www.keithley.com Model 2461 1 kW Pulse Mode Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User’s Manual 2461-900-01 Rev.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual © 2015, Keithley Instruments Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part, without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments is strictly prohibited. TSP®, TSP-Link®, and TSP-Net® are trademarks of Keithley Instruments. All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments.
Safety precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1-1 Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 Introduction to this manual ................................................................................................... 1-1 Extended warranty ............................................................................
Table of Contents Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Making basic front-panel measurements ................................................................ 4-1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4-1 Equipment required for this application................................................................................ 4-2 Device connections .........................................
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications ........................................................................................... 8-2 Device connections .............................................................................................................. 8-2 Solar panel characterization ................................................................................................ 8-4 Set up the solar panel I-V sweep from the front panel .......
Table of Contents Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual What are the Quick Setup options? ................................................................................... 11-5 Next steps ............................................................................................................... 12-1 Additional Model 2461 information .....................................................................................
Section 1 Introduction In this section: Welcome .................................................................................. 1-1 Introduction to this manual ....................................................... 1-1 Extended warranty ................................................................... 1-1 Contact information .................................................................. 1-2 CD-ROM contents ....................................................................
Section 1: Introduction Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Contact information If you have any questions after you review the information in this documentation, please contact your local Keithley Instruments office, sales partner, or distributor. You can also call Keithley Instruments corporate headquarters (toll-free inside the U.S. and Canada only) at 1-800-935-5595, or from outside the U.S. at +1-440-248-0400.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 1: Introduction Troubleshooting FAQs (on page 11-1): Provides answers to frequently asked questions to help you troubleshoot common problems encountered with the Model 2461. Next steps (on page 12-1): Provides information about additional resources that can help you use the Model 2461. The PDF version of this manual contains bookmarks for each section.
Section 2 Using the front-panel interface In this section: Front panel overview ................................................................ 2-1 Power the instrument on or off ................................................. 2-3 Turn the Model 2461 output on or off ....................................... 2-4 Touchscreen display................................................................. 2-5 Store measurements on a USB flash drive.............................
Section 2: Using the front-panel interface POWER switch HOME key MENU key QUICKSET key HELP key USB port Touchscreen Navigation control ENTER key EXIT key FUNCTION key TRIGGER key OUTPUT ON/OFF switch 2-2 Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Turns the instrument on or off. To turn the instrument on, press the power switch so that it is in the on position (|). To turn it off, press the power switch so that it is in the off position (O).
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual REMOTE LED indicator LAN LED indicator 1588 LED indicator INTERLOCK LED indicator SENSE terminals Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Illuminates when the instrument is controlled through a remote interface. Illuminates when the instrument is connected to a local area network (LAN). Illuminates when the instrument is connected to an IEEE-1588 compliant device. Note that 1588 functionality is not supported at this time.
Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Do not replace detachable mains supply cords with inadequately rated cords. Failure to use properly rated cords may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock. To connect the power cord: 1. Make sure that the front-panel POWER switch is in the off (O) position. 2. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel. 3.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface When the source of the instrument is turned off, it may not completely isolate the instrument from the external circuit. You can use the Output Off setting to place the Model 2461 in a known, noninteractive state during idle periods, such as when you are changing the device under test. The output-off states that can be selected for a Model 2461 are normal, high-impedance, zero, or guard.
Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Scroll bars Some of the interactive screens have additional options that are only visible when you scroll down the screen. A scroll indicator on the right side of the touchscreen identifies these screens. Swipe the screen up or down to view the additional options. The figure below shows a screen with a scroll bar.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface # Screen element Description 1 Minimize indicator You can swipe down to minimize the swipe screens. 2 Swipe screen indicator Each circle represents one swipe screen. As you swipe right or left, a different circle changes color, indicating where you are in the screen sequence. Select a circle to go to a swipe screen without swiping.
Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual SETTINGS swipe screen The SETTINGS swipe screen gives you front-panel access to some instrument settings. It shows you the present settings and allows you to change, enable, or disable them quickly. Figure 6: SETTINGS swipe screen To disable or enable a setting, select the box next to the setting so that it shows an X (disabled) or a check mark (enabled).
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2: Using the front-panel interface GRAPH swipe screen The GRAPH swipe screen shows a graphical representation of the readings in the presently selected reading buffer. Figure 9: GRAPH swipe screen To view the graph in the full screen and to access graph settings, select the graph icon on the right side of the swipe screen header. You can also open the full-function Graph screen by pressing the MENU key and selecting Graph under Views.
Section 2: Using the front-panel interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Store measurements on a USB flash drive If there is measurement data in the buffer, you can copy it from the Model 2461 to a USB flash drive. The information is saved in the .csv file format. To store measurement data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Insert a flash drive into the front-panel USB port. Press the MENU key. In the Measure column, select Reading Buffers.
Section 3 Using a remote interface In this section: Remote communications interfaces.......................................... 3-1 Supported remote interfaces .................................................... 3-1 GPIB communications .............................................................. 3-2 LAN communications................................................................ 3-4 USB communications ............................................................... 3-6 Using the web interface ..........
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual GPIB communications The Model 2461 GPIB interface is IEEE Std 488.1 compliant and supports IEEE Std 488.2 common commands and status model topology. You can have up to 15 devices connected to a GPIB interface, including the controller. The maximum cable length is the lesser of either: The number of devices multiplied by 2 m (6.5 ft) 20 m (65.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface To allow many parallel connections to one instrument, stack the connectors. Each connector has two screws to ensure that connections remain secure. The figure below shows a typical connection diagram for a test system with multiple instruments. To avoid possible mechanical damage, stack no more than three connectors on any one instrument.
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual To set the GPIB address from the front panel: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Press the MENU key. Under System, select Communication. The SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS window opens. Select the GPIB tab. Next to Address, select the number. The GPIB Address dialog box is displayed. Enter the address. Select OK. LAN communications You can communicate with the instrument using a local area network (LAN).
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface To set up automatic IP address selection using the front panel: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press the MENU key. Under System, select Communication. Select the LAN tab. For TCP/IP Mode, select Auto. Select Apply Settings to save your settings. Set up manual LAN configuration If necessary, you can set the IP address on the instrument manually.
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Install LXI Discovery Browser software on your computer You can use the LXI Discovery Browser to identify the IP addresses of LXI-certified instruments. Once identified, you can double-click the IP address in the LXI Discovery Browser to open the web interface for the instrument. The Keithley LXI Discovery Browser is available on the Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.com).
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Communicate with the instrument For the instrument to communicate with the USB device, you must use NI-VISATM.
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual 3. Click Next. The Select Communication Bus dialog box is displayed. Figure 14: Select Communication Bus dialog box 4. Select USB. 5. Click Next. The Select Instrument Driver dialog box is displayed. Figure 15: Select Instrument Driver dialog box 6. Select Auto-detect Instrument Driver - Model. 7. Click Next.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface Figure 16: Name Virtual Instrument dialog box 9. 10. 11. 12. In the Virtual Instrument Name box, enter a name that you want to use to refer to the instrument. Click Finish. Click Cancel to close the Wizard. Save the configuration. From the Keithley Configuration Panel, select File > Save. Verify the instrument through the Keithley Communicator: 1.
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual If you have a full version of NI-VISA on your system, you can run NI-MAX or the VISA Interactive Control utility. See the National Instruments documentation for information. If you have the Agilent IO Libraries on your system, you can run Agilent Connection Expert to check your USB instruments. See the Agilent documentation for information.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface You can also try restarting the computer and the instrument. To restart the instrument: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Turn the instrument's power off, and then on. Wait at least 60 seconds for the network configuration to be completed. Press the MENU key. Under System, select Communication. Select the LAN tab. Verify the settings. If the above actions do not correct the problem, contact your system administrator.
Section 3: Using a remote interface Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Identify the instrument If you have a bank of instruments, you can click the ID button to determine which one you are communicating with. To identify the instrument: In the middle of the left side of the Home page, click the ID button. The button turns green and the LAN status indicator on the instrument blinks.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using a remote interface To change to the SCPI command set from a remote interface: Send the command: *LANG SCPI Reboot the instrument. To change to the TSP command set from a remote interface: Send the command: *LANG TSP Reboot the instrument. To verify which command set is selected: Send the command: *LANG? 2461-900-01 Rev.
Section 4 Making basic front-panel measurements In this section: Introduction .............................................................................. 4-1 Equipment required for this application .................................... 4-2 Device connections .................................................................. 4-2 Make front-panel measurements ..............................................
Section 4: Making basic front-panel measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Equipment required for this application Equipment required for this application: Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument One 10 k resistor to test Two insulated banana cables; you can use the set that is provided with the Model 2461, the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High-Performance Clip Lead Set Device connections Turn the power to the instrument off before attaching connec
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 4: Making basic front-panel measurements How to make front-panel measurements To make a measurement from the front panel: 1. Press the POWER switch on the front panel to turn on the instrument or cycle power if the instrument is already on. 2. Verify the source and measure function. On the front panel, press the FUNCTION key. 3. Under Source Voltage and Measure, select Current. 4. Select the source range.
Section 5 Measuring low-resistance devices In this section: Introduction............................................................................... 5-1 Equipment required .................................................................. 5-1 Set up remote communications ................................................ 5-1 Device connections .................................................................. 5-2 Low-resistance measurements .................................................
Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 20: Model 2461 remote interface connections Device connections To provide the best measurement accuracy, use the four-wire (Kelvin) measurement method for this test. This method eliminates the effects of lead resistance on the measurement accuracy. It is the preferred method when measuring low resistances.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard terminals. To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death, never make or break connections to the Model 2461 while the output is on. To prevent electric shock, test connections must be configured such that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any device under test (DUT) that is in contact with the conductors.
Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual You can use either the front-panel or the rear-panel terminals for this application. The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels. Note that you must use either the front-panel terminals or rear-panel terminals — you cannot mix connections.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Low-resistance measurements This application demonstrates how to use the Model 2461 to measure a low-resistance device. You can measure from the front panel or over the remote interface using SCPI code or TSP code. For this application, you will: Reset the instrument. Enable offset compensation. This reduces offset caused by thermoelectric voltages.
Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual View the measurements on the front-panel GRAPH swipe screen You can view the resistance measurements as a function of time on the front-panel GRAPH swipe screen. To access the GRAPH swipe screen, swipe the bottom part of the Home screen to the right. A graph similar to the one in the figure below is displayed.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices You may need to make changes so that this code will run in your programming environment.
Section 5: Measuring low-resistance devices Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Send the following commands for this example application: --Reset the instrument to the default settings reset() --Configure the Simple Loop trigger model template to make 100 readings. trigger.model.load("SimpleLoop", 100) --Change the view on the front panel to the GRAPH swipe screen. display.changescreen(display.
Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements In this section: Introduction............................................................................... 6-1 Equipment required .................................................................. 6-3 Device connections .................................................................. 6-4 Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing ............
Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual For both the charging and discharging cycles, you configure the Model 2461 to source voltage and measure current. The following figures show simplified schematics for the charge and discharge cycles. Figure 26: Model 2461 charge-discharge cycle 1 Model 2461 is in source mode (VS > VB). Instrument functions as a power supply; charge current (i) is positive. 2 Model 2461 is in sink mode (Vs < VB).
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements If you are using the current source to charge or discharge batteries, the following precautions must be observed. Failure to observe these precautions could result in instrument damage that is not covered by the warranty. Make sure the external voltage never exceeds the voltage limit setting of the current source. This will cause excessive current to be drawn from the external battery or source.
Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Device connections To set up the test, connect the Model 2461 to the battery as shown in the following figure. Make a 4-wire (remote sense) connection from the instrument terminals to the battery to eliminate the effects of the lead resistance. This allows you to measure the battery voltage as closely as possible to the terminals of the instrument.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements You can make test connections to the Model 2461 from the rear or front panel of the instrument. Connect the FORCE HI and SENSE HI output terminals of the Model 2461 to the positive (+) terminal of the battery. Connect the SENSE LO and FORCE LO outputs to the negative () terminal of the battery.
Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing Battery charge and discharge cycles often take several hours, so automating the test is important. This example demonstrates how to use the Model 2461 to perform an automated battery discharge test using SCPI commands or TSP commands. For this application, you will: Reset the instrument.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely. You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The following figure shows the rear-panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces.
Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Send the following commands for this example application: SMU command or pseudocode Commands SMU command OUTP:SMOD HIMP SENS:CURR:RSEN ON SOUR:FUNC VOLT SOUR:VOLT 0.9 ROUT:TERM REAR SOUR:VOLT:READ:BACK ON SOUR:VOLT:RANG 2 SOUR:VOLT:ILIM 2.5 SENS:FUNC "CURR" SENS:CURR:RANG 4 OUTP ON Pseudocode iteration = 1 voltLimit = 0.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Set up the battery application using TSP commands The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder (TSB). TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website. You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP-enabled instruments.
Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Send the following TSP commands for this example application: --This code discharges a 2500 mAH 1.2 V battery to 0.9 V with a --discharge current of 2.5A (1C). --Before using this code, reset the instrument from the front panel --and set the output-off state of the Model 2461 to High Impedance --(High Z). Also, insert a USB flash drive in the front-panel USB --port to save your readings.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 6: Rechargeable battery measurements FileNumber = file.open("/usb1/TestData.csv", file.MODE_WRITE) file.write(FileNumber,"Current,Voltage,Seconds\n") --Print the measured values in a four-column format. print("nIteration:\tCurrent:\tVoltage:\tTime:\n") for i = 1, defbuffer1.n do print(i, defbuffer1[i], defbuffer1.sourcevalues[i], defbuffer1.relativetimestamps[i]) file.write(FileNumber, string.format("%g,%g, %g\r\n",defbuffer1.
Section 7 Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart In this section: Introduction............................................................................... 7-1 Equipment and software required ............................................. 7-1 Set up remote communications ................................................ 7-2 Device connections .................................................................. 7-2 Generating an I-V sweep using KickStart .................................
Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely. You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The following figure shows the rear-panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart The following figure shows the schematic for testing a high-brightness LED. Figure 34: Model 2461 4-wire rear connections The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels. Note that you must use either the front-panel terminals or rear-panel terminals — you cannot mix connections. The figure below shows the front-panel connections.
Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The figure below shows the rear-panel connections. You can make these connections with either the Model 2460-KIT Screw-Terminal Connector Kit (included with the Model 2461) or a Model 2460-BAN Banana Test Leads/Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart Launch KickStart and set up the test Once the communication cable is connected to the computer and the TSP command set is enabled, you are ready to launch the KickStart software. To create a new test project: 1. Launch the KickStart software. The Start Page is displayed, as shown in the following figure. Figure 37: KickStart Startup Software Start Page 2.
Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual 5. Click Select Instrument in the bottom left corner of the screen. If the Model 2461 is configured properly, it appears in the Instrument Configuration panel. 6. Right-click Model 2461:1 and select Add Instrument. Information about the connected Model 2461 appears in the bottom half of the Instrument Configuration panel. Figure 38: Select instrument in the Instrument Configuration 7.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart 10. In the lower part of the Measure Settings column, select the button next to Advanced Configuration and set the parameters listed in the following table. Advanced settings Parameter Value Input Jacks Rear Sensing Mode 4-wire Output OFF State Normal High Capacitance Off Offset Compensation Off 11. To configure the graphing function, select the Graph tab. 12.
Section 7: Generating an I-V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual View and save the test data in tabular form You can also view the results of the test in tabular form by selecting the Sheet tab. The figure below shows the test results on the Sheet tab. Figure 40: Test data on the KickStart Sheet tab To export the data as a .csv or .xlsx file, click Excel Format or CSV Format in the Export Data/Graph area of the ribbon at the top of the screen.
Section 8 Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel In this section: Introduction............................................................................... 8-1 Equipment required .................................................................. 8-1 Set up remote communications ................................................ 8-2 Device connections .................................................................. 8-2 Solar panel characterization ..................................................
Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications You can run this application from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The following figure shows the rear-panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel The following figure shows the schematic for the application. Figure 42: Model 2461 connections to a solar panel The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels. Note that you must use either the front-panel terminals or rear-panel terminals — you cannot mix connections. The figure below shows the front-panel connections.
Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Solar panel characterization This application demonstrates how to use the Model 2461 to characterize a solar panel. The examples show how to use the front panel, SCPI code over a remote interface, and TSP code over a remote interface. For this test, you will: Reset the instrument. Select the source voltage function and measure current function. Set the current limit.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Press the MENU key. Under Measure, select Settings. Select the button next to Sense and select 4-Wire Sense. Press the MENU key. Under Source, select Sweep. 12. Set the Start level to 0 V and select OK. 13. Set the Stop level to 20 V and select OK. 14. Select the button next to Definition and select Number of Points. 15.
Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up the solar panel I-V sweep using SCPI commands This example sequence of SCPI commands generates an I-V sweep on a solar panel. You may need to make changes so that this code will run in your programming environment. In this example, the voltage is swept from 0 V to 20 V in 115 steps. The resulting solar panel current is measured.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Send the following commands for this example application: --Define the number of points in the sweep. num = 115 --Reset the instrument and clear the buffer. reset() --Set the source and measure functions. smu.measure.func = smu.FUNC_DC_CURRENT smu.source.func = smu.FUNC_DC_VOLTAGE --Configure the measurement settings. smu.terminals = smu.TERMINALS_FRONT smu.measure.sense = smu.
Section 8: Measuring I-V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual In the example above, the instrument is programmed to display custom text on the USER swipe screen using the display.changescreen and display.settext commands. After the test is finished, the display will indicate the maximum power (Pmax), the short circuit current (ISC), and the open circuit voltage (VOC), as shown in the figure below.
Section 9 Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs In this section: Introduction .............................................................................. 9-1 Equipment required .................................................................. 9-1 Set up remote communications ................................................ 9-2 Device connections .................................................................. 9-2 High-speed, high-power pulses from a remote interface ..........
Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely. You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The following figure shows the rear-panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs The following figure shows the schematic for outputting high-current pulses to a resistor. Figure 49: Model 2461 4-wire connections to a resistor The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels. The front-panel connections are safety banana jacks; the rear-panel connection is a screw terminal. The figure below shows the front-panel connections.
Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The figure below shows the rear-panel connections. You can make these connections with either the Model 2460-KIT Screw-Terminal Connector Kit (included with the Model 2461) or a Model 2460-BAN Banana Test Leads/Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Define the pulse sweep test parameters The following pulse parameters, which define the magnitude and timing of the pulse sweep, will be entered into the pulse command to generate the configuration list and trigger model necessary for the pulses. The actual values for these test parameters will vary depending on your specific application.
Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The following figure illustrates these test parameters. Figure 52: Model 2461 Pulse Sweep Diagram Set up the source and measure functions To generate high-speed, high-current pulses and measure the voltage during each pulse, it is important to configure the measure and source functions appropriately. The pulse command will report an error if the set measure time is longer than the pulse width.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Front-panel operations to output a high-current pulse sweep You can use the pulse settings screen to configure the Model 2461 for pulsing from the front panel of the instrument. It is important to set the instrument’s measure range to a level that will fit the pulse limit magnitude before entering the pulse settings screen.
Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual TSP commands to output a high-current pulse train The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder (TSB). TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website. You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP-enabled instruments.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs smu.measure.range = 10 smu.measure.nplc = .01 smu.measure.autozero.enable = smu.OFF --Send the pulse sweep command to set up the trigger model and configuration lists. smu.source.pulsesweeplinear(configListName, bias_level, start, stop, points, pulse_width, MeasureEnable, bufferName, delay, offTime, count, xBiasLimit, xPulseLimit, failAbort, dual) --Initiate trigger model and wait until finished.
Section 9: Pulse Testing High-Brightness LEDs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Figure 54: Reading table showing measurement results 9-10 2461-900-01 Rev.
Section 10 Capturing high-power pulse waveforms In this section: Introduction ............................................................................ 10-1 Equipment required ................................................................ 10-1 Set up remote communications .............................................. 10-2 Device connections ................................................................ 10-2 High-speed, high-power pulses from a remote interface ........
Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely. You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument (GPIB, USB, or ethernet). The following figure shows the rear-panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms The following figure shows the schematic for outputting high-current pulses to a resistor. Figure 56: Model 2461 4-wire connections to a resistor The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels. The front-panel connections are safety banana jacks; the rear-panel connection is a screw terminal. The figure below shows the front-panel connections.
Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The figure below shows the rear-panel connections. You can make these connections with either the Model 2460-KIT Screw-Terminal Connector Kit (included with the Model 2461) or a Model 2460-BAN Banana Test Leads/Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Define the pulse train test parameters The following pulse parameters, which define the magnitude and timing of the pulse train, will be entered into the pulse command to generate the configuration list and trigger model necessary for the pulses. The actual values for these test parameters will vary depending on your specific application.
Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual The following figure illustrates these test parameters. Figure 59: Timing diagram for the example The trigger model of the pulse command The built-in pulse settings screen and the remote pulse commands configure the trigger model of the Model 2461 to generate the pulses.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Front panel operations to output high-current pulses You can use the Pulse Settings screen to configure the Model 2461 for pulsing from the front panel of the instrument. It is important to set the digitize range to a level that will fit the pulse limit magnitude before you make changes to the Pulse Settings screen.
Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual TSP commands to output a high-power pulse waveforms The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder (TSB). TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website. You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP-enabled instruments.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Viewing the measure waveform on the front panel You can view the I-V characteristics of the diode on the front panel of the instrument using the built-in graphing functions. To view the graph: 1. Press the MENU key. 2. Under View, select Graph. The displayed graph with vary depending on the type of Scaling selected.
Section 10: Capturing high-power pulse waveforms Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Viewing the source and digitize waveforms simultaneously on the front panel In this example, you enable source readback to capture the current source waveform and the voltage digitize waveform. You can plot the two waveforms together on the same graph to examine time dependencies between the two waveforms.
Section 11 Troubleshooting FAQs In this section: About this section ................................................................... 11-1 Where can I find updated drivers? .......................................... 11-1 How do I upgrade the firmware? ............................................ 11-2 Why can't the Model 2461 read my USB flash drive? ............. 11-2 How do I change the command set? ...................................... 11-2 Why am I getting a 5074 event code? .........................
Section 11: Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual How do I upgrade the firmware? Do not turn off power or remove the USB flash drive until the upgrade process is complete. You can upgrade or downgrade the firmware from the front panel or from the virtual front panel. Refer to "Using the Model 2461 virtual front panel" in the Model 2461 Reference Manual for information. From the front panel or virtual front panel: 1. Copy the firmware file (.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 11: Troubleshooting FAQs You cannot combine the command sets. As delivered from Keithley Instruments, the Model 2461 is set to work with the Model 2461 SCPI command set. To set the command set from the front panel: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press the MENU key. Under System, select Settings. Select the button next to Command Set. Select the command set. You are prompted to reboot.
Section 11: Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual How do I save the present state of the instrument? You can save the settings in the instrument as a script using the front-panel menus or from a remote interface. After they are saved, you can recall the script or copy it to a USB flash drive. From the front panel: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Configure the Model 2461 to the settings that you want to save. Press the MENU key. Under Scripts, select Create Setup.
Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 11: Troubleshooting FAQs What are the Quick Setup options? The QUICKSET key opens a screen that provides access to function selection, performance adjustments, and quick setups. The Function button on the Quickset menu allows you to select a source or measure function. The options are the same as those available when you use the front-panel FUNCTION key. The Performance slider allows you to adjust speed and resolution.
Section 12 Next steps In this section: Additional Model 2461 information ......................................... 12-1 Additional Model 2461 information This manual has prepared you to start using your new Model 2461 Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument for your application. For more detailed information, refer to the Keithley Instruments Model 2461 Reference Manual. For related documentation, software tools, and drivers, see the Product Information CD-ROM. Also see the Keithley Instruments website, www.
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