Processing KODAK Color Print Films, Module 9 Process ECP-2E Specifications ©Eastman Kodak Company, 2006
Table of Contents FILMS AND PROCESS SEQUENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designated Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Process ECP-2E Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alternative Ferricyanide or UL Bleach Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 PROCESS ECP-2E SPECIFICATIONS This module contains specifications describing continuous machine processing of Kodak color print films. The following modules are also used in conjunction with Process ECP-2E. Process ECP-2E differs from Process ECP-2D in that there is no first fix or sound application.
Process ECP-2E Steps Table 9-1 Persulfate Bleach Sequence Step Function 1. Developer Reduces exposed silver halide grains in all three light-sensitive layers. The developing agent is oxidized by the exposed silver halide, and the oxidation product couples with the particular dye coupler incorporated within each layer to produce dye images. A silver image is formed simultaneously at the exposed silver-halide sites. 2.
PROCESSING MACHINE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Machine Design The films intended for Process ECP-2E are processed in roll form in a continuous processing machine. Film is transported through the various solution tanks, emulsion side out, on a series of spools. These spools are mounted in racks that fit into the tanks, and film is threaded over the spools so that it travels in a continuous spiral on each rack.
FILM FEED ON 9-4 180 Solution times are in seconds.
FILM FEED ON Process ECP-2E Specifications 180 Solution times are in seconds.
Construction Materials The construction materials recommended for the developer, stop, fixer, and bleach solutions are listed in Table 9-2. All the bleaches are quite corrosive. The UL bleach is slightly more corrosive than ferricyanide bleach, but less corrosive than persulfate bleach. Titanium, Hastelloy C, and engineering plastics such as PVC are, therefore, recommended materials for persulfate bleach. Use plastics compatible with low pH solutions (less than pH 5).
Table 9-2 Construction Materials for Process ECP-2E Plastics (Polyvinyl Chloride or Polyolefins) Titanium Hastelloy C Tanks and Racks •† • • Mixing Tanks •† • • Replenisher Holding Tanks • † • • Piping, Pumps, Valves, and Filter Cores •† • • Overflow Holding Tank •† • • Tanks and Racks •† • • Mixing Tanks •† • • Replenisher Holding Tanks • † • • Piping, Pumps, Valves, and Filter Cores •† • • † • • •† • • • Mixing Tanks • † • • • Replenisher Holding Tanks
Filters Dryer Cabinet Filters are used to remove any insoluble material in the form of solids and tars from processing solutions and wash waters. If this material is not removed, it can adhere to the film being processed, machine tank walls, rollers, lines, etc. Filters are required in replenisher lines, recirculation systems, and wash-water lines.
Machine Exhaust and Room Ventilation Systems Install local exhausts at specific locations on the processing machine and at specific work areas to provide for the safety and comfort of the laboratory personnel. Supplement local exhausts with a room ventilation system having a capacity of 10 air changes per hour. Vent the discharge air from these systems outside the building so that discharged air does not contaminate incoming air.
Table 9-3 Mechanical Specifications for Process ECP-2E with PERSULFATE Bleach KODAK Formula Process Steps Developer‡ Stop ** Wash Accelerator ‡‡,** Temperature* °C °F Time min:sec Replenisher (Wash Rate) per 100 ft. (30.5 m) of 35 mm Film† Recirculation (R); Filtration (F); Turbulation (T) 3:00 690 mL R, F§, & T¶ @125 to 175 L/min R&F @ 40 to 60 L/min Tank Replenisher SD-50 SD-50Ra SB-14 SB-14 27 ± 1 80 ± 2 :40 770 mL — — 27 ± 3 80 ± 5 :40 1.2 L†† None 36.7 ± 0.1 98.0 ± 0.
Table 9-4 Mechanical Specifications for Process ECP-2E with FERRICYANIDE Bleach KODAK Formula Process Steps Temperature* 3:00 690 mL R, F§, & T¶ @ 125 to 175 L/min Recirculation (R); Filtration (F); Turbulation (T) Replenisher Developer‡ SD-50 SD-50Ra Stop** SB-14 SB-14 27 ± 1 80 ± 2 :40 770 mL R&F @ 40 to 60 L/min — — 27 ± 3 80 ± 5 :40 1.2 L†† None SR-27 SR-27R 27 ± 1 80 ± 2 1:00 200 mL R & F§ @ 40 to 60 L/min — — 27 ± 3 80 ± 5 :40 1.
Table 9-5 Mechanical Specifications for Process ECP-2E with UL Bleach KODAK Formula Process Steps Tank Replenisher Developer‡ SD-50 SD-50Ra Stop** SB-14 SB-14 Temperature* °C °F 36.7 ± 0.1 98.0 ± 0.2 Time min:sec Replenisher (Wash Rate) per 100 ft. (30.5 m) of 35 mm Film† 3:00 690 mL R, F§, & T¶ @ 125 to 175 L/min R&F @ 40 to 60 L/min Recirculation (R); Filtration (F); Turbulation (T) 27 ± 1 80 ± 2 :40 770 mL Wash†† 27 ± 3 80 ± 5 :40 1.
UL Bleach Formulations Two UL Bleach formulations are available to fill various laboratory operating and environmental needs. They are: • Ammonium UL or “UL House” Bleach. This formulation contains the highest percentage of ammonium ion which maximizes bleach activity. Because the least amount of active ingredients are necessary, this is the least expensive of the UL bleach varieties to operate.
Chemical Supplies and Substitutions Ferric nitrate is supplied in crystalline form as nonahydrate or dissolved in water as a 35 or 45% solution. Various bromides, carbonates, and hydroxides may be used interchangeably provided attention is given to effluent requirements and various molecular weights and activities are compensated. The following multipliers may be used to calculate between formulations: • One gram of ferric nitrate nonahydrate = 1.31 mL of 35% = 0.
Wash-Water Flow Rates Final Wash Adequate washing in conjunction with conservation of wash water is a matter of concern for all processors. Ways of reducing wash-water usage while maintaining adequate washing include: (1) using multi-stage countercurrent-flow washes, (2) installing squeegees between wash stages as well as before the wash, and (3) shutting off wash water when the machine is not transporting film or leader.
Table 9-7 Mechanical Specifications for Rewash RW-1 KODAK Formula Process Steps Temperature* Time Replenisher (Wash Rate) per 100 ft. (30.5 m) of 35 mm Film† Recirculation (R); Filtration (F) Tank and Replenisher °C °F min:sec PB-6 21 ± 1 70 ± 2 2:00 600 mL — 21 to 38 70 to100 3:00 300 mL‡ None FR-1 21 to 38 70 to100 :10 400 mL R&F @ 20 to 40 L/min Prebath Wash Final Rinse R&F @ 20 to 40 L/min * Fahrenheit temperatures are primary.
Table 9-8 SUPPLIERS OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS Chemical or Trade Name Acetic Acid, Glacial Ammonium Bromide Ammonium Hydroxide (28% Solution) Ammonium Thiosulfate Formula or Chemical Name CH3COOH NH4Br NH4OH (NH4)2S2O3 Some Suppliers Supplier Phone Number Fisher Scientific 800-766-7000 Brown Chemical Company 201-337-0900 Ameribrome, Inc. 212-286-4000 Pechiney World Trade USA 800-736-7893 Fisher Scientific 800-766-7000 Mallinckodt, Inc.
Chemical or Trade Name Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic, Anhydrous* Sodium Ferrocyanide, Decahydrate* Sodium Hydroxide* Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium Metabisulfite Anhydrous* Sodium Persulfate* Sodium Sulfate, Anhydrous* Sodium Sulfite, Anhydrous* Spectrus NX1106 KODAK Stabilizer Additive Sulfuric Acid, Concentrated* Formula or Chemical Name Some Suppliers Supplier Phone Number NaH2PO4 Pechiney World Trade USA 800-736-7893 Degussa-Huls Corporation 201-641-6100 Na4Fe(CN)6•10H2O Degussa-Huls Corporati
Solution Mixing 1. Use the following mixing practices when preparing processing solutions with common mixing equipment. Mix solutions in the order in which the solutions occur in the process sequence. This order will minimize mixing time and oxidation, while providing consistent results. See Module 10, Effects of Mechanical & Chemical Variations in Process ECP-2E, for sensitometric effects of contamination and solution concentration errors.
Formulas and Analytical Specifications Maintain the fresh tank formula specifications exactly as given on the following pages. Any large deviations from tank specifications, noted by chemical analysis, should be corrected immediately by appropriate additions or cuts to the tank solution. Any long-term tendency to deviate from the tank analytical specifications (e.g., slowly increasing pH) should be corrected by adjustment of the replenisher.
Alternate Developer Constituent Fresh Tank Developer (SD-51) Water 24-38°C (75-100°F) Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications Fresh Replenisher Replenisher Analytical Specifications 900 mL 900 mL (Ethylenedinitrilo) Tetraacetic Acid Tetrasodium Salt 4.0 g 4.8 g EASTMAN Developer Stabilizer No. 1* 0.20 g Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous)† 4.35 g 4.00 ± 0.25 g/L 4.50 g 4.20 ± 0.25 g/L 2.95 g 2.70 ± 0.25 g/L 5.80 g 5.70 ± 0.
Accelerator Constituent Fresh Tank Accelerator * (AB-1b) Water 24- 38°C (75-100°F) 900 mL Sodium Metabisulfite (Anhydrous) 5.0 mL Persulfate Bleach Accelerator PBA-1 or KODAK liquid PBA-1§ 3.3 g or 4.0 mL Water to make Fresh Replenisher Replenisher Analytical Specifications (AB-1bR) 900 mL 2.0 ± 0.5 g/L† 3.3 g Acetic Acid (Glacial) (Ethylenedinitrilo) Tetraacetic Acid Tetrasodium Salt Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications 5.0 ± 0.5 mL/L‡ 3.3 ± 0.3 g/L or 4.0 ± 0.4 mL/L 0.
Alternate Process Bleaches Constituent Fresh Tank Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications Fresh Replenisher Replenisher Analytical Specifications UL Bleach* or “UL House” Bleach* Water 21-38°C (70-100°F) 700 mL 700 mL Proxel GXL 0.07 mL 0.10 mL Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (28%)† 54 mL 64 mL KODAK Chelating Agent No. 1 (PDTA) 44.8 g 51 g Ammonium Bromide (NH4Br) or Sodium Bromide (NaBr) 23.8 or 25 g 23.8 or 25 ± 3 g/L 30.7 or 32.3 g Acetic Acid Solution (90%) 10 mL 14.
Constituent Fresh Tank Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications Fresh Replenisher Replenisher Analytical Specifications Potassium “UL” Bleach Water 21-38°C (70-100°F) 700 mL 700 mL Proxel GXL 0.07 mL 0.07 mL KOH (45%)* 84 mL KODAK Chelating Agent No. 1 (PDTA) 54 g KBr or NaBr 92 g or 78 g Acetic Acid 60 g 92 g or 78 g 101 g or 86 g 13.5 mL 15 mL Ferric Nitrate (Nonahydrate)† 63 g 70 g Water to make 1L 1L 101 g or 86 g 5.30 ± 0.20 5.30 ± 0.20 1.131 ± 0.003 1.142 ± 0.
Fixer To be used with persulfate bleach (may also be used with alternate process bleaches) Constituent Fixer Fresh Tank Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications (F-35b) 800 mL Ammonium Thiosulfate Solution (58%) 100 mL 100 ± 10 mL/L 2.5 gL 15.0 ± 3.0 Sodium Bisulfite (Anhydrous) 10.3 g Potassium Iodide 0.50 g Water to make 700 mL 170.0 mL 170 ± 10 mL/L g/L* 16.0 g 23.0 ± 3.0 g/L* 0.50 ± 0.02 g/L 0.70 g 5.8 g 1L 0.70 ± 0.02 g/L 1L 5.8 ± 0.2† 6.6 ± 0.2† 1.060 ± 0.
Alternate Process Fixer The Sodium Fixer is recommended as an alternate fixer for use only with a persulfate bleach. The sodium fixer is not recommended for use in the ECN-2 process or as a “House Fixer”. Constituent Fresh Tank Fresh and Seasoned Tank Analytical Specifications Fresh Replenisher Replenisher Analytical Specifications Sodium Fixer Water 21-38°C (70 to 100°F) 800 mL 800 mL Sodium Thiosulfate (Anhydrous) 82.7 g 82.7 g ± 8 g/L 141 g 141 g ± 8 g/L Sodium Sulfite 2.
OPTICAL SOUND PROCESSING Storage of Solutions Do not use replenishers that have been stored at normal room temperatures 21 to 24°C (70 to 75°F), longer than the times given in Table 9-9. Storage temperatures higher than 24°C (75°F) will decrease the storage life of the solutions. Storage temperatures below 16°C (60°F) can cause some solution constituents to precipitate. Do not attempt to bring aged replenisher solutions to the formula level.
Processing KODAK Color Print Films, Module 9 Process ECP-2E Specifications MORE INFORMATION For more information on motion picture products, call or write to the Entertainment Imaging office nearest you. Or access Kodak’s home page on the Internet, web site address— http://www.kodak.com/go/motion You may want to bookmark our location so you can find us more easily. Processing KODAK Color Print Films, Module 9, Process ECP-2E Specifications Kodak, Vision, and Eastman are trademarks.
