DSTni-XPress DR User Guide RESET F R A L RS232 RS485 10/100BASE-T SERIAL Revision B 8/03 Part Number 900-288
Copyright and Trademark 2003 Lantronix, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form for any purpose other than the purchaser's personal use, without the express written permission of Lantronix, Inc. Lantronix, Inc.
Disclaimer and Revisions Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user, at his or her own expense, will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference. Attention: This product has been designed to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operating in a commercial environment.
Declaration of Conformity (according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and BS 7514) Manufacturer’s Name & Address: Lantronix, 15353 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618 USA Declares that the following product: Product Name Model: DSTni-XPress DR, DSTni-XPress DR-IAP Device Servers Conforms to the following standards or other normative documents: Safety: EN60950:1988+A1, A2, A3, A4 Electromagnetic Emissions: EN55022: 1998 (CISPR 22, Class A: 1993, A1: 1995, A2: 1996) IEC 1000-3-2/A14: 2000 IEC 1000-3-3: 1994 Electromagne
Warranty Lantronix warrants each Lantronix product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of ONE YEAR after the date of shipment. During this period, if a customer is unable to resolve a product problem with Lantronix Technical Support, a Return Material Authorization (RMA) will be issued. Following receipt of a RMA number, the customer shall return the product to Lantronix, freight prepaid.
Sales Offices The Americas 15353 Barranca Parkway Irvine, CA 92618, USA Phone: (949) 453-3990 Fax: (949) 453-3995 sales@lantronix.com France 2 Rue Hélène Boucher 78280 Guyancourt, France Tel: +33 (0)1 39 30 41 74 Fax: +33 (0)1 39 30 41 73 europesud@lantronix.com Germany Karlstrasse 49 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany Tel: +49 (0)77 20 30 1620 Fax: +49 (0)77 20 30 1688 centraleurope@lantronix.com Japan Ebisu Five Bldg.
Contents Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 DSTni-XPress DR ...............................................................................................1-1 1.2 DSTni-XPress DR-IAP Device Server................................................................1-2 1.2.1 Industrial Automation Protocols .........................................................1-4 1.
Contents 2.4.1 Install DeviceInstaller Software......................................................... 2-6 2.4.2 Assign IP Address and Network Class ............................................... 2-7 2.4.3 Test the IP Address ............................................................................. 2-8 2.4.4 Add the Unit to the Manage List......................................................... 2-9 2.4.5 Opening a Configuration Window.................................................... 2-11 2.
Contents 3.7.1 TCP Keepalive time in s....................................................................3-25 3.7.2 ARP Cache timeout in s ....................................................................3-25 3.8 Security Settings................................................................................................3-25 3.8.1 Disable SNMP...................................................................................3-25 3.8.2 SNMP Community Name ............................................
Contents 7.1 Monitor Mode ..................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.1 Entering Monitor Mode Via the Serial Port........................................ 7-1 7.1.2 Entering Monitor Mode Via the Network Port ................................... 7-1 7.1.3 Monitor Mode Commands.................................................................. 7-1 8. Network Configuration using UDP .................................................................
Contents 10.5 Broadcast Address ...........................................................................................10-2 10.6 IP Netmask ......................................................................................................10-2 10.7 Private IP Networks and the Internet...............................................................10-3 10.8 Network RFCs.................................................................................................10-3 11. Glossary of Terms ..........
Contents List of Tables Table 1 - Serial RJ45 Pinouts................................................................................................. 1-6 Table 2 - Serial Screw-Terminal Pinouts............................................................................... 1-7 Table 3 - Ethernet Interface Signals....................................................................................... 1-8 Table 4 - Front Panel Components ........................................................................
Contents Table 39 - Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion Table ............................................................9-1 Table 40 - Connect Mode Options .........................................................................................9-2 Table 41 - Connect Mode Options for Modem Emulation.....................................................9-4 Table 42 - Disconnect Mode Options.....................................................................................9-5 Table 43 - Flush Mode Options...
Introduction 1. Introduction This manual describes the family of DSTni-XPress DR Device Servers, including the DSTniXPress DR Device Server and the DSTni-XPress DR-IAP Device Server with Industrial Automation Protocols. Most of the material in this manual applies to all of the DSTni-XPress DR products. However, in some cases there will be some features that apply to only one product. In those cases, a note will explain the variation.
Introduction Screw Terminals for RS-232 and RS-485/422 Reset Switch Ethernet Status LEDs RESET F R A L RJ45 Serial Port RS-232 & RS-422/485 Serial Transmit Active LED & Receive Active LED RS232 RJ45 10/100BASE-T Ethernet Port RS-232 or RS-485/422 Select Switch RS485 10/100BASE-T SERIAL Screw Terminals for 9-30VDC or 9-24VAC Figure 1 - DSTni-XPress DR The DSTni-XPress DR supports RS-232, RS-422/485 via its screw terminals and RJ45 serial port.
Introduction RESET F R A L RS232 RS485 10/100BASE-T PLC's SERIAL XPress DR-IAP Figure 2 - RS-485 Multidrop with DSTni-XPress DR-IAP Lantronix provides IAP Device Servers specifically designed for different industrial environments. • DSTni-XPress DR-IAP, with a DIN rail interface for harsh environments or alongside controls instruments in electrical panels. • CoBox-FL-IAP, with fiber connectivity for long cable runs or electrically hazardous environments.
Introduction 1.2.1 Industrial Automation Protocols IAP Device Servers, adapted to multiple factory environments, can unite any mixture of equipment from industrial automation vendors into a single reliable pipeline. This new and open infrastructure opens the way for data to flow in real time from all your plant devices up to your IT layer. IAP Device Servers are delivered with IAP Standard Tunneling protocol and can be loaded with industrial communication protocols.
Introduction 1.3.1 Packing Algorithm The two available packet algorithms (which define how and when packets are sent to the network) are software selectable. The standard algorithm is optimized for applications where DSTni-XPress DR is used in a local environment, allowing for very small delays for single characters while trying to keep the packet count low. The alternate packing algorithm minimizes the packet count on the network and is especially useful for applications in routed Wide Area Networks.
Introduction 1.5 RJ-45 Serial Connector The serial RJ-45 serial connector supports up to 115200 bits per second and has the following signals.
Introduction 1.
Introduction 1.7 RJ-45 Ethernet Interface DSTni-XPress DR supports 10/100Mbit Ethernet through its RJ-45 (10BaseT/100BaseTX) connector. Table 3 - Ethernet Interface Signals Signal Name DIR TX+ TXRX+ RX- Out Out In In PIN 1 2 3 6 Primary Function Transmit Data + Transmit Data Differential Ethernet Receive Data + Differential Ethernet Receive Data - The next drawing shows a typical RJ-45 connector. The color is not standard but very typical of an Ethernet Patch cable.
Introduction 1.8 Serial Interface Connections The serial device can be RS-232 or RS-485/422 and the connections can be screw terminals or RJ-45 connector. This section shows several practical methods for making the hardware connections. The following diagrams show typical interface cables for the RS-232 Serial interface and the Ethernet interface. 1.8.1 9-Pin RS-232 to Serial RJ-45 This connection assumes you are connecting a typical PC (COM1) to the DSTni-XPress DR through the serial RJ-45 connector.
Introduction 1.8.2 9-Pin RS-232 to Serial Screw Terminals This connection assumes you are connecting a typical PC (COM1) to the DSTni-XPress DR through the serial screw terminals.
Introduction 1.9 Front Panel Description The following figure illustrates the screw block connector pinouts and other components of the DSTni-XPress DR. See Table 4 - Front Panel Components for explanations corresponding to the circled numbers.
Introduction Table 4 - Front Panel Components Item 1 Component Screw terminal Name RXD or RXA 2 Screw terminal CTS or RXB 3 Screw terminal RTS or TXB 4 Screw terminal TXD or TXA 5, 6, 7 8 9 10 Screw terminal Screw terminal Reset switch LED (Red) NC GND RESET Fault or Configuration 11 12 13 LED (Green) LED (Yellow) LED (Green) Ready Activity Link 14 15 16 Connector (RJ45) Connector (RJ45) LED (Yellow) Ethernet port Serial port Serial TXD 17 LED (Yellow) Serial RXD 18 Switch 19 20 2
Introduction 1.
Introduction 1.11 Dimensions The DSTni-XPress DR dimensions are shown in the following drawing. RESET F R A L 95MM (3.7 in) RS232 RS485 10/100BASE-T SERIAL 35MM (1.4 in) 60MM (2.4 in) 1.12 Product Information Label The product information label contains important information about your specific unit. Your unit will have one similar to the one below. S/N:2D00054 DSTni-XPress DR 00-20-4A-2D-00-36 Rev.
Introduction 1.13 Power Requirements The DSTni-XPress DR is normally powered by the same 12Vor 24VDC supply that powers other devices in your panel. Many AC-powered industrial controllers also supply 24VDC for use by field devices. The DSTni-XPress DR is not shipped with a separate power supply, but any power supply between 9-30VDC or 9-24VAC can be used. The unit requires a maximum of 3 Watts. DC+ 19 GND 20 9-30VDC 9-24VAC 21 22 DC- GND 1.
Introduction 1.15 RS-232/RS-485 Switch Set this switch for RS-232 (Up) or RS-485 (Down). RESET F R A L RS232 RS232 RS485 RS485 10/100BASE-T SERIAL Note: The serial port RS232/RS485 switch is a hardware function. Do not change the switch while the device is operating.
Introduction 1.16 Technical Specifications Table 7 - Technical Specs Category CPU, Memory Description DSTni-LX 48MHz clock, 256KB RAM Flash, EEPROM Serial Interface 512kByte Flash, 1024Byte EEPROM RJ45 connector for RS-232 or RS-422/485 interface Screw Terminals for RS-232 or RS-422/485 interface Baud Rate selectable from 300 to 115Kbps Switch selectable RS-232C or RS-422/485 (screw terminals only) Front panel recessed push button.
Getting Started 2. Getting Started This section describes all the procedures for configuring your unit. For a short version, see the Quick Start Guide. Go to the Lantronix web site for the latest firmware and release notes. DSTni-XPress DR comes with Standard Tunnel Protocol and the DSTni-XPress DR-IAP comes with the IAP Standard Tunnel Protocol. Both versions are similar but cannot be interchanged. Standard Tunneling is a serial communications protocol used by most Lantronix Device Servers.
Getting Started 2.1 Addresses and Port Number 2.1.1 Ethernet (MAC) Address The Ethernet address is also referred to as the hardware address or the MAC address. The first three bytes of the Ethernet Address are fixed and read 00-20-4A, identifying the unit as a Lantronix product. The fourth, fifth, and sixth bytes are unique numbers assigned to each unit. 00-20-4A-21-18-17 or 00:20:4A:21:18:17 2.1.2 Internet Protocol (IP) Address Every device connected to an IP network must have a unique IP address.
Getting Started 2.2 Physically Connecting the Unit The following diagram shows a typical hardware configuration for the DSTni-XPress DR. Use one of the cables described in Serial Interface Connections on page 1-9 to connect a PC COM port to the DSTni-XPress DR. Ethernet RS-232 RESET F R A L RS232 Ethernet RS485 10/100BASE-T 9-30VDC 9-24VAC SERIAL Alternate RS-232 Figure 5 - DSTni-XPress DR Connected to Serial Device and Network 1. Connect a serial device to your XPress DR.
Getting Started 2.3 Methods of Assigning the IP Address The unit's IP address must be configured before a network connection is available. You have the following options for assigning an IP to your unit: Method Description DHCP A DHCP server automatically assigns the IP address and network settings. See DHCP on page 2-5. You manually assign the IP address using a graphical user interface (GUI) on a PC attached to a network. See DeviceInstaller on page 2-6.
Getting Started 2.3.1 DHCP The unit ships with a default IP address of 0.0.0.0, which automatically enables DHCP. Provided a DHCP server exists on the network, it will assign the unit an IP address, gateway address, and subnet mask when the unit boots up. The XPress DR has acquired an IP address if the red LED stops flashing and the green Status LED is on continuously.
Getting Started 2.4 DeviceInstaller You can manually assign the IP address using DeviceInstaller software, which is found on the product CD. If you want to use a serial connection instead of an Ethernet connection to configure the device, go to Serial Port Login on page 2-13. 2.4.1 Install DeviceInstaller Software 1. Insert the product CD into your CD-ROM drive. The CD will automatically start and display the main window.
Getting Started 2.4.2 Assign IP Address and Network Class Click the Start button on the Task Bar and select Programs \Device Installer \Device Installer. The Device Installer window displays. Figure 7 - DeviceInstaller Window 1. Click the IP icon . The Assign IP Address window displays. Figure 8 - Assign IP Address Window 2. In the Enter the Hardware or Ethernet Address field, enter the Ethernet address (MAC address), which is listed on the label on the side of the unit.
Getting Started 3. In the Enter IP Address to assign field, enter the unit’s IP address in XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX format. 4. In the PC Network Class section, select the class (subnet mask). (Most users select Class C). 5. Click the Set IP Address button. (IP is assigned, pinged, and tested) 6. Confirm that the “Assign IP successful” message displays and click OK. 7. Click the Back button to return to the DeviceInstaller window. 2.4.3 Test the IP Address 1. Click the Ping icon . The Ping Device window displays.
Getting Started 2.4.4 Add the Unit to the Manage List Now add the unit to the list of similar Lantronix devices on the network so that you can manage and configure it. 1. Click the Search the network for devices displays. icon. The Search Network window Figure 10 - Search Network Window 2. 3. 4. 5. Select the PC Network Class. Class C is the default. Click the Start Search button. A list of all active units displays. Click the Save button. A confirmation message displays. Click OK.
Getting Started 6. Click the Back button to return to the DeviceInstaller window. The DeviceInstaller window now lists all of the devices in the group, including the unit you are setting up. The hardware address and firmware release number for the unit display. Figure 11 - Devices in a Group Now you can manage (configure) the unit so that it works with the serial device over the network.
Getting Started 2.4.5 Opening a Configuration Window 1. Click the Manage icon . The Device Management window displays. Figure 12 - Device Management Window 2. Do one of the following: Note: To assign Expert settings and Security settings, you must use the Setup Mode window in a Telnet session. (only for Standard Tunneling firmware) • To configure the unit via a Web browser, click the Web Configuration icon The Lantronix Web-Manager window displays in your browser.
Getting Started 2.5 ARP and Telnet The unit’s IP address must be configured before a network connection is available. You are able to ARP an address into a CoBox/UDS device even if there is already an address in the unit. If the unit has no IP address, you can use Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) method from UNIX and Windows-based systems to assign a temporary IP address. If you want to initially configure the unit through the network, follow these steps: 1.
Getting Started 2.6 Serial Port Login If you want to initially configure the unit through a serial connection, follow these steps: 1. Connect a console terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program to your unit's serial port. The default serial port settings are 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control. 2. To enter Setup Mode, cycle the unit's power (power off and back on). After power-up, the self-test begins and the red Diagnostic LED starts blinking.
Configure 3. Configuring the Unit You must configure the unit so that it can communicate on a network with your serial device. For example, you must set the way the unit will respond to serial and network traffic, how it will handle serial packets, and when to start or close a connection. You can configure your unit locally or remotely using the following procedures: • Use a standard Web browser to access the unit’s internal Web pages and configure the unit over the network.
Configure 3.2 Using DeviceInstaller DeviceInstaller is a powerful software utility for configuring device servers from a network connection. This section uses the utility to demonstrate the various methods of configuring a device. The Device Management window is a common page for gaining access to different menus. 1. Start DeviceInstaller. Click the Search for network for devices icon . The Search Network window displays. 2. Click the Start Search button. A list of all active units displays. 3.
Configure Go to Using a Telnet Connection on page 3-10 for a summary of the menu selections. 7. To Get device configuration information see Get Configuration on page 3-27. Configuration information can be read from a device and saved in a file. 8. To Set the configuration of a specific device see Set Configuration on page 3-28 A device can be configured by reading a configuration file and sending the information to the device.
Configure 3.3 Web Manager Page Note: The DSTni-XPress DR-IAP may not have a web page or may use a different format web page. You can start a web browser for configuration by opening your JAVA enabled web browser and entering the IP address or by clicking the Web Configuration button on the Device Management window. The Lantronix Web Manager page will display. Figure 13 - Lantronix Web-Manager Web Manager 3.
Configure 3.3.1 Unit Configuration Click the Unit Configuration button to display the following dialog box. This page contains the Server Configuration and the Port Configuration settings. These are static settings read from the device. Note: The following screen shots represent the web page shown when the device is loaded with cbxw31.cob firmware.
Configure 3.3.2 Server Properties You can change the server properties by editing any of the fields. Lingering over one of the fields will display operator messages. Changing the IP address will require you to enter the new IP address in the browser to reload the page. Figure 14 - Server Properties Configuration on the Web Browser Telnet Password In the Telnet Password field, enter a password to prevent unauthorized access to the Setup Mode via a Telnet connection to port 9999.
Configure 3.3.
Configure Remote IP Address: (user selectable) Remote Port: (user selectable) Local Port: 10001 (default 10001, user selectable) On Active Connection: Enable, Disable On Passive Connection: Enable, Disable At Time of Disconnect: Enable, Disable Packing Algorithm: Enable, Disable Idle Time: Force transmit 12 ms, Force transmit 52 ms, Force Transmit 250 ms, Force Transmit 5000 ms Trailing Characters: None, One, Two Send Immediate After Sendchars: Enable, Disable Send Define2-Byte Sequence: Enable, Disable
Configure Disconnect Mode: with DTR Drop, Ignore DTR Check for CTRL-D to Disconnect: Enable, Disable Port Password: Enable, Disable Telnet Mode: Enable, Disable Inactivity Timeout: Enable, Disable Inactivity Timer: (User Selectable) Port Password: (User Selectable. Port Password must be enabled) 3.3.4 Update Settings Click the Update Settings button to send all changed settings to the device. 3.3.5 Technical Support Several buttons provide direct links to Technical Support functions.
Configure 3.4 Configuring via the Setup Mode Window 3.4.1 Using a Telnet Connection To configure the unit over the network, establish a Telnet connection to port 9999. Note: If you use the Telnet to Device icon on the Device Installer Device Management window OR a serial port login to establish the connection, skip steps 1and 2. 1. From the Windows Start menu, click Run and type the following command, where x.x.x.x is the IP address and 9999 is the unit’s fixed network configuration port number. telnet x.
Configure *** basic parameters Hardware: Ethernet TPI IP addr – 0.0.0.
Configure 3.4.2 Using the Serial Port If you want to initially configure the unit through a serial connection, follow these steps: 1. Connect a console terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program to your unit's serial port. The default serial port settings are 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control. 2. To enter Setup Mode, cycle the unit's power (power off and back on). After power-up, the self-test begins and the red Diagnostic LED starts blinking.
Configure The unit prompts for the number of host bits to be entered, then calculates the netmask, which is displayed in standard decimal-dot notation when the saved parameters are displayed (for example, 255.255.255.0). Table 8 - Standard IP Network Netmasks Network Class Host Bits Netmask A 24 255.0.0.0 B 16 255.255.0.0 C 8 255.255.255.0 Table 9 - Netmask Examples Netmask Host Bits 255.255.255.252 2 255.255.255.248 3 255.255.255.240 4 255.255.255.224 5 255.255.255.192 6 255.255.
Configure 3.5.5 DHCP Naming There are 3 methods for assigning DHCP names to these products. 1) Default DHCP name. If you do not change the DHCP name, and you are using an IP of 0.0.0.0, then the DHCP name will default to CXXXXXX (XXXXXX is the last 6 digits of the MAC address shown on the label on the bottom/side of the unit). For example, if the MAC address is 00-20-4A-12-34-56, then the default DHCP name is C123456. 2) Custom DHCP name. You can create your own DHCP name on these products.
Configure 3.6 Channel 1 Configuration (Serial Port Parameters) Using this option, define how the serial port will respond to network and serial communications. Baudrate (9600) I/F Mode (4C) Flow (00) Port No (10001) ConnectMode (C0) Remote IP Address : (000).(000).(000).(000) Remote Port (00000) DisConnMode (00) FlushMode (00) DisConnTime (00:00) : SendChar 1 (00) SendChar 2 (00) 3.6.
Configure The following table demonstrates how to build some common Interface Mode settings: Table 11 - Common Interface Mode Settings Common I/F Mode Setting (1) RS-232C, 8-bit, No Parity, 1 stop bit RS-232C, 7-bit, Even Parity, 1 stop bit (1) RS-485 2-Wire, 8-bit, No Parity, 1 stop bit (1) RS-422, 8-bit, Odd Parity, 1 stop bit (1) Binary Hex 0100 1100 0111 1000 0100 1111 0101 1101 4C 78 4F 5D (1) The XPress DR requires you to choose the correct setting in the IF mode, and to also set the front-pane
Configure 3.6.4 Port Number The setting represents the source port number in TCP connections, and is the number used to identify the channel for remote initiating connections. Default setting for Port 1 is 10001.
Configure 3.6.5 Connect Mode Connect Mode defines how the unit makes a connection, and how it reacts to incoming connections over the network. Enter Connect Mode options in hexadecimal notation. Note: See Table 39 - Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion Table.
Configure Table 14 - Manual Connection Address Example Command String Result if remote IP is 129.1.2.3 and remote port is 1234 C121.2.4.5/1 C5 C28.10/12 Complete override; connection is started with host 121.2.4.5, port 1 Connect to 129.1.2.5, port 1234 Connect to 129.1.28.10, port 12 Autostart (Automatic Connection): If autostart is enabled, the unit automatically connects to the remote IP address and remote port specified.
Configure Table 15 - Modem Mode Commands Modem Mode Command Function ATDTx.x.x.x,pppp or ATDTx.x.x.x/pppp Makes a connection to an IP address (x.x.x.x) and a remote port number (pppp). Makes a connection to an IP address (x.x.x.x) and the remote port number defined within the unit. Forces the unit into monitor mode if a remote IP address and port number are defined within the unit. Forces the unit into monitor mode if a remote IP address and port number are not defined within the unit.
Configure 3.6.6 Remote IP Address This is the destination IP address used with an outgoing connection. 3.6.7 Remote Port The remote TCP port number must be set for the unit to make outgoing connections. This parameter defines the port number on the target host to which a connection is attempted. Note: To connect an ASCII terminal to a host using the unit for login purposes, use the remote port number 23 (Internet standard port number for Telnet services). 3.6.8 DisConnMode DTR is hardwired to +12VDC.
Configure 3.6.9 Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing) Using this parameter, you can control line handling and network buffers with connection startup and disconnect. You can also select between two different packing algorithms. Note: See Table 39 - Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion Table.
Configure 3.6.10 Pack Control Two firmware-selectable packing algorithms define how and when packets are sent to the network. The standard algorithm is optimized for applications in which the unit is used in a local environment, allowing for very small delays for single characters while keeping the packet count low. The alternate packing algorithm minimizes the packet count on the network and is especially useful in applications in a routed Wide Area Network (WAN).
Configure Send Characters: If 2-Byte Send Character Sequence is enabled, the unit interprets the sendchars as a 2-byte sequence; if not set, they are interpreted independently. If Send Immediately After Characters is not set, any characters already in the serial buffer are included in the transmission after a "transmit" condition is found. If set, the unit sends immediately after recognizing the transmit condition (sendchar or timeout).
Configure 3.7 Expert Settings These parameters should only be changed if you are an expert and definitely know the consequences the changes might have. TCP Keepalive time in s (1s – 65s; 0s=disable): (45) ARP Cache timeout in s (1s – 600s) : (600) ? 3.7.1 TCP Keepalive time in s This option allows you to change how many seconds the unit will wait during a silent connection before attempting to see if the currently connected network device is still on the network.
Configure community information from the unit. The name is a string of 1 to 13 characters plus a nullterminator (14 bytes total). The default setting is public. 3.8.3 Disable Telnet Setup This setting defaults to the N (No) option. The Y (Yes) option disables access to this Configuration Menu by Telnet (port 9999). It only allows access via the Web pages and the serial port of the unit. 3.8.4 Disable TFTP Firmware Upgrade This setting defaults to the N (No) option.
Configure 3.9 Factory Defaults Select 7 to reset the unit’s Channel 1 and Enhanced Security to the factory default settings. The server configurations (IP address information) remain unchanged. 3.10 Exit Configuration Mode Select 8 to exit the configuration mode without saving any changes or rebooting. Select 9 to save all changes and reboot the device. All values are stored in nonvolatile memory. 3.
Configure 3.12 Set Configuration Device configuration information can be saved in a file and later used to set the configuration of one or several devices. To set the configuration of a device from a saved file, click the Set Configuration button on the Device Management window. The following dialog appears. The Device IP Address is shown in the first field. This is the device selected in the DeviceInstaller main window.
Firmware 4. Updating Protocol (Firmware) 4.1 Protocol Firmware The DSTni-XPress DR-IAP was designed to allow loading of vendor specific protocol firmware. This firmware takes the place of the Standard Tunnel Protocol. Vendor specific protocols and the software tools needed to load them can be found on the software CD. You can obtain the most up-to-date protocol firmware and release notes for the unit from the Lantronix Web site (www.lantronix.com) or by using anonymous FTP (ftp.lantronix.com).
Firmware 4.2.1 Via DeviceInstaller After downloading the firmware to your computer, or locating the file on your software CD, you can use DeviceInstaller to install it. 1. Download the updated firmware files from www.lantronix.com or ftp.lantronix.com and store them in a subfolder on your computer. 2. Click the Start button on the Task Bar and select Programs\DeviceInstaller\Device Installer. The Device Installer window displays.
Firmware 3. Click the Search the network for devices icon displays. . The Search Network window Figure 17 - Search Network Window 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Select a PC Network Class. Click the Start Search button. A list of all active units on the local network displays. Click the Save button. A confirmation message displays. Click OK. Click the Back button to return to the Device Installer window. The Device Installer window now lists all of the devices in the group, including the unit you are updating.
Firmware 9. Select the desired unit and click the Upgrade Firmware file (.ROM) icon . The Upgrade Firmware window displays. Note: For Device Installer v2.0, the ProductInfobase.txt file must have the following line added: “DA”, IAP-Dlx”. The file is located in Program Files\DeviceInstaller\Firmware. Figure 19 - Upgrade Firmware 10. In the Existing Firmware list box, select the firmware currently installed.
Firmware 4.2.2 Via TFTP To download new firmware from a computer: 1. Use a TFTP client to send a binary file to the unit (*.ROM to upgrade the unit 's internal operational code and *.COB to upgrade its internal Web interface). Note: TFTP requires the .ROM (binary) version of the unit's internal operational code. 2. Make sure the Put and Binary options at the top of the window are selected. 3. Enter the full path of the firmware file in the Source File field. 4.
Firmware 4.2.4 Via the Serial Port The following procedure is for using the HyperTerminal software application. In some cases, the HEX format file is available on the software CD and on the Web site. Before you can load firmware through the serial port you need to convert the ROM code to HEX format. There is a DOS application, R2H.EXE that can be used to convert the ROM file to HEX format. The R2H.EXE application is available at ftp://ftp.lantronix.com/pub. Put R2H.EXE and the *.
Comm Port Redirector 5. Comm Port Redirector 5.1 Overview The Com Port Redirector allows any PC running Windows to use ports on a network server as if they were connected directly to the PC. The Redirector creates a virtual COM port within Windows, which for most purposes acts just like the selected serial port on the server.
Comm Port Redirector 5.2.1 Install Comm Port Redirector 1. Insert the product CD into your CD-ROM drive. The CD will automatically start and display the main window. If the CD does not launch automatically: a) Click the Start button on the Task Bar and select Run. b) Enter your CD drive letter, colon, backslash, Launch.exe (e.g., D:\Launch.exe). Figure 21 - Main Window 2. Click the Comm Port Redirector button. The installation wizard window appears.
Comm Port Redirector 5.3 Using Redirector When the redirector is properly configured, starting your communications application will cause the redirector to open a connection to the server. As soon as the application accesses the virtual com port, a connection will be formed. While the connection is being established, a message window will indicate what is happening. If any problems occur, they will be displayed in these message windows.
Comm Port Redirector 5.3.1 Port Setup Click on "Com Setup" from the main window to set up which ports will be redirected. The Redirector can support up to 4 ports. These ports can all be active simultaneously. For instance you can set up COM3-COM6 to be redirected, each to a separate (or identical) list of services, and have 4 different comm apps each talking to a different port at once. 5.3.2 Comm App Setup Redirected ports behave in much the same way as local serial ports.
Comm Port Redirector 5.3.3 IP Service Configuration To redirect over IP, select Add IP from the main window. The IP Service dialog box appears. In the "Host Name" field enter the IP hostname or IP address of the server you are connecting to. In the "TCPPort" field enter the TCP socket on the server you are connecting to. 5.3.4 IPX Service Configuration To redirect over IPX, select "Add IPX" from the main window. This will bring up a dialog with a list of all visible IPX services on the network.
Comm Port Redirector 5.3.5 Port Settings If auto reconnect is enabled, the redirector will try to reestablish the network connection if the connection goes down.(Cant find this option) If Timeout Reconnect is enabled, the connection will be reestablished if the connection times out (see TCP Keepalive). If Server Reconnect is enabled, the connection will be reestablished if the server purposely closes the connection.
Comm Port Redirector On the server, configure the connection for a raw TCP connection to the port that is specified in the Service Setup screen. See the documentation or tech tip for your server to find out how to set up an outbound raw TCP connect. 5.3.7 Silent Mode Check the "Silent" checkbox to suppress the popup window messages from the Redirector. This option will not take effect until you click "Save." 5.3.8 TCP Keepalive Click the Advanced button to display the Advanced Settings dialog box.
Troubleshooting 6. Troubleshooting 6.1 Technical Support This chapter discusses how you can diagnose and fix errors quickly without having to contact a dealer or Lantronix. It helps to connect a terminal to the serial port while diagnosing an error to view summary messages that may be displayed. When troubleshooting, always ensure that the physical connections (power cable, network cable, and serial cable) are secure. Note: Some unexplained errors might be caused by duplicate IP addresses on the network.
Troubleshooting When you report a problem, please provide the following information: • Your name, and your company name, address, and phone number • Lantronix model number • Lantronix serial number • Software version (on the first screen shown when you Telnet to port 9999) • Description of the problem • Debug report (stack dump), if applicable • Status of the unit when the problem occurred (please try to include information on user and network activity at the time of the problem) When troubleshooting the f
Troubleshooting Table 20 - Problems and Error Messages Problem/Message Reason Solution When you issue the ARP –S command in Windows, “The ARP entry addition failed: 5" message displays. When you attempted to assign an IP address to the device server via the ARP method, “Press Enter to go into Setup Mode” is displayed. Now when you Telnet to the device server, the connection fails. Your currently logged-in user does not have the correct rights to use this command on this PC.
Troubleshooting Problem/Message Reason Solution No LEDs are lit. The unit or its power supply is damaged. Various Change power supplies. The device server will not power up properly, and the LEDs are flashing. The device server is not communicating with the serial device it is attached to. The most likely reason is the wrong serial settings were chosen. When you try to enter the setup mode on the device server via the serial port, you get no response.
Troubleshooting Problem/Message Reason Solution The device server appears to be set up correctly, but you are not communicating with your device attached to the device server across the network. If you are sure that the serial port setting is correct, then you may not be connecting to the correct socket of the device server. You can check to see whether there is a socket connection to or from the device server by looking at the Ready LED. Check the cables and wiring.
Monitor Mode 7. Monitor Mode 7.1 Monitor Mode Monitor Mode is a command-line interface used for diagnostic purposes (see Table 21 Monitor Mode Commands). There are two ways to enter Monitor Mode: locally via the serial port or remotely via the network. 7.1.1 Entering Monitor Mode Via the Serial Port To enter Monitor Mode locally: 1. Follow the same principles used in setting the serial configuration parameters (see Configuring via the Setup Mode Window on page 3-10. 2.
Monitor Mode Table 21 - Monitor Mode Commands Command Command Name Function DL Download SF x.x.x.x Send Firmware VS x.x.x.x Version GC x.x.x.x Get Configuration SC x.x.x.x Send Configuration PI x.x.x.x Ping AT TT ARP Table TCP Connection Table Network Connection Reset Send/Set IP Address Download firmware to the Device Server via the serial port in hex format Send firmware to Device Server with IP address x.x.x.x Query software header record (16 bytes) of Device Server with IP address x.x.
UDP 8. Network Configuration using UDP 8.1 UDP Datagrams The Device Server can also be configured or queried over the network using UDP datagrams. The Device Server has a UDP listener set for port 30718 (77FE Hex). Responses from the Device Server are returned to the source port of the UDP packet. The first three bytes of the UDP data block should be set to zero.
UDP Byte Command Parameters Notes FC First 8 bytes must be set to the string IP-SETUP (Hex 49 50 2D 53 45 54 55 50). This block can be sent as a broadcast, because the serial number is unique. It provides one method to set the IP address of the Device Server if is on the local network and the serial number is known. Remember, broadcasts are only ‘heard’ on the subnet on which they are generated. No reply is sent by the Device Server, which restarts using the new IP address after the block is received.
UDP 8.2 Configuring Multiple Devices When configuring a number of Device Servers identically, it is useful to create a template setup record. The setup record can then be sent to the “target” Device Servers from a “master” Device Server via “cut and paste” or UDP (see Network Configuration using UDP on page 8-1). Device Servers use a 120-byte setup record in Intel Hex format. This format facilitates the transfer of binary data using ASCII characters.
UDP To request the setup record of a properly configured Device Server via another Device Server on the network: 1. Make sure that both units are plugged onto the network properly. 2. Enter Monitor Mode (with network support enabled) on the unit that is not properly configured. (see Monitor Mode on page 7-1) 3. Issue the command GC x.x.x.x followed by a carriage return, where x.x.x.x is the IP address of the properly configured device.
UDP To send a setup record via Monitor Mode: 1. Configure a “master” Device Server with the desired parameters and place it on the network. 2. Place another Device Server (the “target”) on the network. 3. Enter Monitor Mode (with network support enabled) on the master Device Server (see Monitor Mode on page 7-1) 4. At the prompt, enter SC, the IP address of the target, and a carriage return. 5. Send the setup record to the target Device Server.
UDP To get and set the node configuration, 120 bytes should be exchanged at once in 32-Byte records. The IP address in the record (bytes 0 to 3) will be ignored (unless the UDP FD command is being used). 8.2.4 Calculating the Checksum As mentioned in Table 24 - Block Types above, the last two characters of an Intel Hex setup record represent a checksum of the data in the line. Since the checksum is a two-digit hexadecimal value, it can represent a value from 0 to 255.
UDP 8.3 Setup Records A setup record consists of 120 bytes. They are transmitted at once from and to the node. Unused bytes should be initialized as 00. Table 25 - Setup Record Construction defines the structure of a setup record: Table 25 - Setup Record Construction Byte(s) Function 00-03 04 05 06 07 08-11 12-15 16-63 64-111 112-119 IP address of the unit (x.x.x.
UDP 8.3.
UDP 8.3.2 Interface Mode The Interface (I/F) Mode is a bit-coded byte entered in hexadecimal notation.
UDP 8.3.3 Baud Rate The Device Server and attached serial device must agree on a speed or baud rate to use for the serial connection. Use the following table to select Baud Rate settings: Table 29 - Baud Rate Settings Speed (bps) Hex 38400 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 600 300 115200 57600 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 8.3.4 Flow Control Flow control sets the local handshaking method for stopping serial input/output.
UDP 8.3.5 Connect Mode Connect Mode defines how the Device Server makes a connection, and how it reacts to incoming connections over the network.
UDP 8.3.6 Disconnect Mode In Disconnect Mode, DTR drop either drops the connection or is ignored. Use the following table to select Disconnect Mode Options: Table 32 - Disconnect Mode Options Disconnect Mode Option (6) Disconnect with DTR drop Ignore DTR Telnet mode and terminal type setup (1) Channel (port) password (2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 (3) Hard disconnect Disable hard disconnect State LED off with connection 0 1 1 (4) Disconnect with EOT (^D) (5) 0 1 1.
UDP 8.3.7 Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing) Using this parameter, you can control line handling and network buffers with connection startup and disconnect. You can also select between two different packing algorithms.
UDP 8.4 IP Addresses Each TCP/IP node on a network host has a unique IP address. This address provides the information needed to forward packets on the local network and across multiple networks if necessary. IP addresses are specified as x.x.x.x, where each x is a number from 1 to 254; for example, 192.0.1.99. The Device Server must be assigned a unique IP address to use TCP/IP network functionality. IP addresses contain three pieces of information: the network, the subnet, and the host. 8.4.
UDP A router is required between all networks and all sub-networks. Generally, hosts can send packets directly only to hosts on their own sub-network. All packets destined for other subnets are sent to a router on the local network. 8.4.3 Host Portion The host portion of the IP address is a unique number assigned to identify the host. 8.4.4 Network Address A host address with all host bits set to 0 addresses the network as a whole (for example, in routing entries). 192.168.0.0 8.4.
UDP Table 38 - Netmask Examples Netmask Host Bits 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.248.0 ... 255.128.0.0 255.0.0.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... 23 24 8.4.6 Private IP Networks and the Internet If your network is not and will not be connected to the Internet, you may use any IP address.
Binary to Hex 9. Binary to Hex Conversion Many of the Device Server’s configuration procedures require you to assemble a series of options (represented as bits) into a complete command (represented as a byte). The resulting binary value must be converted to a hexadecimal representation. Hexadecimal digits have values ranging from 0 to F, which are represented as 0-9, A (for 10), B (for 11), etc.
Binary to Hex 9.
Binary to Hex Accept Incoming Connections Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Serial Response Upon Connection None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) Character Character Character Character Character Character Character No active startup Any character Active DTR CR (0x0D
Binary to Hex Accept Incoming Connections Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Unconditionally Serial Response Upon Connection None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) None (quiet) Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Active Connection Startup Hostlist Hex No active
Binary to Hex 9.
Binary to Hex Disconnect with DTR Drop (Note) Telnet Mode and Terminal Type Setup Channel (port) Password Hard Disconnect State LED Off with Connection Disconnect with EOT (^D) Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable 58 78 Enable Disable Disable 88 98 Disable Enable A8 Disable Enable B8 Disable Enable Enable C8 Disable D8 Disable Enable E8 Disable E
Binary to Hex 9.
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Active connection Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Hex Clear output buffer upon: Alternate Packing Algorithm Active connection Active connection Active connection Active connection Enable Enable Enable Enable 81 91 A1 B1 Active connection Active connection Enable Enable C1 D1 Active
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Clear output buffer upon: Active connection Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Alternate Packing Alg
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Clear output buffer upon: Alternate Packing Algorithm Hex Disconnect 4 Active connection Disconnect 14 Passive connection Disconnect 24 Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Disconnect 34 Disconnect 44 Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Disconnect 54 Disconnect 64 Disconnect 74 Active connection Passive connection Active connec
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Clear output buffer upon: Active connection Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active co
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Clear output buffer upon: Active connection Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection
Binary to Hex Serial to Network Network to Serial Clear input buffer upon: Clear output buffer upon: Passive connection Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Passive connection Disconnect Active connection Disconnect Passive connection D
Binary to Hex 9.
Binary to Hex 9.
Binary to Hex Sendcharacter Defined by a: Trailing Characters Idle Time Force Transmit: Send Immediately after Sendcharacter Hex 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence 2-Byte Sequence No No No No 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 12ms 52ms 250ms 5sec 12ms 52ms 250ms 5sec 12ms 52ms 250ms 5sec Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 9-16
IP Addresses 10. IP Addresses An IP address is a 32-bit value, divided into four octets of eight bits each. The standard representation is four decimal numbers (in the range of 0..255) divided by dots. 192.2.1.123 This is called decimal-dot notation. The IP address is divided in two parts: network and host. To support different needs, three network classes have been defined. Depending on the network class, the last one, two or three bytes define the host, while the remaining part defines the network.
IP Addresses 10.4 Network Address The host address with all host bits set to 0 is used to address the network as a whole (in routing entries, for example). 10.5 Broadcast Address The address with the host part bits set to 1 is the broadcast address, meaning for every station. Network and broadcast addresses must not be used as a host address (for example, 192.168.0.0 identifies the entire network and 192.168.0.255 identifies the broadcast address). 10.
IP Addresses 10.7 Private IP Networks and the Internet If your network is not connected to the Internet, and there are no plans to make such a connection, you may use any IP address you wish. If your network is not connected to the Internet and you have plans to connect, or you are connected to the Internet and want to operate your DSTni-XPress DRs on an intranet, use one of the subnetworks below. These network numbers have been reserved for such networks.
Glossary of Terms 11. Glossary Address space: A linear array of locations that a thread can access. Simple processors have only one, and these processors are referred to as `linear' addressing. AutoIP: AutoIP is an alternative to DHCP that allows hosts to automatically obtain an IP address in smaller networks that may not have a DHCP server. A range of IP addresses (from 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254) has been explicitly reserved for AutoIP-enabled devices.
Glossary of Terms Baseband LAN: A LAN that uses a single carrier frequency over a single channel. Ethernet, Token Ring and Arcnet LANs use baseband transmission. Baud: Unit of signal frequency in signals per second. Not synonymous with bits per second since signals can represent more than one bit. Baud equals bits per second only when the signal represents a single bit. Binaries: Binary, machine readable forms of programs that have been compiled or assembled.
Glossary of Terms Broadband: A data transmission technique allowing multiple high-speed signals to share the bandwidth of a single cable via frequency division multiplexing. Broadband Network: A network that uses multiple carrier frequencies to transmit multiplexed signals on a single cable. Several networks may coexist on a single cable without interfering with one another.
Glossary of Terms Communication Server: A dedicated, standalone system that manages communications activities for other computers. Cut-through: Technique for examining incoming packets whereby an Ethernet switch looks only at the first few bytes of a packet before forwarding or filtering it. This process is faster than looking at the whole packet, but it also allows some bad packets to be forwarded. CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection is the Ethernet media access method.
Glossary of Terms Dialback: A security feature that ensures people do not log into modems that they shouldn't have access to. When a connection is requested, the system checks the user name for validity, then "dials back" the number associated with that user name. Distributed Processing: A system in which each computer or node in the network performs its own processing and manages some of its data while the network facilitates communications between the nodes.
Glossary of Terms Filtering: Process whereby an Ethernet switch or bridge reads the contents of a packet and then finds that the packet does not need to be forwarded, drops it. a filtering rate is the rate at which a device can receive packets and drop them without any loss of incoming packets or delay in processing. Firmware: Alterable programs in semipermanent storage, e.g., some type of read-only or flash reprogrammable memory.
Glossary of Terms Heartbeat: Ethernet defined SQE signal quality test function. Hertz (Hz): A frequency unit equal to one cycle per second. Host: Generally a node on a network that can be used interactively, i.e., logged into, like a computer. Host Table: A list of TCP/IP hosts on the network along with their IP addresses. HTTP Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web.
Glossary of Terms IPX: Internetwork Packet eXchange, a NetWare protocol similar to IP (Internet Protocol). ISDN: (Integrated Services Digital Network): All digital service provided by telephone companies. Provides 144K bps over a single phone line (divided in two 64K bps "B" channels and one 16K bps "D" channel). ISO Layered Model: The International Standards Organization (ISO) sets standards for computers and communications.
Glossary of Terms sending small network packets at regular intervals. LAT will not work on a wide area network scale, as TCP/IP does. Latency: The delay incurred by a switching or bridging device between receiving the frame and forwarding the frame. Layer: In networks, layers refer to software protocol levels comprising the architecture, with each layer performing functions for the layers above it.
Glossary of Terms MJ: Modular Jack. A jack used for connecting voice cables to a faceplate, as for a telephone. MMJ: Modified Modular Jack. These are the 6-pin connectors used to connect serial terminal lines to terminal devices. MMJs can be distinguished from the similar RJ12 jacks by having a side-locking tab, rather than a center-mounted one. Modem: A modulator-demodulator device for changing transmission signals from digital to analog for transmission over phone lines.
Glossary of Terms Name Server: Software that runs on network hosts charged with translating (or resolving) text-style names into numeric IP addresses. NetWare: A Novell developed Network Operating System (NOS). Provides file and printer sharing among networks of Personal Computers (PCs). Each NetWare network must have at least one file server, and access to other resources is dependent on connecting to and logging into the file server.
Glossary of Terms Open System Interconnect (OSI): See "ISO." Packet: A series of bits containing data and control information, including source and destination node addresses, formatted for transmission from one node to another. PAP: (Password Authentication Protocol) Authentication scheme for PPP links. A password can be specified for both devices on a remote link. Failure to authenticate will result in a dropped connection prior to start of data transmission.
Glossary of Terms Print Server: A dedicated computer that manages printers and print requests from other nodes on the network. PROM: Programmable ROM, a read-only memory whose data content can be altered. Protocol: Any standard method of communicating over a network. Remote Access: Access to network resources not located on the same physical Ethernet. (Physical Ethernet here refers to an entire site network topology.
Glossary of Terms ROM: Read-Only Memory, a memory device that retains its information even when power to it is removed. A ROM version of a network device does not need to download, since the ROM contains the entire executable code and thus never needs to reload it. Frequently the ROM is provided as "flash ROM", which can be reprogrammed by downloading if the user chooses. Router: Device capable of filtering/forwarding packets based upon data link layer information.
Glossary of Terms Spanning Tree: An algorithm used by bridges to create a logical topology that connects all network segments, and ensures that only one path exists between any two stations. Store and Forward: Technique for examining incoming packets on an Ethernet switch or bridge whereby the whole packet is read before forwarding or filtering takes place.
Glossary of Terms 10BASE-T: Ethernet running on unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. Note that 10BASE-T is a point-to-point network media, with one end of the cable typically going to a repeater/hub and the other to the network device. Terminal Server: A concentrator that facilitates communication between hosts and terminals. Terminator: Used on both ends of a standard Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet segment, this special connector provides the 50 ohm termination resistance needed for the cable.
Glossary of Terms Transceiver Cable: Cable that attaches a device either to a standard or thin coax Ethernet segment. Twisted-Pair Cable: Inexpensive, multiple-conductor cable comprised of one or more pairs of 18 to 24 gauge copper strands. The strands are twisted to improve protection against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. The cable, which may be either shielded or unshielded, is used in low-speed communications, as telephone cable.
