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{ \ \ , I ! KODAK. Trademark, I888. Copyrighted by THE EASTMAN COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y.
+ THE M~NVHL KODHK + FOR THE B -I- + + ORDINARY KODAK.
CONTENTS. + +- +- PAR T I: Makz"ng the Exposures. PAR T II: Reloading- the Kodak. PAR T III: Makz"ng Flash Lz"ght Pz"ctures. PAR T IV. Developz"ng the NegaNves. PAR T V. Prz"ntz"ng the pzdures.
PART I. MAKING THE EXPOSURES. E.VERY Kodak is tested in actual use and adjusted until it IS 111 perfect working condition. It is then loaded with twenty-four exposures. To insure its reaching the purchaser in the same condition that it leaves the factory it is wrapped and sealed. The seal should be broken only by the purchaser. MAKING SNAP SHOTS. Snap shots can be made shines directly on the object; shade but the object should not.
2. SET THE SHUTTER. Pull the cord until two clicks are heard; pull it hard as far as it will go and do not slack the cord until the two clicks are heard; if stopped at one click, tile lens will be left 10ide open and tIle picture spoiled. 3. POINT THE KODAK. The finder shows the scope of the view. it on its side for horizontal views. Hold The diverging lines will then show the scope.
4. PRESS THE BUTTON. Press it firmly and do not let. the Kodak waver. This takes the picture. Wrong way. Right way.
5. REGISTER EXPOSURE. Press the register lever to the right. 6. TURN FILM INTO POSITION. Turn the key to the right as far as it will go; turn it firmly until it stops. If not pulled up tight, the film will not be in focus. Repeat above operations for every picture. TIME EXPOSURES INDOORS. I. PUT THE KODAK IN POSITION. Use' some firm support, like a windowsill, mantel or table. Set it in such a position that the finder or diverging lines will embrace the view desired. ~r--c~.
will blur the picture. If all the windows cannot be avoided pull down the shade of such as come within the range of the Kodak. 2. OPEN THE FRONT AND TURN THE MIDDLE STOP INTO THE LENS. 3. SET THE SHUTTER OPEN By pulling the cord until one click is heard. Keep the camera steady with the other hane, while pulling the cord. The proper time to leave the shutter open depends upon the character of the subject and the strength of the light.
For interiors, the following table is a good guide: TIME NEEDED FOR INTERIOR EXPOSURES. The following table gives the time of exposure required under varying conditions of light with the middle stop in the lens. If the largest stop is used, give only onehalf the time; if the smallest stop is used, give 5 times the time of the table. The smaller the stop the sharper the picture. The middle stop gives the best results tor interiors.
Medium-colored walls and hangings, and more than one window: bright sun outside, 8 seconds ; hazy sun, 20 seconds; cloudy bright, 40 seconds; cloudy dull, 80 seconds. Medium-colored walls and hangings, and o~ly one window: bright sun outside, 12 seconds : hazy sun, 30 seconds; cloudy bright, 60 seconds; cloudy dull, t20 seconds.
The foregoing is calculated for rooms whose windows get the direct light from the sky, and for hours from three hours after sunrise to three hours before sunset. If earlier or later, the time required will be longer. 4. PRESS THE BUTTON. 5. PUSH REGISTER LEVER. 6. TURN THE KEY. Repeat for each exposure. 4 TIME EXPOSURES IN THE OPEN AIR.
. Witl, Sunshi n e-The le ns can ha r dly be opened a nd shut quick eno ugh to avoid O\·e r-exposu re. Witll Lig ht Clouds-From W ith H eavy Clouds-From y; 2 to I t o 5 seconds will be r eq u ired. The above is calculated for the same hours as mentioned on page 12 and for objects in the open air. For other hours and for objects in the shadow, under porches, or under trees, no accurate directions can be gIven; experience only can teach the proper exposure to give. The Stops.
10 .... . The Smallest-For cap exposures outdoors in cloudy weather. Never jor instanta1leous exposures. The time required for cap exposures on cloudy days with smallest stop will range from ~ second to 5 seconds, according to the light. See page '3 • When setting the stops always see that the one to be used the center of the lens where it catches. c::rr This will be the result if you use the smallest stop for instantaneous exposure.
PART II. RE-LOADING THE KODA K . Provide a. A spool of Film to fit this Kodak. b. An Eastman Orange Candle Lamp. c. A dark room having a shelf or table. By a dark room is meant one that is wholly dark-not a ray of light in it. Such a room can easily be secured at night almost anywhere.
Having provided such a room or closet where, when the door is closed, no ray of light can be seen, set up on the table or shelf the Orange Candle lamp, and light it as directed in the circular which comes in the box in which the lamp is enclosed. TIle lamp gives a subdued yellow or orange l£ght wllich will not injure tlle film unless it is held close to it. Set the lamp on the table at least eighteen inches from and with the side toward the operator. 1.
3. Remove the fresh spool from its box and wrapper and use them to enclose the spool of exposures taken from the Kodak. 4. Lay the fresh spool on the table with a bit of clean cloth or paper under it, and along side it lay the empty spool taken from the Kodak; the full spool at the left and the slotted ends of both away from the operator. The sensitive side of the film is wound outside on the fresh spool. It must be handled ca,'eji,lly to prevent injuring it, Moist fingers should be avoided. 5.
6. Replace the spools in the camera, slotted ends down, the full spool at the left and the film passing over the exposing board, to the empty spool at the right, then, 7. Replace and screw down the lids. If the film unwinds while placing it in the camera, the slack can be taken up by turning the milled head of the register backwm·d. 8. Turn the key until the film 9.
PART III. TAK1NG KODAK PICTURES AT NIGHT WITH THE FLASH LIGHT APPARATUS. The recent invention of the flash light apparatus renders easy the taking, with such a camera as the Kodak, photographs at night. The requisites are The Kodak Camera, The Flash Light Apparatus. The flash light apparatus consists of a specially constructed alcohol lamp, having in front of it a little tray upon which is poured about a teaspoonful of flash light powder.
As soon as the flame touches the powder it fl,ashes up an intense white light, sufficiently strong to make a picture instantaneously. Many interiors can be taken with th::: flash light that are impracticable by day light, either by reason of a lack of illumination or because there are windows in the direct line of the view which cannot be darkened sufficiently to prevent the blurring of the picture.
PREPARATION OF THE FLASH LIGHT. The light should always be placed two feet behind and two to three feet to one side of the Kodak. If placed in front or on a line with front of the camera, the flash would strike the lens and blur the picture. It should be placed at one side as well as behind, so as to throw a shadow and give a little relief in the lighting. The lamp should be at the same height, or a little higher than the camera.
lay the bulb down (to prevent accident) and pour upon the tray in front of the .flame the contents of one of the capsules of powder that accompany the la~p; then uncap the camera, stand at arm's length and press the Bulb. There will be a. bright flash which will instantly impress the picture on the sensitive film. Then cap' the camera and turn a fresh film into place with the key ready for another picture~. NOTE.
TO MAKE A PORTRAIT. Place the sitter in a chair partly facing the camera (which should be at the height of an ordinary table), and turn the face slightly toward the camera. The distance from the camera to the subject should be about 8 to 10 feet. The lamp should be on the side of the camera away from the face, that is the sitter should not face the lamp. The lamp should be placed higher ;than the head of the sitte~. :rO MAKE A GROUP.
BACKGROUNDS. In making single portraits or groups, care should be taken to have a suitable background against which the figures will show in relief; a light background is better than a dark one, and often a single figure or two will show up well against a lace curtain. For larger groups a medium light wall will be suitable. The .finder on top of the camera will aid the operator to compose the groups so as to get the best effect.
• PART IV. D EVELOPIN G. Provide an Eastman's ABC Developing and Printing Outfit, which contains; I Eastman's Candle Lamp, 4 Developing Trays, I Glass beaker, I 4 x 5 Printing F rame, I 4- x 5 Glass for same, I Stirring Rod, Yz Dozen Developing Powders, Yz Lb. Hyposulphite Soda, 2 Dozen Sheets 4 x 5 Ferro-Prusriate Papel . I Package of Bromide of Potassium. I Ounce Glycerine.
Also provide a pair of shears, a pitcher of cold water, (preferably, ice water), a pail for slops, and a dark room having a shelf or table. By a dark room it. IS meant one that is wholly dark-not a ray of light in Such a room can easily be se<:ured at night almost anywhere. The reason a dark room is required is that the film is extremely sensitive to white light, either daylight or lamplight, and would be spoiled if exposed to it even for a fraction of a second, while being removed from the Kodak.
2. Unroll the film, and cut perforation. 3. Fill one of the trays nearly full of water, and put into it the exposures, one by one, face down; put them in edgewise, to avoid air bells, and immerse them fully. the exposures apart one-fourth £nch before each Cover the tray with a bit of brown paper, to keep out the light from the lamp. 4. Open one of the developer powders and put the contents (2 chemicals) into the beaker and fill it up to the ring with water.
minutes the operato r will be able to distingu ish objects In the picture. The develop er should be allowed to act 5 to 10 minutes . The progres s of the development may be watche d by holding the negativ e, from time to time, up to the lamp. 6. Transfe r the develop ed film to the third tray and nnse two or three times with water, leaving it to soak while the next film is being develop ed.
9. 10. The . yellow shade can be removed from the lamp as soon as all the exposures have been fixed. Pour off the fixing solution into the slop bucket, and fill the tray with clear, cold water; repeat this at intervals of 5 minutes, five or six times, keeping the negatives in motion, or transferring them back and forth to tray NO.3, one by one, to ensure the water acting evenly upon them . The fixing solution must only be used in tray NO.4. And the negatives, after fixing, must not be put in either No.
DEFECTIVE NEGATIVES. By following closely the foregoing directions, the novice can make seventy-five per cent., or upwards, of good negatives. Sometimes, however, the directions are not followed, and failures result. To forewarn the Kodaker IS to forearm him, and we therefore describe tllC:: .common causes of failure. CINDER-EXPOSVRS.
OVER-EXPOSURE. Caused by too much light. Negative develops evenly, shadows almost as fast as high lights. No contrast, and no deep' shadows. Over-exposure can be overcome in the development, by · the addition of bromide of potassium to the developer. The printing and developing outfit includes a package of bromide, with directions, for its use. The novice will soon learn to recognize over~exposure, and to apply the remedy.
OVER-D EVELO PMENT . Caused by leaving the negativ e too long in the develop er. In this case, the negati ve is very strong and intense by transmitt ed light and requires a very long time to print. The remedy is obvious. UNDER -DEVEL OPMEN T. Caused by remova l from the develop er too soon. An undevelo ped negative differs from an under-ex posed one, in that it is apt to be thin and full of detail, instead of harsh, and lacking in detail.
PART V . PRINTIN G ON FERRO-PR USSIA T E P A PER. Ferro -prussiate paper affords the easiest way of making proofs from Kodak negatives, no chemicals being required. The operation being simply to lay a piece of the prepared paper behind the negative, in the sun, until it is darkened sufficiently, and then wash the print for a few minutes in clean water. The resulting picture is of a very agreeable, bright blue color on a white ground, and is permanent. METHOD OF P RINTING.
jts register with the negative. The operation of putting on the Sensitive Paper must be performed in a subdued light, that is to say in an ordinary room, as far as possible from any window. The paper not used must be kept covered 'in its envelope. The printing frame, when filled as directed, is to be laid glass side up in strong light until the light, passing through the negative into the Sensitive Paper, has impressed the image sufficiently upon it.
If the prints are too light when washed, it will be evident that the printing was stopped too soon; and, if too dark, vice versa. The image, before the picture is washed, is quite indistinct, and two or three trials will be required to enable the novice to judge how far to carry the prints; but when learned with one negative it will be simple with all. , If the Kodaker wants silver prints from his negatives, he has simply to substitute Eastman's sensitized paper for the ferro-prussiate paper.
DEVELOPING AND PRINTING. The Eastman Company was the first to render commercially possible the separation of the developing and printing from the picture taking. The division of labor inaugurated by them has brought picture taking within the reach of thousands of persons throughout the world who could not otherwise practice the art. Carrying the division of labor still further, in our own factory we employ trained operators in every branch of the work.
ENLARGING. In this department we also claim to excel. We are the largest manufacturers and users of Bromide paper 111 the world, and our operators are skillful and experienced. Kodak negatives of all sizes lend themselves to enlargement with equal facility. Any Kodak negative that will make a good contact print, will make a good enlargement of any size. An A Kodak negative, 2% x 37.( inches, can be enlarged perfectly by us, up to 30 x 40 inches ; or, of course, to any smaller size.
PATE NTS. The KODAK CAMER A , ROLL HOLDE R, Film, and process es, and machin ery for manufa cturing same, are covered by the followi ng patents owned by the EASTMA N KODAK COMPA NY: No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 248,179 306 , 594 3 I6 ,933 3 17,049 3 17,050 355,084 35 8 ,893 370,050 370, IIO 370,III 370.216 388,850 405.454 October October May May May Decembe r March Septemb er September Septemb er Septemb er Septemb er June II, 14, 5, 5, 5, 28, 8, 20, 20, 20, 20, 4, 18, I88r.
LIST OF PRINCIPAL FO'REIGN K01)~K 1)E~LE'RS. Adelaide, Australia, BAKER & ROUSE. Amsterdam, Holland, E. FISCHEL, JR., 88 Gelderschekade. Amsterdam, Holland, GROOTE & ZN., Kalverstraat. Antwerp, Belgium, L. VAN NECK, Rue Klapdorf. Berlin, Germany, ROMAIN TALBOT, Kaiser Wilhelm-Strasse 46. Bombay, THACKER & Co. BrusselS, Belgium, SEB. GECELE, 86 Marche Aux Herbes. Brussels, Belgium, J. MARYNEN & Co., 22 Montague Aux Herbes Potageres. Brussels, Belgium, J. VANDENSCHRIEK, '4' Chaussee d'Anvers.
Price List of Suppli es for the B Ordina ry Kodak . Spools film, 24 exposures __ " ________ _______________ ____ $1 Ferro-pru ssiate paper, per pkg. 2 doz., 3Yz x 4- ___________ Eastman 's Sensitized ,. Solio" paper, per pkg. 2 d07.en ____ Toning solution for do, per bottle _______________________ Mounts, maroon or primrose, gold bevel edge, per dozen ___ Developer powders, per pkg. of 12 ______________________ Hyposulp hite soda pulveri zed, per lb ______________ .
• t ( ·f " You press the button, We do the rest," Or you can do it yourself.
