. 2, GEB121 Batteries 8. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver 9. TR500 Terminal (if required) 10.MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA Flash Card. 11.GVP602 System 500 Transport Case. 2. Set-up and Connection 26 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Procedure 1. Set up the tripod. 2. Mount and level the tribrach on the tripod. 3. Place and lock the GRT146 Carrier in the Tribrach. 4. Screw the Antenna onto the Carrier. 5. Check that the Tribrach is still level. 5. Insert the Height Hook into the Carrier. 6. Connect the GPS Receiver to the Antenna using the GEV120 Antenna cable. 7. Plug the GEB121 batteries into the GPS Receiver. 8. Attach the TR500 Terminal to the Receiver if required. 9. Insert the PCMCIA Flash Card into the Receiver. 10.
2.4 Equipment Setup - Post Processed Kinematic, Minipack and Pole Use Post Processed Kinematic Rover. The Receiver is placed in the Minipack. Connections are made to the Antenna and TR500. Recommended for extended periods of use in the field. Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting. If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may vary slightly. 2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any change to these instructions. 2.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS21 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT27 Holder for TR500 5. GLS20 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable 7. GEV142 1.6m Antenna cable 8. TR500 Terminal 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Receiver 11. GVP603 Minipack 12. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card 13. GEV97 1.8m, 5pin Lemo cable Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 29 2.
How to set up the equipment 1. Screw the two halves of the pole together. 2. Slide the grip onto the pole. Attach the TR500 holder and tighten the screw. 3. Screw the GPS Antenna to the top of the pole. 4. Slide the TR500 into the holder until it clicks into place. 5. Insert the PC Card into the Receiver and plug in the GEB121 batteries. 6. Place the Receiver front panel up in the Minipack with the batteries facing outwards. Fasten the strap around the Receiver 7.
The Next Steps If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 7. If the Receiver requires programming with the TR500, further guidance is available in Chapter 5. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Ensure a dry plastic weather protection cap is fitted to the socket on the TR500 that is not connected to the sensor.
2.5 Equipment Setup - Post Processed Kinematic, All on Pole, Direct Clip of TR500 on to Sensor Use Post-processed Kinematic Rover. The TR500 is mounted on the Receiver which is screwed onto the pole grip. One connection is made from the Receiver to the Antenna. Recommended for short periods of use, especially where there are many obstacles (fences etc.). Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting. If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may vary slightly. 2.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS18 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT26 Holder for GPS Receiver 5. GLS17 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable 7. 2, GEB121 Batteries 8. TR500 Terminal 9. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Receiver 10. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 33 2.
How to set up the equipment 1. Screw the two halves of the pole together. 2. Slide the grip onto the pole. Attach the GPS Receiver holder and tighten the screw. 3. Screw the GPS Antenna onto the top of the pole. 4. Attach the TR500 to the GPS Receiver. Screw the GPS Receiver to the GPS Receiver holder. 5. Insert the PC Card into the Receiver and plug in the GEB121 batteries. 6. Connect the GPS Antenna to the Receiver using the 1.2m antenna cable. 7. Switch on the system using the ON/OFF button on the TR500.
2.6 Equipment Setup - Post Processed Kinematic, All on Pole, TR500 and Sensor separated Use Post-processed Kinematic Rover. The TR500 is fixed to the pole grip with a holder. With another metallic holder and a holder piece, the receiver is fixed to the pole. One connection is made from the Receiver to the Antenna. Another connection is made from the Receiver to the TR500. Recommended for short periods of use, especially where there are many obstacles (fences etc.). Assumptions 1.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS18 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT27 Holder for TR500 5. GLS17 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GHT37 Holder piece for GPS Receiver with antenna cable and 5pin Lemo cable 7. GHT26 Holder for GPS Receiver 8. TR500 Terminal 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Receiver 11. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card 1 2 9 4 L 5 10 11 7 2. Set-up and Connection 8 3 36 6 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
How to set up the equipment 1. Screw the two halves of the pole together. 2. Slide the grip onto the pole. Attach the TR500 holder to the grip and tighten the screw. 3. Slide the holder piece for the GPS Receiver onto the pole. Attach the GPS Receiver holder and tighten the screw. 4. Screw the GPS Antenna onto the top of the pole. 5. Slide the TR500 into the holder until it clicks into place. 6. Screw the GPS Receiver to the GPS Receiver holder. 7.
2.7 Equipment Setup - Real Time Reference, single tripod Use Real Time Reference Station. May also collect raw observation data for post-processing. The Receiver and TR500 (if used) can be assembled to make one unit. This clips to the tripod leg. Connections are made to the GPS and Radio Antenna. Note that the Receiver can be programmed with the TR500 prior to use which can then be omitted from the set up. The Radio Antenna is mounted on the Antenna Arm which clips to the GPS Antenna.
Equipment Checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. GPS Antenna AT501, 502 GRT146 Carrier GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver TR500 Terminal (if required) GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable GST20/GST05/05L Tripod GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna GAD33 Radio Antenna Arm GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable GZS4 Height Hook Radio Modem in GFU 5/6 Housing 13. MCF XMB-3 PC card 14. 2, GEB121 Batteries 15. GVP602 Transport Case Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en ;; @@ @@ ;; 39 2.
How to set up the equipment The Next Steps Follow steps 1-10 as described in section 2.3. If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is not being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 3. 11. Clip the Antenna Arm to the GPS Antenna. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the Arm. 12. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 13. Connect the Radio Antenna to the Radio Modem using the 1.2m Antenna Cable. 14. Switch the System On using the On/Off button on the Receiver.
2.8 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Reference, Two Tripods Use The Receiver and TR500 (if used) can be assembled to make one unit. This clips to the tripod leg. Connections are made to the GPS and Radio Antenna. Note that the Receiver can be programmed with the TR500 prior to use which can then be omitted from the set up. The Radio Antenna is mounted on the second tripod. This increases the height of the Radio Antenna and therefore maximizes radio coverage.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501/502 2. GRT146 Carrier 3. GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach 4. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver 5. TR500 Terminal (if required) 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable 7. GST20\GST05\05L Tripod 8. GZS4 Height Hook 9. Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Housing 10. MCF XMB-3 PC Card 11. GEB121 Batteries 12. GST20\GST05\05L Tripod 13. GHT36 Base for Telescopic Rod 14. GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable 15. GAT1\GAT2 Radio Antenna 16. GAD34 Short Antenna Arm 17. GAD32 Telescopic Rod 18. GVP602 Transport Case 2.
How to set up the equipment The Next Steps Follow steps 1-10 as described in section 2.3. If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is not being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 3. 11. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 12. Set up the second Tripod nearby. Screw the Base onto the Tripod. Push the Telescopic Rod into the Base. 13. Screw the Short Antenna Arm onto the telescopic Rod. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the Arm. 14.
2.9 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Rover, Pole and Minipack Use The Radio Modem attaches to the Receiver and is placed in the Minipack. Connections are made to the GPS Antenna, Radio Antenna and TR500. Recommended for extended periods of use in the field. The cables coming from the Minipack can be disconnected in the event that an obstacle (E.g. a fence) has to be crossed. Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting. If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may vary slightly. 2.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS21 Upper half aluminium pole with screw or stub 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT27 Holder for TR500 5. GLS20 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable 7. GEV142 1.6m Antenna cable 8. TR500 Terminal 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Receiver 11. Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Housing 12. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card 13. GEV97 1.8m, 5pin Lemo cable 14. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable 15. GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna 16. GAD34 Small Antenna Arm 17.
How to set up the equipment Follow steps 1-5 as described in section 2.4. 6. Attach the Radio Modem Housing containing the Radio Modem to the GPS Receiver. 7. Place the GPS Receiver front panel up in the Minipack with the batteries facing outwards. Fasten the strap around the Receiver (refer to diagram) 8. Push the Telescopic Rod through the slit in the top of the Minipack. Ensure it is located in the sleeve inside the Minipack and push it all the way to the bottom.
The Next Steps If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 7. If the Receiver requires programming with the TR500, further guidance is available in Chapter 5. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Ensure a dry plastic weather protection cap is fitted to the socket on the TR500 that is not connected to the sensor.
2.10 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Rover, All on Pole, direct clip of TR500 on to Sensor Use The TR500 is mounted on the Receiver which is clipped to the grip. Connections are made from the Receiver to the GPS and Radio Antennas. Recommended for short periods of use, especially where there are many obstacles (fences etc.). Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting. If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may vary slightly. 2. Aluminium poles are used.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS21 Upper half aluminium pole with screw or stub 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT27 Holder for GPS Receiver 5. GLS17 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna 7. GAD33 Antenna Arm 8. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. TR500 Terminal 11. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver 12. Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Housing 13. MCF XMB-3 PC Card 14. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en ;; @@ @@ ;; 49 2.
How to set up the equipment The Next Steps Follow steps 1-6 described in section 2.5. If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 7. 7. Clip the Antenna Arm to the GPS Antenna. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the Arm. 8. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 9. Connect the Radio Antenna to the Radio Modem using a 1.2m Antenna Cable. 10. Switch the System ON using the ON/OFF key on the Terminal. 2.
2.11 Equipment Setup - Real-Time Rover, All on Pole, TR500 and Sensor separated Use The TR500 is fixed to the pole grip with a holder. With another metallic holder and a holder piece, the receiver is fixed to the pole. The Radio Modem plus radio antenna attaches to the Receiver. One connection is made from the Receiver to the Antenna. Another connection is made from the Receiver to the TR500. Recommended for short periods of use, especially where there are many obstacles (fences etc.). Assumptions 1.
Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 502 2. GLS18 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole 4. GHT27 Holder for TR500 5. GLS17 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GHT37 Holder piece for GPS Receiver with antenna cable and 5pin Lemo cable 7. GHT26 Holder for GPS Receiver 8. TR500 Terminal 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Receiver 11. GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna 12. Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Housing 13. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card 2.
How to set up the equipment The Next Steps Follow steps 1-9 described in section 2.6. If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 7. 10. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 11. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the housing. 12. Switch on the system using the ON/OFF button on the TR500. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If the Receiver requires programming with the TR500, further guidance is available in Chapter 5.
2.12 Equipment Setup - Real Time Rover, GIS Rover Use The TR500 is held in the hand with the hand pouch. Connections are made from the Receiver to the GPS (or if being used the combined GPS/DGPS antenna). Recommended for long periods of use, for mainly GIS type data collection surveys. The setup described in the following pages assumes an RTB or RTS module is being used (see also Appendix K for further information on GIS applications).
Equipment Checklist 1. Combined RTB (or RTS)/GPS antenna 2. GAD32 Telescopic Rod 3. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable 4. RTB (or RTS) differential receiver module 5. 0.3m GPS receiver to RTB (or RTS) module cable 6. MCF XMB-3 PC Card 7. GEV97 1.8m, 5pin Lemo cable 8. TR500 Terminal 9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 10. GS50 GPS Receiver 11. Handstrap with beltclip for TR500 Terminal 12. GVP603 Minipack 1 2 L 8 3 9 11 12 7 4 10 5 6 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 55 L 2.
How to set up the equipment 1. Insert the PC Card into the Receiver and plug in the GEB121 batteries. 2. Place the Receiver front panel up in the Minipack with the batteries facing outwards. Fasten the strap around the Receiver 3. Connect the RTB/GPS Antenna to the Receiver using the Antenna cables. Connect the cable to the RTB/RTS module and route the cable around the bottom of the Receiver and up to to the GPS antenna. Refer to the diagram. 4.
The Next Steps If the Receiver has been pre-programmed and the TR500 is being used, further guidance is available in Chapter 7. If the Receiver requires programming with the TR500, further guidance is available in Chapter 5. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Ensure a dry plastic weather protection cap is fitted to the socket on the TR500 that is not connected to the sensor. Advice on using the Minipack is given in Section 2.14.
2.13 Equipment Setup - Repeater Station and Repeater Box Use The repeater box attaches to a tripod and the radio modem to the repeater box. An external battery also attaches to the tripod. The Radio Antenna is mounted on the tripod. One connection is made from the battery to the repeater box. Another connection is made from the radio to the radio antenna. For more information on repeaters and the repeater box see Appendix H. Assumptions 1. A RTK reference is set up, pre-programmed according to chapter 5.
Equipment Checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. GAT1\GAT2 Radio Antenna GAD34 Short Antenna Arm GAD32 Telescopic Rod GHT36 Base for Telescopic Rod GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Housing 7. GHT38 Repeater Box 8. 1.8 m Connection cable for external battery 9. GEB71 Battery 10. GST20\GST05\05L Tripod Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1 5 6 7 8 59 2 3 4 9 10 2.
How to set up the equipment 1. Set up the tripod. 2. Screw the Base for the Telescopic Rod onto the Tripod. Push the Telescopic Rod into the Base. 3. Screw the Short Antenna Arm onto the Telescopic Rod. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the Arm. 4. Connect the Radio Modem to the Repeater Box. Attach the Repeater Box to the tripod. 5. Connect the Radio Modem to the Radio Antenna using the 2.8m Antenna Cable. 6. Connect the Repeater Box to the GEB71 battery. 2.
2.14 Using the Minipack The Minipack has several features which may not be readily apparent at first. These features help to make using System 500 more comfortable. 1. Antenna Pole Strap Ensures the Antenna Pole does not sway around and remains as upright as possible. 2. Hip Belt The Hip Belt transfers most of the weight from the shoulders to the hips when properly adjusted. It also contains velcro attachments through which cables can be passed.
3. Internal Net Pouch The Backpack has an internal net pouch designed for carrying an AT501 or AT502 Antenna when not in use. It can also be used for storing coiled cables or carrying a nonstandard radio modem. 4. Using the Minipack in high temperatures In high temperatures it is desirable to increase air flow around the Receiver. Therefore the backpack can be kept half or even fully open when in use. Open the Minipack halfway. Tuck the flap inside. Secure it with the velcro pad.
2.15 Measuring Antenna Heights The height of the GPS Antenna above the point consists of several components - the Height Reading, the Vertical Offset and the Phase Center Eccentricities. When a standard System 500 Antenna mounted on standard System 500 accessories is selected, the only measurement you will have to input is the Vertical Height (shown as VR in the following section). When a pole is used, even this value is automatically suggested by the Receiver as 2.00m (the height of the System 500 pole).
2.15.1 Mechanical Reference Planes The Mechanical Reference Plane or datum to which the Antenna Height is measured and from which the Phase Center Eccentricities are calculated is shown for each Leica System 500 Antenna. AT504 0.1897m AT501 and AT502 0.0345m MRP The Mechanical Reference Plane is the underside of the threaded metal insert. AT503 MRP MRP The Mechanical Reference Plane is the underside of the Preamplifier Housing.
2.15.2 Antenna Height components 1. Pillar Setup MRP VE1 VE2 VO VR VE1 VE2 MRP Vertical Offset Vertical Height Reading Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 Mechanical Reference Plane VO=0 Although an AT501/502 Antenna is shown, the same principles apply to the AT504 and AT303. VR The Vertical Height (VR) value is measured from the pillar benchmark to the Mechanical Reference Plane of the Antenna.
Pillar Setup II - Carrier and Adapter dimensions GRT44 Carrier with GAD31 Stub to Screw Adapter 2. Set-up and Connection 109 36.5 145.5 99.7 36.5 145.5 9.3 All dimensions are shown in millimeters and may be required when determining the Vertical Height Reading on a pillar or other nonstandard setup.
2. Tripod Setup MRP VO VR VE1 VE2 MRP Vertical Offset Vertical Height Reading Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 Mechanical Reference Plane VE1 VE2 VO Although an AT501/502 Antenna is shown, the same principles apply to the AT504 and AT303. The Vertical Height Reading (VR) value is measured using the Height Hook. VR The Vertical Offset (VO) value is stored in the Antenna Setup record and for a Tripod Setup with the Height Hook as shown is 0.36m.
3. Pole Setup MRP VO VR VE1 VE2 MRP Vertical Offset Vertical Height Reading Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 Mechanical Reference Plane VE1 VE2 VO = 0 VR Although an AT501/502 Antenna is shown, the same principles apply to the AT504 and AT303. The Vertical Height Reading (VR) value fixed at the height of the pole. With a standard Leica System 500 pole this is 2.0m. There are two System 500 upper pole halves.
2.15.3 Measuring Slope Heights HO VE2 VE1 MRP -VO VO HO SR VE1 VE2 MRP Vertical Offset Horizontal Offset Slope Height Reading Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 Mechanical Reference Plane If you are using the Slope Height Reading the antenna height is calculated as follows: SR Antenna Height = √( √(SR² - HO²) ± VO If the Offset Point on the antenna is above the Mechanical Reference Plane MRP, the Vertical Offset VO is negative.
3. Using System 500 without a Terminal The SR510, 520 and 530 receivers can be used without the TR500 attached. Applications and set ups most suited to this type of configuration are Reference Stations for Post-Processing and Real-Time and Static/Rapid Static measurements. The receiver can be programmed in the office using the TR500. This greatly reduces the knowledge required to operate the instrument in the field. Full instructions on how to program the receiver are given in Chapter 5. 3.
3.1 Setting up the Equipment 3.2 Operation 3.3 Shut Down The Receiver and Antenna will usually be mounted on a tripod or pillar. Refer to Chapter 2 for details of equipment set up and connections. Once the equipment is set up, switch it on using the ON/OFF switch on the Receiver. To shut down the equipment press and hold the ON/OFF button for 3 seconds. The LED indicators will not be lit when the equipment is switched off. Measure the Antenna Height using the Height Hook. Note this value down.
3.4 LED Indicators 3.4.2 Satellite Status LED 3.4.1 Power LED Every System 500 Receiver has three LED indicators that inform the operator of basic Receiver status. The LED indicators are located at the top of the Receiver and are only visible when the TR500 Terminal is not attached.
3.5 Field Record Sheet 3.4.3 Memory Status LED Memory Status LED off - Memory Device not available (PC Card not inserted or Internal Memory not fitted). Memory Status LED red Memory full on selected device Field Record - Static/Rapid Static Survey point Operator Name: Start time (Local): Stop Time (Local): Point ID: Memory Status LED Green Memory capacity OK on selected device Antenna Height: Receiver Serial No.
4. TR500 Terminal Overview The TR500 Terminal performs three main functions: 1. Program the GPS Receiver 2. Enable input of information to the GPS Receiver 3. Display information from the GPS Receiver The Terminal must be connected to the GPS Receiver to function. It can be connected using a cable or mounted directly onto the receiver. Once connected, the Terminal and Receiver can be switched on using the ON/ OFF key on the Terminal.
4.1 Screen Layout When activated for the first time, the Terminal runs through several boot up screens and then the Main Menu appears. Status Icons Directory Bar The basic layout consists of a row of status icons over a main display area with a row of six softkeys (F1-F6) at the bottom. The Status Icons provide information related to basic Receiver functions. The Directory Bar gives your location within the menu structure.
On certain screens a shift symbol will appear in the bottom right corner above the softkey. It indicates that further choices are available on the softkeys. At this time, the shift key appears so: When it is pressed, it appears so: Pressing it again will toggle back to the original softkeys. When a function is being carried out that will take a significant amount of time, the hourglass symbol (shown below) will appear. This indicates that the system is busy. 4.
4.2 Status Icons Accuracy Status High Precision Navigation (cm level) Accuracy No. visible Status Satellites Battery GSM Status Status Position No. Satellites Memory Local Mode used on L1/L2 Status Time Radio Observation Auto Position Status Recording Recording Status Status Precision Navigation (0.5 - 5m level) Navigation (<100m) When no position is available, no icon is shown.
Position Mode Static - the GPS Antenna should be held stationary. Moving - The GPS Antenna may move. The Position Mode is governed by the type of operation defined in the Configuration. 4. TR500 Terminal Overview No. Visible Satellites No. Satellites used on L1/L2 The number of theoretically visible satellites according to the current almanac are displayed. When an Accuracy Status icon is displayed the number of satellites currently used for the position computation are shown.
Radio Status Radio Transmitting (blinks) Memory Status GSM Status The GSM phone is connected to the network. Radio Receiving (blinks) If two radio modems are being used simultaneaously, the icon will alternate between each modem. Internal Memory selected PC-Card selected If this icon blinks, the GSM phone is either trying to connect to or disconnect from the network. Safe to remove PC-Card Memory level Indicator. Has 12 levels between: Memory Empty and Memory Full Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Observation Recording Status The Receiver is recording raw GPS observations in Stationary mode. The Receiver should be held stationary. The Receiver is recording raw GPS observations in Moving mode. The Receiver may move. 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Auto Position Recording Status Local Time Will appear when Auto Position Recording has been activated in the Configuration Set. The local date can be set to display either 12 or 24 hour clock. Positions are being recorded according to distance.
Battery Status Battery Voltage OK Battery supplying 2/3 peak voltage Due to the discharge characteristics of the batteries, the lengths of time between the four voltage level icons may not be consistent. The voltage level will decrease more quickly the lower it gets. Battery supplying 1/3 peak voltage Battery empty The battery being used is denoted by the letter next to it. A and B are the plug-in camcorder batteries, E is the external battery.
4.3 Keyboard Use the Shift key when the Shift symbol is displayed to reveal further choices on the softkeys F1-F6. The Terminal keyboard is a QWERTY layout designed for use in temperture extremes and also for gloved hands if necessary. Use the CONFIG key to enter the Configuration menus at any time. The six keys F1-F6 at the top of the keyboard correspond to the six softkeys that appear on the screen when the Terminal is activated.
4.4 General Operating Principles There are several conventions used in the user interface of System 500. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1. Function Keys F1-F6 function keys appear below six bars on the screen. These bars will appear with commands in them on each screen. To execute the command, press the corresponding function key. 83 2. Entering Data At times you will have to enter Point Ids, Names etc. Enter the data using the keyboard and press the Enter key.
3. Selecting items from list boxes At times you will have to select an item from a list box. This could be a point Id, Job, code etc. There are two types of list boxes. Working Example Application - Entering a special character. Technique - N/A Requirement - You need to enter the Job name “Cézanne”. All the characters are contained on the keyboard except “é”. Field Procedure - The “C” is entered. To select the “é”, press F1. The function keys will then change as follows: Press F3 to select the “é”. 4.
match what you type will be automatically highlighted. This is case sensitive. Alternatively you can move down the list item by item using the cursor keys. Alternatively you can move down the list item by item using the cursor keys. Press the right or left cursor key to cycle through the choices or press ENTER to make the drop down box appear. Pressing Shift will reveal HOME (F2), END (F3), PG UP (F4) (Page Up) and PG DN (F5) (Page Down) keys. You may also use these keys to scroll up and down the list.
5. Configuring the Receiver The receiver has numerous parameters and functions which can be configured by the user. Different Configuration Sets are used for different measuring techniques. Several default Configuration Sets are programmed into the receiver before delivery. These default files should cover the majority of applications. However, you also have the opportunity to define your own Configuration Sets.
The following screen will appear the first time you switch on. The following screen will appear: Pressing INFO (F5) toggles between the date of creation, creator and description of the Configuration Sets. Entering a new Configuration Set After NEW (F2) has been selected, the following screen will appear. The most frequently used functions are displayed. Use SHOW/HIDE (F4) to reveal/hide all of the functions.
5.1 Configuring the Receiver for Static and Rapid Static Operations This section covers configuration of the receiver for post-processed Static, Rapid Static or Kinematic Reference operations. Highlight the Configuration Set you wish to edit and press EDIT (F3). Note that you cannot edit default Configuration Sets. You have to create a new Set and then edit it. Operation Mode Select the Operation Mode that you require. The Operation Mode defines which Configuration screens will be available to you.
Antenna Select the Antenna configuration that you are using. Ant. Name - Displays and selects the currently selected antenna setup. Vert Offset - Displays the vertical offset defined in the Antenna setup (Ant Name). Deflt Hgt - Displays a default height for the Antenna setup. This is of little use for Static or Rapid Static applications where the Antenna height differs with each setup. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Meas Type - Also, enter the means by which the Antenna height was measured.
Note that factory default antenna setups contain an elevation dependent correction model. This is not seen by the user. When setting up your own configuration with the Receiver, this model is not taken over. This model is required for real-time rover operations. If you need to input your own antenna setup and it requires an antenna correction model, use SKI Pro to configure the antenna setup and transfer it to the Receiver.
systems in the field using Applications\Determine Coord System (see section 11.1). (F4) to delete the selected coordinate system and INFO (F5) to reveal the type of transformation used. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.1.1 for details. When NEW (F2) is pressed, the following screen appears. When using EDIT (F3) the same descriptions apply. Press CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\Position screen.
Formats Defined by - Defines the components used to calculate the DOP. The definitions of the DOP are as follows: Height - VDOP Pos - HDOP Pos + Hgt - PDOP Pos + Hgt + Time - GDOP You can configure the way in which information is presented when surveying. Format Grid - The format of grid coordinates if they are being used. OCUPY Counter - Defines how the length of time spent occupying a point is displayed. Select from Time normal time or Observations - the number of observations recorded.
Real-Time For Static or Rapid Static postprocessing operations select None and press CONT (F1). Logging Log Moving Obs - Only available when Log Static Obs = YES. Sets the observation rate when the receiver is in Moving mode. This is only used in Real-Time kinematic and Post-Processed kinematic operations. Log Static Obs - Switches logging on or off when the Receiver is in Static mode. The receiver has to be stationary. Obs Rate - The rate at which observations will be logged.
Occupation Settings These settings control the way in which points are occupied and recorded. Auto Store - Allows you to automatically store a point after the STOP key has been pressed. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.1.1 for details. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.1.1 for details. OCUPY Mode - Sets the way in which coordinates will be recorded for a point.
5.1.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Static and Rapid Static The Advanced Mode contains extra configurable parameters that may be required for certain specialized applications. Position In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, details about the chosen coordinate system are given. Select Advanced in CONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ from those seen in Standard Mode are described here. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Occupation Settings Additional functionality available in this panel over Standard mode is Auto OCUPY, Auto Stop, STOP PPRC and END Survey. Logging In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, you can also specify the observables to be recorded and access further functionality via the FILES (F6) key. Observables - Defines what is recorded in the raw GPS data. Extended records extra observables including the Doppler observable.
STOP P-PRC - Defines the method used for Auto Stop when Auto Stop is set to YES. When Auto Stop is set to NO a percentage value will be displayed next to the Time or Epochs in the Main Survey screen. This indicates how much of the Auto Stop criteria has elapsed. The Auto Stop criteria is defined using the P-PRC (F5) key (see below). END Survey - Defines how the survey will be ended. Manual lets you exit the survey yourself. Automatic will exit the survey automatically.
Working Example Application - Post Processed Rapid Static Observation Recording Technique - Rapid Static Requirement - You wish to view the Stop and Go Indicator on the Main Survey screen but do not want to automatically stop the survey. Settings - Id Templates Id Templates are not normally of use for Static, Rapid Static or Kinematic Reference Stations and should be set to No Template Used.
5.2 Configuring the Receiver for Post-Processed Kinematic Operations This section covers configuration of the receiver for Post-Processed Kinematic operations. Operation Mode Select the Operation Mode that you require. The Operation Mode defines which Configuration screens will be available to you. You may choose between Standard and Advanced. Standard is recommended for most users. Advanced enables definition of parameters required for specialized applications.
Antenna Select the Antenna configuration that you are using. Meas Type - Also, enter the means by which the Antenna height was measured. For kinematic measurements using a pole, this will be Vertical. To select an antenna setup, highlight Ant. Name and press ENTER to open the drop down box. All of the existing antenna configurations are listed. Advice on calculating Antenna Heights and offsets for Leica and non-Leica Antennas is given in Chapter 2.15. Ant.
Use ALL (F5) to reveal System 300 antenna configurations also. You can pick out the antenna configurations that you will use the most and delete the rest. All possible antenna configurations may still be accessed in the future by using the DEFLT and ALL keys. Position This screen defines the way in which position is displayed. These settings are mostly used for Real-Time Rover setups. Update Rate - Defines the rate at which the position will be updated on the display.
When NEW (F2) is pressed, the following screen appears. Formats It will display a Dilution of Precision according to the components defined. Defined by - Defines the components used to calculate the DOP. The definitions of the DOP are as follows: Coord Sys - Defines the name of the new coordinate system. Further information about Coordinate Systems is given in Chapter 11. When you have set the parameters press CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\Position screen.
Coding If you wish to select a coding system press ENTER and choose from Thematical or Free coding. Complete descriptions of the coding systems used by System 500 are given in Chapter 8. Real-Time For Static or Rapid Static postprocessing operations select None and press CONT (F1). Press CODES (F3) to review the codes in the chosen codelist. You may also edit the codelist here. Logging Log Static Obs - Switches logging on or off when the Receiver is in Static mode. The receiver has to be stationary.
Log Moving Obs - Only available when Log Static Obs = YES. Activates observation recording when the receiver is in moving mode. The rate is set in Obs Rate. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.2.1 for details. Occupation Settings These settings control the way in which points are occupied and recorded. Static Init - Sets whether a Static Initialization will be performed at the beginning of a kinematic chain. When using the SR510 set this option to YES.
key is pressed. During postprocessing, A coordinate will be interpolated between the positions at the neighboring two epochs. Normal OCUPY Button Pressed STOP Button Pressed Time in Epochs For post-processed kinematic surveys, it is possible to use either of the settings. Auto Store - Allows you to automatically store a point after the STOP key has been pressed. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.2.1 for details.
Id Templates An Id template is used to pre-define a Point Id. This feature is mainly used in post-processed kinematic and realtime kinematic operations where many points are collected quickly. When set up correctly it will save you having to type in the Point Id at each point. OCUPY Pts - Displays the Id template selected for use with manually recorded points. Auto Log Pos - Displays the Id template selected for use with automatically recorded points. 5.
To define your own Id Template press NEW (F2). Pt Id. Mode - Is the Mode how the Pt Template will be used. If you select Remain Running and you enter a different Point Id manually in the Survey panel the new Point Id will be used as the new Id Template. The following Point Id’s will then be based on this new Template. If you select Change to Indiv. and then enter a Point Id manually in the Survey panel the Point Id will return to the Id Template as it is defined. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Working Example 1 Requirement - You are completing a survey where you will require many different point IDs. Most point IDs will need an incrementing number behind the text. The first points you measure will need the point ID “Bolt ###”. Settings - In CONFIG\ OCUPY Pts set up a point ID template as shown here. Note that the Id type is set to “Remain Running”.
Working Example 1 (cont) Field Proc (cont) - You now wish to survey points with the Id “Road####” starting with Id “Road0723”. Enter this point Id into Survey panel. The next point Id will automatically be “Road0724”. You now wish to survey one individual point and give it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, press SHIFT and then INDIV (F5) and enter this point Id. Survey this point and upon pressing STORE, the next point Id will revert back to “Road0724”.
Working Example 2 Requirement - You are completing a survey where you need only one point ID that needs an incrementing number behind the text. These points will need the point ID “Point####”. However you will also survey some individual points that will need unique point Ids. Settings - In CONFIG\ OCUPY Pts set up a point ID template as shown here. Note that the Id type is set to “Change to Indiv.”.
Working Example 2 (cont) Field Proc (cont) - You now wish to survey one individual point and give it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, enter this point ID. Survey this point and upon pressing STORE, the next point Id will revert back to “Point0002”. Note - When entering the individual point Id “BM98” you did not need to press SHIFT INDIV (F5) as in Working Example 1. This is because the “Point####” template is operating in the Change to Individual mode.
5.2.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Post-Processed Kinematic The Advanced Mode contains certain extra configurable options that may be required for specialized applications. Position In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, details about the chosen coordinate system are given. Select Advanced in CONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ from those seen in Standard Mode are described here. 5.
Occupation Settings Additional functionality available in this panel over Standard mode is Auto OCUPY, Auto Stop, STOP PPRC and END Survey. Logging In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, you can also specify the observables to be recorded and access further functionality via the FILES (F6) key (not on the GS50/ GS50+). Log File Segments will split up the recorded data into files of a specific length unless 1 File is selected.
STOP P-PRC - Defines the method used for Auto Stop when Auto Stop is set to YES. When Auto Stop is set to NO a percentage value will be displayed next to the Time or Epochs in the Main Survey screen. This indicates how much of the Auto Stop criteria has elapsed. The Auto Stop criteria is defined using the P-PRC (F5) key (see below). When: Time is selected, set the required observation time for each point. The time starts counting when OCUPY is pressed.
Working Example Application - Picking up distinct points in a Kinematic chain Id Templates You may also configure Id Templates for Auxiliary Points in exactly the same way as for normal points. Technique - Post-Processed Kinematic on the Fly. (Not possible with SR510). Requirement - You wish to automatically stop recording and store each point after pressing OCUPY. Settings - Other Settings - Use P-PRC (F5) to set the Observations to 1 or 2.
5.3 Configuring the Receiver for Real-Time Reference Operations This section covers configuration of the receiver for Real-Time Reference Operations. Note that Real Time Reference Operations are only possible with an SR530 (Real-Time to centimeter level) or an SR510 or 520 that has the RTCM 2.x option activated (DGPS to 0.5 - 5m level). Highlight the Configuration Set you wish to edit and press CONT (F1). Note that you cannot edit default Configuration Sets. You have to create a new one and then edit it.
Antenna Select the Antenna configuration that you are using. Ant. Name - Displays and selects the currently selected antenna setup. Vert Offset - Displays the vertical offset defined in the Antenna setup (Ant Name). Deflt Hgt - Displays a default height for the Antenna configuration. This is of little use for Real-Time Reference stations where the Antenna height differs with each setup. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Meas Type - Also, enter the means by which the Antenna height was measured.
Setting up on a pillar will require that you use the default pillar setup. Advice on calculating Antenna heights and offsets for Leica and nonLeica Antennas is given in Chapter 2.15. All possible factory default Antenna configurations may still be accessed in the future by using the DEFLT and ALL keys. Use the EDIT (F3) key to edit the highlighted Antenna configuration. Note that factory default Antenna configurations can only be viewed and not edited.
Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.3.1 for details. It is especially important to define a local coordinate system for a RealTime Reference Station if you intend to use a known local grid coordinate at the Reference Point. The Receiver must be able to calculate an equivalent coordinate in the WGS84 coordinate system for transmission to the Rover(s). Select the coordinate system that you wish to use. Use NEW (F2) to define a new coordinate system.
Formats Defined by - Defines the components used to calculate the DOP. The definitions of the DOP are as follows: Height - VDOP Pos - HDOP Pos + Hgt - PDOP Pos + Hgt + Time - GDOP You can configure the way in which information is presented when surveying. Format Grid - The format of grid coordinates if they are being used. OCUPY Counter - Defines how the length of time spent occupying a point is displayed.
Real-Time 1/2 Configures the parameters used for Real-Time operations. If needed, it is possible to configure two real-time interfaces. either Port 3 or Port 1. You may also attach a radio modem or phone via a cable to any port. Use the right or left cursor keys to select a port for transmission of realtime data. The device that is currently assigned to this port will be displayed. Rate - Set the rate at which you wish to output messages. System 500 supports rates of 0.1 to 60 seconds.
Pressing the DEVCE (F5) key lets you configure and assign a device to the selected port. Press CONT (F1) to return to CONFIGURE\ Real-Time1. Pressing REF (F6) enables you to configure further options concerning the broadcast messages from the reference station. If it is required to configure the second real-time interface press SHIFT R-T 2 (F2) in the CONFIGURE\ RealTime 1 panel. Select the device you wish to assign to the port. If no default devices are displayed press DEFLT (F5) to reveal them.
Note that a different port must be selected to that used for the RealTime 1 interface. Use SHIFT R-T 1 (F2) to accept the configuration settings and return to Real-Time 1. Use CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\ Interface panel. Logging If required, you may log the raw observations. This may be used if there are problems with the data reception at the Rover and a RealTime position could not be calculated.
5.3.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Real Time Reference Stations The Advanced Mode contains extra configurable parameters that may be required for certain specialized applications. Position In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, details about the chosen coordinate system are given. Select Advanced in CONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ from those seen in Standard Mode are described here. 5.
Real-Time 1/2 Configures parameters used for RealTime operations. Data Format - There are two extra formats available for RTCM. You have the possibility to output both Code corrections together with raw GPS data or high-precision phase corrections by selecting the options RTCM 1, 2, 18, 19 or RTCM 1, 2, 20, 21. Also, the extra key RATES (F3) is available. RATES enables different messages to be output at different rates. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Therefore, the time slots are at 0.00 sec and at 0.50 sec. With three reference stations, the time delay is 0.33. The time slots are at 0.00, 0.33 and 0.66 sec. Logging In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, you can also specify the observables to be recorded and access further functionality via the FILES (F6) key. The second Real-Time 2 interface is completely independent to the RealTime 1 interface so that the number of reference stations and time slots can be configured differently.
5.4 Configuring the Receiver for Real-Time Rover Operations This section covers configuration of the receiver for Real-Time Rover Operations. Note that Real Time Rover Operations are only possible with an SR530 (Real-Time to centimeter level) or an SR510 or 520 that has the RTCM 2.0 option activated (DGPS to 0.5 - 5m level). Highlight the Configuration Set you wish to edit and press EDIT (F3). Note that you cannot edit default Configuration Sets. You have to create a new Set and then edit it.
Antenna Select the Antenna configuration that you are using. Ant. Name - Displays and selects the currently selected antenna setup. This will normally be AT502 Pole for real-time Rover operations. Real-Time Rover operations. You will also get a chance to enter the height for each set up during survey operations. You may select from this list or enter your own antenna configuration by pressing the NEW (F2) key and entering the required information.
Use the DEFLT (F5) key to reveal default antenna configurations with current Leica GPS antennas. This will then change to ALL. Use ALL (F5) to reveal System 300 antenna configurations also. You can pick out the antenna configurations that you will use the most and delete the rest. All possible antenna configurations may still be accessed in the future by using the DEFLT and ALL keys. Position This screen defines the rate for and the way in which position is displayed.
Defined by - Defines the components used to calculate the Quality. Formats Height - 1D Height Quality Pos - 2D Position Quality Pos + Hgt - 3D Position Quality Pos + Hgt + Time - 3D Position Quality Coord Sys - Defines the name of the new coordinate system. When you have set the parameters press CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\Position screen. When using EDIT (F3) the same descriptions apply. Press CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\Position screen.
Coding If you wish to select a coding system press ENTER and choose from Thematical or Free coding. Complete descriptions of the coding systems used by System 500 are given in Chapter 8. Real-Time Use the right or left cursor keys to select a port for transmission of realtime data. The device that is currently assigned to this port will be displayed. Press CODES (F3) to review the codes in the chosen codelist. You may also edit the codelist here. R-Time Data - defines the operation mode of the Receiver.
Radio Down - Raw observations can be logged for post-processing in case of radio link interuption. To define the Data Format received, highlight the Data Format field and press ENTER. Leica is the proprietary Leica realtime GPS data format. This is the best format to use when working exclusively with Leica System 500 Rover units. CMR and CMR+ are compacted formats used for receiving data from third party receivers. RTCM is used for receiving data from a non-System 500 Reference Station.
A complete description of all available devices and detailed configurations and uses is given in Appendix H. Press SHIFT and then PRED (F3) to activate and deactivate Prediction on the rover. Press CONT (F1) to return to the CONFIGURE\Real-Time screen. Press CONT (F1) again. The next screen will depend on the device that has just been chosen. For example, if the chosen device is the Pacific Crest radio, the user will be able to choose the radio channel.
However deactivating prediction would mean: 1. Update rate: Positions can only be computed at the rate at which data is transmitted from the reference station. 2. Increased latency: Computed positions would have an increased latency. In all RTK surveys where the reference station is not an SR530 and the RTK message is not Leica format, it is up to the user to decide if the performance of the rover is better with prediction activated or deactivated. Logging If required, you may log the raw observations.
Log Auto Positions - Will automatically log positions at a specified rate. Moving Ant Height - Sets the Antenna Height when the receiver is in moving mode. When a standard System 500 pole setup is used, the suggested default will be 2.00m. Press CONT (F1) to continue to the next screen. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.4.1 for details. When Log Auto Positions is set to YES, the POS (F3) key becomes available.
Quality Info - Defines which quality information should be recorded with the position. You may select from the Full covariance information or just the coordinate quality (CQ only). Point annotations for auto logged points are independant from point annotations for manually occupied points. After doing so and reentering the panel SURVEY\Point Annotations with ANNOT (F5), the keys LAST (F3) and LAST# (F5) will be active.
The logging of Auto-Positions may also be configured from inside the AUTO-POS panel. See chapter 7.4.7 Using the AUTO key for more information. Press CONT (F1) to continue to the next screen. Instantaneous means that a time tag will be recorded when the OCUPY key is pressed. A coordinate will be interpolated between the positions at the neighbouring two epochs.
Id Templates An Id template is used to pre-define a Point Id. This feature is mainly used in post-processed kinematic and realtime kinematic operations where many points are collected quickly. When set up correctly it will save you having to type in the point Id at each point. OCUPY Pts - Displays the Id template selected for use with manually recorded points. Auto Log Pos - Displays the Id template selected for use with automatically recorded points. Select the template that you wish to use. 5.
Id - Displays the way in which the template is currently configured. You may also enter any standard text here that you would like to see in the Id Template. (In this example the standard text is the word “Point”. The # symbols indicate automatically incrementing numbers). Cursor Pos - Defines the position at which the cursor will start at. Press CONT (F1) until you return to the CONFIGURE\ Id Templates screen. Further options are available on this screen in Advanced mode. See section 5.4.1 for details.
Working Example 1 Requirement - You are completing a survey where you will require many different point IDs. Most point IDs will need an incrementing number behind the text. The first points you measure will need the point ID “Bolt ###”. Settings - In CONFIG\ OCUPY Pts set up a point ID template as shown here. Note that the Id type is set to “Remain Running”.
Working Example 1 (cont) Field Proc (cont) - You now wish to survey points with the Id “Road####” starting with Id “Road0723”. Enter this point Id into Survey panel. The next point Id will automatically be “Road0724”. You now wish to survey one individual point and give it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, press SHIFT and then INDIV (F5) and enter this point Id. Survey this point and upon pressing STORE, the next point Id will revert back to “Road0724”.
Working Example 2 Requirement - You are completing a survey where you need only one point ID that needs an incrementing number behind the text. These points will need the point ID “Point####”. However you will also survey some individual points that will need unique point Ids. Settings - In CONFIG\ OCUPY Pts set up a point ID template as shown here. Note that the Id type is set to “Change to Indiv.”.
Working Example 2 (cont) Field Proc (cont) - You now wish to survey one individual point and give it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, enter this point ID. Survey this point and upon pressing STORE, the next point Id will revert back to “Point0002”. Note - When entering the individual point Id “BM98” you did not need to press SHIFT INDIV (F5) as in Working Example 1. This is because the “Point####” template is operating in the Change to Individual mode.
Threshold Settings These settings are used as checks if more than one set of measured coordinates are recorded for the same point. Avg/Abs Diffs - A check can either be defined as an averaging functionality or as an absolute coordinate difference for X, Y, Z and E, N, H (with local coordinate system). Avg is the default option. When selecting Abs, the average position is still calculated.
If Abs is chosen then the Avg. Limits Pos and Avg. Limits Height are not shown but the ABS (F6) key becomes available. Press ABS (F6) to set the limits for the absolute position difference in E, N, H and X, Y, Z. Store → Job - Appears when ASCII File is selected in Stake from. This parameter takes the original ASCII coordinate and stores it in the Job, together with the staked point. This is useful when comparing design points to actually staked points.
Last Point - Use the last recorded point. Known Point - Use any point in the job. The point can be defined when running Stakeout. Line - Orient parallel to any line defined in the current job. The line can be defined when running Stakeout. Arrow - Shows an arrow on the graphical side of the stake-out panel. Simply walk in the direction of this arrow to find the point to be staked out. This functionality will make the system automatically display the differences if the defined Limit is exceeded.
East Pos - Sets the position of the easting. North Pos - Sets the position of the northing. Height Pos - Sets the position of the height. An example of what is selected is displayed. Use the DEFLT (F5) key to reset the format to its original values. Define the delimiter used to separate the information for each point and then define the position of each component of each point. An example of what you have defined is given at the bottom of the screen.
5.4.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Real Time Rover The Advanced Mode contains extra configurable parameters that may be required for certain specialized applications. Position In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, details about the chosen coordinate system are given. Select Advanced in CONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ from those seen in Standard Mode are described here. CSCS Model - The name of the CSCS model used is displayed.
Height Smoothing and Filter techniques with kinematic GPS Due to the nature of GPS, the height is the weakest part in GPS measurements. Height information can only be received from satellites above the antenna. Signals from the satellites of the other half of the orbits are blocked off by the earth. Therefore, the GPS heights are less “stabilised” than the positions where information all around the horizon is available. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Real-Time The observation rate is fixed at 1 second. When Radio Down is set to Log Obs, two further options appear. Log After - Defines the length of time that should elapse without radio contact before logging commences. Use Phase - Enables you to define whether or not to use the phase data broadcast from the reference station. For normal centimeter level RealTime surveying this will be set to YES.
Occupation Settings Additional functionality available in this panel over Standard mode is Auto OCUPY, Auto Stop, STOP RTME and END Survey. Logging In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode, you can also specify the observables to be recorded and access further functionality via the FILES (F6) key. Observables - Defines what is recorded in the raw GPS data. Extended records extra observables including the Doppler observable.
STOP R-TME - Defines the method used for Auto Stop when Auto Stop is set to YES. When Auto Stop is set to NO a percentage value will be displayed next to the Time or Epochs in the Main Survey screen. This indicates how much of the Auto Stop criteria has elapsed. The Auto Stop criteria is defined using the R-TME (F3) key (see below). Auto Store - Will automatically store the point information and GPS data when the survey is stopped.
Threshold Settings In addition to the functionality given in Standard mode you can also specify a DOP limit. If the limit is exceeded no position will be recorded. Hidden Point A hidden point is defined as a point that cannot be measured by GPS but by an external device. This is usually due to satellite shading. Satellite shading can be caused by the close proximity of tall buildings, trees etc.
Pressing DEVCE (F5) allows the device to be chosen. System 500 supports several devices such as Leica Disto memo, Disto pro, DistoTM pro4 and DistoTM pro4 a. All of them are hand held lasermeter that can be used to record otherwise inaccessible points. You may also use a simple tape to measure to such points and input the measurements manually. Press CONT (F1) to return to the previous panel. Dist Offset - Enter a distance offset if necessary. Refer to Appendix H for more information.
EAO (F3) allows the default method to be set that will be used to enter an External Angle Offset when measuring hidden points using a device that measures azimuths. Seismic You can set whether or not to store a seismic record with each point. If Use Seismic Record is set to YES, the seismic records for manually occupied points are stored in point annotation #4. The same holds true for auto logged points as long as Store Pt DB and Use Annot in panel CONFIGURE\ Position Logging are set to YES.
6. Jobs and Points Jobs exist in order for you to be able to structure and organize your work. They define a common location within the System 500 file system for points. 6.1 Management of Jobs Jobs are managed from the Job option in the Main Menu. Press SHOW (F4) to reveal all of the Main Menu choices. Keys to help you navigate through the list are available by pressing SHIFT. All points that are recorded will be stored within a particular Job.
Creating a New Job Press NEW (F2) to create a new Job. Device - Sets the device upon which the Job is stored. Note that Internal Memory is not fitted as standard and therefore may not be an option. Press CONT (F1) to confirm the entry and return to JOB\PC-Card or JOB\Internal. Name - Defines the Job name. The name may be up to 16 characters long and may include spaces. Editing a Job To edit an existing Job press EDIT (F3).
7. Measuring with System 500 The use of System 500 with the most common techniques of measurement are described. The correct Receiver must be used for the technique chosen. An overview is given below. Application Post-Processed Static/R. Static Post-Processed Kinematic Reference Post-Processed Post-Processed Kinematic (Static Kinematic on Initialisation) the Fly Real-Time DGPS (1-5 m) SR510 ✓ ✓ SR520 ✓ ✓ SR510 with RTCM2.0 option ✓ ✓ SR520 with RTCM2.0 option ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SR530 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 7.
7.1 Static and Rapid Static Survey, Post-Processed Kinematic Reference Set up the equipment as described in Chapter 2. Attach the Terminal. Switch on. The Main Menu will be displayed. The system will automatically start searching for satellites. Select Survey and press CONT (F1). Coord Sys - Displays the coordinate system that will be used for the display of coordinates. For postprocessed work, this will normally be WGS84 Antenna - Defines the Antenna setup to be used.
7.1.1 Overview of Procedure The Main Survey Panel appears. From here you can add Point Id, and Antenna Height and observe the DOP. If configured, you will also be able to add a Code. If configured, you will also be able to enter a start time for the point occupation. As soon as the receiver has enough information, the DOP will be displayed. 7. Measuring with System 500 7.1.2 Adding the Point Id The Moving Icon is displayed at this point.
7.1.3 Adding the Antenna Height To break the auto numbering press Shift INDIV (F5) and enter an individual Point Id. After this point has been stored it will return to the previously suggested Point Id. If you define a Point Id Template in the Configuration Set you have even more flexibility to automatically define your Point Id’s. Further information about Point Id Templates and two working examples are given in Chapter 5.2. 7.1.
2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed. The Code Name will be displayed for the Point Code that you have chosen. Enter any attributes for the code using the ATRIB (F4) key. The code is stored along with the Point Id information. Free Coding or 2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed.
7.1.5 Adding a Starting Time It will be possible to add a starting time for a point occupation if auto occupy has been set to Timed in the Occupation Settings of the Configuration Set. 7.1.6 Measuring procedure Initially, the time displayed in Start Time is the current time with the seconds rounded to zero. Enter the time in Start Time in hours:minutes:seconds. Measuring procedure without starting time Press the OCUPY (F1) key to begin recording observations.
This percentage value is the amount of data recorded with 100% being the amount required. If Auto Stop was selected, the recording of observations will automatically stop when 100% is reached. The ADD (F5) key is available. Further information is available in the next section. Press STORE (F1) to store the Point Id and any Thematical Code that you may have assigned. If Auto Store has been set in the Configuration, this will happen automatically. Leave the survey by pressing SHIFT followed by QUIT (F6).
The ADD (F5) key is available. Further information is available in the next section. The line Time to go changes to Static Obs/Time. Static Obs/Time - The method by which you have selected to count time will be shown. In Advanced mode, you may select to display the amount of data required according to one of four criteria. If this has been set, a percentage value will be shown next to the expired Epochs/Time. This percentage value is the amount of data recorded with 100% being the amount required.
7.1.7 Using the ADD key When the Advanced Mode is selected, the ADD (F5) key is available. This key can be used to add Point Annotations, and Meteorological Data. Adding Point Annotations Point Annotations may be used as an electronic notepad where events, notes etc. may be written. They are then taken with the Point Id information into SKI-Pro. To add Point Annotations, select Point Annotations from the list and press CONT (F1).
7.2 Post-processed Kinematic Survey (Rover) Enter the data and press STORE (F1). The data will be stored with a time tag. During long observation periods you may need to store several sets of meteorological data as the weather changes. Set up the equipment as described in Chapter 2. Attach the Terminal. Switch on. The Main Menu will be displayed. The system will automatically start searching for satellites. Select Survey and press CONT (F1).
7.2.1 Overview of Procedure The Main Survey screen appears. 7.2.2 Adding the Point Id This will always be the case when using a SR510. SR520 and SR530 users may set the static initialization parameter to NO and perform initialization on the fly. Further details about this procedure are given in the sections that follow. From here you can add Point Id, Code, Antenna Height and observe the DOP. If configured, you will also be able to enter a start time for the point occupation.
7.2.3 Adding the Antenna Height To break the auto numbering press Shift INDIV (F5) and enter an individual Point Id. After this point has been stored it will return to the previously suggested Point Id. If you define a Point Id Template in the Configuration Set you have even more flexibility to automatically define your Point Id’s. Further information about Point Id Templates and two working examples are given in Chapter 5.2.
7.2.4 Adding a Code It will be possible to add a code to a point if a coding system has been defined for use in the Configuration Set. System 500 supports two coding methods; Thematical Coding and Free Coding. The principles of both methods of coding are explained in Chapter 8. Thematical Coding or 2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed.
7.2.5 Adding a Starting Time To select the code: 1. Use the left or right cursor keys to cycle through the code list. or 2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed. It will be possible to add a starting time for a point occupation if auto occupy has been set to Timed in the Occupation Settings of the Configuration Set.
7.2.6 Measuring Procedure The exact measuring procedure varies depending upon which Receiver you are using and the Configuration Set. When using an SR510, you must perform a Static Initialization before commencing the moving part of the survey. The option to do this is activated in the Configuration Set. When using a SR520 or SR530, you may also perform a Static Initialization if required although there is not strictly any need to do so.
Initialization on the Fly without starting time This is the method that will be preferred by SR520 and SR530 users. No Static Initialization is required. Observations will be recorded as soon as CONT (F1) in the SURVEY\Begin screen is pressed. Recording Distinct Points without starting time To record distinct points within the moving part of the kinematic chain (whether a static initialization has been performed or not), occupy the point, level the pole and press OCUPY (F1).
Once the point is stored, again the OCUPY (F1) key becomes available and the start time line is shown with the current time and the seconds rounded to zero. 7.2.7 Using the AUTO key 7.2.8 Using the ADD key If Log Auto Positions is set to YES in the CONFIGURE\ Logging screen the Auto (F3) key is available in the main Survey screen. When the Advanced Mode is selected, the ADD (F5) key is available. Auto (F3) can be used to switch to the mode for measuring AutoPositions in the Auto-Pos panel.
Adding Point Annotations Point Annotations may be used as an electronic notepad where events, notes etc. may be written. They are then taken with the Point Id information into SKI-Pro. Point Annotations may only be added when a distinct point is being recorded. To add Point Annotations, select Point Annotations from the list and press CONT (F1).
7.3 Real-Time Reference Stations This chapter assumes that you will use the default Real-Time Reference File. Set up the equipment as described in Chapter 2. Attach the Terminal, but only attach the radio modem if you are sure that the port is correctly configured. Attaching a radio modem to an incorrectly configured port may result in damage to the radio modem. Switch on. The Main Menu will be displayed. The system will automatically start searching for satellites. Select Survey and press CONT (F1). 7.
7.3.1 Measuring procedure Using a known point Select a point from the drop down list box. This point will have been previously entered into the database manually, from SKI Pro, or may be a point resulting from a previous realtime rover measurement. You will need to select the way in which you define the reference point. You may select either a known point from the drop down list or use the LAST (F3) key to use the coordinates that were used when the sensor was last used as a reference station.
Using Single Point Position (SPP) A SPP is where the GPS code observations for a single point are collected over a period of time and refined into a position that is generally more accurate than a navigated position. Using the current Navigation Position To use the current navigation position as the coordinates for the reference point, press the HERE (F4) key. Measure and input the Antenna Height (Ant Height). When using a Tripod this will be measured using the Height Hook.
either there is no previously measured point available and the baseline distance from the reference to the rover exceeds 10km. RRRRMMDD_HHMMSSS Where: RRRR = last four numbers of Receiver serial number. MM = month DD = Day HH = Hour MM = Minutes SSS = seconds to 1 decimal place. Input the length of time over which the single point should be processed. The longer the time, the more accurate the single point. A good compromise is 20 minutes. Press OCUPY (F1) to begin the single point occupation.
7.3.2 Using the ADD key When the Advanced Mode is selected, the ADD (F5) key is available. used in a scientific processing software that accepts meteorological data for tropospheric modelling. Select Meteorological Data from the list and press CONT (F1). This key can be used to add Meteorological Data. Press ADD (F5), followed by CONT (F1) Meteorological data may be required when very precise work is being carried out and/or when very different weather conditions exist between the Rover and Reference.
7.4 Real-Time Rover, Surveying New Points Set up the equipment as described in Chapter 2. Attach the Terminal. Switch on. The Main Menu will be displayed. The system will automatically start searching for satellites. Select Survey and press CONT (F1). Config Set - Defines the Configuration Set to be used. The last Configuration Set used or created will be taken by default although any other Configuration Set may be selected.
7.4.2 Adding the Point Id 7.4.1 Overview of Procedure As soon as data is received from the Reference, and the Rover itself is tracking sufficient satellites, the ambiguity resolution process will begin. This processes the data and calculates the baseline from Reference to Rover to within 1-5 cm. Then press the OCUPY (F1) key. Then according to what has been set in the Occupation Settings, press STOP (F1) and STORE (F1).
7.4.3 Adding the Antenna Height To break the auto numbering press Shift INDIV (F5) and enter an individual Point Id. After this point has been stored it will return to the previously suggested Point Id. If you define a Point Id Template in the Configuration Set you have even more flexibility to automatically define your Point Id’s. Further information about Point Id Templates and two working examples are given in Chapter 5.2.
7.4.4 Adding a Code It will be possible to add a code to a point if a coding system has been defined for use in the Configuration Set. System 500 supports two coding methods; Thematical Coding and Free Coding. The principles of both methods of coding are explained in Chapter 8. Thematical Coding 1. Use the left or right cursor keys to cycle through the code list. or 2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed.
7.4.5 Adding a Starting Time To select the code: 1. Use the left or right cursor keys to cycle through the code list. or 2. Press ENTER and select the code from the list. or 3. Type in the first few characters of the code until the desired code is displayed. Auto-logged points may also be freecoded if a corresponding coding system has been defined. The procedure will be the same as with Occupy Points described above.
7.4.6 Measurement Procedure Measuring procedure without starting time Switch on the instrument. Select Survey. Select a Real-Time Rover Configuration Set in which auto occupy has not been set to Timed in the Occupation Settings. During this time, the unit should acquire satellites and should pick up the signal from the Reference. Note that if code only measurements are being used, the ambiguity resolution process is not required and therefore will not start. The ambiguity resolution process will run.
Measuring procedure with starting time Switch on the instrument. Select Survey. Select a Real-Time Rover Configuration Set in which auto occupy has been set to Timed in the Occupation Settings. The ambiguity resolution process will run. When the ambiguities are resolved, the baseline from the Reference to the Rover is calculated to between 1-5cm. The Accuracy Status Icon will be displayed as follows: During this time, the unit should acquire satellites and should pick up the signal from the Reference.
The line Time to go changes to depending to the OCCUPY counter set Positions / Time at point. Then, according to what has been set in Occupation Settings, press STOP (F1) and STORE (F1). Once the point is stored, again the OCUPY (F1) key becomes available and the start time line is shown with the current time and the seconds rounded to zero. To start a new occupation enter the next start time. Then press OCUPY (F1). 7.
or Highlight the interval that is incorrect and press USE (F2) to deselect the interval. Then press CONT (F1) to return to the survey screen. or Highlight the interval that is incorrect and press DEL (F4) to delete the interval.Then press CONT (F1) to return to the survey screen. or With INFO (F5) toggle between different information for each interval. Should a point fall within the threshold settings and the system is set to absolute coordinate differences, you may press ABS (F2).
7.4.7 Using the AUTO key If Log Auto Positions is set to YES in the CONFIGURE\ Logging screen the Auto (F3) key is available in the main Survey screen. The absolute differences for Easting, Northing and Height can only be displayed if the survey is carried out in a local coordinate system. An asterisk identifies those which exceed the threshold settings. CONT (F1) returns you to the survey screen. Auto (F3) can be used to switch to the mode for measuring AutoPositions in the Auto-Pos panel.
Note that adding a code is only possible if Store Pt DB is set to YES in the CONFIGURE\ Position Logging screen (see chapter 5.4). It is also only possible to change the code for auto-logged points when no auto-logged points are being measured. Thematical Coding with autologged points The procedure of thematically coding auto-logged points is very similar to the thematical coding of Occupy Points. For further information on coding Occupy Points see chapter 7.4.4 Adding a Code.
The fields Free Code and Description will be displayed as above. Highlighting the Free Code you may either select a code from the given codelist or enter a new code. The Description will be displayed for the selected Free Code. Using the NEWI (F4) key you may enter up to 20 attributes (Infos) for the code. Press STORE (F1) to record the code. 7. Measuring with System 500 To start the logging of Auto-Points press the Start (F6) key.
7.4.8 Using the INIT key On-The-Fly - Initializes as you are moving with the Antenna. This is the most common and useful method and is used automatically by default. It may be used again here after a successful initialization on the fly as a quality check. The INIT (F6) key shows in the main survey screen and is available in Advanced Mode. When a Real-Time Rover Configuration Set is chosen, the Receiver will automatically start the initialization process as On-the-Fly as soon as the conditions are right.
7.4.9 Using the ADD key When the Advanced Mode is selected, the ADD (F5) key is available. Adding Point Annotations Point Annotations may be used as an electronic notepad where events, notes etc. may be written. They are then taken with the Point Id information into SKI Pro. To add Point Annotations, select Point Annotations from the list and press CONT (F1). This key can be used to add Point Annotations, Meteorological Data and Hidden Points.
Hidden Points A hidden point is a point that cannot be measured by GPS. This is normally due to satellite shading caused by trees overhead, the close proximity of buildings etc. This feature is used by Real-Time Rovers only. Enter the data and press STORE (F1). The data will be stored with a time tag. During long observation periods you may need to store several sets of meteorological data as the weather changes. There are two possibilities for inputting hidden point data.
Bearing and Distance, height excluded Point A - GPS point on which bearing α is measured. Bearing - Bearing Angle to the Hidden Point in units configured. Distance - Horizontal distance from Point A to the Hidden Point in units configured. Use ABORT (F1) to abort the procedure. When Point A is highlighted, use NEWOC (F5) to occupy that point before you start measuring the hidden point. function may be used if you do not know or have no device for determining the bearing.
Bearing and Distance, height included If the height computation for a hidden point has been enabled within the configuration, the following options apply in addition to those on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height difference between the center of the external device and the aimed point. Devices with inclinometer like the Laser Locator will transfer the measured height difference automatically into this field as long as Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point is set to YES.
Double Bearing, height excluded Point A - The point from which Bearing A is measured. Bearing A - Bearing Angle α to Hidden Point in units configured. Point B - The point from which Bearing B is measured Bearing B - Bearing Angle β to Hidden Point in units configured. Use ABORT (F1) to abort the procedure. When Pt from is highlighted, use NEWOC (F5) to occupy the point you are currently at before the hidden point is measured. 7.
Double Bearing, height included If the height computation for a hidden point has been enabled within the configuration, the following options apply in addition to those on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height difference between the center of the external device and the aimed point. Devices with inclinometer like the Laser Locator will transfer the measured height difference automatically into this field as long as Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point is set to YES.
Double Distance, height excluded Use ABORT (F1) to abort the procedure. Use NEWOC (F5) to occupy the point you are currently at before the hidden point is measured. Point A - Point from which Distance A is measured. Distance A - Horizontal distance from Point A to the hidden point in units configured. Point B - Point from which Distance B is measured. Distance B - Horizontal distance from Point B to the hidden point in units configured. Location - Locates hidden point to left or right of Line AB. 7.
Double Distance, height included If the height computation for a hidden point has been enabled within the configuration, the following options apply in addition to those on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height difference between the center of the external device and the aimed point. Devices with inclinometer like the Laser Locator will transfer the measured height difference automatically into this field as long as Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point is set to YES.
Chainage and Offset, height excluded Point A - Point A on line. Point B - Point B on line. Chnge from - Point from which chainage starts. Chainage - Distance along line Offset - Offset from line to hidden point. Negative value = left of line, Positive value = right of line. A - GPS Point A B - GPS Point B C - Chainage O - Offset H - Hidden point Use ABORT (F1) to abort the procedure. Use NEWOC (F5) to occupy the point you are currently at before the hidden point is measured. 7.
Chainage and Offset, height excluded If the height computation for a hidden point has been enabled within the configuration, the following options apply in addition to those on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height difference between the center of the external device and the aimed point. Devices with inclinometer like the Laser Locator will transfer the measured height difference automatically into this field as long as Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point is set to YES.
Backward Bearing & Distance, height excluded Go to the Hidden Point. When Bearing is highlighted, the BRNG (F6) key is available. This function may be used if you do not know or have no device for determining the bearing. Select a point that lies on the line HA (see diagram). Occupy the point and press BRNG (F6). Point A - GPS point towards which bearing α is measured. Bearing - Bearing Angle to Point A in units configured.
Backward Bearing & Distance, height included If the height computation for a hidden point has been enabled within the configuration, the following options apply in addition to those on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height difference between the center of the external device and the aimed point. Devices with inclinometer like the Laser Locator will transfer the measured height difference automatically into this field as long as Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point is set to YES.
7.4.11 Radio Down Infill 7.4.10 Using the NEAR key Search for the nearest point to the current sensor position by pressing SHIFT and then NEAR (F2). The current sensor position is the position at the time when the NEAR key is pressed. Survey the point as usual. Radio Down Infill is used when contact between the Reference and Rover is lost and a Real-Time position cannot be calculated. This option is set in the Configuration Set. When contact is lost, the ambiguities will also be lost after a few seconds.
Then one of three scenarios can ensue: 1. Contact with the Reference is reestablished within the minimum logging time specified in the Configuration Set. Logging will carry on for this minimum time and then stop. 2. Contact with the Reference is reestablished after the minimum logging time specified in the Configuration Set. Logging will stop. 3. Contact with the Reference is not reestablished. Logging will continue until the survey is ended or contact with the Reference Station is reestablished.
7.5 Real-Time Rover, Staking Out 7.5.1 Entering Stakeout Stake-Out is the staking out of predetermined points. These points may have been surveyed earlier and uploaded through SKI Pro, may already exist in a Job on the Receiver or may have been uploaded in an ASCII file. From the Main Menu, select StakeOut. System 500 offers the possibility to stake out points, slopes and grids. Switch on. The Main Menu will be displayed. The system will automatically start searching for satellites.
7.5.2 Stake-Out Types Store Pts - The Job where the staked points are stored. Stake Type - The type of Stake-Out operation to be performed. Antenna - The Antenna setup used, defined in the Configuration Set. You may select a different one if required. Ant Height - The default Antenna Height defined in the Configuration Set. You may enter a different height if required.
7.5.3 The Stake-Out Screen When Stake-Out has been started, the following screen appears: 1 2 5 3 4 1. Orientation - Defines the direction on which the Range Information (3) is based. 2. Target Point - The current point for which the Range Information (3) is shown. 7. Measuring with System 500 3. Range Information - The range to the currently selected point. May be one of two formats: Orthogonal - Range In/Out and Offset Left/Right plus Cut/Fill. Polar - Range In/Out and Bearing plus Cut/Fill. 210 4.
7.5.4 Orientation The Orientation defines a reference direction from which all measurements to target points are made. Last Pt - The reference direction from which all measurements are displayed to Target points is the Last Point that was recorded. The orientation is defined by a point or a line. Known Pt - The reference direction from which all measurements are displayed to Target points is a point contained within the current “Stake from” Job.
The list of lines is displayed. If the list is empty then there are no lines defined! Use CONT (F1) to select the highlighted line, New (F2) to define a new line, EDIT (F3) to edit an existing line and DEL-A (F4) to delete all the lines in the list. Lines are always stored in an ASCII file, it is not possible to store lines in a Job. Lines are stored in local grid format.
Start+Endpoint The Line is defined between two points. Either: 1. Enter the coordinates and height of each point. or 2. Use the IMPRT (F3) key to import any point contained in the Job you are using. Make sure that one of the entry fields for the point (start or end point) you wish to define is highlighted, press IMPRT (F3), select the point from the list and press CONT (F1).
Start+Dst+Bg+V/H The line is defined by a start point, a horizontal distance and bearing from the start point and the ratio of vertical increment over horizontal increment. Enter/Select LocalE, Local N and Ortho Hgt for the start point as described in Start+Endpoint. Enter the horizontal Distance to the end point. This end point will be an artificial point. If no value other than zero is given, a default of 100m will be taken. Enter the horizontal Bearing to the end point, through which the line passes.
7.5.5 Polar and Orthogonal There are two methods which you can use to find your way to a point. These are Polar and Orthogonal. Use the F2 key to switch between the two methods. Orthogonal The Orthogonal method gives you a distance In/Out to the point, a distance left/right to the point and a cut/fill.
7.5.6 Using the Reverse function Polar The Polar Method gives you a Bearing from the orientation reference, a horizontal distance and a cut/fill to the point. The reverse function is available in Advanced mode and switches the orientation by 180°. It is used when the Target lies behind you and you would effectively have to walk backwards to reach it. Press REVRS (F3). The orientation is turned through 180°.
7.5.7 Using the Redraw function 7.5.8 Picking up a new point 7.5.9 Using the INIT key The redraw function is used when Show Path has been chosen in the configuration and the path that you have followed is shown on the graphical area of the display. This function is available in Advanced mode. If you are staking out and need to measure new points, you may do so by pressing the PCKUP (F5) key. This brings you into survey mode.
7.5.10 Using the NEAR key The nearest point to the current sensor position for staking out can be found by pressing SHIFT and then NEAR (F2). The current sensor position is the position at the time when the NEAR key is pressed. 7.5.11 Graph Once the nearest point has been found, its point ID is automatically copied into the field of the Target Point. A map of the 30 last measured points can be displayed by pressing SHIFT and then GRAPH (F3). Each point is given a temporary ID between 1 and 30.
7.5.12 Aux Pt FILT (F6) allows to change the filter settings for the currently selected Job. More information about filter settings can be found in section 11.3. Press SHIFT to reveal REDRW (F4). This redraws the map to the original scale. You may also scroll the map left/right, up/down by using the cursor keys. Auxiliary points are used as aids when trying to find a stake out point. Two auxiliary points are recorded to form start and end points of a line.
7.5.13 Point Stake-Out - Procedure Point is selected as the Stake Type when entering Stake-Out. The list of Target points are those contained in the Job or ASCII File. The “as staked” points will always be stored in the Job. You may also choose to store the Target points defined in the ASCII File in the Job. In this way you have the Target points and the “as staked” points in one Job. To stake out a point, select it from the Target Point List. Press Enter to expose a list of all points in the Job.
The graphical display is a square until the 0.5m level is reached. At this stage it will turn into a circle. Depending upon what has been set in the configuration, the following screen may appear. If required, you may also add a code (if a coding system has been configured). Details on adding codes are given in section 7.4.4. When you are satisfied with the input, press STOP (F1). The DIFF (F2) key is available.
7.5.14 Slope Stake-Out - Procedure If Diff Check has been set to either Position only, Height only or Pos + Hgt in the CONFIGURE\ Stake-Out screen then the STAKE-OUT\ Occupy Differences panel will be displayed automatically if the differences exceed the defined Limit. Diff In/Out - Horizontal distance In/ Out to the Target Point. Diff Left/Right - Horizontal distance Left/Right to the Target Point. Diff Cut/Fill - Vertical distance to the Target Point.
1. Measurement/Stakeout of transition points of slopes for crosssections. Plan The Line is defined as the section line through the terrain. You ensure that you follow this line by observing the Left/Right value and keeping it at or near zero. When you arrive at a point where the level of the terrain begins to change, record the point. You can also stake this point for future reference.
The Slope Line is defined and selected. Proceed along the line. You can ensure that you keep on the line by observing the Left/Right value and keeping it at or near zero. Observe the Cut/Fill value. At the intercept(s) it will be zero. When you arrive at such a point, stake it and record it. Procedure Slope is selected as the Stake Type when entering Stake-Out. The “as staked” points will always be stored in the Store Pts Job.
You may also enter a completely different Point Id if required. Press STOP (F1). A default Point Id is suggested. This comprises of the Line Id followed by any incrementing numbers that you have defined in the Occupy template. Alternatively, you may press SHIFT and then PT ID (F3) to use the Point ID currently defined in the Occupy template. If you simply wish to add aditional text to the suggested point Id, press Enter.
7.5.15 Grid Stake-Out - Procedure Grid Stake-Out can be used to stake out grids relative to a defined reference line. The Reference Line is selected or defined. Define the distance to the first station along the Reference Line, the Horizontal and Vertical Offsets from the Reference Line. Define the amount by which the Receiver should increment. The first Target Point is the first point in the grid. Proceed to this point and record it. After this point is recorded, the next Target point will be shown.
Procedure Grid is selected as the Stake Type when entering Stake-Out. Descriptions of how to define lines are given in section 7.5.4 (Although this section is concerned with orientation, the principles of defining lines are exactly the same). Stake-Out starts. Select the orientation. The “as staked” points will always be stored in the Job. If staking from an ASCII file, you may also choose to store the Target points defined there in the Job.
Station Inc - The distance between each grid point in the direction of the Reference Line. Scale - Depending on the transformation method used and the stake out design criteria, you may specify a scale factor to be applied to the increment value within the map projection plane. This is only used when staking out grids over large areas (tens of kilometers) and otherwise should be left at the default value of 1.00. Refer to the diagrams at the start of this section for more details of each parameter.
If you simply wish to add aditional text to the suggested point Id, press Enter. The point Id in the display remains and the cursor will be in the position defined in the current Point Id template. Press STORE (F1) to store the point. You can then choose the way in which you wish to proceed to the next row: 1. Increase the offset and start the next row in either direction from the last recorded grid point. You may also enter a completely different Point Id if required. Add a code if required.
2. Increase the offset and start the next row in either direction adjacent to the first grid point. To use option 1, highlight the Line and press ENTER. Press PARAM (F5) to enter the Grid parameters. Input the new Horizontal Offset (Horz Offset). Press CONT (F1). Input the new Horizontal Offset (Horz Offset). Give the Increment (Station Inc) a negative value. Press CURST (F4) (current station). The next target point will be displayed. The next target point will be displayed.
If a point within the grid is obstructed (E.g. a car is parked over it or it is heavily shaded by trees), there is a function that allows you to skip that point and carry on to the next one. Enter the Line definition screen. Press SHIFT to reveal STAT+ (F3) and STAT- (F4). STAT+ (F3) will increment to the next point. STAT(F4) returns to the previous point. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 231 7.
8. Coding There are two types of Coding System available on System 500 Thematical Coding and Free Coding. Thematical Codes are point-based information recorded together with the other point information. Free Codes are time-based information, independent of the points. A time stamp is recorded with each free code, allowing the subsequent export of points and codes in chronological order. This information can then be used in thirdparty mapping software. 8. Coding 8.
8.1.1 Importing, Selecting and Defining a Thematical Codelist Codelists can be transferred to the PC Card or Internal Memory using the Transfer function in SKI-Pro. Codelists on the PC Card or Internal Memory must then be transferred to the Receiver using the Transfer function. The Codelist is then selected for use in Configuration. The Codelists on the Receiver are displayed. To create a new, empty Codelist press NEW (F2). Coding Type - Choose Thematical.
8.1.2 Defining New Codes and Attributes Layers, Codes and Attributes can be added to a Codelist. When a Thematical Codelist has been selected, the CODES (F3) and LAYER (F5) keys will be available. The list of existing codes is given. Press NEW (F2) to create a new code. Enter a meaningful name for the Attribute. To create new Codes and Attributes press CODES (F3). Select the Layer on which the code will exist. To add a new Layer, press ENTER and NEW (F2). Refer to the next section for details.
8.1.3 Defining and Activating/Deactivating Layers Layers, Codes and Attributes can be added to a Codelist. When a Thematical Codelist has been selected, the CODES (F3) and LAYER (F5) keys will be available. Press NEW (F2) to create a new layer. Input the Layer name and press CONT (F1). To activate/deactivate individual Layers, select the Layer and press USE (F4) to toggle the Layer on/off. To deactivate all Layers, press NONE (F5). This key then changes to ALL (F5). Use this to activate all the Layers.
8.1.4 Adding a Thematical Code to a Point When a Thematical Codelist has been selected for use within a Configuration Set, it will be possible to add a Thematical Code to a point when measuring. The Code Name will be displayed for the Point Code that you have chosen. Enter any attributes for the code using the ATRIB (F4) key. ATRIB (F4) - lets you define attributes for the selected code and add attribute values to the choicelist of an attribute. The code is stored along with the Point Id information.
8.2 Free Coding 8.2.1 Importing, Selecting and Defining a Free Codelist Free Coding is time-based information, Although it is possible to create a independent of any recorded points. new, empty Codelist on the Receiver and then create new Layers, Codes Free Coding can be used to generate and Attributes, it is far more practical virtually any type of code.
8.2.2 Defining New Codes Use the NEW (F2) key to add more information blocks. Codes can be added to a Codelist. When Free Coding has been selected, the CODES (F3) key will be available. Press CONT (F1) to continue. Free Code - Input the identifier Description - Input the description of the Indentifier. To create new Codes press CODES (F3). Press C-INF (F4) to add information blocks for the code. The new code is displayed in the list.
8.2.3 Adding a Free Code When a Free Codelist has been selected for use within a Configuration Set, it will be possible to record a Free Code when measuring. An asterisk next to a code indicates that it has attributes. NEW (F2) lets you add a new code. LAST (F3) jumps to the code log and displays the codes that were last assigned in order. The Last Code and second last code (2Last Code) that were used are shown. The CODE (F4) key will be available. Press this key to access the codelist.
Type in the new attribute value, then press ADD (F2). STORE (F1) records the code and returns to the Main Survey screen. 8. Coding 240 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
9. The CONFIG Key The CONFIG key can be used at any time to make temporary alterations to any parameter in the Configuration Set. There are some configurable parameters that can only be accessed through the CONFIG key and are not contained in the sequential Configuration. Nevertheless, they are part of the Configuration Set. The other parameters that are available through the Sequential Configuration are described in Chapter 5. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Press CONFIG.
9.1 Survey - Satellite Enables you to define the Satellite Elevation Mask and also automatic tracking of healthy satellites. Elev Mask - The elevation mask or elevation below which satellite data will not be recorded and below which satellites will not be shown to be tracked. For RT applications the Elev Mask should be set to 10°. For post processing only applications, the Elev Mask should be set to 15°. These are the default mask angles used in the System Default Configurations. 9.
9.2 General - Units Enables you to configure units for all types of measurement data displayed and recorded by the receiver. Date - Select the date format from dd.mm.yy, mm/dd/yy or yy/mm/dd, where dd = day, mm = month and yy = year. Time - Select the time format from 12 hours or 24 hours. Distance - Select from Meters, Int. Feet (International Feet), Int. Feet 1/8 in (International Feet to 1/8 inch), US feet, US feet 1/8 in (US feet to 1/8 inch), Kilometres or Int. Miles (International Miles).
9.3 General - Language 9.4 General - Hot Keys Select the Language in which you wish the Terminal Interface to be displayed. The language is associated with the Configuration Set. You may assign a particular screen to each of the keys F7 - F10 so that when one of these keys is pressed, that screen is displayed. The Receiver can hold up to two languages.Use the DEL (F4) key to delete any languages that are not required. Select the key you wish to configure and press ENTER.
9.5 General - Time and Initial Position 9.6 General - Start-Up It is important that the local time, date and initial position are approximately correct in order for the Receiver to quickly locate and track satellites. Defines the screen that will be displayed when the Receiver is switched on and the behaviour after power failure. Check that the Local Time is approximately correct. This will be updated every time GPS satellites are tracked.
9.7 General - TR500 It is recommended for possible slow drop in voltage or an abrupt power failure. Enables you to configure some general Keyclick - Switches the Keyclick on features of the Terminal. or off. Deflt αNUM - defines the set of extra characters available through the αNUM key or on the F1-F6 function keys whenever you type in an entry.
9.8 General - Identification 9.9 Interfaces 9.10 Interfaces - Real-Time The Sensor Identification can be defined. By default the last four numbers of the serial number are used. Type in any other four character Id if required. The Sensor Id is displayed in the automatic point template, log files etc. and defines which instrument was used for certain measurements. Gives an overview of all interfaces and the port and device currently assigned for that interface.
9.11 Interfaces - NMEA Output For information about Real-Time Rover parameters refer to section 5.4 Con-figuring the Receiver for RealTime Rover Operations. The NMEA Output interface enables Use the MESGS (F3) key to display you to configure which NMEA the messages that can be output, the messages to output through which port rates and the output timing method. using which device. Set the focus on NMEA Output and press EDIT (F3) to select the NMEA messages to be output.
9.12 Interfaces - ASCII Input Use - Choose Yes to output the message. Output Time - A message may be sent either at an exact epoch or immediately. At Epoch means that the message will be sent at the exact epoch as defined by the Rate. Immediately means that the message is sent as soon as it is available sensors were sending their position message back at exactly the same time (as would be the case with Immediately).
If you want to use an external device for ASCII input set Use Device to YES. Select the Port to which the device is connected. Use the DEVCE (F5) key to configure the device itself. End of Msg - Select the delimiter to be used to identify the end of the incoming ASCII string. This may be either CR, LF or CR + LF. Press the ANNOT (F3) key to define which of the incoming ASCII strings should be stored as a point annotation and how. You may identify up to four different message types (Annotation #1 to #4). 9.
Working Example 1 You need to complete a survey on a small lake and wish to record the depth of the lake that is measured by a 3rd party depth sounder at certain locations. This depth sounder constantly streams data at a rate of 1Hz and sends the depth it has measured in the following format: 27.234 27.345 27.232 ….. The ASCII Input interface needs to be configured such that when a position is measured, the depth measurement will be stored as annotation 1 with that point.
Working Example 2 You need to complete a survey on contaminated waste land and using a gas analyser, you wish to measure the level of different gasses at various locations. When a button is pressed on the gas analyser, it will measure the level of 4 different gasses and outputs the results as an ASCII string. This ASCII string has the following format: $GS1 2.786 $GS2 0.034 $GS3 1.395 $GS4 0.
9.13 Interfaces - Hidden Point 9.14 Interfaces - GSI/User Out The Hidden Point interface enables you to configure the port and device used for Hidden Point measurements. The port (1,2 or 3) and the device are displayed. Set the focus on Hidden Point and press EDIT (F3) to modify the Hidden Point device. The GSI/User Out interface enables you to export a job with a format file through a port on the sensor to a total station or any other device. The port (1, 2 or 3) and the device are displayed.
9.15 Interfaces - Remote For more information on exporting ASCII files using a Format file template refer to chapter 13.7 Transfer GSI/ User. The Remote interface enables you to configure the Remote control mode and the device connected to the sensor. In most of the cases the sensor will be controlled via the TR500 connected to the Terminal port. Alternatively a remote computer can be used to steer the sensor.
9.16 Interfaces - PPS Out The PPS Out interface enables you to configure the PPS (Pulse Per Second) output port and parameters. This function is available only if the necessary hardware exists. Select PPS Out and press EDIT (F3). Set PPS Out to Yes. Set the PPS Rate at which the pulse shall be output. Select between 0.1 20 seconds. If an external device is connected to the sensor an OWI or LB2 message can be transmitted at the time the PPS is output.
9.17 Interfaces - Event Input The Limit Error is the time limit within which PPS shall be generated. If the time accuracy exceed this value no PPS output is generated. Change Limit Error to YES and enter a value in nanoseconds. The following technical details provide pulse characteristics and cable connectivity. The time pulse has a 3.3V peak (= High) on a 50 ohm resistance. The pulse length is 25 usec with the leading edge coinciding with the beginning of each epoch.
Press PARAM (F5) to modify additional parameters. Extern Bias - Enables you to define a calibration value according to the external event device and cable used. Time Guard - If two or more events take place during the time (in seconds) defined, only the first event will be recorded. Enter 0 to accept all events. The shortest recording time is 1 second, however all events will be counted. If both event input ports are used select the Event Port number and set the parameters for each.
The ASCII message takes the following format: $PLEIR,EIX,ssssssss,tttttttt,nnnn,cccc,dddd*hh Format $PLEIR, EIX, sssssssss, tttttttt, nnnn cccc dddd *hh Content Header Message identifier = event input “1” or “2” GPS time of week of event (in msec) GPS time of week of event (sub msec in nsec) GPS week number Event count Event pulse count1 Check sum Carriage return Line feed 1 This is the count of all pulses including those violating the specified time guard boundary conditions.
10. Status The Status of all Receiver functions can be accessed through the STATUS key at any time. Status is divided into 4 main sub menus. 10.1 Real-Time Input Status Real-Time Status is available when a Real-Time reference or Real-Time rover is being used. The information available differs with the operation mode. The panels below describe what would be seen when an RTK reference or rover is being used with Leica data format.
Press DATA (F3) for information about the data being received from the satellites. Press AMBIG (F4) for information about the ambiguity resolution process. Sat - The number of the chosen satellite Phase L1 - The number of phase cycles from the Antenna to the satellite on L1. Phase L2 - The number of phase cycles from the Antenna to the satellite on L2. Code L1 - The pseudorange to the satellite from L1 data. Code L2 - The pseudorange to the satellite from L2 data.
10.2 Stop and Go Indicator 2. Real-Time Reference The Stop & Go Indicator gives information regarding the amount of time spent on a point and the amount of time required at a point. Static Mode The information displayed differs, depending on whether you are in static or moving mode. Data Format - The data format being sent. Sats L1/L2 - The number of satellites on L1/L2 being used in the computation. Last sent - The amount of time since the last message was sent.
Cycle Slips - The number of cycle slips that have occurred on L1/L2 since recording commenced on the current point. GDOP - The current calculated value for PDOP or GDOP. Obs Rec Rate - The Observation Recording Rate currently set. Static Obs - The number of Static Observations (epochs) recorded at this point. Completed Criteria - If no special settings have been made in the Configuration Set, the percentage is a conservative estimate based on a 1015km baseline.
10.3 Position Press VELCY (F4) to view velocity information. Your velocity in the horizontal and vertical directions is given together with the bearing for the horizontal direction. Moving Mode 5 Sats since - The length of time that 5 satellites have been observed for. In Kinematic on the Fly operations, it is important to observe 5 satellites for about three minutes or so without interruption at the beginning of the chain. GDOP - The current calculated value for PDOP or GDOP.
In the rover advanced mode, you may also use the GRADE (F5) key. In the subsequent panel STATUS\ Grade, information about the grade between an origin point and the current rover position is displayed based on four different methods. According to the update rate, the individual values are updated automatically. Note that the highest update rate in this panel is 1 second even though the general update rate might be set to a value < 1 second. To define the method, highlight the Method field and press ENTER.
Grade <1:> - Grade between the first point and the current rover position. grade = 1 : slope = ∆V : ∆H positive for cut slopes negative for fill slopes + ∆V : ∆H ∆H cut slope ∆V ∆V − ∆V : ∆H ∆H fill slope Grade <%> - Grade between the first point and the current rover position in percent. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Hgt Diff - Orthometric height difference between the origin point and the current rover position.
10.4 Logging Status Information about the raw GPS data logging is given. Logging - Indicates whether raw GPS data logging is active or not. StaticObs/Moving Obs - The number of Static or Moving observations (epochs) recorded in this interval. Static or Moving Obs are displayed depending on the current measuring mode. # DB Pts - Total number of points contained in the Job’s database, i.e. manually recorded points as well as Auto-Points. Total Size - The memory occupied by the current Job.
10.5 Satellite Status Information about the satellites is given. QI1 & QI2 - The quality indicator of the phase measurement reconstruction is given for L1 (QI1) and L2 (QI2). TRACK (F2) Allows toggling between elevation/ azimuth and tracking/searching information. Sat - The PRN number of each observed satellite is given. Sat - The PRN number of each observed satellite is given.
HELTH (F4) SKY (F5) the elevation mask back to its original value. SYMB (F3) - Toggles the display of the satellites in the graphic to satellite symbols. Press cursor down key. The PRN numbers of Bad (unhealthy) satellites, OK (healthy) satellites and satellites for which no data is available are listed. 10. Status Displays a sky plot showing positions of the satellites and related information of the highest 6 satellites.
10.6 Point Log Status REF (F6) This key is available when the Receiver is configured as a real-time rover. A log of all points in the currently selected job is displayed in order of time. Pressing this key gives information about the satellites being tracked at the Reference station. Further information is available by pressing the INFO (F5) key. The column Crd Source appears and displays the source of the coordinates for each point. Calculated - calculated from other sets of coordinates. E.g.
10.7 Code Log Status 10.8 Message Log Status The last 5 codes that have been used from the current codelist are displayed. Should you select a different codelist for use, this log will be cleared. The last 100 messages displayed on the terminal are listed in order of time (most recent first). This log can only be deleted by pressing DEL-A (F4). Pressing INFO (F5) reveals the time at which the code was recorded. Pressing INFO (F5) reveals the time and date that the message appeared. 10.
10.10 Sensor Status Battery Ext - Amount of charge remaining in the external battery. Bat PC-Card - Battery status of the SRAM PC Card battery. The three status levels are OK, Low and Error. Note that you should change the PCCard Battery when it becomes Low. Failure to do so may result in loss of data. Ensure that any data on the card is backed up before changing the battery. PC Flash Cards do not use a battery. Bat Backup - Receiver system backup battery.
10.12 Interfaces Status Gives an overview of all interfaces and the port and device currently assigned for that interface. For example, a sensor is being used as a real time rover with a Satelline radio attached to port 1 and hidden points are being collected using a DISTO connected to port 2. The NMEA output and the ASCII Input are not currently configured. To get detailed information on the status of single interfaces press the IFACE (F3) button.
11. Applications Applications contains a number of miscellaneous functions that are not necessarily related. From within this menu item you may determine coordinate systems, carry out point management functions, access an on-board calculator, define wake-up sessions and access any of the standard and/or optional application programs (assuming the security code has been entered). For further description of the optional Application programs please refer to the appropriate manuals. 11.
For cases where there is no information regarding the ellipsoid and/or map projection and/or you wish to force the GPS measurements to tie in with local existing control then the One Step approach may be the most suitable. 1. 3D Helmert Transformation: Ellipsoid and Projection must be known, Geoid information is optional. The 2-Step approach takes the local ellipsoid and map projection into account and can therefore be used for larger areas than 1-Step transformations.
When ASCII is selected, the ASCII (F4) key is available. Use this key to define the format of the ASCII file. When you have selected the source for the local points Press CONT (F1) until you return to the COORDSYS\ Determination Begin screen. Use the CSYS (F6) key to view the list of current Coordinate Systems. Use NEW (F2) to define a new coordinate system. Note the difference between define and determine. Here you can define a Coordinate System using an existing transformation.
2-Step is a transformation type where information about the local ellipsoid, map projection and a pre-transformation is required. Pre-Transf - Available only if a 2-Step transformation type is selected. It is a preliminary 3D transformation which is used together with the selected projection to obtain preliminary grid coordinates to be used for a final 2D transformation. Select a pre-transformation from the list or open the list and enter a new transformation by pressing NEW (F2).
Use INFO (F5) to see where the geoid model is stored, which ellipsoid the model is based on and the date and time of creation. CSCS Model - If a CSCS Model is to be applied, press ENTER and select it from this list. Use SHIFT + PARAM (F5) to view the parameters defining the CSCS Model Field File. Use SHIFT + PARAM (F5) to view the parameters defining the Geoid Model Field File. Press CONT (F1) to return to COORDSYS\Type Selection. Press CONT (F1) to return to COORDSYS\Type Selection.
Defining a map projection Most map projections conform to a standard type and will need to be defined before being used for the first time. From the COORDSYS\ Type Selection screen, open the Projection list. Enter the name of your projection and select the type of projection. Although the majority of projections are Transverse Mercator, UTM or Lambert, a variety are available. Input the parameters of your projection, not forgetting to scroll down the complete list and enter all parameters.
New WGS84 points may be measured from here using NEWOC (F5). Press CONT (F1) to return to this panel. To edit an existing coordinate pair, select the pair and press EDIT (F3). Make any necessary adjustments and press CONT (F1) to return to this panel. Use DEL (F4) to unmatch the selected coordinate pair. When a Classical type transformation is being selected, the PARAM (F5) key is available after pressing SHIFT.
Classical Transformation Results 1-STEP/ 2-STEP Transformation Results The Name and Trans formation Model (Trans model) used are displayed. The transformation is split into a 2D Helmert transformation for position and a Height Interpolation. Values that are marked with a star indicate where the highest residuals lie. Then the calculated translation parameters are displayed. Use INFO (F5) to view the height residuals. Shift dX, dY, dZ - Shift along X, Y and Z axes.
For a 2-Step transformation first the pre-transformation is applied to obtain auxiliary cartesian coordinates. Then the specified map projection is applied on the given ellipsoid. For both methods this results in a temporary auxiliary grid. A 2D Helmert transformation is then performed between the auxiliary grid and the given local system. The position transformation results are given first. Shift dX, dY - Shift along the X and Y axes. Rotation - Rotation about the Z axis.
In COORDSYS\ Parameters press CONT (F1) to proceed. An overview of the Coordinate System is given. Coord Sys - The Coordinate System name. Trans Type - The type of transformation used. Residuals - The method by which residuals will be distributed throughout the transformation area is displayed. This may help the transformation result be more realistic and help disperse any strains in the 11. Applications transformation.
11.2 Adding Points to Existing Coordinate Systems Points may be added to existing Coordinate Systems. This is useful if you have to measure outside of an existing transformation area and therefore need to extend the area by measuring the WGS84 coordinates of a point known in the local system that lies outside of the existing transformation area.
11.3 Point Management Enables you to manage the points contained in the currently selected Job. You may also set a point filter according to varying criteria. Select Point Management and press CONT (F1). Each point is displayed with the time and date on which it was recorded. Note that automatically recorded points will only be displayed if Store Pt Db is set to YES in the CONFIGURE\ Position Logging panel (see chapter 5.4 for details).
Pressing INFO (F5) again reveals the CQ (coordinate quality) and the coordinate class. The coordinate class in ascending order may be: MEAS - Point measured once AVRG - Point measured more than once and coordinates averaged. Regardless of whether Avg or Abs is selected in the Threshold settings, points with more than one associated measured point will still be shown as average here. CTRL - Point user entered or held fixed with no accuracy matrix. Use NEW (F2) to enter a new point.
When a Configuration Set is being used where Advanced mode is set, the averaging functionality in Threshold Settings is set to Abs and the point contains more than one measurement, then the ABS (F6) key is available. When SHIFT is pressed the JOB (F3) key enables you to change the current job. Note - this function is not available if you access Point Management with a Hot-Key.
Filter By - Sets a filter on the points contained in the Job. Used if you only want to display points belonging to a specific subset. Note that when set, the filter also applies to every screen on the list where you can access the point list. No Filter - No filter set. The occupation with the highest class that exists for each point is displayed. (Class is in following descending order: CTRL, AVRG, MEAS).
By pressing STAKE (F6) you may select an additonal stake out filter. The options No Filter, Points to Stake and Staked Points are available. When you have set the required Filter press CONT (F1) to continue. 11.4 Calculator 11.5 Wake-up Sessions The Calculator functions according to the RPN principle. This has the advantage that complicated calculations require less keystrokes. It is available for any calculation you wish to make.
Any existing Wake-up Sessions are displayed. Job - Select the job which should be used to record the point(s)/data. If it will be carried out on an unknown point, leave it set at ---. Define a Point Id template in the Configuration Set. Define a name alone, without any automatic increment if you always wish the point to have the same point ID. Define a name with an automatic increment if you wish the point to have a different Point ID for each wake-up session. Use NEW (F2) to enter a new Wakeup Session.
11.6 COGO The COGO functions enable you to calculate new points using existing data. This existing data may be existing coordinates of points, existing known distances or existing known angles. Instead of using existing points from the Job database, points can be measured on the spot and used for computation. In order to use the COGO functions local grid coordinates must be available i.e. a local coordinate system must be defined.
Inverse Local coordinate system attached: This function enables you to calculate the inverse between two grid or two geodetic points. All coordinates used in the program can be entered manually, selected from the database or measured. Press CONT (F1) to return to the COGO\ Menu. No local coordinate system attached: The Grid Bearing (Azimuth), Grid Distance and the Height Difference are displayed. To display Geodetic Azimuth and Ellipsoidal Distance press GEOD (F2).
Input: P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h / Lat, Long, h) P2 - End point of line (E, N, h / Lat, Long, h) Output: α - Grid Bearing / Geodetic Azimuth d - Grid Distance / Ellipsoidal Distance - Height Difference 11. Applications 292 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Traverse Single point computation: This function enables you to calculate one or more new points by defining a start point and entering its distance and azimuth from the start point. Press COMP (F1) to start the computation. Easting, Northing and Height of the new point are displayed. Enter the start point of the line or press NEWOC (F5) to measure a new point. Enter the Bearing (Azimuth), the optional Parallel Offset and the Horizontal Distance.
Multiple point computation: The point stored is associated with a traverse execution. Therefore, it is suggested as next start point. Distance. Press TRAV (F3) to continue the traverse or SIDE (F4) for a single side shot. Enter the Bearing (Azimuth), the optional Parallel Offset and the Horizontal Distance. Instead of entering these values manually you may calculate them from two existing points by pressing INV (F2).
Input: P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h) α - Bearings (Azimuths) d - Horizontal Distances Output: P2 - First traverse point (E, N, h) P3 - Second traverse point (E, N, h) P4 - Third traverse point (E, N, h) ... Side1 - Side point (E, N, h) Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 295 11.
Intersection: Bearing - Bearing Press COMP (F1) to start the computation. This function enables you to calculate the intersection point of two lines. The lines may be defined by a point and a bearing (azimuth). Easting, Northing and Height of the intersection point are displayed. Enter the start point of the first line or press NEWOC (F5) to measure a new point. Enter the Bearing (Azimuth) and the optional Parallel Offset.
Intersection: Bearing - Distance Press COMP (F1) to start the computation. This function enables you to calculate the intersection point(s) of a line and a circle. The line is defined by a point and a bearing (azimuth) and the circle by the centre point and the radius. Easting, Northing and Height of the first intersection point are displayed. To display the second intersection point press OTHER (F3). Enter the start point 1 of the line or press NEWOC (F5) to measure a new point.
Intersection: Distance - Distance This function enables you to calculate the intersection point(s) of two circles. The circles are defined by a the centre point and the radius. Easting, Northing and Height of the first intersection point are displayed. The first intersection point is the point left of the line P1-P2. To display the second intersection point press OTHER (F3). Enter the point 1 of the first circle or press NEWOC (F5) to measure a new point.
Distance -- Offset This function enables you to calculate the distance and offset values of an offset point from a line defined by two points, the bearing and distance of the baseline, the location of the offset point in relation to the baseline and the bearing from the offset point to the baseline. Enter the start and end point of the line or press NEWOC (F5) to measure new points. Enter the offset point. Press COMP (F1) to start the computation. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Set Point by Distance -- Offset This function enables you to calculate a point by using the distance (chainage) and offset values from a line. The line is defined by two points. Enter the first and the second point of the line or press NEWOC (F5) to measure new points. Enter the Distance along the line and the Perpendicular Distance (Offset). Enter a negative Distance if the point lies behind the start point of the line P1-P2. Enter a negative Perp.
3 Point Arc This function enables you to calculate the centre point and the radius of an arc defined by three points Easting, Northing and Height of the centre point are displayed. To display the Radius press MORE (F6). Enter the three points on the arc or press NEWOC (F5) to measure new points. Press COMP (F1) to start the computation. Enter a Point Id, change the Height if neccessary and press STORE (F1) will bring you back to the COGO\ Arcs menu.
Distance on Arc This function enables you to calculate a point on an arc defined by three points and based on the arc distance. Easting, Northing and Height of the new point on the arc are displayed. Enter the three points on the arc or press NEWOC (F5) to measure new points. Enter the Arc Distance starting from the first point. Enter a Point Id, change the Height if neccessary and press STORE (F1) will bring you back to the COGO\ Arcs menu.
11.7 Area The Area function enables you to calculate an area based upon points in the database. The area segments may be defined as lines or arcs. The nodes along the perimeter of the area must be defined clockwise. In order to use the area function, local grid coordinates must be available i.e. a local coordinate system must be defined. Job - Change the current Job if necessary. Area - Select between defining a New Area or modify the Last Area.
11.8 Line Division Press DEL (F4) to delete an segment. To finish the area definition and start the calculation press CALC (F1). The last point is automatically joined with the first point of the definition and the result is displayed. This application allows a line to be created and then this line can be segmented creating any number of points along this line. These points can then be staked out if required. PLOT (F5) displays a praphical screen showing the outline of the defined area.
Job – Allows access to the standard JOB\ panel with full functionality.The job that is shown on entering this panel is the currently active job. Select the job containing the points from which the line will be created. Type - Allows the selection between the two ways in which a line may be defined. The two choices are Start + Endpoint and Start + Dst + Bg (Startpoint + Distance + Bearing). Depending on your selection different menu items become available.
Strt Pnt Id - Allows a point ID to be entered from which all subsequently created points from this line division will be assigned. PtIDInc/Dec - Allows to enter a positive or negative integer value which will be used to create the point Ids that the newly created points will be assigned. The new points will be stored in the chosen job as user entered grid points and can then be staked out using the usual stake-out routines. 11. Applications 306 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
12. Utilities 12.1 Directory of Memory Device The Utilities menu item is revealed by pressing SHOW (F4) from the Main Menu. The directory of the currently selected memory device is displayed. Utilities contains file, memory and security utilities. If an internal memory is fitted, DEVCE (F5) will be available. Use this to access the directory of the internal memory. To enter a directory, highlight it and press ENTER. To move up a level out of a sub-directory, highlight the double points and press ENTER.
12.2 Format Memory Module GSI - Contains any GSI files created through the Transfer command on the Receiver. Enables you to reformat a memory device. All data will be erased and a fresh directory structure created. If you format the System RAM all system data such as Almanac, User defined Configuraton Sets, User defined Antennas, Codelists, Geoid Model Field Files and CSCS Model Field Files will be lost. IDEX - Contains any IDEX files created through the Transfer command on the Receiver.
12.3 Enter Security Code 12.4 Self Test The security code is required to activate optional application programs. A memory self test can be performed on both the PC card and the internal memory device (if fitted). Select the application program you wish to activate and then enter the security code supplied by Leica Geosystems when you purchased the option. The self test will test the chosen memory device for bad sectors or corrupted data and report on the result.
13. Transfer Transfer enables you to transfer all types of data between different data devices on the Receiver. Transfer of data to SKI-Pro is carried out from within SKI-Pro. 13.1 Job 13.2 Config Set Enables you to Transfer a Job between PC Card and Internal Memory. Enables you to transfer Configuration Sets between Sensors and PC Cards. Select From where you wish to transfer the Job. The device To which the Job will be transferred will automatically selected.
13.3 Coordinate System 13.4 Antenna Info 13.5 Codelist Enables you to transfer Coordinate Systems between Sensors and PC Cards. Enables you to transfer Antenna Info Records between Sensors and PC Cards. Enables you to transfer Codelists between Sensors and PC Cards. Select From where you wish to transfer the Coordinate System. The device To which the Coordinate System will be transferred will be automatically selected. Select From where you wish to transfer the Antenna Info Record.
13.6 ASCII/GSI to Job Enables you to convert an ASCII file into a Job. The reason to convert an ASCII file to a job is mainly for Stake Out. When staking points there are many advantages to stake out points stored in a job rather than staking from an ASCII file. For example, points stored in a job can be filtered and sorted, individual points can be found more quickly and so on. The ASCII file may be in a simple Format (e.g. Pt Id, East, North, Height) or in GSI8 or GSI16 format (e.g.
When ASCII File is selected, the ASCII (F4) key becomes available. Use this to define the format of the ASCII file. Select the file Type of the source file. GSI File or ASCII File. The file must be located in the \GSI directory for GSI files and in the \DATA directory for ASCII files. Select the file From which you want to convert and the Job To which the points shall be added. Hgt Type - Visible in Advanced mode only. Allows the point to be imported as either height type Ortho or Ellipsoidal.
13.7 GSI / User Enables you to convert a Job into an ASCII file using a Format file. Format files define the format of the final ASCII file and are created using Leica Format Manager software. Use SHIFT - LHS (F3) to define the GSI coordinate switch. Switch 81/82 - YES activates the coordinate switch.
Press IFACE (F5) and set Use Device to YES. When Leica TPS300/700 is selected and connected to the GPS receiver, select the Job Number to which job the data should be sent. The Job Name of existing jobs in the TPS instrument is displayed. For a new job, type in a name. When transfering into an existing TPS job, all fixpoints in that job are deleted during transfer. If data is being transferred to a Geodimeter total station, then the total station must be in a mode ready to receive data.
13.8 Geoid Field File 13.9 CSCS Field File 13.10 Firmware Enables you to transfer Geoid Field Files between Sensors and PC Cards. Enables you to transfer CSCS Field Files between Sensors and PC Cards. Enables you to transfer Receiver firmware from the PC Card to the Sensor. Select From where you wish to transfer the Geoid Field File. The device To which the Geoid Field File will be transferred will be automatically selected. Select From where you wish to transfer the CSCS Field File.
13.11 Firmware TR500 13.12 Language Version 13.13 Application Text Enables you to transfer Terminal firmware from the PC Card through the Sensor to the Terminal. Enables you to transfer Local Language files of the system software to the Sensor from a PC Card. Enables you to transfer a language file for the optional Application programs from the PC Card to the Sensor. Version - Select the firmware version that you wish to transfer. Version - Select the language version that you wish to transfer.
13.14 Almanac 13.15 Account File 13.16 CFC Log Mask File Enables you to transfer GPS Satellite Almanac Files to the Sensor from a PC Card. Enables you to transfer a Telemax Account File between PC Card and Sensor. Enables you to transfer a Cultivated Field Control Log Mask File between PC Card and Sensor. Almanac - Select the Almanac that you wish to transfer. Select From where you wish to transfer the Account file.
13.17 Beacon Station List 13.18 Modem/GSM Station List 13.19 System Enables you to transfer a Beacon Station List between PC Card and Sensor. Enables you to transfer Modem/GSM Station details between PC Card and Sensor. Select From where you wish to transfer the Beacon Station List. The device To which the Beacon Station List will be transferred will be automatically selected. Select From where you wish to transfer the Modem/GSM Station List.
13.20 Any File Type Enables you to transfer any file between the DATA directories on the memory devices. Select From where you wish to transfer the file. The device To which the file will be transferred will be selected automatically. File - Other namings than Sysram.sys are not allowed. Select From where you wish to transfer the File. The device To which the File will be transferred will be automatically selected. File - Select the File. Press ALL (F3) to select all the Files. 13.
Appendix A - Operating and Storage Temperatures Component Receiver Terminal Antenna PC Flash Cards Internal Memory Operation -20°C to +55°C -20°C to +55°C -40°C to +75°C -20°C to +75°C -20°C to +55°C Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix B - Observation Times Obs. Method No. sats. GDOP< 8 Baseline Length Approximate observation time By day By night Rapid Static 4 or more 4 or more 5 or more Up to 5 km 5 to 10 km 10 to 15 km 5 to 10 mins 10 to 20 mins Over 20 mins 5 mins 5 to 10 mins 5 to 20 mins Static 4 or more 4 or more 15 to 30 km Over 30 km 1 to 2 hours 2 to 3 hours 1 hour 2 hours Appendix B 322 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix C - Seismic Record Format Seismic records may be generated and saved along with the point information. They take the following format: Record Content @ @,GSE,V,M,gg.g,pp.p,hh.h,vv.v,aaa.aaa,ss,eee,ii,REC,RSN GSE Version M Example @GSE12 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.220 5 1 2SR530 001899 gg.g pp.p hh.h vv.v aaa.aaa ss eee ii REC RSN Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 323 Description Record Flag. @ = Automatically stored (not user entered). Record Type. GSE = GPS SEismic.
Appendix D - Defined Line File Format Lines that have been defined in Stakeout are stored in the file STK_Line.txt in the data directory of the memory device. Up to 100 lines may be stored in this file. Record Format @< Line records take the following format, separator is a space, but no space after @< and @>. The linear unit is Meter and the angular unit is Gon. @
Appendix E - NMEA Message Formats The Receiver can output a variety of NMEA messages. These can be set using the CONFIG key or may be steered from a connected device using a query message. Note that a Talker ID appears at the beginning of the header. This is normally GP for GPS but may be set by the user in CONFIG\NMEA. The query message format is the same for every NMEA message apart from the message identifier. Format $PLEIQ, XXX, x, x *hh Content Header, message sent from Outside World.
In the listing of NMEA messages, certain symbols are used as identifier for the field types. They are: Special Format Fields A Status llll.ll Latitude yyyyy.yy Longitude eeeeee.eee Grid Easting nnnnnn.nnn Grid Northing Appendix E Single character field: A = Yes, Data Valid, Warning Flag Clear V = No, Data Invalid, Warning Flag Set Fixed / Variable length field: degreesminutes.
GGA - Global Positioning System Fix Data Numeric Value Fields x.x hh_ Variable numbers Fixed HEX field Varaible length integer or floating numeric field. Optional leading and trailing zeros. (example: 73.10 = 73.1 = 073.1 = 73) Fixed length HEX numbers only Format Content $GPGGA, Header, incl.
GGK - Real-Time Position with DOP GGK(PT) - Real-Time Position with DOP Format Content This message type is Trimble proprietary. $GPGGK, Header, incl.
GGQ - Real-Time Position with CQ GLL - Geodetic Position - Latitude, Longitude Format Content Format Content $GPGGQ, Header, incl.
GNS - GNSS Fix Data GSA - GPS DOP and Active Satellites Format Content Format1 Content $XXGNS, Header, message sent from Receiver. XX=GP - GPS only, XX=GL - GLONASS only, XX=GNCombined GPS/GLONASS UTC time of position Latitude Hemisphere “N”/“S” Longitude “E”/“W” Mode Indicator N = No Fix A = Autonomous. GPS Nav Fix D = Differential. DGPS Fix P = Precise Nav (no deliberate degradation such as SA) R = Real Time Kinematic. RTK Fix F = Float RTK.
GSV - GPS Satellites in View LLK - Leica Local Position and GDOP Format Content Format Content $GPGSV, Header, incl. Talker ID, message sent from Receiver Total number of messages, 1 to 3 Message number, 1 to 3 Total number of satellites in view Satellite PRN number Elevation, degrees, 90° maximum Azimuth, degrees True, 000 to 359 SNR (C/No) 00-99 dB, null when not tracking 2nd-3rd SV $GPLLK, Header, incl.
LLQ - Leica Local Position and Quality VTG - Course Over Ground and Ground Speed Format Content Format Content $GPLLQ, Header, incl.
ZDA - Time and Date Format Content $GPZDA, Header, incl. Talker ID,message sent from Receiver UTC time UTC Day, 01 to 31 UTC Month, 01 to 12 UTC Year, 1997 to ... Local zone description, hours (-13 to 13) (±) Local zone description, minutes (00 to 59) Checksum Carriage Return Line Feed hhmmss.ss, xx, xx, xxxx, xx, xx *hh Note - This message is given high priority and is output as soon as it is created. Latency is therefore reduced to a minimum. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix F - Pin Assignments and Sockets Port 1 Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat1) 8 +12V2) Appendix F Port2/PWR Pin Function 1 Bat1) 2 +12V2) 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx Port 3 Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat1) 8 +12V2) Terminal Pin Function 1 KDU_ON 2 KDU_PWR 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 334 PWR Pin 1 2 3 4 5 Function Bat1) +12V2) GND ----- Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
1) 2) Input into sensor Output out from sensor Sockets Port 1 and 3: Lemo FGA.1B.308.CLCD.x2Z Port 2, PWR: Lemo FGG.1B.305.CLCx.xxZ Event: Lemo ERN.0S.250.CTL PPS: Lemo HGP.00.250.CTL Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix G - Data Device Directory Structure The following structure refers to PC Cards and Internal Memory. It shows where files are stored for transfer to and from the System RAM and where data is stored. CODE All Codelists CONVERT All Format files from Format Manager Cultivated Field Control Log Mask File DATA User-defined ASCII files STK_Line.
GPS Antenna Info Record Files beacon.txt (Beacon Station List) Stations.bin (Modem / GSM Station List) CONF Configuration Sets PROG Firmware Files Language Files Sysram.sys (System RAM file) SERVICES Telemax Accountfiles GSI GSI Files IDEX IDEX Files LOG Log Files from Application Programs Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix H - External Devices Interfaces An interface should be considered as a function of the sensor. For example, Real-Time is one function that can be activated on the sensor, Hidden Point is another function and so on. Devices A device should be considered as both the hardware which is used in connection with an interface and the parameters that allow the hardware to communicate with the sensor.
RS232 Port 1, 2 and 3 of the Sensor are standard RS232 interfaces. If you are using an external device that is not directly supported you may use the default RS232 configuration. Enter a name and change the parameters according to the specification of your external device. By default a standard RS232 device is available in the list. RS232 - Standard parameters with 9600 baud rate. Press CONT (F1) to store the device. To create a new standard RS232 device highlight RS232 and select NEW (F2).
Radio and Repeaters Radio devices are normally used to transmit or receive Real-Time data. Additionally a Radio device may also be used to steer and communicate with the Sensor e.g. to download raw data from a remote location etc.
Radio Modems and Channel Switching Channel switching is supported with Satelline 2ASx, 2ASxE, 3AS/3ASd and Pacific Crest RFM96 modems. It offers you the ability to set the channel on the radio modem. This changes the frequency at which the radio operates by a small amount. This can be used in the following situations: Case 1 Two Real-Time Reference stations are set up at two locations, each broadcasting on two different channels. This gives the Rover two advantages: 1.
Channel switching is available via CONFIGURE\ Interfaces. Highlight the device to switch channels and press CTRL (F5). Appendix H For the radio modems Satelline 3AS, Pacific Crest RFM96W and Pacific Crest PDL, the channel to which the radio is set is checked and displayed. For other radios than those, a similar check is technically impossible. Therefore, the channel displayed does not necessarily coincide with the actual radio channel. Enter a Channel number and confirm with CONT (F1).
Highlight the reference station you wish to use. CONT (F1) returns to the previous panel. The number of the selected reference station is taken over into the Ref Stn Id line. With User defined you may press SCAN (F5) to access a list of reference stations transmitting on the particular channel. The list shows the reference station IDs, the RTK format used for transmitting and the latency (time delay) with which the messages are sent.
GSM GSM devices are normally used to transmit or receive Real-Time data. Additionally a GSM device may also be used to steer and communicate with the Sensor e.g. to download raw data from a remote location etc.
Press the OPT (F4) key to access the GSM options. The GSM options enable you to define the AT commands used for communiction between the sensor and the GSM phone. Dial - This is the dialing string used to dial the phone number. A placeholder shall be used to insert the phone number as defined in GSM Connection. Hangup - This is the hangup sequence used to end the network connection. Under Type select User and modify the remaining parameters.
User defined enables you to define which reference station data will be received from according to its Ref Stn Id. Select the Station to contact. The phone Number of the Station (Reference) and the type of Protocol to be used are displayed. Accept Ref - Defines which reference station to accept real-time data from. Choose from the following: Any Received means that the sensor will accept data from any reference station from which it receives data.
The SCAN functionality can be used to check the data format of a GSM reference. Pressing SCAN (F5) establishes a connection to the GSM reference. The reference station id, the data format used for transmitting and the latency (time delay) of the GSM reference station is displayed. To enter a new GSM station, highlight Station in panel CONFIGURE\ GSM Station and press ENTER. All existing stations are listed. To edit a station, highlight it and press EDIT (F3).
Press the CODES (F3) key to input your PIN code. Press Shift and then CMD (F4) to SEND (F3) an AT command to the GSM. Note that this functionality can only be employed in Advanced Mode. When a GSM Phone is configured a softkey CONEC (F4) or DISCO (F4) becomes available upon pressing SHIFT in the MAIN, SURVEY and STAKEOUT screen. Press CONT (F1) in the CONFIGURE\ GSM Connection panel to return to CONFIGURE\ Interfaces. If for some reason the PIN code is blocked (E.g.
Status of the GSM phone To access the GSM status press STATUS /Interfaces, highlight the GSM device and press VIEW (F3). Information about the connected GSM phone is displayed. Firmware - Current firmware release. Operator - GSM network operator. Status - Registration status. Signal Level - Indication of received signal strength on the GSM network. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Modem A Modem device is normally used to communicate with the Sensor e.g. to download data or to transmit NMEA messages etc. The following modem communication settings are as standard included with System 500: Configuring the Modem U.S. Robotics 56K Sprint PCS Motorola Timeport P8167 From CONFIGURE\ Interfaces highlight the interface (e.g. Prim. Remote) you want to use with a modem and press EDIT (F3). If you are using a third party modem make sure it supports AT command language.
Press the OPT (F4) key to access the modem options. The modem options enable you to define the AT commands used for communiction between the sensor and the modem. Hangup - This is the hangup sequence used to end the network connection. Escape - This is the escape sequence used to switch to the command mode before using the hangup sequence. The characters below may be used to define the AT commands: Under Type select User and modify the remaining parameters.
RTB Module (CSI) The RTB (Real Time Beacon) Module receives DGPS corrections from U.S. Coast Guard or other differential correction beacons. It is used for Real-Time applications in the meter or submeter accuracy range. The module consists of a combined GPS/Beacon antenna and a radio module that is available in a detachable housing. Configuration Press RTCM (F6) to set the RTCM version and the number of bits/byte. Press CONT (F1) to continue. In CONFIGURE\ Interfaces press CTRL (F5).
Status of the RTB Module (CSI) To access the RTB Module status press STATUS /Interfaces, highlight the RTB device and press VIEW (F3). Frequency - The frequency on which the RTB module is currently operating. Bit Rate - The bit rate on which the TB module is currently operating. Use the RSTN (F4) key to display the Beacon Stations available on the Sensor. Note that the Beacon Station list has to be transferred to the Sensor before.
RTS Module (Racal) The RTS Module (Racal) receives DGPS corrections from RACAL LandStar satellites. It is used for Real-Time applications in the meter or submeter accuracy range. The module consists of a combined GPS/LandStar antenna and a DGPS radio receiver that is available in a detachable housing. To receive DGPS corrections from the LandStar satellites a corresponding license must be available. Configuration Press RTCM (F6) to set the RTCM version and the number of bits/byte.
If Ref Stn ID is set to Automatic it will search the closest ground station according to your current position. If it is set to User defined you may enter an Id manually or press RSTN (F4) to request a list of all ground stations available. If Channel is set to Auto it will select an appropriate spot beam from the nearest satellite. If it is set to User defined you may enter a Channel number manually. Press CONT (F1) to close the control panel.
SAPOS Using a SAPOS decoder box SAPOS is a reference station service available for Germany. Configuration Two different services are available. RTCM corrections from the closest reference can be received or your own position can be sent to the device which then receives corrections based on a virtual reference station. To make use of this service there are three different options: 1. SAPOS reference decoder box. 2. SMARTgate box. 3. Telemax Service.
Using a SMARTgate box SMARTgate is a device which has GSM and Radio as well as the functionality of the SAPOS-Box integrated (see www.navsys.de). The device is connected to the sensor in the Leica radio housing. To operate this device special userprofiles have to be transferred to the SMARTgate box. Such a user-profile contains information on the kind of communication, the service employed, the account used, a list of reference stations, an acceptable minimum distance etc.
Ref Select - Choose the criterion by which the Reference Station shall be selected. Choose Profile to select the reference station according to the given profile. Viewing the Status of SMARTgate To access the SMARTgate status press STATUS /Interfaces, highlight the SMARTgate device and press DEVCE (F5). Press ACCNT (F3) to display the currently used Account, its Provider, the currently used Service (e.g. EPS or HEPS) and the Credit Unit and Credit Time. CreditUnit - Displays the remaining credit units.
Using the Telemax Service To make use of the Telemax service you first have to transfer the sensor specific Account file to your sensor. A maximum of two Account files may be transferred to each sensor, e.g. one for private and one for nonprivate use. For details on how to transfer such Account Files refer to chapter 13.15 Transfer Telemax Account File. Set a R-Time Data to Rover and set the Data Format to either RTCM 1,2 or RTCM 20,21. Configuration Press DEVCE (F5) to access the device list.
Using Telemax Once you have set the configuration for your GSM phone or the Modem and selected the Telemax service you can establish the connection to the SAPOS station by pressing SHIFTCONEC (F4) in the MAIN, SURVEY or STAKE-OUT panel. Based upon the Account file the Telemax software checks if you have the right to receive uncoded RTCM corrections from the SAPOS station. To disconnect again press SHIFTDISCO (F4) in the MAIN, SURVEY or STAKE-OUT panel. Appendix H 360 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Hidden Point Hidden Point devices are special devices to measure distances, angles and azimuths to points which are not accessible by means of GPS e.g. house corners or trees. These measurements can be used to feed the Hidden Point application which is accessible in the Survey and Stakeout screen when the operation mode is set to Advanced. The following devices are supported: Configuration From CONFIGURE\ Interfaces highlight Hidden Point and press EDIT (F3).
Hgt Offset - Available if Use Device in the current panel and Include Hgt in the panel CONFIGURE\ Hidden Point in the current configuration set (see chapter 5.4.1.) are set to YES. The options are: None - Neither instrument nor target height is considered. The result is the delta height between the center of the external device and the aimed point. This delta height can be measured, estimated or left as zero. Inst Height - The instrument height is considered.
If you are using a device that measures azimuths press EAO (F3) to enter an external angle offset. Select the Method Permanent and enter a value or select New for each Point and the program will prompt for a value during each Hidden Point measurement. Press CONT (F1) to confirm. In order to connect a device to the receiver use only the cable delivered with the device. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix I - MC500 Introduction The MC500 is an OEM GPS receiver, that can be integrated into complete positioning systems. The MC500 receiver has a rugged housing that meets high shock and vibration environmental specifications. This makes the receiver ideal for use in high vibration and other difficult environments - such as Machine Control. Details of these specifications can be found in the MC500 User Manual. The receiver and measurement performance of the MC500 are the same as the SR530.
Standard Features The MC500 includes as standard the following features: PPS Output functionality installed. Event Input functionality installed. Met / Tilt Interface. Ring Buffer Functionality. Ground Stud. Environmental shock absorbers. Dust caps for external ports. Data Storage The MC500 also comes as standard with a PCMCIA card. This card enables data to be stored for postprocessing. This card is installed behind the protective cover. This cover should only be removed by an approved Leica technician.
Port 1 Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat 8 +12V Appendix I Port2/PWR Pin Function 1 Bat 2 +12V 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx Port 3 Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat 8 +12V 366 Terminal Pin Function 1 KDU_ON 2 KDU_PWR 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx PWR Pin 1 2 3 4 5 Function Bat +12V GND ----- Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Operating and Storage Temperatures The range of the operating and storage temperatures of the MC500 is greater than that of the SR5xx sensors: Operating temp: -20°C to +60°C Storage temp: -40°C to +70°C The operating and storage temperatures of all other MC500 components are the same as detailed in Appendix A. Shock and Vibration Specifications Exceeds MIL-STD-810C, Proc VIII. Equip Cat F for Tracked Vehicles Mounting Diagram The attached diagram shows the dimensions for mounting the MC500.
Documentation Packages Please see the following documentation to learn more about the MC500 MC500 User manual OWI Manual Dozer 2000 Installation and Maintenance Manual Dozer 2000 User Manual Dozer 2000 Equipment List Appendix I 368 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Appendix J - RS500 Introduction The RS500 receiver has been designed specifically for use as a reference station. The RS500 uses the same housing and meets the same environmental specifications as the SR5xx sensors, which are detailed in Appendix A. Generally, the RS500 operates in the same manner as the SR530, but is designed to operate for specific reference station applications using remote control software, i.e. Leica Geosystems ControlStation™ software.
Outside World Interface (OWI) External control of the RS500 via remote interface is achieved through use of the Outside World Interface (OWI) command language. The ASCII/NMEA-type message format from Leica as well as the compact Leica Binary 2 format can be used. Integration assistance and OWI documentation is available on request from Leica Geosystems. Powering the RS500 The RS500 can be powered using the Leica standard internal Camcorder batteries or Leica standard external batteries for temporary use.
Using the TR500 with the RS500 When the RS500 is turned on using the TR500, the following screen will appear. The RS500 also has reduced CONFIG and STATUS options. Only the options that are relevant to operating an RS500 are available. Full details on the CONFIG and STATUS menu options available are described in the main body of this manual. TR500 configuration options unique to the RS500 sensor are described in the following sections. The RS500 is supplied as standard with ring buffer functionality.
This required space will be reserved, so that it cannot be used by other applications e.g. standard / primary logging. Ring buffer functionality is primarily designed to be configured using remote control commands from external software and this is how most users will control the ring buffers. However, it is also possible to configure ring buffers by using the TR500 terminal. Configuring the Ring Buffer Press the CONFIG button and then choose 2 Operation and then 6 Ring Buffer.
It is not possible to change the configuration parameters of a ring buffer once data has been recorded to the buffer. Only after deleting the recorded data stored in that buffer, can the configuration parameters be edited. Starting the Ring Buffer Once the chosen ring buffer has been configured, pressing START (F3) activates logging to the ring buffer. Note that if there is insufficient memory available on the chosen device for the ring buffer, then it will not become active.
The ring buffer data will be stored on the chosen memory device in the following directory: \DATA\GPS\RINGBUF The static point which is stored into the ring buffer has the following point Id automatically assigned: Additional External Devices The RS500 supports additional external devices, which may be required for GPS reference stations serving special applications. Currently supported devices are: • Meteorological Data Sensors • Paroscientific, Inc.
Configuring Meteo Devices Press the CONFIG button and then choose 4 Interfaces and then 6 Meteo. Use Device – Set to YES, to activate using a Meteo device and access the configuration options. Port - defines the port to where the Meteo device will be connected. Data Rate – Defines the rate at which data will be requested from the Meteo device. Select between 0.1 to 3600 seconds. Note, the maximum rate possible also depends on the type of Meteo device attached. Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Configuring Tilt Devices Press the CONFIG button and then choose 4 Interfaces and then 7 Tilt. Use Device – Set to YES, to activate using a Tilt device and access the configuration options. Port - defines the port to where the Tilt device will be connected. Data Rate – Defines the rate at which data will be requested from the Tilt device. Select between 0.1 to 3600 seconds. Note, the maximum rate possible also depends on the type of Tilt device attached.
Appendix K- GS50 / GS50+ and GIS Data Collection Introduction This appendix describes the operation and data collection techniques specific to the GS50 / GS50+ and GIS data collection methods. This Appendix should be read in parallel with the main body of this Technical Reference Manual to which the chapters described below refer. The Leica GIS DataPRO system is composed of both hardware and software components. The hardware consists of the GS50 / GS50+ sensor, TR500 terminal and antenna.
Hardware and Accessories The GS50 Receiver The GS50 tracks the L1 C/A code and uses it to reconstruct the carrier phase. Data can be stored for postprocessing in SKI-PRO or GIS DataPRO. Baselines can be calculated up to a precision of 10-20mm +/-2ppm. With a radio modem or other DGPS source the receiver can be used for real-time measurements accepting RTCM code corrections. Coordinates can be calculated with a precision of up to about 0.4 meters.
DGPS For real-time DGPS positioning, the standard equipment employs either public coastguard beacon or satellite differential signal provided by RacalLandstar for differential corrections. Both equipment set-ups are shown to you in the Equipment Setup chapter: Real Time Rover, GIS Rover. Both require the use of GIS DataPRO software. While the Racal-Landstar signal provides global coverage (except in the Polar Regions,) beacon stations only broadcast the public signal in certain areas.
Hardware and Accessories (cont) RACAL/LANDSTAR RTS In addition to the standard features previously listed, additional accesories can be used in conjunction with the GS50 to enhance data collection methods. The RacalLandstar satellite differental module and antenna can be used for Real Time corrections where beacon or reference data is not available.
Hardware and Accessories (cont) LASER RANGEFINDERS AND DISTANCE METERS When objects cannot be occupied directly, a variety of choices are available for offset location and can be interfaced via port 2 on the GS50 / GS50+. The LEICA Disto (Below). The DistoTM pro4 and DistoTM pro4 a are capable of visible light measurement with a range of 100 meters and subcentimer accuracy. For more information on the Disto family of products, please visit http://www.leica-geosystems.com.
Compact Flash and Sensor Transfer Sensor Transfer with SKI-Pro/GIS DataPRO Using the Remote interface it is possible to download data directly from the memory device of the sensor into SKI-Pro or GIS DataPRO through the serial port of the PC without having to remove the TR500 from the Terminal port. Configure the Remote interface to the appropriate port and device as described in chapter 9.15 “InterfacesRemote”. This should normally be Port 2 and RS232 device using the standard System 500 download cable.
Operation and Configuration The GS50 / GS50+ Receiver The GS50 and GS50 + receivers are specifically designed for GIS data collection. It uses a different approach, measure coordinates in a topological format, relating attribute information to geographic location. Like all GIS systems, the GS50 / GS50+ collect three types of features: Points, Lines and Areas. If the sensor is configured as a reference station, there is no difference between the GIS Data Collection and the SR5xx Survey program.
The CONFIG Key Described below are the changes that apply to the use of the CONFIG key in the GS50 and GS50+. For example, the main configuration menu uses the wording GIS Data Collection instead of Survey. Configuration: Satellite The Satellite configuration option uses an additional choice for the track mode. The default choice is Max. Accuracy, the additional choice on GS50 / GS50+ is MaxTrak™. The MaxTrak™ should be used when no GPS measurement would normally be possible.
Configuration: Coding Configuration: Stake-Out The GS50 / GS50+ only allows thematical coding. The Stake-Out Configuration is available under the name Navigation. For this reason, the panel cannot be exited with CONT (F1) if no codelist is available. You can define a new codelist or load a configuration file from the PC-Card. The STORE -> Job configuration option when staking from an ASCII file stake points is not available.This applies to chapter 5.4.
If a user defined point template mask is used on GS50 / GS50+, for example “Point ###” with an increment value 1, the Point Id is shown in the first line of the attribution panel. Configuration: Occupation settings Configuration: Logging The configuration option Auto STORE is not available for GIS Data collection. This is because the GS50 / GS50+ always stores automatically. The configuration of logging for auto logged positions is not available for GIS Data Collection.
Configuration: Formats Configuration: Start-up Configuration: Real-Time The line for configuration of OCUPY counter used in the SR510/20/30 survey program is removed. This is because there is no such counter in the GIS Data Collection Program. The Start-up Configuration allows configuration of the sensor to either create a daily job or to create a job manually. Enter the configuration Start-Up with the CONFIG key. The GS50 is a L1 code-only DGPS receiver.
The STATUS Key Configuration: Hidden Point The full Hidden Point Configuration is available under the different name Offset. This applies to chapters 5.4.1 and 9.13. Appendix K Described below are the changes that refer to the use of the STATUS key. The main status menu uses the wording GIS Data Collection instead of Survey. This difference applies to chapter 10. 388 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Data Collection with the GS50 and GS50+ Described below are the changes that refer to data collection with the GS50 / GS50+. Due to the different measurement program, the chapters 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4 are not applicable at all on a GS50 / GS50+. GIS Navigation/Update: Chapter 7.5, describing Staking Out, is similar for most operations. The small differences are described here. The manual “Getting Started with GS50 / GS50+” is available describing the GS50 / GS50+ main programs in detail. Chapter 7.
Codelist administration on GS50: From chapter 8, Coding, only the chapters up to 8.1.2 apply to the GS50 / GS50+. The GIS thematical coding does not use layers, but differentiates coding types for points, lines and areas. Therefore defining a new code on the GS50 / GS50+ allows entering of the new code with the choice of the type. Appendix K 390 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.
Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland, has been certified as being equipped with a quality system which meets the International Standards of Quality Management and Quality Systems (ISO standard 9001) and Environmental Management Systems (ISO standard 14001). 712646-4.0.
