w w w . k e i th l e y. c o m Series 2400 SourceMeter® User’s Manual 2400S-900-01 Rev.
400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual ©2011, Keithley Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Document Number: 2400S-900-01 Rev.
Safety Precautions 04/09 The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedancelimited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty. Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
Table of contents Section 1 Title Page Getting Started General information ....................................................................... 1-2 Contact information ................................................................. 1-2 Manual addenda ..................................................................... 1-2 Safety symbols and terms ...................................................... 1-2 Inspection ...............................................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Main menu ............................................................................ Rules to navigate menus ...................................................... Editing source and compliance values ................................. Toggling the source and measure display fields ................... Disabling front panel display ................................................. Configuration menus .................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Sense selection ...................................................................... 4-7 Offset-compensated ohms ............................................................ 4-8 Enabling/disabling offset-compensated ohms ........................ 4-8 Ohms accuracy calculations ................................................... 4-9 Ohms source readback ...............................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Compliance examples ............................................................ 6-4 Determining compliance limit .................................................. 6-4 Overheating protection .................................................................. 6-6 Overheating conditions ........................................................... 6-6 Source-delay-measure cycle .........................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 9 Table of Contents Data Store Data store overview ...................................................................... Front panel data store ................................................................... Storing readings ...................................................................... Recalling readings .................................................................. Buffer statistics .................................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Data flow ............................................................................... 12-3 Limit 1 test (compliance) ....................................................... 12-3 Limit 2, limit 3, and limit 5-12 tests ........................................ 12-3 Limit 4 ................................................................................... 12-3 Limit test modes ...................................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Front panel GPIB operation ........................................................ 14-5 Error and status messages ................................................... 14-5 GPIB status indicators .......................................................... 14-5 LOCAL key ........................................................................... 14-6 Programming syntax ...................................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents 16 Common Commands Command summary .................................................................... Command reference ................................................................... *IDN? — identification query ................................................ *OPC — operation complete ................................................ *OPC? — operation complete query .................................... *SAV — save......................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Read display ....................................................................... 18-46 Define :TEXT messages ..................................................... 18-46 FORMat subsystem .................................................................. 18-47 Data format ......................................................................... 18-47 Data elements .....................................................................
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Select default conditions ................................................... 18-102 Error queue ....................................................................... 18-102 SYSTem subsystem ................................................................ 18-103 Default conditions ............................................................. 18-103 Control remote sensing ....................................................
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents Bus lines ....................................................................................... D-5 Data lines ............................................................................... D-5 Bus management lines .......................................................... D-5 Handshake lines .................................................................... D-5 Bus commands ......................................................................
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Trigger-on-talk ....................................................................... G-5 Message available ................................................................. G-5 General operation notes ........................................................
1 Getting Started • General information — Covers general information that includes contact information, safety symbols and terms, inspection, and available options and accessories. • Product overview — Summarizes the features of the SourceMeter. • Front and rear panel familiarization — Summarizes the controls and connectors of the instrument. • Power-up — Covers line power connection, line voltage settings, fuse replacement, and the power-up sequence.
1-2 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual General information Contact information Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any questions, please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Application Engineers at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only). Manual addenda Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-3 Inspection The SourceMeter was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing carton for possible future shipment.
1-4 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Model 8503 DIN to BNC trigger cable — Lets you connect Trigger Link lines one (Voltmeter Complete) and two (External Trigger) of the SourceMeter to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors. The Model 8503 is 1m long. Model 8505 trigger link cable — The Model 8505 is a male to dual-female trigger link cable. Rack mount kits Model 4288-1 single fixed rack mount kit — Mounts a single SourceMeter in a standard 19-inch rack.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-5 Product overview The SourceMeter combines a precise, low-noise, highly stable DC power supply with a low-noise, highly repeatable, high-impedance multimeter. It has 0.012% basic accuracy with 5H-digit resolution. At 5Hdigits, the SourceMeter delivers 520 readings/second over the IEEE-488 bus. At 4Hdigits, it can read up to 2000 readings/second into its internal buffer. See Appendix A for specifications.
1-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Front and rear panel familiarization NOTE The SourceMeter models covered in this manual are very similar in appearance. Therefore, to avoid redundancy, a generic Model 2400 is used for illustration purposes. Front panel summary The front panel of the SourceMeter is shown in Figure 1-1. The following abbreviated information should be reviewed before operating the instrument.
00 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SWEEP left/right arrows DIGITS SPEED STORE RECALL CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER Getting Started 1-7 Start configured sweep. Move through parameter values or selections within functions and operations. Change number of digits of display resolution. Change measurement speed by selecting accuracy or specifying NPLC. Set buffer size and enable reading storage. Display stored readings and timestamp. Press CONFIG and then appropriate key to configure function or operation.
1-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Figure 1-2 SourceMeter rear panel WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS, SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. 5V PK HI 250V PEAK 250V PEAK 5V PEAK MADE IN U.S.A. V, Ω, GUARD C 5V PEAK LINE FUSE SLOWBLOW UL US LISTED SourceMeter 4ZA4 2.5A, 250V LINE RATING GUARD SENSE 100-240VAC 50, 60, Hz 190VA MAX.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-9 Power-up During the power-up, voltage spikes may appear on the terminals of the SourceMeter. These voltage spikes could be at hazardous levels (42.4V peak) and could damage sensitive DUTs. Never touch external circuitry or the test leads when powering up the SourceMeter. It is good practice to always disconnect DUTs from the SourceMeter before powering up the unit.
1-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started The power cord supplied with the SourceMeter contains a separate ground for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock. 3. Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on (1) position.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-11 Line frequency setting At the factory, the SourceMeter is configured to sense the power line frequency and automatically select the frequency setting. If, however, the line power source is noisy, the SourceMeter may select the wrong setting on power-up. If this situation occurs, noisy measurement readings will result, and accuracy may be affected.
1-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Cooling fan The Models 2410, 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 use a cooling fan to help keep them from overheating. The Models 2400 and 2401 do not have a cooling fan. In either case (fan or no fan), proper ventilation must be maintained to prevent overheating. Refer to the “WARNING - CAUTION” located at the beginning of Section 3 for details on maintaining proper ventilation.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-13 Display Display format The SourceMeter display is used primarily to program source and compliance values and display measured readings. Annunciators, which are located along the top of the reading/message display, indicate various states of operation, as covered previously in “Front panel summary.” On power-up, the top (primary) display is used for measurements when the output is on (with the output off, “OFF” is displayed).
1-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started With the voltage (V) or current (I) measurement function selected, the TOGGLE key lets you display both the current and voltage measurements at the same time. It also allows you to toggle display positions of the source and measure readings. With the ohms (Ω) measurement function selected, the ohms measurement is always displayed on the top display.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-15 Default settings By using appropriate menu selections, you can save and recall various instrument setups, define the power-on configuration, or restore factory defaults as outlined below. Saving and restoring user setups You can save and restore up to five of your own user setups as covered below. This feature provides a convenient way to save specific instrument configurations and then recall them as needed.
1-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 5. If you chose to use a user setup as the power-on configuration, select the user setup number, then press ENTER. Factory default settings As summarized in Table 1-2, there are two sets of factory defaults, BENCH (front panel) and GPIB (remote). You can restore either of these default conditions as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the MENU key, select SAVESETUP, then press ENTER. From the SAVESETUP menu, select GLOBAL, then press ENTER.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Table 1-2 (cont.
1-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Table 1-2 (cont.) Factory default settings Voltage protection Triggered source: Control Scale factor Triggering: Arm layer: Event Count Output trigger Trigger layer: Event Count Output triggers Delay NONE Disabled +1.0 Immediate 1 Line #2, Off Immediate 1 Line #2, All off 0.0 sec * Model 2410 default off state is guard. ** For instruments with contact check option (denoted by a -C in model number).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-19 Menus The following paragraphs discuss the main menu, configuration menus, and rules to navigate menus. Main menu Use the MENU key to access the Main Menu to select, configure, and/or perform various instrument operations. The overall Main Menu structure is summarized in Table 1-3. Use the “Rules to navigate menus” to check and/or change Main Menu options.
1-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Table 1-3 Main menu Menu item1 SAVESETUP GLOBAL SAVE RESTORE POWERON BENCH GPIB USER SETUP NUMBER RESET SOURCE MEMORY SAVE RESTORE COMMUNICATION2 GPIB RS-232 BAUD Description Configure setup conditions. Control instrument settings. Save present SourceMeter setup to memory location. Return the SourceMeter to setup saved in memory. Select the power-on default setup. Powers-on to BENCH defaults. Powers-on to GPIB defaults. Powers-on to user setup.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-21 Table 1-3 (cont.) Main menu Menu item1 Description A/D CTRL AUTO ZERO5 DISABLE ENABLE ONCE LINE FREQ NPLC CACHE DISABLE ENABLE REFRESH RESET Control auto-zero, line frequency, NPLC caching. Control auto zero. Disable auto zero. Enable auto zero. Force auto zero immediate update. Set line frequency. Control NPLC caching. Disable NPLC caching. Enable NPLC caching. Update all NPLC values in cache immediately. Clear NPLC cache of all NPLC values.
1-22 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started Rules to navigate menus Many source-measure functions and operations are configured from the front panel menus. Use the following rules to navigate through these configuration menus: NOTE • • • • Complete rules to edit source and compliance values are found in the Basic source-measure procedure in Section 3. See “Editing source and compliance values” below for an overview.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-23 Editing source and compliance values Use the following keys to edit source and compliance values: • • • • • • EDIT — selects the source or compliance display field for editing. A blinking cursor will appear in the field to be edited. If no key is pressed within a few seconds, the edit mode will be cancelled automatically. EDIT arrow keys — places the display cursor on the display digit to be changed.
Disabling front panel display Front panel display circuitry can be disabled to allow the instrument to operate at a higher speed. While disabled, the display is frozen with the following message: FRONT PANEL DISABLED Press LOCAL to resume. As reported by the message, all front panel controls (except LOCAL, TRIG, and OUTPUT ON/OFF) are disabled.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual • • • • • SOURCE V, SOURCE I, and RANGE: REL, FILTER, and LIMIT: TRIG: SWEEP, DIGITS, SPEED, and STORE: ON/OFF OUTPUT and Display (EDIT or TOGGLE): Getting Started 1-25
2 Connections • Connection overview — Discusses front/rear terminal selection and using output enable. • Connections to DUT — Covers various methods for making connections to the DUT, including 4-wire remote sensing, 2-wire local sensing, cable and ohms guard, as well as sense and guard selections.
2-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections Connection overview WARNING To prevent electric shock, test connections must be configured such that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any DUT that is in contact with the conductors. Safe installation requires proper shields, barriers, and grounding to prevent contact with conductors. Operator protection and safety are the responsibility of the person installing the product.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections 2-3 Remote command terminals selection Use the :ROUTe:TERMinals (Section 18) command to select the front or rear panel terminals via remote. Test fixture output enable A test fixture switch can be used with the SourceMeter to help protect the DUT. The SourceMeter output will turn off when the lid of the test fixture is opened. However, you must ALWAYS assume that power is present until you verify that the SourceMeter output is off.
2-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections WARNING To prevent electric shock and/or damage to the SourceMeter, common mode voltage must be externally limited as follows: Models 2400, 2400-LV, 2401, and 2410 — Limit common mode voltage to 250VDC, 1.05A maximum Models 2420 and 2425 — Limit common mode voltage to 250VDC, 3.15A maximum Model 2430 — Limit common mode voltage to 250VDC, 10.5A (pulse) Model 2440 — Limit common mode voltage to 40VDC, 5.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual NOTE Connections 2-5 To avoid redundancy, generic SourceMeter drawings will be used in this section. A generic drawing excludes the labeling for the terminal voltage differentials. Sensing methods Basic source-measure operations are performed using either 2-wire local sense connections (Figure 2-2) or 4-wire remote sense connections (Figure 2-3). The factory default sense selection is local.
2-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections Figure 2-2 Two-wire connections (local sense) 4-WIRE SENSE INPUT/ OUTPUT HI DUT LO TERMINALS ON/OFF FRONT/ REAR OUTPUT SourceMeter Front Panel Sense Selection: 2-wire Figure 2-3 Four-wire connections (remote sense) 4-WIRE SENSE INPUT/ OUTPUT HI DUT LO TERMINALS ON/OFF FRONT/ REAR OUTPUT SourceMeter Front Panel NOTE Sense Selection: 4-wire Connections alone do not determine sense mode.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections 2-7 sensing must be selected. The 2-wire sense mode is the BENCH and GPIB default. See “Sense selection,” page 2-12, for details. 4-wire remote sensing When sourcing and/or measuring voltage, there can be errors associated with IR drops in the test leads. Voltage source and measure accuracy are optimized by using 4-wire remote sense connections. When sourcing voltage, 4-wire remote sensing ensures that the programmed voltage is delivered to the DUT.
2-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections Guarding methods Cable guard Use the high-impedance (cable) guard connection scheme shown in Figure 2-4 for the following source-measure condition: • Test circuit impedance is >1GΩ. Note that cable guard must be selected for this connection scheme. See “Guard selection,” page 2-13, to select cable guard. A test fixture is typically used when testing high-impedance devices.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections 2-9 Figure 2-4 High-impedance guarding (cable guard) Guard Shield Test Fixture DUT Connect to earth safety ground using #18 AWG wire or larger.
2-10 Connections 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Figure 2-5 shows how to make connections to measure the resistance of a single resistor (DUT) in a resistor network. See Section 6, “Guard,” for more information on guarded ohms measurements. The basic connection scheme for guarded ohms measurements is shown in Figure 2-5A.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections Figure 2-5 Guarded ohms measurements (ohms guard) Resistor Network Resistor Network IG IG RG ≥1kΩ RG <1kΩ WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICA WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICA HI HI V, Ω GUARD V, Ω GUARD GUARD SENSE GUARD SENSE LO 4-WIRE SENSE ! LO INPUT/ OUTPUT 4-WIRE SENSE IEEE-488 ! INPUT/ OUTPUT IEEE-488 (ENTER IEEE ADDRESS WITH FRONT PANEL MENU) (ENTER IEEE ADDRESS WITH FRONT PANEL MENU) RS232 RS232 CAUTION: FOR CONTIN
2-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections Sense and guard selections NOTE When sense or guard settings are changed, the OUTPUT will turn OFF. Sense selection When using the SENSE HI and LO terminals of the SourceMeter, 4-wire remote sensing must be selected. When not using these terminals, local sensing must be selected. Sense selection is explained as follows. See Section 3, “Operation overview,” for details on sense.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Connections 2-13 Guard selection Cable guard is used for high-impedance guarding for cables (i.e., coax and triax) and test fixtures. Ohms guard provides a high-current guard output, which allows in-circuit guarded ohms measurements. On power-up, cable guard is selected. NOTE For 6-wire ohms measurements, use the guard output off mode.
3 Basic Source-Measure Operation • Operation overview — Discusses source-measure capabilities, compliance limit, and fundamental source-measure configuration. • Operation considerations — Covers warm-up, auto zero, V-source protection, and source delay.
3-2 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual WARNING - CAUTION The SourceMeter uses a heat sink to dissipate heat. Also, the Models 2410, 2420, 2430, and 2440 have a cooling fan. The left side of the case is cut out to expose the black, finned heat sink. This heat sink gets hot and could be hot enough to cause burns. Even if the instrument is turned off, you should assume that the heat sink is still hot as it takes considerable time for it to cool off.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual • Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-3 A good measure to ensure proper cooling in rack situations with convection cooling only is to place the hottest equipment (i.e., power supply) at the top of the rack. Precision equipment, such as the SourceMeter, should be placed as low as possible in the rack where temperatures are the coolest. Adding spacer panels below the SourceMeter will help ensure adequate air flow.
3-4 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Operation overview Source-measure capabilities From the front panel, the SourceMeter can be configured to perform the following operations: • • • • Source voltage — Display current and/or voltage measurement Source current — Display voltage and/or current measurement Measure resistance — Display voltage or current component of measurement Measure only (V or I) — Display voltage or current measurement Voltage and Current — Table 3
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation Table 3-1 Source-measure capabilities 2400/2400-LV/2401 Range Source 200mV 2V 20V 200V* ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±210V 1µA 10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA 100mA 1A ±1.05µA ±10.5µA ±105µA ±1.05mA ±10.5mA ±105mA ±1.05A Measure 2410 Range Source ±211mV ±2.11V ±21.1V ±211V 200mV 2V 20V 1000V ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±1.1kV ±211mV ±2.11V ±21.1V ±1.1kV ±1.055µA ±10.55µA ±105.5µA ±1.055mA ±10.55mA ±105.5mA ±1.055A 1µA 10µA 100µA 1mA 20mA 100mA 1A ±1.
3-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation Table 3-1 (cont.) Source-measure capabilities 2440 Range Source Measure 200mV 2V 10V 40V ±210mV ±2.1V ±10.5V ±42V ±211mV ±2.11V ±10.5V ±42V 10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA 100mA 1A 5A ±10.5µA ±105µA ±1.05mA ±10.5mA ±105mA ±1.05A ±5.25A ±10.55µA ±105.5µA ±1.055mA ±10.55mA ±105.5mA ±1.055A ±5.25A Max Power = 66W * ±3.15A (DC mode; 2425 and 2430) ±10.5A (Pulse mode; 2430 only) ** ±3.165A (DC mode; 2425 and 2430) ±10.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-7 Table 3-2 Compliance limits 2400/2400-LV/2401 Measure range Maximum compliance value 2410 Measure range Maximum compliance value 2420 Measure range Maximum compliance value 200mV 2V 20V 200V* ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±210V 200mV 2V 20V 1000V ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±1.1kV 200mV 2V 20V 60V ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±63V 1µA 10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA 100mA 1A ±1.05µA ±10.5µA ±105µA ±1.05mA ±10.5mA ±105mA ±1.
3-8 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Setting the compliance limit Front panel compliance limit Set the compliance limit from the front panel as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select the desired source and measure functions using the MEAS and SOURCE keys. Press the EDIT key until the cursor flashes in the compliance (Compl:) display field. Select the desired compliance range using the RANGE arrow keys.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-9 Basic circuit configurations The fundamental source-measure configurations for the SourceMeter are shown in Figure 3-1. When sourcing voltage, you can measure current or voltage (configuration A). When sourcing current, you can measure voltage or current (configuration B). See Section 6, “Basic circuit configurations,” for more detailed information on these circuit configurations.
3-10 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Operation considerations The following paragraphs discuss warm-up period, auto zero, V-source protection, and source delay. Warm-up The SourceMeter must be turned on and allowed to warm up for at least one hour to achieve rated accuracies See Appendix A for specifications. Auto zero Every A/D conversion (reading) is calculated from a series of zero, reference, and signal measurements.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-11 NPLC caching NPLC caching speeds up source memory sweeps by caching A/D reference and zero values. When NPLC caching is enabled (using the NPLC-CACHE/ENABLE menu selection), the A/D reference and zero values will be saved for up to the 10 most recent voltage, current, and resistance measurement functions settings.
3-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation V-source protection Use V-source protection to select the maximum voltage level the SourceMeter can output.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-13 Source delay NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, source delay is not used. The following information assumes that the Model 2430 is in the DC Mode of operation (“Vpls” or “Ipls” displayed). To select the DC Mode, press CONFIG and then SOURCE V or I, select SHAPE from the available menu items, and then select DC. The source delay options are used to set the settling time for the source.
3-14 Basic Source-Measure Operation 4. 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Press EXIT to return to normal display. Remote command source delay Use the :SOURce:DELay or :SOURce:DELay:AUTO commands to program the source delay via remote. (See Section 18, “Set delay,” for details.) For example, the following command sets the source delay to 500ms: :SOUR:DEL .
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-15 Basic source-measure procedure Front panel source-measure procedure Use the following procedure to perform the basic source-measure operations of the SourceMeter. See Section 4, “Ohms Measurements,” to measure ohms. NOTE For the Model 2430, the following procedure pertains to the DC Mode of operation. Pulse Mode operation is covered in Section 5.
3-16 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual is performed within six seconds, the edit mode times out and is cancelled. To return to the edit mode, press EDIT again. While in the edit mode, the EDIT key toggles between the source value and the compliance value. The SOURCE and EDIT arrow keys also enable the edit mode. They choose the last selected field.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 4. 5. NOTE Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-17 have to be on the polarity sign of the value to change polarity. If the MENU key is pressed, the Source Value will be clear to 0V or 0A. To edit the other field, press EDIT to select it, and repeat steps 1 and 2. When finished editing the source and compliance values, press ENTER or wait six seconds to exit from the edit mode.
3-18 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote command source-measure procedure Basic source-measurement procedures can also be performed via remote by sending appropriate commands in the right sequence. The following paragraphs summarize the basic commands and give a simple programming example. Basic source-measure commands Table 3-5 summarizes basic source-measure commands. See Section 18 for more information on using these commands.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-19 Source-measure programming example Table 3-6 summarizes the command sequence for a basic source-measure procedure. Note that the steps correspond to those listed previously in “Front panel source-measure procedure.
3-20 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Measure only Front panel measure only In addition to being used for conventional source-measure operations, the SourceMeter can also be used to measure only voltage or current. Perform the following steps to use the SourceMeter to measure voltage or current: 1. Select source-measure functions. Measure voltage only (voltmeter) — Press SOURCE I to select the ISource, and press MEAS V to select the voltage measurement function.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-21 Remote command measure only Table 3-7 summarizes the basic command sequence for measure only. The steps outlined correspond to those in the “Front panel measure only” sequence above.
3-22 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sink operation When operating as a sink (V and I have opposite polarity), the SourceMeter is dissipating power rather than sourcing it. An external source (i.e., battery) or an energy storage device (i.e., capacitor) can force operation into the sink region.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Basic Source-Measure Operation 3-23 Do not attempt to charge or discharge batteries exceeding the current or voltage requirements listed below: Model 2400, 2400-C: 21V @ 1.05A or 210V @ 105mA Model 2400-LV, 2401: 21V @ 1.05A Model 2410, 2410-C: 21V @ 1.05A or 1100V @ 21mA Model 2420, 2420-C: 21V @ 3.15A or 63V @ 1.05A Model 2425, 2425-C: 21V @ 3.15A or 105V @ 1.05A Model 2430, 2430-C: 105V @ 1.05A or 105V @ 10.5A (pulse mode) Model 2440, 2440-C: 10.5V @ 5.
3-24 Basic Source-Measure Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual condition keeps the external battery from discharging while the output is off. CAUTION If using the I-Source to charge and/or discharge batteries, the following precautions must be observed. Failure to observe these precautions could result in damage to the SourceMeter that is not covered by the warranty. Make sure the external voltage NEVER exceeds the voltage compliance setting of the I-Source.
4 Ohms Measurements • Ohms configuration menu — Outlines the ohms configuration menu that allows you to set up various ohms measurement aspects. • Ohms measurement methods — Discusses auto and manual ohms measurement methods and how to select them. • Ohms sensing — Covers 2-wire and 4-wire ohms sensing. • Offset-compensated ohms — Describes offset-compensated ohms, which can be used to overcome the effects of offsets when making lowresistance measurements.
4-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements Ohms configuration menu NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, offset-compensated ohms cannot be enabled from the ohms configuration menu. However, offset-compensated ohms is available as a math function (Section 8, “Math operations”). To access the ohms configuration menu, press CONFIG then OHMS. Use Section 1, “Rules to navigate menus,” to select the various items in the menu tree, which is shown in Figure 4-1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements 4-3 Ohms measurement methods NOTE For the Model 2430, the following ohms measurement procedures assume that the DC Mode of operation is selected (“Vsrc” or “Isrc” displayed in the source field). If in the Pulse Mode (“Vpls” or “Ipls” displayed), you can select the DC Mode by pressing CONFIG V or I, selecting the SHAPE menu item, and then selecting DC. Pulse Mode operation is covered in Section 5.
4-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements Table 4-1 Auto ohms default test currents Auto ohms range 2400, 2400-LV, 2401, and 2410 default test current 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 default test current 2Ω 20Ω 200Ω 2kΩ 20kΩ 200kΩ 2MΩ 20MΩ 200MΩ 100mA 10mA 1mA 100μA 10μA 1μA 1μA 100nA 1A 100mA 10mA 1mA 100μA 10μA 10μA 1μA - Selecting ohms measurement method On power-up, auto ohms is the default method for the ohms function.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual WARNING 1. 2. NOTE 3. 4. Ohms Measurements 4-5 To prevent electric shock, do not make or break connections to the SourceMeter with the output on. If on, press the ON/OFF OUTPUT key to turn the output off. Select ohms measurement function by pressing MEAS Ω. Select the ohms measurement method (AUTO or MANUAL). Use the manual ohms mode and the V-source method when high-speed settling is required. For manual ohms, configure source.
4-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements Ohms sensing Ohms measurements can be made using either 2-wire or 4-wire sensing. (See Section 2 for information on connections and sensing methods.) Note that resistance measurement accuracy specifications are based on using 4-wire sensing. The 2-wire sensing method has the advantage of requiring only two test leads.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements Figure 4-3 4-wire resistance sensing SourceMeter RLEAD 4-wire Sense HI I VM VM 4-wire Sense LO Input/Output LO Test Current (I) RLEAD Input/Output HI Sense Current (pA) Lead Resistances VR RS Resistance Under Test RLEAD RLEAD I = Current sourced by SourceMeter VM = Voltage measured by SourceMeter VR = Voltage across resistor Because sense current is negligible, VM = VR VM V = R I I and measured resistance = Sense selection To selec
4-8 Ohms Measurements 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Offset-compensated ohms NOTE For the Model 2430, the following offset-compensated ohms method is not valid in the Pulse Mode. However, offset compensated ohms is available as a math function (Section 8, “Math operations”). The presence of thermal EMFs (VEMF) can adversely affect low-resistance measurement accuracy. To overcome these unwanted offset voltages, use the offsetcompensated ohms measurement method.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements 4-9 Ohms accuracy calculations Example accuracy calculations for various combinations of source readback, offset compensation, and normal/enhanced mode are shown below. See Appendix A for detailed specifications. Ohms accuracy of 100mΩ @ 5mA source current, normal mode Source readback OFF, Offset Compensation OFF Ohms accuracy = Isource accuracy + Vmeas accuracy: I source accuracy = (5mA) (0.045%) + 2μA 2.25μA + 2μA = 4.25μA 4.25μA / 5mA = 0.
4-10 Ohms Measurements 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms accuracy of 100mΩ @ 5mA source current, enhanced mode Source Readback ON, Offset Compensation ON Ohms accuracy = [Imeas % Rdg accuracy + Vmeas % Rdg accuracy] + System noise* Imeasure accuracy = (5mA)(0.035%) 1.75μA Measured system noise: 00.0000mA 1.75μA+ 00.0000mA = 1.75μA 1.75μA / 5mA = 0.035% Vmeasure gain accuracy for (100mΩ) (5mA) = 500μV (500μV) (0.012%) =60nV Measured system noise: 000.002mV 60nV + 2μV = 2.06μV 2.06μV / 500μV = 0.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements 4-11 Ohms source readback NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, ohms source readback cannot be enabled. With ohms source readback enabled, the instrument measures the actual source value instead of the programmed value used for ohms measurements and then uses that measured value for reading calculations.
4-12 Ohms Measurements 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 6-wire ohms measurements The 6-wire ohms measurement configuration allows you to make accurate resistance measurements on resistor networks and hybrid devices in cases where internal resistance connection nodes are not accessible. The combination of 4wire Kelvin connections and guarded ohms features eliminates the effects of internal parallel resistances that could degrade measurement accuracy and reduce measurement speed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements 4-13 Remote ohms programming The following paragraphs summarize those basic commands necessary for remote ohms programming and also give a programming example for a typical ohms measurement situation. Remote ohms commands Table 4-2 summarizes the remote commands for making basic ohms measurements. See Section 18 for more details on these commands.
4-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Ohms Measurements Ohms programming example Table 4-3 summarizes the command sequence for a typical auto ohms measurement.
5 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) • Overview — Provides a summary of Pulse Mode operation. • Pulse characteristics — Describes the timing characteristics that make up the pulse width and output off-time of the pulse period. Explains how to achieve the fastest pulse output. • Pulse energy limitations (10A range) — Covers pulse energy consumption limitations for the 10A (source or measure) range.
5-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) Overview NOTE The Pulse Mode is only available for the Model 2430. The documentation in this section does not apply to the Models 2400, 2400-LV, 2401, 2410, 2420, 2425, and 2440. While in the Pulse Mode, the Model 2430 can output one or more pulses. A pulse is formed by turning the output on for a period of time, and then turning the output off (0V or 0A). A single pulse period is shown in Figure 5-1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-3 Pulse characteristics NOTE For the purpose of discussion, positive polarity pulses are shown in the following illustrations. Keep in mind that the Model 2430 can output negative pulses. As shown in Figure 5-1, a pulse period consists of an output on-time (pulse width) and an output off-time. Depending on how the SourceMeter is configured, the pulse width can be as short as 150µsec or as long as 5msec.
5-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) Table 5-1 SourceMeter pulse mode timing summary Minimum Pulse Width (msec) Maximum Pulse Width (msec) Minimum Output Off Time (msec) W/ Display Disabled (msec) Default source-measure cycle with auto zero on, current range <10A. 0.15 5.0 5.0 4.0 Source-Measure cycle with auto zero off, current range <10A. 0.15 5.0 2.9 1.9 Source only, current range <10A. 0.15 5.0 2.9 1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-5 The maximum pulse width for the 10A range (source or measure) is 2.5msec. If the setting is >2.5msec, the SourceMeter will limit the pulse width to 2.5msec. Signal measurement A pulse reading consists of three measurement conversions. The signal (pulse) is measured, a precise internal reference is measured, and finally, zero (common) is measured. The reading is calculated from these measurements.
5-6 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Width Delay = 1msec - 167µsec - 80µsec = 753µsec NOTE If the result of the pulse width delay calculation is a negative number, pulse width delay is set to 0sec. A negative number indicates that the pulse width setting is too short (not achievable).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-7 Duty Cycle = 1msec / (1msec + 9msec) = 1msec / 10msec = 0.10 = 10% Based on the possible output on/off times that can be configured, the pulse duty cycle can range from <1% to 83.5%. NOTE Pulse Duty Cycle on the 10A range should be limited to 8% for consistent pulses. Please see “Pulse energy limitations (10A range),” page 5-9.
5-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) NOTE With auto zero disabled, zero drift will eventually corrupt the accuracy of the pulse measurement. To re-establish an accurate pulse measurement, enable auto zero or change the speed setting. NOTE From the front panel, auto zero is controlled from the A/D CONTROLS item of the Main Menu. For remote operation, the :SYSTem:AZERo command controls auto zero.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-9 Jitter for pulse off-time can be as high as 1msec, depending on the integration rate, auto zero, and on-time. In general, the higher the off-time, the higher the jitter. Pulse energy limitations (10A range) Energy for pulses are provided by an internal bank of capacitors. Each pulse consumes energy from the capacitors. After a pulse is generated, the capacitors begin to recharge.
5-10 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode configuration Front panel Pulse Mode configuration Select Pulse Mode, and set pulse width and pulse delay 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Press CONFIG then SOURCE V or I. Select SHAPE from the displayed choices, then press ENTER. Select PULSE from the displayed choices, then press ENTER. Selecting the Pulse Mode enables the pulse width and pulse delay items of the menu.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 4. 5. 6. Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-11 For continuous pulse output, select INFINITE, press ENTER and proceed to step 6. Otherwise, select FINITE, press ENTER and proceed to the next step to set the arm count. Enter the desired arm count value and press ENTER. Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu. Perform the following steps to set the trigger count: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press CONFIG and then TRIG to display the trigger configuration menu.
5-12 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse-measure considerations Measurement speed Measurement speed for the Pulse Mode can be set from 0.004 to 0.100 PLC. If the speed setting while in the DC Mode is >0.10 PLC, it will change to 0.004 when the Pulse Mode is selected. If the speed setting is <0.10 PLC, that setting will be retained when the Pulse Mode is selected. If the Pulse Mode speed setting is <0.01, it will change to 0.01 when the DC Mode is selected.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-13 measured value for the reading calculation. For the Pulse Mode, ohms source readback cannot be enabled. Section 4 covers “Ohms source readback.” NOTE Make sure that the source is not in compliance when taking pulse-ohms readings. Toggle key For the DC Mode, the TOGGLE key manipulates display readings while the output is on. For the Pulse Mode, the output is only on for very short periods of time (pulse width).
5-14 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Trigger delay In the DC Mode, the trigger delay is a user set delay that occurs between the trigger and pulse operations. In the Pulse Mode, trigger delay is not used. You can set the trigger delay while in the Pulse Mode, but it will not be used until you go back into the DC Mode. See Section 11 for details on triggering. For remote operation, the delay set by :TRIGger:DELay is ignored in the Pulse Mode.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only) 5-15 Output-off state In the Pulse Mode, the normal output-off is used. You cannot select one of the other modes while in Pulse Mode. For remote operation, the :OUTPut[1]:SMODe command (which is used to select the output-off state), causes error +831: Invalid in Pulse Mode. See Section 13, “Output-off states,” for details.
6 Source-Measure Concepts • Compliance limit — Discusses compliance limit including real and range compliances, maximum compliance values, and how to determine compliance limit. • Overheating protection — Provides information on preventing SourceMeter overheating, including power equations. • Source-delay-measure cycle — Describes the various phases of the source-delay-measure cycle as well as sweep waveforms.
6-2 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Compliance limit When sourcing voltage, the SourceMeter can be set to limit current. Conversely, when sourcing current, the SourceMeter can be set to limit voltage. The SourceMeter output will not exceed the compliance limit. 2400/2400-LV/2401 — Current limit can be set from 1nA to 1.05A, and the voltage limit can be set from 200µV to 210V (21V for 2400-LV and 2401). 2410 — Current limit can be set from 1nA to 1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-3 When in range compliance, the source output clamps at the maximum compliance value for the fixed measurement range (not the compliance value). For example, if compliance is set to 1V and the measurement range is 200mV, output voltage will clamp at 210mV. In this situation, the units in the compliance display field will flash. For example, with the following display: Vcmpl: 10mA, the “mA” units indication will flash.
6-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Table 6-1 (cont.) Compliance limits 2425/2430 Measure range Maximum compliance value 2440 Measure range Maximum compliance value 200mV 2V 20V 100V ±210mV ±2.1V ±21V ±105V 200mV 2V 10V 40V ±210mV ±2.1V ±10.5V ±42V 10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA 100mA 1A 3A/10A ±10.5µA ±105µA ±1.05mA ±10.5mA ±105mA ±1.05A ** 10µA 100µA 1mA 10mA 100mA 1A 5A ±10.5µA ±105µA ±1.05mA ±10.5mA ±105mA ±1.05A ±5.25A * 2400 only ** ±3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-5 measure range = real compliance). On the 20V and 200mV measurement ranges, compliance is 21V and 210mV, respectively (measure range < compliance setting = range compliance). The same rules apply for the next three entries for current compliance. Table 6-2 Compliance examples Compliance setting Display message Setting Measurement range Display message Actual compliance Range Value Type Cmpl: 0.15000kV Cmpl: 0.15000kV Cmpl: 0.
6-6 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Overheating protection Proper ventilation is required to keep the SourceMeter from overheating. See “WARNING - CAUTION” located at the beginning of Section 3 for details on maintaining proper ventilation. The SourceMeter has an over-temperature protection circuit that will turn the output off in the event that the SourceMeter overheats. If the output trips due to overheating, a message indicating this condition will be displayed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-7 Source-delay-measure cycle In addition to static source and/or measure operation, SourceMeter operation can consist of a series of source-delay-measure (SDM) cycles (Figure 6-1). During each SDM cycle, the following occurs: 1. 2. 3. Set the source output level. Wait for the source delay. Make the measurement. NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, source delay is not used. The delays used for Pulse Mode are covered in Section 5.
6-8 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual The measure time depends on the selected measurement speed. For example, if speed is set at 0.01 PLC (power line cycles), the measure time would be 167µsec for 60Hz operation (0.01/60).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-9 Sweep waveforms There are four basic sweep types to select from: linear staircase, logarithmic staircase, custom, and source memory. Three of the sweeps are shown in Figure 6-2. Figure 6-2 Three basic sweep waveform types Stop 4 3 2 Start 1 Bias A. Linear Staircase Sweep Stop 100 10 1 Start Logarithmic scale shown for staircase steps. 0.1 Bias B. Logarithmic Staircase Sweep First Point Bias C.
6-10 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Operating boundaries Source or sink Depending on how it is programmed and what is connected to the output (load or source), the SourceMeter can operate in any of the four quadrants. The four quadrants of operation for the SourceMeter models are shown in Figure 6-3 through Figure 6-7. When operating in the first (I) or third (III) quadrant, the SourceMeter is operating as a source (V and I have the same polarity).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-11 If the output duty cycle is decreased to 60% or less, sink operation limits are restored to normal as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 6-3. Model 2410 and 2420 SourceMeter The general operating boundaries for the Model 2410 and Model 2420 are shown in Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5.
6-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-4 Model 2410 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) +I 1A 600mA 20mA (I) Source (IV) Sink +V –V -1kV (III) Source -20mA -600mA -1A = 100% Duty Cycle ≤ 60% Duty Cycle 1kV 20V -20V –I (II) Sink
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-13 Figure 6-5 Model 2420 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) +I 3A 2A (IV) Sink (I) Source 1A 0.7A +V –V -60V -20V (III) Source 60V 20V -0.7A -1A -2A (II) Sink -3A –I = 100% Duty Cycle ≤ 60% Duty Cycle Models 2425 and 2430 SourceMeters The general operating boundaries for the Models 2425 and 2430 are shown in Figure 6-6.
6-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-6 Model 2425/2430 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) +I 3A 2A (IV) Sink (I) Source 1A 0.5A +V –V -100V -20V 100V -0.5A 20V -1A (III) Source (II) Sink -2A -3A = 100% Duty Cycle –I A. Model 2425 and Model 2430 DC Mode = ≤ 60% Duty Cycle +I 10A 6A (I) Source (IV) Sink -V +V -100V 100V (III) Source -6A (II) Sink -10A B.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-15 Model 2440 SourceMeter The general operating boundaries for the Model 2440 are shown in Figure 6-7. Figure 6-7 Model 2440 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) +I 5A 2.5A (IV) Sink (I) Source 1A 0.7A +V –V -40V -10V (III) Source 40V 10V -0.7A -1A -2.5A (II) Sink -5A –I = 100% Duty Cycle ≤ 60% Duty Cycle I-Source operating boundaries Figure 6-8 and Figure 6-9 show the operating boundaries for the I-Source.
6-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-8 I-Source output characteristics Limit V Limit V 210V 1100V 21V (2400-LV) 21V 105mA Source I 1.05A 21mA A. Model 2400/2400-LV Source I 1.05A B. Model 2410 Limit V Limit V Model 2430 Pulse Mode 63V 105V 21V 21V DC Mode 1.05A Source I 1.05A 3.15A 10.5A Source I 3.15A D. Models 2425 and 2430 C. Model 2420 Limit V 42V 10.5V 1.05A Source I 5.25A E.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-17 Figure 6-9 shows the limit lines for the I-Source. The current source limit line represents the maximum source value possible for the presently selected current source range. For example, if on the 100mA current source range, the current source limit line is at 105mA. The voltage compliance limit line represents the actual compliance that is in effect. Remember that compliance can be real or range (see “Compliance limit,” page 6-2).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts decreases. At zero resistance (shorted output), the SourceMeter will source 100mA at virtually 0V. Regardless of the load, voltage will never exceed the programmed compliance of 40V. Figure 6-10 I-Source operating examples Voltage Limit Load Line 40V V-Meter (VM) Operating Point 20V ine L oad (R) Current Source Load Line TL U ΩD 200 I-Source (IS) 100mA VM = IS · R = (100mA) (200Ω) = 20V A.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-19 V-Source operating boundaries Figure 6-11 and Figure 6-12 show the operating boundaries for the V-Source. Only the first quadrant of operation is covered. Operation in the other three quadrants is similar. Figure 6-11 V-Source output characteristics Limit I Limit I 1.05A 1.05A 105mA 21mA Source V 21V Source V 210V 21V A. Model 2400 1100V B. Model 2410 Limit I Limit I 3.15A 10.5A 1.05A 3.15A Model 2430 Pulse Mode 1.
6-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-12 shows the limit lines for the V-Source. The voltage source limit line represents the maximum source value possible for the presently selected voltage source range. For example, if on the 20V source range, the voltage source limit line is at 21V. The current compliance limit line represents the actual compliance in effect. Remember that compliance can be real or range. (See “Compliance limit,” page 6-2.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts ally 0V at 50mA. Regardless of the load, current will never exceed the programmed compliance of 50mA. Figure 6-13 V-Source operating examples Current Limit Load Line 50mA I-Meter (IM) Operating Point 25mA ) e (R in dL oa TL U ΩD Voltage Source Load Line 2k 50V V-Source (VS) IM = VS / R = 50V/2kΩ = 25mA A.
6-22 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source I measure I and source V measure V The SourceMeter can measure the function it is sourcing. When sourcing a voltage, you can measure voltage. Conversely, if you are sourcing current, you can measure the output current. For these measure source operations, the measure range is the same as the source range. This feature is valuable when operating with the source in compliance.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-23 Basic circuit configurations Source I When configured to source current (I-Source) as shown in Figure 6-14, the SourceMeter functions as a high-impedance current source with voltage limit capability and can measure current (I-Meter) or voltage (V-Meter). For voltage measurements, the sense selection (2-wire local or 4-wire remote) determines where the measurement is made.
6-24 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-14 Source I + x1 – GUARD GUARD SENSE Local I-Meter Remote I-Source IN/OUT HI SENSE HI V-Meter Remote Local SENSE LO IN/OUT LO Source V When configured to source voltage (V-Source) as shown in Figure 6-15, the SourceMeter functions as a low-impedance voltage source with current limit capability and can measure current (I-Meter) or voltage (V-Meter).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-25 Figure 6-15 Source V + x1 – GUARD GUARD SENSE Local I-Meter Remote IN/OUT HI SENSE HI V-Meter V-Source Sense Output Adjust V-Source (Feedback) Remote Local SENSE LO IN/OUT LO Measure only (V or I) Figure 6-16 shows the configurations for using the SourceMeter exclusively as a voltmeter or ammeter. As shown in Figure 6-16A, the SourceMeter is configured to measure voltage only by setting it to source 0A and measure voltage.
6-26 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-16 Measure only (V or I) IN/OUT HI I-Source (0.00000μA) ± V-Meter DUT (V-Source) IN/OUT LO A. Measure Voltage Only Positive Current I-Meter IN/OUT HI V-Source (000.000mV) DUT (I-Source) IN/OUT LO Note: Positive current flowing out of IN/OUT HI results in positive (+) measurements. B. Measure Current Only Note: Use 2-wire local sensing.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-27 Guard WARNING NOTE GUARD is at the same potential as output HI. Thus, if hazardous voltages are present at output HI, they are also present at the GUARD terminal. See Section 2, “Guarding methods,” for details on guarded test connections as well as information on selecting guard modes. For 6-wire ohms guard measurements, use the GUARD output-off state. For details on the GUARD output-off state, see Section 13, “Output-off states.
6-28 Source-Measure Concepts WARNING 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual To prevent injury or death, a safety shield must be used to prevent physical contact with a guard plate or guard shield that is at a hazardous potential (>30Vrms or 42.4V peak). This safety shield must completely enclose the guard plate or shield and must be connected to safety earth ground. Figure 6-17B shows the metal case of a test fixture being used as a safety shield.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-29 If you want to measure the resistance of a single resistor in the network, you must use the ohms guard configuration. Figure 6-18B shows how to measure the resistance of R1. Since the voltage on either side of R2 is the same, no current can flow through it. Thus, all the programmed current (IM) from the SourceMeter will flow through R1.
6-30 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-17 High-impedance measurements Insulator SourceMeter I-Meter Insulator ID IN/OUT HI RL1 V-Source IM = ID + IL DUT RL2 IL Metal Mounting Plate IM = Measured current ID = DUT current IN/OUT LO IL = Leakage current A. Unguarded SourceMeter x1 GUARD (cable mode) Insulator I-Meter ID IN/OUT HI 0V RL1 V-Source IM = ID DUT Metal Mounting Plate IN/OUT LO Note: Cable guard selected B.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-18 In-circuit ohms measurements IN/OUT SourceMeter Resistor Network HI I-Source R2 10kΩ R1 20kΩ V-Meter R3 10kΩ IN/OUT LO A. Unguarded SourceMeter x1 IN/OUT Resistor Network HI I-Source IG GUARD (Ohms mode) R2 10kΩ R1 20kΩ V-Meter IN/OUT R3 10kΩ LO Note: Ohms guard selected B.
6-32 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Guard sense When the GUARD-to-LO resistance path is less than 1kΩ, remote guard sensing should be used to compensate for IR drop in the GUARD test lead and/or switch contacts on a switching card. Figure 6-18 was modified to create Figure 6-19A by changing the value of R3 to 100Ω and showing the 1Ω resistance (RTL) of the GUARD test lead.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-19 In-circuit ohms measurements using guard sense SourceMeter GUARD (Ohms mode) Test lead resistance RTL IG 1Ω IL IN/OUT HI R2 10kΩ R1 20kΩ R3 100Ω IN/OUT LO A. Local Guard Sense SourceMeter GUARD SENSE GUARD (Ohms mode) RTL IG 1Ω IN/OUT HI IL R2 10kΩ R1 20kΩ R3 100Ω IN/OUT LO B.
Data flow Data flow for front panel operation is summarized by the block diagrams provided in Figure 6-20. Note that if REL is enabled, the result of the rel operation is sent to the other blocks. NOTE See Appendix C for remote operation data flow information. With Math (FCTN) and Limit Tests (LIMITS) disabled (see Figure 6-20A), the SourceMeter displays the measurement readings. If the data store is used, these readings are also stored in the buffer for later recall.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts Figure 6-20 Data flow front panel Measurement Conversions V, I, Ω Data Store REL Display Buffer and Statistics Readings Display Readings A. Math (FCTN) and Limit Tests Disabled Measurement Conversions Display Buffer and Statistics Readings Data Store V, I, Ω Math (FCTN) or Limit Tests Display Math or Limits Results B.
6-36 Source-Measure Concepts 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Buffer considerations When the SourceMeter is in the process of storing readings, configuration changes affect what gets stored in the buffer. These storage considerations and restrictions are summarized in Table 6-3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-Measure Concepts 6-37 Changing MATH function • • • If you started with only a basic measurement function selected, you can enable a MATH function, but only the voltage, current, or resistance component of the calculation will be stored in the buffer. The results of the MATH function will not be stored. If you started with a MATH function enabled, you can select a different MATH function. The results of the new MATH function are stored in the buffer.
7 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters • Range and digits — Discusses maximum readings, ranging limitations, manual and autoranging, and display resolution. • Speed — Discusses speed settings, which are used to control the integration period of the A/D converter. • Filters — Provides information on the two types of digital filtering that can be used to reduce reading noise.
7-2 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range and digits Range The selected measurement range affects the accuracy of the measurements as well as the maximum signal that can be measured. Note that with the output off, dashed lines are displayed (i.e., --.---- µA) to indicate that measurements are not being performed. Maximum readings The full scale input for each voltage, current, and auto ohms measurement range is defined by the selected range. For example, ±2.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 7-3 Auto ranging NOTE For the Model 2430, auto ranging cannot be performed while in the Pulse Mode. Therefore, all the following information on auto ranging is not applicable to the Model 2430 Pulse Mode. For the Source V Measure I, Source I Measure V, and Ohms configurations, press AUTO RANGE to enable auto ranging. The AUTO annunciator turns on when auto ranging is selected.
7-4 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual The soak time takes the place of the delay time only during the delay phase of the first SDM cycle after an initial sweep trigger. See Figure 11-1 for an overview of the trigger model. Selecting the auto range change mode To configure the auto range change mode, press CONFIG then AUTO. Choose SINGLE SRC MTR or MULTIPLE as desired from the AUTO RANGE TYPE menu.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 7-5 Digits The display resolution of the measured reading depends on the DIGITS setting. This setting is global, which means the digits setting selects display resolution for all measurement functions. The DIGITS setting has no effect on the remote reading format. The number of displayed digits does not affect accuracy or speed. Those parameters are controlled by the SPEED setting.
7-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Range and digits programming example Table 7-2 shows a programming example for controlling range and digits.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 7-7 Speed The Speed/Accuracy menu is used to set the integration time of the A/D converter (period of time the input signal is measured). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, and the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integration time is specified in parameters based on the number of power line cycles (NPLC), where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16.
7-8 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters NOTE 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual After setting speed, display resolution can be changed using the DIGITS key. PULSE SPEED (NPLC) – Model 2430 Pulse Mode Press SPEED or CONFIG SPEED to display the speed choices: 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 NOTE Display resolution for the Model 2430 Pulse Mode is not affected by the speed setting. Remote speed programming Speed commands Table 7-3 summarizes commands to control speed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 7-9 Filters NOTE For the Pulse Mode of the Model 2430, filtering is not used, and therefore, cannot be enabled. Pressing the FILTER key results in the “Invalid in Pulse Mode” message. Filter lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The SourceMeter uses a digital filter, which is based on reading conversions.
7-10 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Front panel filter control Configuring filter Filter type and count is configured from the CONFIGURE FILTERING menu and is structured as shown in Figure 7-2. Use Section 1, “Rules to navigate menus,” to check and/or change the filter configuration. CONFIGURE FILTERING menu Press CONFIG and then FILTER to display the menu. • • NOTE AVERAGING MODE — Use this menu item to select filter type (MOVING or REPEAT).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters 7-11 Figure 7-1 Moving average and repeating filters Conversion • • • Conversion #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 Conversion #10 #9 #8 #7 • #6 • #5 • #4 #3 #2 Conversion #1 Conversion • • • Reading #1 Conversion Reading #10 #2 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 Conversion #11 #10 #9 #8 • #7 • #6 • #5 #4 #3 Conversion #2 Conversion Reading #2 #3 #2 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1 Reading #3 Conversion #30 #29 #28 #27 • #26 • #25 • #24 #
Figure 7-2 Filter configuration menu tree CONFIG FILTER AVERAGE MODE MOVING AVERAGE COUNT REPEAT Remote filter programming Filter commands Table 7-4 summarizes filter commands. See Section 18, “SENSe1 subsystem,” “Configure and control filter,” for more details. Table 7-4 Filter commands Command Description :SENSe:AVERage:TCONtrol Select filter type (type = REPeat or MOVing). :SENSe:AVERage:COUNt Set filter count (n = count, 1 to 100).
8 Relative and Math • Relative — Discusses the relative (REL) mode that can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline value from readings. • Math operations — Provides detailed information on the following math (FCTN) operations: power, offset-compensated ohms, varistor, alpha, voltage coefficient, and percent deviation.
8-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math Relative The rel (relative) feature can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings. With REL enabled, subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input value and the rel value as follows: Displayed Reading = Actual Input - Rel Value Once a rel value is established for a measurement function, the value is the same for all ranges.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math 8-3 Remote rel programming Rel commands Table 8-1 summarizes rel commands. See Section 18, “CALCulate2” subsystem, for additional information. Table 8-1 Rel commands Command Description :CALCulate2:NULL:OFFSet :CALCulate2:NULL:STATe :CALCulate2:NULL:ACQuire Define null (rel) value (n = rel value). Enable/disable rel (state = ON or OFF). Automatically acquire rel value (must have non-overflowed reading).
8-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math Math operations Built-in math functions The SourceMeter has built-in math functions to calculate the following: • • • • • Power Offset Compensated Ω Varistor Alpha Voltage Coefficient Percent Deviation The Power and Percent Deviation math functions use a single voltage and/or current measurement to perform the calculation.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math 8-5 This two-point measurement method is mathematically expressed as: Offset-Compensated Ω = ΔV / ΔI where ΔV = V2 – V1 and ΔI = I2 – I1. • • • • V1 is the voltage measurement with the I-Source set to a specific level. V2 is the voltage measurement with the I-Source set to a different level (typically zero). I1 is the current measurement with the I-Source set to a specific level.
8-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math If sourcing voltage, you will be prompted to enter the two V-source values. If sourcing current, you will be prompted to enter the two I-source values. (See “Front panel math operations,” page 8-6.) Percent deviation This calculation provides the percent deviation between the normal display reading and the user set reference value: (X – Y) %Deviation = ------------------- × 100 Y where:X is the normal display measurement reading (V, I, or Ω).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math 8-7 Remote math operations Math commands Table 8-3 summarizes commands to control the built-in math functions. See Section 18, “Calculate subsystems,” for more detailed information on these and other math commands. Table 8-3 Math commands Command :CALCulate:MATH:NAME :CALCulate:STATe :CALCulate:DATA? Description Select match expression (name = “POWER,” “OFFCOMPOHM,” “VOLTCOEF,” “VARALPHA”) Enable/disable math (state = ON or OFF).
8-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Relative and Math Table 8-4 Commands for user-defined math functions Command Description :CALCulate:MATH:UNITs :CALCulate:MATH:NAME :CALCulate:MATH[EXPression]
9 Data Store • Data store overview — Outlines basic data store (buffer) capabilities. • Storing readings — Discusses the procedure for storing readings in the internal buffer. • Recalling readings — Provides detailed information for recalling readings stored in the buffer. • Buffer statistics — Discusses the various statistics available on buffer data including minimum and maximum values, average (mean), standard deviation, and peak-to-peak values.
9-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Store Data store overview The SourceMeter has a data store (buffer) to store from 1 to 2500 source-measure readings. The instrument stores the source-measure readings that are displayed during the storage process. Each source-measure reading also includes the buffer location number and a timestamp. Cmpl will flash in buffer recall if reading is in compliance. The data store also provides statistical data on the measured readings stored in the buffer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Store 9-3 Timestamp The first source-measure reading stored in the buffer (#0000) is timestamped at 0000000.000 seconds. Subsequent readings can be recalled in absolute or delta timestamp format. For the absolute format, the timestamp references readings to zero seconds. For the delta format, the timestamp indicates the time between the displayed reading and the reading before it. To set the timestamp format, see “Timestamp format” in this section.
9-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Store Peak-to-peak This mode displays the peak-to-peak reading (peak-to-peak = Maximum - Minimum). Average The average mode displays the mean (average) of all measured readings stored in the buffer. The following equation is used to calculate mean: ∑ Xi y = where: i=1 --------------- n y is the average. Xi is a stored reading. n is the number of stored readings. Standard deviation This mode displays the standard deviation of buffered readings.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Store 9-5 Buffer considerations From the front panel, 2500 source-measure readings can be stored and accessed using the method described earlier in this section. Over the bus, however, there are actually two separate 2500 reading buffers for a total of 5000 readings. The :TRACe buffer is a 2500 reading buffer used by front panel data store, bus :TRACe commands, and to store sweep data, and it is battery backed-up.
9-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Store • • • NOTE Reading source: raw readings. Number of points: 10. Acquired data: buffer readings, mean (average), and standard deviation. You can determine when the buffer is full by reading the appropriate status register bit. See Section 15 for details on the status structure.
10 Sweep Operation • Sweep types — Describes the four basic sweep types: Linear staircase, logarithmic staircase, custom, and source memory sweep. • Configuring and running a sweep — Discusses the procedure for setting up and performing sweeps including selecting and configuring a sweep, setting the delay, and performing a sweep. • Pulse Mode sweeps (Model 2430 only) — Covers sweep operation for the Pulse Mode of the Model 2430.
10-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Sweep types Sweeps allow you to program the instrument to step through specific voltage and current values and perform measurements at each source value. The four basic sweep types, which are described in the following paragraphs, include: • • • • NOTE Linear staircase Logarithmic staircase Custom Source memory Only voltage or current sweeps can be performed. Sweep readings are automatically stored in the buffer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-3 Figure 10-1 Linear staircase sweep Delay X Step Delay X Step Delay X Step Start Delay X Bias X = Measurement point Measure Measure Measure Measure Stop
10-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Logarithmic staircase sweep This sweep is similar to the linear staircase sweep. The steps, however, are done on a logarithmic scale as shown in the example sweep in Figure 10-2. This is a 5point log sweep from 1 to 10V. As with the staircase sweep, the delay period is the same for all steps. Figure 10-2 Logarithmic staircase sweep (example 5-point sweep from 1 to 10 volts) Log Scale Delay 10 X Delay 5.6234 X Volts Delay 3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-5 The programmable parameters for a log sweep include the start and stop levels and the number of measurement points for the sweep. The specified start, stop, and point parameters determine the logarithmic step size for the sweep.
10-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Custom sweep This sweep type lets you configure a customized sweep. Programmable parameters include the number of measurement points in the sweep and the source level at each point. When this sweep is started, the output goes from the bias level to the first sourcemeasure point in the sweep. The sweep will continue through the source-measure points in the order they were programmed and stop after the last source-measure point.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-7 Sweep configuration The user specifies the number of memory location points to sweep and where to start the sweep. For example, you can specify a six point sweep that starts at memory location 98. When the sweep is started, the setups at memory location points 98, 99, 100, 1, 2, and 3 are recalled. When sweeping past point 100, the sweep automatically wraps back to memory location point 1.
10-8 Sweep Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Restoring source memory setups In addition to automatically sweeping through source memory locations (see “Configuring and running a sweep” later in this section), you can also recall them individually as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press MENU to display the MAIN MENU. Select SAVESETUP, then press ENTER. Choose SOURCE MEMORY, then press ENTER. Select RESTORE, then press ENTER. Select the source memory location to restore (1-100), then press ENTER.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Table 10-2 Source memory saved configurations Mode Current integration rate Resistance integration rate Voltage integration rate Concurrent functions Enable functions Disable functions Manual/auto ohms Offset-compensated ohms Enable/disable filter Filter type Filter count 2430 pulse function Source mode Source delay† Source auto delay† Scaling factor* Enable/disable scaling* 2430 pulse width 2430 pulse delay Source Value, Range, Auto Range Sense Prote
10-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Table 10-2 (cont.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-11 Figure 10-3 Six-point test branching example Source Memory Locations 1 2 3 Pass 4 7 5 8 6 9 Should be the same to maintain triggering sequence. Caution must be used when branching since infinite memory loops can inadvertently be created. Also, a single Source Memory Sweep will always sweep the number of points specified, regardless of how many branches were taken.
10-12 Sweep Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Configuring and running a sweep Front panel sweep operation Sweep configuration menu The sweep configuration menu is structured as follows and shown in Figure 10-4. Note that bullets indicate the primary items of the sweep menu and dashes indicate the options of each menu item. Using Section 1, “Rules to navigate menus,” go through the following menu to select and configure the desired sweep.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual • • Sweep Operation 10-13 SOURCE RANGING — Use this menu item to control source ranging (ignored in source memory): – BEST FIXED — With this option, the SourceMeter will select a single fixed source range that will accommodate all of the source levels in the sweep. For example, if the minimum and maximum source levels in the sweep for the Model 2400 are 1V and 30V, the 200V source range will be used.
10-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Setting delay Generally, the time duration spent at each step (or point) of a sweep consists of the source delay and the time it takes to perform the measurement (NPLC setting). NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, source delay is not used. Instead, pulse width (for the on-time) and pulse delay (for the off-time) are the delays that are set by the user. Pulse Mode sweeps are covered later in this section.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-15 by pressing CONFIG V or I, selecting the SHAPE menu item, and then selecting PULSE. Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu. The following procedure assumes that the SourceMeter is already connected to the DUT as explained in Section 2. WARNING Hazardous voltages (>30V rms) can appear on the selected INPUT/OUTPUT LO terminal when performing fast pulse sweep operations. To eliminate this shock hazard, connect the LO terminal to earth ground.
10-16 Sweep Operation 1. 2. 3. 4. 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Press CONFIG then SOURCE V or SOURCE I depending on the selected source function. Select DELAY, then press ENTER. Set the delay to the desired value, then press ENTER. Press EXIT to return to normal display. Step 4: Turn output on. Press the ON/OFF OUTPUT key to turn the output on (OUTPUT indicator turns on). The SourceMeter will output the programmed bias level. Step 5: Run sweep. To run the sweep, press the SWEEP key.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-17 Step 3: Set delay. Set the source delay as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press CONFIG then SOURCE V or SOURCE I depending on the selected source function. Select DELAY, then press ENTER. Set the delay to the desired value, then press ENTER. Press EXIT to return to normal display. Step 4: Turn output on. Press the ON/OFF OUTPUT key to turn the output on (OUTPUT indicator turns on). The SourceMeter will output the programmed bias level.
10-18 Sweep Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Step 2: Configure sweep Configure the sweep as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Press CONFIG then SWEEP. Select TYPE, then press ENTER. Select SRC MEMORY, then press ENTER. Use the menu selections to enter the desired START memory location and # POINTS for the source memory sweep. From the CONFIGURE SWEEPS menu, select SWEEP COUNT, press ENTER, then choose FINITE or INFINITE as desired.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-19 Remote sweep operation Staircase sweep commands Table 10-3 summarizes remote commands used for linear and log staircase sweep operation. See Section 18, “Configure voltage and current sweeps,” for more details on these commands.
10-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Table 10-4 lists the command sequence for the diode programming example. Table 10-4 Staircase sweep programming example (diode test) Command *RST :SENS:FUNC:CONC OFF :SOUR:FUNC CURR :SENS:FUNC ‘VOLT:DC’ :SENS:VOLT:PROT 1 :SOUR:CURR:START 1E-3 :SOUR:CURR:STOP 10E-3 :SOUR:CURR:STEP 1E-3 :SOUR:CURR:MODE SWE :SOUR:SWE:RANG AUTO :SOUR:SWE:SPAC LIN :TRIG:COUN 10 :SOUR:DEL 0.1 :OUTP ON :READ? Description Restore GPIB default conditions.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-21 Custom sweep commands Table 10-5 summarizes remote commands used for custom sweep operation. See Section 18, “Configure list,” for more details on these commands.
10-22 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation Source memory sweep commands Table 10-7 summarizes remote commands used for custom sweep operation. See Section 18, “Configure memory sweep,” for more details on these commands.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-23 Source memory sweep programming example Table 10-8 summarizes the basic remote command sequence for performing the basic source memory sweep.
10-24 Sweep Operation 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Pulse Mode sweeps (Model 2430 only) When performing a sweep with the Model 2430 in the Pulse Mode, each step or point of the sweep is made up of a pulse period. In general, a pulse period consists of the pulse width (output on-time) and the output off-time. Figure 10-5 shows an example of a 3-step linear staircase sweep for the Pulse Mode (start = 1V, stop = 3V, step = 1V). A measured reading is performed for each of the three pulse steps.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-25 Figure 10-5 Pulse Mode linear staircase sweep Measure 3V On Measure 2V On Measure 1V OV On Off Pulse #1 Off Pulse #2 Off Pulse #3 Front panel Pulse Mode sweep procedure The procedure to perform a Pulse Mode sweep is summarized as follows: NOTE The following procedure assumes that the Model 2430 is already connected to the DUT as explained in Section 2.
WARNING Hazardous voltages (>30V rms) can appear on the selected INPUT/OUTPUT LO terminal when performing fast pulse sweep operations. To eliminate this shock hazard, connect the LO terminal to earth ground. If using the front panel terminals, ground the front panel LO terminal. If using the rear panel terminals, ground the rear panel LO terminal. The ground connection can be made at the chassis ground screw on the rear panel or to a known safety earth ground.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Sweep Operation 10-27 Table 10-9 provides a typical remote command sequence for performing the 3point Pulse Model linear staircase sweep shown in Figure 10-5. Table 10-9 Pulse Mode linear staircase sweep programming example Command *RST :SOUR:FUNC PULS :SOUR:PULS:WIDT 0.005 :SOUR:PULS:DEL 0.003 :SENS:VOLT:NPLC 0.1 :TRIG:COUN 3 :SOUR:FUNC VOLT :SENS:FUNC ‘CURR’ :SENS:CURR:PROT 0.
11 Triggering • Front panel trigger operation — Discusses front panel triggering including the trigger model, various layers, event detection, delay, and device action, and front panel trigger configuration. • Remote trigger operation — Details the remote trigger model and summarizes trigger commands. • Trigger link — Discusses the trigger link, including input triggers and output triggers.
11-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Front panel trigger operation Front panel trigger model NOTE For the Model 2430, the following discussion on the trigger model pertains explicitly to the DC Mode of operation. The trigger model operates a little differently for the Pulse Mode. These differences are covered in “Pulse Mode triggering (Model 2430)” later in this section. NOTE For instruments with the contact check option, see Appendix F for details on trigger operation.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Figure 11-1 Front panel trigger model Idle ✛ Immediate GPIB Timer Manual TLink ↓Stest ↑Stest ↑↓Stest Bypass Arm Event Detector ? ✛ Never Arm-In Event Idle Turn Output ON Once No Yes Another Arm ? Arm Event Detector Arm-Out Event Arm Counter ✛1 Arm Layer ✛ On/Off On/Off ✛ Arm-Out Event Trigger Layer Once Bypass Source Event Detector ? ✛ Never ✛ On/Off Source Event Detector No Yes Another Trigger ? Trigger Counter ✛1 Trigger Delay ✛ 0.
11-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Arm layer Event Detector Bypass — As shown in Figure 11-1, there is a bypass for the Arm Event Detector. This bypass can only be used if TLINK or STEST is the selected Arm-In Event. The bypass serves to “jump-start” operation. With the event detector bypass set to ONCE, operation will loop around the Arm Event Detector when the output is turned ON.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-5 Trigger layer The Trigger Layer uses three event detectors; one for each action (Source, Delay, and Measure). Each of these event detectors can be turned on or off individually. Event Detector Bypass — As shown in Figure 11-1, there is a bypass for the Source Event Detector. This bypass is in effect only if Trigger Link is the selected Trigger-In Source.
11-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering NOTE The Delay Action is set from the CONFIGURE V-SOURCE or CONFIGURE I-SOURCE menu. See Section 3, “Source delay.” In MULTIPLE mode, the soak time takes the place of the delay time only during the first SDM cycle after the initial sweep trigger. See Section 7, “Auto range change mode.” MEASURE Action — During this phase of the SDM cycle, the measurement process takes place.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual NOTE Triggering 11-7 When using SourceMeter autoranging, it is recommended that you use measure output triggers to avoid erroneous results. Arm Layer Output Trigger — The SourceMeter can also be programmed to output a trigger when operation enters the Trigger Layer, or after operation leaves the Trigger Layer and enters back into the Arm Layer. This output trigger is typically sent to another instrument to signal the end of a scan or sweep.
11-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering / • GPIB — Event detection occurs when a bus trigger (GET or *TRG) is received. / TIMER — Initially, event detection is satisfied immediately. Subsequent event detection occurs after the timer interval elapses. After selecting this arm event, you will be prompted to specify the timer interval (in seconds). / MANUAL — Event detection occurs when the TRIG key is pressed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual > > > NOTE NOTE TRIG-IN TLINK LINE — Select the input line (#1, #2, #3, or #4) for the Trigger Link. EVENT DETECT BYPASS — Set the bypass for the Source Event Detector. With ONCE, operation will loop around the Source Event Detector. With NEVER selected, operation will wait for an input trigger. TRIGGER IN EVENTS — Enable (ON) or disable (OFF) trigger-in events (SOURCE, DELAY, and MEASURE).
11-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Figure 11-2 Trigger configuration menu tree CONFIG TRIG ARM LAYER ARM OUT ARM IN LINE IMMEDIATE GPIB TRIG LAYER EVENTS TIMER MANUAL TRIGGER OUT TRIGGER IN COUNT IMMEDIATE TLINK TRIGGER LINK ↓STEST HALT ↑STEST LINE DELAY COUNT EVENTS ↑↓STEST Remote trigger operation NOTE For the Model 2430, the following discussion on the remote triggering pertains explicitly to the DC Mode of operation.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-11 mands from the Trigger Subsystem. Key remote commands are included in the trigger model. Also note that the GPIB defaults are denoted by the “✛” symbol. The primary actions of the trigger model are Source, Delay, and Measure. The source action outputs the programmed voltage or current value, and the programmed delay provides a settling period for the source before the measurement is performed.
11-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Figure 11-3 Remote trigger model Note: The following commands place the SourceMeter into idle: DCL, SDC, ABORt, *RST, SYSTem:PREset and *RCL.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-13 While operating within the trigger model (ARM indicator on), most commands will not be executed until the SourceMeter completes all of its programmed sourcemeasure operations and returns to the idle state. The IFC (interface clear), SDC (selected device clear) and DCL (device clear) commands can be executed under any circumstance while operating within the trigger model. They will abort any other command or query.
11-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering TLINk — Event detection occurs when an input trigger via the Trigger Link input line is received. See “Trigger link,” page 11-19, for more information. With TLINk selected, you can loop around the Arm Event Detector by setting the event detector bypass (ARM:DIRection) to SOURce. NSTest — Event detection occurs when the start-of-test (SOT) line of the Digital I/ O port is pulsed low. This pulse is received from the handler to start limit testing.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-15 Detector until an input trigger is received, and then it will hold up at the Measure Event Detector until another input trigger is received. Trigger delay A programmable delay is available before the Source Action. The Trigger Delay can be manually set from 0.00000 to 999.99990 seconds. Note that this delay is separate from the Delay Action of the SDM cycle. The Delay Action is discussed next.
11-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Figure 11-4 Measure action MEASURE Action CONV CONV Filter Process Offsest Comp. Ohms Autorange CALC1, CALC2 (Repeat) CONV CONV = Reading Conversion Counters Programmable counters are used to repeat operations within the trigger model layers. For example, if performing a 10-point sweep, the trigger counter would be set to 10 (TRIGger:COUNt 10).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-17 Output triggers The SourceMeter can be programmed to output a trigger (via rear panel Trigger Link connector) after various trigger model operations. An output trigger is used to trigger another instrument to perform an operation. The default is no output triggers. See “Trigger link” later in this section for more information.
11-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering With output turned ON (OUTPut ON), the SourceMeter will perform one SDM cycle when the INITiate command is sent. After the measurement, the SourceMeter returns to the idle state. Remote trigger commands Table 11-1 summarizes remote trigger commands. These commands are covered in more detail in Section 18 except for *TRG, a common command covered in Section 16.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-19 Trigger link Input and output triggers are received and sent via the rear panel TRIGGER LINK connector. The trigger link has four lines. At the factory, line #2 is selected for output triggers, and line #1 is selected for input triggers. These input/output line assignments can be changed from the CONFIGURE TRIGGER menu. (See “Configuring triggering,” page 11-7.) The connector pinout is shown in Figure 11-5.
11-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Output trigger specifications The SourceMeter can be programmed to output a trigger after various trigger model actions. (See “Trigger models,” page 11-20.) The output trigger provides a TTL-compatible output pulse that can be used to trigger other instruments. The specifications for this trigger pulse are shown in Figure 11-7. Figure 11-7 Trigger link output pulse specifications Meter Complete TTL High (3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-21 Figure 11-8 2430 Pulse Mode trigger model (front panel operation) Turn Output ON Idle ; Immediate GPIB Timer Manual TLink ßStest ÝßStest ÝßStest Bypass Arm Event Detector ? ; Never No Yes Arm-Out Event ; 0.
11-22 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering Figure 11-9 2430 Pulse Mode trigger model (remote operation) See Note Note: The following commands place the SourceMeter into idle: DCL, SDC, ABORt, *RST, SYSTem:PREset, and *RCL. Yes No INITiate ? Idle Arm Layer ARM :SOURce ; IMMediate BUS TIMer MANual TLINk NSTest PSTest BSTest ARM :DIRection SOURce Yes ; ACCeptor Arm-In Event TRIGger:INPut ; SOURce SOURce:PULSe:DELay ; 0.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Triggering 11-23 Idle As with DC Mode front panel operation, the SourceMeter is taken out of idle by pressing the ON/OFF OUTPUT key. For DC Mode remote operation, the output must be on and then an initiate command must be sent to take the instrument out of idle. For Pulse Mode remote operation, the output is turned on and initiation is satisfied when :INITiate, :READ? or :OUTPut[1][:STATe] ON is sent.
11-24 Triggering 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Output triggers All three output triggers are available in the trigger layer for the Pulse Mode. If enabled, the output triggers occur where indicated in the trigger model. Invalid trigger settings Front panel operation For front panel operation, most trigger settings are done from the “CONFIGURE TRIGGER” menu which is accessed by pressing CONFIG and then TRIG. For Pulse Mode operation, the following settings for the “TRIG LAYER” are ignored.
12 Limit Testing • Types of limits — Discusses the three types of limits: compliance, coarse limits, and fine limits. Also summarizes the two operating modes: grading and sorting. • Operation overview — Covers binning control and pass/fail condition for the grading and sorting modes. • Binning systems — Details the handler interface, as well as single-element and multiple-element binning and digital output clear pattern that occurs after a binning operation.
12-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing Types of limits As shown in Figure 12-1, there are 11 limit tests that can be performed on a DUT. These limits include: • • • Limit 1: compliance test Limit 2: course limits Limits 3, 5-12: fine limits NOTE Limit 4 is reserved for the contact check option. See Appendix F for details. A test is only performed if it is enabled. Thus, you can perform one, two, or all 11 tests. The tests are always performed in the order shown in the drawing.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-3 for binning operations. See “Binning systems,” page 12-10, and Section 13, “Digital I/O port,” for more information. NOTE • • • The Model 2401 does not have a handler interface and therefore cannot be used with a component handler to perform binning operations. With the :CALCulate2:LIMit:FAIL? query via remote, where is the limit test number (Section 18, “CALCulate2”).
12-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing With the grading mode selected, each enable software test (Limit 2, 3, 5-12) is performed until a failure occurs. When a test fails, the FAIL message is displayed and the testing process for that DUT (or DUT element) is terminated. With the sorting mode selected, each enabled software test (Limit 2, 3, 5-12) is performed until a test passes. When a test passes, the PASS message is displayed and the testing process for that DUT is terminated.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing Figure 12-2 Grading mode limit testing Start Turn Output ON and press LIMIT key.
12-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing NOTE If using the contact check option, see flowchart, Figure F-4, in Appendix F. Binning control The binning control selection determines when the testing process stops and the appropriate binning operation occurs. The results are communicated through the Digital I/O port based on limit test data. (See “Binning systems,” page 12-10.) There are two types of binning control for the grading mode: immediate and end.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-7 the Binning Control decision block. (Note that the pass condition can also be determined with the :CALC2:LIMFAIL? query via remote.) Immediate binning — For immediate binning, the testing process stops. The SourceMeter outputs the pass pattern via the Digital I/O port to the component handler to perform the binning operation. End binning — For end binning, operation drops down to Another Test Cycle? decision block.
12-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing NOTE The Model 2401 does not have a handler interface. Therefore it cannot be used with a component handler to perform binning operations. NOTE If using the contact check option, see flowchart, Figure F-4, in Appendix F. Binning For the sorting mode, only immediate binning can be performed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing Figure 12-5 Sorting mode limit testing Start Turn Output ON and press LIMIT key.
12-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing Binning systems NOTE The Model 2401 does not have handler interface. Therefore it cannot be used with a component handler to perform binning operations. The SourceMeter can be used with a component handler to perform binning operations on DUT packages. With this system, you can test single-element devices (i.e., resistor). Adding a scanner to the system allows binning operations on multiple-element DUT packages.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-11 Digital output lines The four output lines output a specific bit pattern based on the pass/fail results of the various limit tests. (See “Types of limits,” page 12-2.) In the 3-bit output mode, Line 4 can also be used either as an end-of-test (EOT) or BUSY signal depending on the END OF TEST mode. (See “Configuring limit tests,” page 12-16.
12-12 Limit Testing 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual when the lid of the handler is opened to eliminate a possible shock hazard. See Section 13, “Digital I/O port” and “Output enable line,” for operation details on the output enable line. Handler types The SourceMeter can be used with either of the two basic types of handlers. When used with a Category Pulse Handler, the SourceMeter pulses one of the four handler lines. The handler then places the DUT into the bin assigned to the pulsed line.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-13 If the handler requires a a high-going or low-going EOT pulse, program SourceMeter for 3-bit operation and appropriate EOT mode. NOTE The EOT and 3-bit modes are configured from the CONFIG LIMITS MENU. See “Configuring limit tests,” page 12-16. Basic binning systems Two basic binning systems are shown in Figure 12-7 and Figure 12-8. Both systems require a handler to physically place the device packages in the appropriate bins.
12-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing frame. Scanner card switching is controlled through the Trigger Link. End binning control is required for this test system, therefore, the grading mode must be used.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-15 Enabling auto-clear To enable auto-clear: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press CONFIG then LIMIT. Select DIGOUT, then press ENTER. Choose AUTO CLEAR, then press ENTER. Select ENABLE, then press ENTER. At the prompts, set the auto-clear pulse width (0s to 60s) and clear bit pattern (0 to 15, 4-bit; 0 to 7, 3-bit size). Use EXIT to return to normal display.
12-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing The pulse width (delay) of the pass/fail pattern can be set from 0 to 60sec (10µsec resolution) as required by the component handler. Note that the delay specifies the pulse width of line 4. The pulse width of lines 1, 2, and 3 is actually 20µsec longer. Line 4 is skewed because it is used as the end-of-test (EOT) strobe by category register component handlers.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual • NOTE • • Limit Testing 12-17 allows multi-element devices (i.e., resistor networks) to be tested. After testing is finished, the bit pattern for the first failure is placed on the output. If all tests pass, the pass pattern will instead be placed on the output. In SORTING mode, a reading will fail if it fails the optional Contact Check Test, the Compliance Test, or is not within any of the Digital I/O Bands.
12-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing – • SRC MEM LOC — Use this option with a Source Memory Sweep to select the next memory location point in the sweep when the PASS condition occurs. If NEXT is selected, the next point in the sweep list will be selected. You can also branch to a different point in the sweep by specifying the memory LOCATION# (1 to 100).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-19 Performing front panel limit tests Perform the basic steps below to run limit tests from the front panel. See “Remote limit testing,” page 12-20, for remote commands and a programming example. NOTE The Model 2401 does not use the digital output lines of the Digital I/O port. Therefore it cannot be used with a handler to perform binning operations.
12-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing ZERO output-off state, the ZER message is displayed. The pass and fail conditions will be displayed as P ZER and F ZER respectively. • If the source reaches the over-voltage protection (OVP) limit, the OVP message will be displayed. The pass and fail conditions will be displayed as P OVP and F OVP respectively. Step 6: Stop testing process. The testing process can be terminated at any time by again pressing LIMIT.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-21 Table 12-1 (cont.
12-22 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing Table 12-2 Commands to control Digital I/O port for limit testing (not valid for the Model 2401) Command :SOURce2:BSIZe :SOURce2:TTL | :SOURce2:TTL? :SOURce2:TTL4:MODE :SOURce2:TTL4:BSTate :SOURce2:CLEar :SOURce2:CLEar:AUTO :SOURce2:CLEar:AUTO:DELay Description Set Digital I/O port bit size (n = 3 or 4). Set I/O port bit pattern (NRf | NDN = pattern). Query actual output pattern.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit Testing 12-23 The programming example in Table 12-4 tests a diode for two sets of upper and lower limits for a diode. This example is not valid for the Model 2401. Table 12-4 Limits test programming example Command Description *RST :SENS:FUNC:CONC OFF :SOUR:FUNC CURR :SENS:FUNC 'VOLT:DC' :SOUR:CURR:TRIG 0.1 :SOUR:DEL 0.1 :CALC2:FEED VOLT :CALC2:LIM2:UPP 0.85 :CALC2:LIM2:LOW 0.75 :CALC2:LIM3:UPP 0.82 :CALC2:LIM3:LOW 0.
13 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration • Digital I/O port — Discusses the various input/output lines on the Digital I/ O Port as well as the +5V line that can be used to power external logic circuits. NOTE The Model 2401 does not use the digital output lines of the Digital I/O port. Since the Model 2401 does not have a handler interface it cannot be used with a component handler to perform binning operations.
13-2 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O port The SourceMeter has a digital input/output port that can be used to control external digital circuitry, such as a handler that is used to perform binning operations when testing limits. NOTE The Model 2401 does not use the digital output lines of the Digital I/O port. If using the Model 2401, ignore all information that pertains to binning operations.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 13-3 Digital output lines The port provides four output lines. Each open-collector output can be set high (+5V) or low (0V). Each output line can source up to 2mA or sink up to 500mA. When using a category register handler for limit testing, output line #4 is typically used for the end-of-test (EOT) or BUSY pulse.
13-4 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Figure 13-2 Sink operation SourceMeter +5V Pin 7 External Relay To other Circuits Pins 1-4 Pin 9 Maximum sink current: 500mA Digital I/O Port Source operation Figure 13-3 shows the basic output configuration for source operation. In this case, the external relay coil is connected between the digital output line (pins 1 to 4) and ground (pin 9).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 13-5 Front panel digital output control Set digital output line logic levels from the front panel as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the MENU key. Select GENERAL, then press ENTER. Select DIGOUT, then press ENTER. Using the RANGE and cursor keys, set the digital output parameter to the desired decimal value (Table 13-1).
13-6 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Output enable line NOTE The output enable line can be used by all Series 2400 SourceMeters. The digital I/O port provides an output enable line for use with a test fixture output enable switch. When properly used, the OUTPUT of the SourceMeter will turn OFF when the lid of the test fixture is opened. See Section 2, “Connections,” for important safety information when using the test fixture switch.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 13-7 Figure 13-4 Using test fixture output enable SourceMeter Test Fixture /Output Enable (Pin 8) Output Enable Switch (Lid Closed) GND (Pin 5 or 9) A. SourceMeter OUTPUT can be turned on. Test Fixture SourceMeter /Output Enable (Pin 8) Output Enable Switch (Lid Open) GND (Pin 5 or 9) B. SourceMeter OUTPUT turns off. NOTE Output enable can be driven by Digital I/O.
13-8 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Configure OUTPUT menu Press CONFIG and then ON/OFF OUTPUT to display the menu. Figure 13-5 shows the overall menu structure. NOTE • • • NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, ENABLE is the only menu item that is displayed. For the Pulse Mode, the output-off state is always set to NORMAL, and auto output-off is always enabled. ENABLE — Use to ENABLE or DISABLE the output enable line of the Digital output.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 13-9 Figure 13-5 Output configuration menu tree CONFIG ON/OFF OUTPUT ENABLE OFF STATE DISABLE ENABLE HIGH NORMAL IMPEDANCE AUTO OFF ZERO GUARD DISABLE ENABLE Output-off states NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, output-off is always set to NORMAL. HIGH IMPEDANCE With this output-off state, the output relay opens when the OUTPUT is turned OFF.
13-10 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration • • • • 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual The programmed V-Source value remains on the display. Internally, the V-Source is set to 0V. The current compliance setting remains the same as the output-on value. Real and range compliance detection remains active. Measurements are performed and displayed. When the I-Source is the selected source: • • • • The programmed I-Source value remains on the display.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration 13-11 GUARD With this output-off state, the current source is selected and set to 0A. Voltage compliance is set to 0.5% full scale of the present voltage range. This output-off state should be used when performing 6-wire guarded ohms measurements or for any other load that uses an active source.
Remote output configuration Output configuration commands Table 13-2 summarizes output configuration commands. These commands include those to enable and disable the output enable line as well as commands to control output offstates.
14 Remote Operations • Differences: remote vs. local operation — Summarizes remote operation enhancements and local-to-remote and remote-to-local transitions. • Selecting an interface — Describes how to select between the GPIB and RS-232 interfaces. • GPIB operation — Covers GPIB bus standards, bus connections, and primary address selection. • General bus commands — Describes general bus commands used for fundamental GPIB control.
14-2 Remote Operations 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Differences: remote vs. local operation Operation enhancements (remote operation) There are some source-measure operations you can do over the IEEE-488 bus and RS-232 interface that you cannot do from the front panel; these are summarized below. Math expressions There are five math expressions available from the panel. All except the Percent Deviation are available as pre-defined math expressions for remote operation.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-3 Remote-to-local transition When changing from remote to local operation, the following actions occur. • • • • • • • • • The SourceMeter stops performing source-measure operations and returns to the idle state (ARM annunciator off). All sweep operations are aborted. All user-defined display messages are cancelled. The display is turned on (if it was previously turned off). Source autoranging is disabled. Concurrent measurements are enabled.
14-4 Remote Operations 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual GPIB operation This section contains information about GPIB standards, bus connections, and primary address selection. GPIB standards The GPIB is the IEEE-488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and programming standards originally adopted by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) in 1975. The SourceMeter conforms to these standards: • • IEEE-488.1-1987 IEEE-488.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-5 The primary address can be checked and/or changed from the COMMUNICATIONS option of the Main Menu (Section 1, “Main menu”). General bus commands General commands are those commands, such as DCL, that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Table 14-1 lists the general bus commands.
14-6 Remote Operations 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual When REM is turned off, the instrument is in the local state, and front panel operation is restored. NOTE If LLO is in effect, LOCAL will be locked out. OUTPUT ON/OFF is still operational in remote. If ARM:SOUR is set to manual, the TRIG key will be active in remote. TALK This indicator is on when the instrument is in the talker active state. LSTN This indicator is on when the SourceMeter is in the listener active state.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-7 Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter. The following are some examples: *SAV Parameter (NRf) required *RST No parameter used :CALCulate1:STATe Parameter required :SYSTem:PRESet No parameter used NOTE At least one space between the command word and the parameter is required. Brackets [ ] — Some command words are enclosed in brackets ([ ]).
14-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations Numeric value — A numeric value parameter can consist of an NRf number or one of the following name parameters: DEFault, MINimum, MAXimum. When the DEFault parameter is used, the instrument is programmed to the *RST default value. When the MINimum parameter is used, the instrument is programmed to the lowest allowable value. When the MAXimum parameter is used, the instrument is programmed to the largest allowable value.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-9 Query commands This type of command requests (queries) the presently programmed status. It is identified by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form: :ARM:TIMer? Queries the timer interval. Most commands that require a numeric parameter () can also use the DEFault, MINimum, and MAXimum parameters for the query form.
14-10 Remote Operations 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example: :auto = :auto • These rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: • If the fourth letter of the command word is a vowel (including “y”), delete it and all the letters after it.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-11 :stat:oper:enab :stat:oper:enab? :stat:pres In each of the above program messages, the path pointer starts at the root command (:stat) and moves down the command levels until the command is executed. Multiple command messages You can send multiple command messages in the same program message as long as they are separated by semicolons (;).
14-12 Remote Operations • • 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual When the path pointer detects a colon (:) that immediately follows a semicolon (;), it resets to the root level. The path pointer can only move down. It cannot be moved up a level. Executing a command at a higher level requires that you start over at the root command. Using common and SCPI commands in the same message Both common commands and SCPI commands can be used in the same message as long as they are separated by semicolons (;).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-13 Multiple response messages If you send more than one query command in the same program message (see “Multiple command messages,” page 14-11), the multiple response messages for all the queries are sent to the computer when the SourceMeter is addressed to talk. The responses are sent in the order the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons (;). Items within the same query are separated by commas (,).
14-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations You can break data transmissions by sending a ^C (decimal 3) or ^X (decimal 18) character string to the instrument. This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output. Baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the SourceMeter and the programming terminal communicate. Choose one of these available rates: • • • • • • • • • 57600 38400 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 600 300 The factory selected baud rate is 9600.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations 14-15 Flow control (signal handshaking) Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument lets the two devices communicate with each other about readiness to receive data. The SourceMeter does not support hardware handshaking (flow control). Software flow control is in the form of XON and XOFF characters and is enabled when XON-XOFF is selected from the RS-232 FLOW CONTROL menu.
14-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations Table 14-2 RS-232 connector pinout Pin numbezr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Description Not used TXD, transmit data RXD, receive data Not used GND, signal ground Not used RTS, ready to send CTS, clear to send Not used NOTE: CTA and RTS are tied together. Table 14-3 provides pinout identification for the 9-pin (DB-9) or 25-pin (DB-25) serial port connector on the computer (PC).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Remote Operations Table 14-3 PC serial port pinout Signal DCD, data carrier detect RXD, receive data TXD, transmit data DTR, data terminal ready GND, signal ground DSR, data set ready RTS, request to send CTS, clear to send RI, ring indicator DB-9 pin DB-25 pin number number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Error messages See Appendix B for RS-232 error messages.
15 Status Structure • Overview — Provides an operational overview of the status structure for the SourceMeter. • Clearing registers and queues — Covers the actions that clear (reset) registers and queues. • Programming and reading registers — Explains how to program enable registers and read any register in the status structure. • Status byte and service request (SRQ) — Explains how to program the Status Byte to generate service requests (SRQs).
15-2 Status Structure 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Overview The SourceMeter provides a series of status registers and queues allowing the operator to monitor and manipulate the various instrument events. The status structure is shown in Figure 15-1. The heart of the status structure is the Status Byte Register. This register can be read by the user's test program to determine if a service request (SRQ) has occurred, and what event caused it.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Figure 15-1 SourceMeter status register structure Questionable Questionable Condition Event Register Register & 0 0 & 1 1 & 2 2 & 3 3 & 4 4 & 5 5 & 6 6 & 7 7 & Calibration Summary Cal Cal & 9 9 & 10 10 & 11 11 & 12 12 & 13 13 Command Warning Warn Warn & & 15 (Always Zero) 15 Questionable Event Enable Register 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cal 9 10 11 12 13 Warn 15 Logical OR Error Queue Output Queue Standard Event Status Enable Register Standard Event Status
15-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Clearing registers and queues When the SourceMeter is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the two queues are empty. Commands to reset the event and event enable registers, and the Error Queue are listed in Table 15-1. In addition to these commands, any enable register can be reset by sending the 0 parameter value with the individual command to program the register.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-5 Programming and reading registers Programming enable registers The only registers that can be programmed by the user are the enable registers. All other registers in the status structure are read-only registers. The following explains how to ascertain the parameter values for the various commands used to program enable registers. The actual commands are covered later in this section (Table 15-3 and Table 15-6).
15-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure #b101100 #h2C #q54 44 Binary format ( parameter type) Hexadecimal format ( parameter type) Octal format ( parameter type) Decimal format ( parameter type) Valid characters for the non-decimal parameter values are shown as follows: format Binary Hexadecimal Octal Valid characters 1s and 0s 0 through 9 and A through F 0 through 7 Reading registers Any register in the status structure can be read by using the appropri
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-7 Status byte and service request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers; the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register. Figure 15-3 shows the structure of these registers.
15-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Status byte register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register. These summary bits do not latch, and their states (0 or 1) are solely dependent on the summary messages (0 or 1). For example, if the Standard Event Register is read, its register will clear.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-9 Service request enable register The generation of a service request is controlled by the Service Request Enable Register. This register is programmed by you and is used to enable or disable the setting of bit B6 (RQS/MSS) by the Status Summary Message bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register.
15-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Status byte and service request commands The commands to program and read the Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register are listed in Table 15-3. For details on programming and reading registers, see “Programming enable registers,” page 15-5, and “Reading registers,” page 15-6. NOTE To reset the bits of the Service Request Enable Register to 0, use 0 as the parameter value for the *SRE command (i.e. *SRE 0).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-11 Status register sets As shown in Figure 15-1, there are four status register sets in the status structure of the SourceMeter; Standard Event Status, Operation Event Status, Measurement Event Status, and Questionable Event Status. NOTE See Appendix B for details on which register bits are set by specific error and status conditions.
15-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Figure 15-4 Standard event status *ESR? — (B15 - B8) PON URQ CME (B7) (B6) (B5) EXE (B4) DDE QYE (B3) (B2) — (B1) OPC (B0) Standard Event Status Register & & & OR & & & & To Event Summary Bit (ESB) of Status Byte Register. (See Figure 15-3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-13 Figure 15-5 Operation event status Operation — — Idle Arm Trig — Swp — — Cal (B15 - B11) (B10) (B9 - B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Condition Register :stat:oper:cond? — — Idle Arm Trig — Swp — — Cal (B15 - B11) (B10) (B9 - B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) :stat:oper? Operation Event Register & & To Operation Summary Bit (OSB) of Status Byte Register. (See Figure 15-3.
15-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure • • • • • • • • • Bit B7, Reading Overflow (ROF) — Set bit indicates that the volts or amps reading exceeds the selected measurement range of the SourceMeter. Bit B8, Buffer Available (BAV) — Set bit indicates that there are at least two readings in the buffer. Bit B9, Buffer Full (BFL) — Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is full. Bit B10 — Limit 4 - Contact Check (see Appendix F).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-15 Questionable Event Register The used bits of the Questionable Event Register (shown in Figure 15-7) are described as follows: • • • • • Bits B0 through B7 — Not used. Bit B8, Calibration Summary (Cal) — Set bit indicates that an invalid calibration constant was detected during the power-up sequence. This error will clear after successful calibration of the instrument. Bits B9 through B13 — Not used.
15-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Condition registers As Figure 15-1 shows, each status register set (except the Standard Event Register set) has a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the present operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while the SourceMeter is in the idle state, bit B10 (Idle) of the Operation Condition Register will be set.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-17 Event enable registers As Figure 15-1 shows, each status register set has an enable register. Each event register bit is logically ANDed (&) to a corresponding enable bit of an enable register. Therefore, when an event bit is set and the corresponding enable bit is set (as programmed by the user), the output (summary) of the register will set to 1, which in turn sets the summary bit of the Status Byte Register.
15-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure which bits are set). The command to select format (FORMat:SREGister) is documented in Table 15-2. Table 15-8 Program and read register programming example Command FORM:SREG BIN STAT:MEAS:ENAB 512 STAT:MEAS:COND? STAT:MEAS? Description Select binary format to read registers. Enable BFL (buffer full). Read Measurement Condition Register. Read Measurement Event Register.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure 15-19 Error queue The Error Queue holds error and status messages. When an error or status event occurs, a message that defines the error/status is placed in the Error Queue. When a message is placed in the Error Queue, the Error Available (EAV) bit in the Status Byte Register is set. An error/status message is cleared from the Error Queue when it is read. The Error Queue is considered cleared when it is empty.
15-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status Structure Table 15-9 Error queue commands Command Description STATus :QUEue [:NEXT]? :ENABle :ENABle? :DISable :DISable? :CLEar STATus Subsystem: Read Error Queue: Read and clear oldest error/status (code and message). Specify error and status messages for Error Queue. Read the enabled messages. Specify messages not to be placed in queue. Read the disabled messages. Clear messages from Error Queue.
16 Common Commands • Command summary — Lists the IEEE-488.2 common commands used by the SourceMeter. • Command reference — Provides a detailed reference for all common commands except for those associated with the status structure, discussed in Section 15.
16-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Common Commands Command summary Common commands (summarized in Table 16-1) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE-488.2 standard. Most of these commands are described in detail in this section. NOTE The following common commands associated with the status structure are covered in Section 15: *CLS, *ESE, *ESE?, *ESR?, *SRE, *SRE?, and *STB?. Table 16-1 IEEE-488.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Common Commands 16-3 Command reference *IDN? — identification query Reads identification code The identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firmware revision levels and is sent in the following format: KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC., MODEL nnnn, xxxxxxx, yyyyy/zzzzz /a/d Where: nnnn is the model number. xxxxxxx is the serial number.
16-4 Common Commands 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Use the *SAV command to save the present instrument setup configuration in memory for later recall. Any control affected by *RST can be saved by the *SAV command. The *RCL command is used to restore the instrument to the saved setup configuration. Five setup configurations can be saved and recalled. The SourceMeter ships from the factory with SYSTem:PRESet defaults loaded into the available setup memory.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual *WAI — wait-to-continue Common Commands 16-5 Wait until previous commands are com- Effectively, the *WAI command is a No-Op (no operation) for the SourceMeter and thus, does not need to be used. Two types of device commands exist: • Sequential commands — A command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed.
17 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands • Command summary — Summarizes those commands used to configure and acquire readings. • Configuring measurement function — Provides detailed information on commands to configure the measurement function. • Acquiring readings — Describes commands to acquire post-processed readings, both trigger and acquire readings, and to perform a single measurement.
17-2 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Command summary The signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings. You can use these high-level instructions to control the measurement process. These commands are summarized in Table 17-1. Table 17-1 Signal oriented measurement command summary Command Description :CONFigure: :CONFigure? :FETCh? :READ? :MEASure[:]? Configures SourceMeter for measurements on specified function.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual WARNING NOTE SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands • The count values of the Trigger Model are set to one. • The Delay of the Trigger Model is set to zero. • All math calculations are disabled. • Buffer operation is disabled. • Autozero is enabled. • The source output will turn on. 17-3 When :CONFigure is sent, the output will turn on. Beware of hazardous voltage that may be present on the output terminals.
17-4 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual For example, assume that voltage, current and resistance readings are selected as data elements, and the instrument is programmed to Source V and Measure I. A reading string acquired by :FETch? will include the programmed V-Source value and the I-Measure reading. The reading for resistance will be NAN since resistance was not measured.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands 17-5 Note that if auto output-off is disabled (:SOURce1:CLEar:AUTO OFF), then the output must be turned on before you can perform a :READ?. The output will then remain on after all sourcemeasure operations are completed. If auto output-off is enabled (:SOURce1:CLEar:AUTO ON), then the output will automatically turn on at the beginning of each SDM (source-delay-measure) cycle and turn off after each measurement.
WARNING With auto output-off disabled, the output will remain on after the one-shot source-measure operation is performed. Beware of hazardous voltage that may be present on the output terminals.
18 SCPI Command Reference • Reference tables — Summarizes each SCPI command subsystem. • SCPI subsystems — Provides detailed information on all commands in each SCPI subsystem.
18-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Reference tables Table 18-1 through Table 18-11 summarize the commands for each SCPI subsystem. The following list includes the SCPI subsystem, table number where each command is summarized, and the page number where detailed reference information begins.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-3 Table 18-1 CALCulate command summary Command Description Subsystem to control CALC1: Path to configure and control math expressions: [:EXPRession]
18-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Command :CALCulate2 :LIMit[1] :COMPliance :FAIL :FAIL? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :STATe :STATe? :FAIL? :LIMit2 :UPPer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :LOWer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :PASS :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :STATe :STATe? :FAIL? Description Path to control LIMIT 1 test: Configure Limit 1 test: Specify fa
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-5 Table 18-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Command :CALCulate2 :LIMit3 :UPPer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :LOWer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :PASS :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :STATe :STATe? :FAIL? :LIMit4 :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :STATe :STATe? :FAIL? Description Path to control LIMIT 3 test: Configure upper limit: Specify upper limit (-9.999999e20 to 9.
18-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Command :CALCulate2 :LIMit5…12 :UPPer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :LOWer [:DATA] [:DATA]? :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :PASS :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :STATe :STATe? :FAIL? :CLIMits :BCONtrol :BCONtrol? :MODE :MODE? Description Path to control LIMIT 5 to LIMIT 12 tests (see Note): Configure upper limit: Specify upper limit (-9.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-7 Table 18-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Command :CALCulate2 :CLEar [:IMMediate] :AUTO :AUTO? :PASS :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :SMLocation | NEXT :SMLocation? :FAIL :SOURce2 | :SOURce2? :SMLocation | NEXT :SMLocation? :CALCulate3 :FORMat :FORMat? :DATA? Description Clear test results: Clear latest limit test result and reset Digital I/O port back to :SOURce2:TTL settings.
18-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-2 DISPlay command summary Command :DISPlay :ENABle :ENABle? :CNDisplay [:WINDow[1]] :TEXT :DATA :DATA? :STATe :STATe? :DATA? :ATTRibutes? :WINDow2 :TEXT :DATA :DATA? :STATe :STATe? :DATA? :ATTRibutes? :DIGits :DIGits? Description Turn on or turn off front panel display. Query state of display. Return to source-measure display state.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-9 Table 18-3 FORMat command summary Command Default parameter Description :FORMat :SREGister :SREGister? [:DATA] [<,length>] [:DATA]? :BORDer :BORDer? :ELEMents [:SENSe[1]] - [:SENSe[1]]? :CALCulate
- :CALCulate? :SOURce2 :SOURce2? SCPI Select data format for reading status event registers ASCii (ASCii, HEXadecimal, OCTal or BINary). Query format for reading status event registers.
18-10 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-5 ROUTe command summary Command :ROUTe :TERMinals :TERMinals? Description Select in/out terminals: (FRONt or REAR). Query in/out terminals.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-11 Table 18-6 SENSe command summary Command [:SENSe[1]] :DATA [:LATest?] :FUNCtion :CONCurrent :CONCurrent? [:ON] :ALL :COUNt? [:ON]? :OFF :ALL :COUNt? :OFF? :STATe? Description Default Source parameter SCPI memory Sense 1 Subsystem: Path to SENSe[1] data. Return only most recent reading.
18-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-6 (continued) SENSe command summary Command [:SENSe[1]] :CURRent[:DC] :RANGe [:UPPer] |UP|DOWN [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? :ULIMit? :LLIMit :LLIMit? :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? :PROTection [:LEVel] [:LEVel]? :TRIPped? :RSYNchronize :RSYNchronize? :VOLTage[:DC] :RANGe [:UPPer] |UP|DOWN [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? :ULIMit? :LLIMit :LLIMit? :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? :PROTection [:LEVel] Description Path to
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-13 Table 18-6 (continued) SENSe command summary Command [:SENSe[1]] :VOLTage[:DC] :PROTection [:LEVel]? :TRIPped? :RSYNchronize :RSYNchronize? :RESistance :MODE :MODE? :OCOMpensated :OCOMpensated? :RANGe [:UPPer] |UP|DOWN [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? ULIMit ULIMit? LLIMit LLIMit? :HOLDoff :HOLDoff? :DELay :DELay? :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? Description Query voltage compliance limit.
18-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-6 (continued) SENSe command summary Command [:SENSe[1]] :VOLTage[:DC] :AVERage :TCONtrol :TCONtrol? :COUNt :COUNt? [:STATe] [:STATe]? Description Path to configure and control digital filter: Specify filter type (MOVing or REPeat).1 Query filter type. Specify filter count (1 to 100).1 Query filter count. Enable or disable filter.2 Query state of filter. Default Source parameter SCPI memory REPeat 10 OFF 1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-15 Table 18-7 SOURce command summary Command [:SOURce[1]] :CLEar [:IMMediate] :AUTO :AUTO? :MODE :MODE? :FUNCtion :SHAPe :SHAPe? [:MODE] [:MODE]? :DELay :AUTO :AUTO? :DELay? :CURRent :MODE :MODE? :RANGe |UP|DOWN| :AUTO :AUTO? :RANGe? [:LEVel] [:IMMediate] [:AMPLitude] [:AMPLitude]? Description Path to control sourcing: Path to clear source: Turn selected source off.
18-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-7 (continued) SOURce command summary Command [:SOURce[1]] :CURRent [:LEVel] :TRIGgered [:AMPLitude] [:AMPLitude]? :SFACtor :STATe :STATe? :SFACtor? :STARt :STARt? :STOP :STOP? :STEP :STEP? :SPAN :SPAN? :CENTer :CENTer? :VOLTage :MODE :MODE? :RANGe |UP|DOWN| :AUTO :AUTO? :RANGe? Description Set level when triggered: Specify current level.1 Query current level.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-17 Table 18-7 (continued) SOURce command summary Command [:SOURce[1]] :VOLTage [:LEVel] [:IMMediate] [:AMPLitude] [:AMPLitude]? :TRIGgered [:AMPLitude] [:AMPLitude]? :SFACtor :STATe :STATe? :SFACtor? :PROTection [:LEVel] [:LEVel]? :TRIPped? :STARt :STARt? :STOP :STOP? :STEP :STEP? :SPAN :SPAN? :CENTer :CENTer? :SOAK :SOAK? Description Set V-Source level (in volts): Set specified level immedi
18-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-7 (continued) SOURce command summary Command [:SOURce[1]] :SWEep :SPACing :SPACing? :POINts :POINts? :DIRection :DIRection? :RANGing :RANGing? :CABort :CABort? :LIST :CURRent :APPend :POINts? :STARt :STARt? :CURRent? :VOLTage :APPend :POINts? :STARt :STARt? :VOLTage? :MEMory :SAVE :RECall :POINts :POINts? :STARt :STARt? Description Configure SWEep
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-19 Table 18-7 (continued) SOURce command summary Command [:SOURce[1]] :PULSe :WIDTh :WIDTh? :DELay :DELay? :SOURce2 :BSIZe :BSIZe? :TTL [:LEVel] [:DEFault] , [:LEVel] [:DEFault]? :ACTual? :TTL4 :MODE :MODE? :BSTate :BSTate? :CLEar [:IMMediate] :AUTO :AUTO? :DELay :DELay? Description Default Source parameter SCPI memory Model 2430 — Configure pulse for Pulse Mode: Set pulse width (0.00015 to 0.
18-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-8 STATus command summary Command :STATus :MEASurement [:EVENt]? :ENABle or :ENABle? :CONDition? :OPERation [:EVENt]? :ENABle or :ENABle? :CONDition? :QUEStionable [:EVENt]? :ENABle or :ENABle? :CONDition? :PRESet :QUEue [:NEXT]? :ENABle :ENABle? :DISable :DISable? :CLEar Description Control measurement event registers: Read the event register.6 Program the enable register.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-21 Table 18-9 SYSTem command summary Command :SYSTem :PRESet :POSetup :POSetup? :VERSion? :ERRor [:NEXT]? :ALL? :COUNt? :CODE [:NEXT]? :ALL? :CCHeck :RES :CLEar :RSENse :RSENse? :KEY :KEY? :GUARd :GUARd? :BEEPer [:IMMediate] :STATe :STATe? Description Default Source parameter SCPI memory Return to :SYSTem:PRESet defaults. Select power-on setup (RST, PRESet or SAV 0-4).
18-22 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-9 (continued) SYSTem command summary Command :SYSTem :AZERo [:STATe] [:STATe]? :CACHing [:STATe] [:STATe]? :REFResh :RESet :NPLCycles? :LFRequency :AUTO :AUTO? :LFRequency? :TIME :RESet :AUTO :TIME? :MEMory :INITialize :LOCal :RWLock :RCMode :RCMode? :MEP [:STATe]? :HOLDoff Description Control auto zero and NPLC caching.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-23 Table 18-10 TRACe command summary Command :TRACe|:DATA :DATA? :CLEar :FREE? :POINts :ACTual? :POINts? :FEED :CONTrol :CONTrol? :TSTamp :FORMat :FORMat? Description Use :TRACe or :DATA as root command: Read the contents of the buffer (data store). Clear readings from buffer. Query bytes available and bytes in use. Specify size of buffer (1 to 2500). Queries number of readings stored in the buffer.
18-24 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Table 18-11 TRIGger command summary Command :INITiate[:IMMediate] :ABORt :ARM [:SEQuence[1]] [:LAYer[1]] :COUNt :COUNt? :SOURce :SOURce? :TIMer :TIMer? [:TCONfigure] :DIRection :DIRection? [:ASYNchronous] :ILINe :ILINe? :OLINe :OLINe? :OUTPut :OUTPut? :TRIGger :CLEar [:SEQuence[1]] :COUNt :COUNt? :DELay :DELay? :SOURce :SOURce? Description Default parameter IMMediate ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-25 Table 18-11 (continued) TRIGger command summary Command :TRIGger [:SEQuence[1]] [:TCONfigure] :DIRection :DIRection [:ASYNchronous] :ILINe :ILINe? :INPut :INPut? :OLINe :OLINe? :OUTPut :OUTPut? Description Enable (SOURce) or disable (ACCeptor) bypass. Query state of bypass. Configure output triggers: Select input trigger line (1, 2, 3, or 4). Query input trigger line.
18-26 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Calculate subsystems There are three Calculate Subsystems. The CALC1 Subsystem is used for math expressions, CALC2 is used for limit tests, and CALC3 provides statistical data on readings stored in the buffer. The commands in these subsystems are summarized in Table 18-1.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-27 exist can be listed using the :CATalog? command. The actual math expression can be read using the :MATH? command. The built-in math expressions (except POWER) require a two-point sweep in order to perform the calculation. The “Program fragments” show how to configure the SourceMeter for these math expressions. When you want to create a new user-defined math expression, perform the following steps in order: 1.
18-28 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual +819 “Error parsing exponent” — Occurs when a floating point number has an invalid exponent. +820 “Error parsing value” — Occurs when an invalid floating point number is entered. +821 “Invalid data handle index” — An invalid array index value was assigned to a vectored expression. Array indices start at 0 and can be as high as 2499. Notes: • Up to five user-defined math expressions can be created.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-29 Query :UNITs? Query units for user-defined calculation Description This command is used to specify the units suffix name for a userdefined math calculation. Use three ASCII characters for the units suffix name. If using fewer than three characters, add spaces to the right of the units name in the string.
18-30 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Expressions are evaluated according to the following precedence rules: 1. Enclosed by parentheses 2. Unary operators (+ and -) 3. ^ (exponentiation) 4. * (multiplication) and / (division) 5. + (addition) and - (subtraction) 6. Left to right. The readings used for the calculation depend on how the SourceMeter is configured.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-31 The above expression defines a vector array that is made up of 10 readings. Since the SourceMeter is programmed to perform 10 sourcemeasure operations, the calculation will yield one result every 10 SDM cycles. The fourth voltage reading (vector 3) and the 10th voltage reading (vector 9) are used for the calculation. Now assume that the SourceMeter is configured to perform 20 source-measure operations.
18-32 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 6. subsystem,” page 18-47.) The *RST and :SYSTem:PRESet default is ASCII. When brackets ([]) are left out of an expression, it is assumed that it is referencing the first vector point in the array (i.e., VOLT is the same as VOLT[0]).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual NOTE SCPI Command Reference 18-33 See Appendix C, “Data Flow,” for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various operation blocks of the SourceMeter. It clarifies the type of readings that are acquired by the various commands to read data. :LATest? :CALCulate[1]:DATA:LATest? Description Read latest CALC1 result This command works exactly like CALC1:DATA? except that it returns only the latest CALC1 result.
18-34 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Null feed reading OFFSet :CALCulate2:NULL:OFFSet Specify null offset (REL) for feed Parameters = -9.999999e20 to 9.999999e20 Specify null offset value Query :OFFSet? Description This command lets you establish a null offset (REL) for the selected feed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual NOTE SCPI Command Reference 18-35 See Appendix C, “Data Flow,” for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various operation blocks of the SourceMeter. It clarifies the type of readings that are acquired by the various commands to read data. LATest? :CALCulate2:DATA:LATest? Description Read latest CALC2 data This command works exactly like CALC2:DATA, except it returns only the latest null offset or limit result.
18-36 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Description These commands are used to set the upper and lower limits for LIMIT 2, LIMIT 3, and LIMIT 5 through LIMIT 12 tests. The actual limit depends on which measurement function is currently selected. For example, a limit value of 1µ is 1µA for the amps function and 1µV for the volts function. A limit value is not range sensitive. A limit of 2 for volts is 2V on all measurement ranges.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-37 convert the decimal value to its binary, octal, or hexadecimal equivalent.
18-38 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference PASS:SOURce2 | NDN :CALCulate2:LIMitx:PASS:SOURce2 | NOTE Set sorting mode pass pattern (x = 2, 3, 5-12) The above command to set the pass pattern for the sorting mode is invalid for the Model 2401 and will cause an undefined header error.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-39 FAIL? :CALCulate2:LIMit[1]:FAIL? :CALCulate2:LIMitx:FAIL? Description Read LIMIT 1 test result Read LIMIT x test result (x = 2, 3, 5-12) These commands are used to read the results of LIMIT 1, LIMIT 2, LIMIT 3, and LIMIT 5 to LIMIT 12 tests: 0 = Limit test passed 1 = Limit test failed The response message (0 or 1) only tells you if a limit test has passed or failed.
18-40 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference For the sorting mode, this command defines the 3-bit or 4-bit output pass pattern for the Limit 1 test (compliance) when Limits 2, 3, 5-12 are disabled. FAIL:SOURce2 | :CALCulate2:CLIMits:FAIL:SOURce2 | NOTE Specify fail pattern The above command to set the composite fail pattern for the Model 2401 is invalid and will cause an undefined header error.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-41 1) in the list regardless of the outcome of the test (PASS or FAIL condition). When a memory location is specified with FAIL, the sweep will branch to that location on a failure. If not (PASS condition), the sweep proceeds to the next memory location in the list.
18-42 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference the first contact check (optional), compliance, hi, or low failure. Otherwise, the CALC2:CLIM:PASS:SOUR2 pattern will be output. In SORTing mode, a reading will fail if it fails the contact check test, the compliance test, or is not within any of the Digital I/O Bands. If the tests pass and only LIMIT 1 or 4 is enabled, CALC2:CLIM:PASS:SOUR2 pattern will be output.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference CALCulate3 18-43 Provides statistical data on buffer readings Select statistic FORMat :CALCulate3:FORMat Parameters = Specify CALC3 format MEAN SDEViation MAXimum MINimum PKPK Mean value of readings in buffer Standard deviation of readings in buffer Largest reading in buffer Lowest reading in buffer MAXimum - MINimum Query :FORMat? Query programmed math format Description This command is used to select the desi
18-44 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference If the buffer is configured to store the result of CALC1 or CALC2 (:TRACe:FEED CALC1 or CALC2), only one result will be returned by this query command. Notes: 1. If there is no data in the buffer, error -230, “Data corrupt or stale,” will be generated. 2. If there are a lot of readings stored in the buffer, some statistic operations may take too long and cause a bus time-out error.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-45 ENABle :DISPlay:ENABle Control display circuitry Parameters = 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable display circuitry Enable display circuitry Query :ENABle? Description This command is used to enable and disable the front panel display circuitry. When disabled, the instrument operates at a higher speed. While disabled, the display is frozen with the following message: FRONT PANEL DISABLED Press LOCAL to resume.
18-46 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Read display DATA? :DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:DATA? :DISPlay:WINDow2:DATA? Description Read top display Read bottom display These query commands are used to read what is currently being displayed on the top and bottom displays. After sending one of these commands and addressing the SourceMeter to talk, the displayed data (message or reading) will be sent to the computer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Description SCPI Command Reference 18-47 These commands enable and disable the text message modes. When enabled, a defined message is displayed. When disabled, the message is removed from the display. GPIB Operation — A user defined text message remains displayed only as long as the instrument is in remote. Taking the instrument out of remote (by pressing the LOCAL key or sending LOCAL 27) cancels the message and disables the text message mode.
18-48 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Figure 18-1 also shows the byte order of the data string. Data elements not specified by the :ELEMents command are simply not included in the string. Keep in mind that the byte order can only be reversed for the binary format. (See “BORDer ,” page 18-54, command.) Figure 18-1 ASCII data format +1.000206E+00, +1.000000E-04, +1.000236E+04, +7.282600E+01, +4.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-49 one piece. The header (#0) can be read separately before the rest of the string. The number of bytes to be transferred can be calculated as follows: Bytes=2+(Rdgs × 4) + 1 where 2 is the number of bytes for the header (#0). Rdgs is the product of the number of selected data elements, arm count, and trigger count. 4 is the number of bytes for each reading. 1 is the byte for the terminator.
18-50 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual sourced or measured, the NAN (not a number) value of +9.91e37 is used. CURRent — This element provides the current measurement or the programmed current source reading. If sourcing current and measuring current, this element will provide the current measurement (measure reading takes priority over source reading). If current is not sourced or measured, the NAN (not a number) value of +9.91e37 is used.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-51 Bit 17 (Offset Compensation) — Set to 1 if Offset Compensated Ohms is enabled. Bit 18 — Contact check failure (see Appendix F). Bits 19, 20 and 21 (Limit Results) — Provides limit test results (see grading and sorting modes below). Bit 22 (Remote Sense) — Set to 1 if 4-wire remote sense selected. Bit 23 (Pulse Mode) — Set to 1 if in the Pulse Mode. Description Bits 8, 9, and 19-21 flag pass/fail conditions for the various limits tests.
18-52 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Grading mode status bit values: Result1 Bit #: 21 20 19 9 8 Meas.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-53 Example reading string The example ASCII reading string shown in Figure 18-1 shows a measurement of a 10kΩ resistor, with the SourceMeter configured to Source I Measure V. The voltage reading is the voltage measurement (1.000236V), the current reading is the current source value (100Ω, and the operation was performed 72.826 seconds after the SourceMeter was turned on (or after timestamp was reset).
18-54 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Byte order BORDer :FORMat:BORDer Specify binary byte order Parameters = Query :BORDer? Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE-754 binary formats.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-55 When a status register is queried, the response message is a value that indicates which bits in the register are set.
18-56 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Output enable line STATe :OUTPut[1]:IENABle[:STATe] Control output enable Parameters = 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable output enable Enable output enable Query :STATe? Description This command is used to enable or disable the output enable. When enabled, the source cannot be turned on unless the output enable line (pin 8 of the rear panel OUTPUT ENBLE connector) is pulled to a logic low state.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-57 With NORMal selected, the V-Source is selected and set to 0V when the output is turned off. Compliance is set to 0.5% full scale of the present current range. In the ZERO output-off state when the V-Source OUTPUT is turned off, the V-Source is set to 0V and current compliance is not changed. When the I-Source OUTPUT is turned off, the V-Source mode is selected and set to 0V.
18-58 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference SENSe1 subsystem The Sense1 subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the SourceMeter. Many of the commands are global, where a single command affects all functions. Some commands are unique to a specific function. For example, you can program a unique range setting for each basic function (amps, volts, and ohms). A function does not have to be selected before you can program its various configurations.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-59 [:ON] OFF [:SENSe[1]]:FUNCtion[:ON] [:SENSe[1]]:FUNCtion:OFF Parameters NOTE Specify functions to be enabled Specify functions to be disabled = “CURRent[:DC]” Amps measurement function “VOLTage[:DC]” Volts measurement function “RESistance” Ohms measurement function Each function in the list must be enclosed in quotes (double or single) and separated by a
18-60 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference ALL [:SENSe[1]]:FUNCtion[:ON]:ALL [:SENSe[1]]:FUNCtion:OFF:ALL Description NOTE Enable all measurement functions Disable all measurement functions This command is used to enable or disable all measurement functions. When enabled (:ON:ALL), amps, volts, and ohms measurements will be performed simultaneously if concurrent measurements are enabled. (See “CONCurrent ,” page 18-58.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-61 RESistance:MODE [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:MODE Select ohms measurement mode Parameters = Manual ohms mode Auto ohms mode Query :MODE? Description This command is used to select the ohms measurement mode. With MANual ohms selected, the user must configure the source and measure aspects of the operation. When the ohms function is selected, the ohms reading is simply the result of the V/I calculation.
18-62 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Select measurement range Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You cannot select a current measurement range if sourcing current. Conversely, you cannot select a voltage measurement range if sourcing voltage. Also, autorange cannot be enabled for those source-measure configurations. The programmed source range determines measurement range. You cannot select an ohms measurement range if in manual ohms (you must be in auto ohms).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-63 [:UPPer] [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe[:UPPer] |UP|DOWN Select range for amps [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe[:UPPer] |UP|DOWN Select range for volts [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:RANGe[:UPPer] |UP|DOWN Select range for ohms Parameters 2400 = -1.05 to 1.05 -210 to 210 0 to 2.1e8 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2400-LV and 2401 = -1.05 to 1.05 -21 to 21 0 to 2.1e8 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2410 = -1.05 to 1.
18-64 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference MAXimum UP DOWN 2430 Pulse Mode = -10.5 to 10.5 -105 to 105 0 to 2.1e7 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2440 = -5.25 to 5.25 -42 to 42 0 to 2.1e7 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 3.15 (amps), 105 (volts), 2.1e7 (ohms) Select next higher measurement range Select next lower measurement range Expected reading in amps Expected reading in volts Expected reading in ohms 1.05e-4 (amps), 21 (volts), 2.1e5 (ohms) -10.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-65 Select auto range AUTO [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:RANGe:AUTO Control auto ranging for amps Control auto ranging for volts Control auto ranging for ohms Parameters = Disable auto range Enable auto range Query :AUTO? Description This command is used to control auto ranging.
18-66 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference ULIMit [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO:ULIMit? [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO:ULIMit? [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:RANGe:AUTO:ULIMit Query auto ranging upper limit for amps Query auto ranging upper limit for volts Set auto ranging upper limit for ohms Parameters = Ohms upper limit (2400 and 2410) Ohms upper limit (2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440) Query :ULIMit? Description Auto range upper limits are intended primarily
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Set compliance parameters [:LEVel] [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:PROTection[:LEVel] [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:PROTection[:LEVel] Parameters 2400 = -1.05 to 1.05 -210 to 210 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2400-LV and 2401 = -1.05 to 1.05 -21 to 21 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2410 = -1.05 to 1.05 -1100 to 1100 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2420 = -3.15 to 3.15 -63 to 63 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2425 and 2430 DC Mode = -3.15 to 3.
18-68 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference MAXimum 5.25A, 42V Query :LEVel? :LEVel? DEFault :LEVel? MINimum :LEVel? MAXimum Description This command is used to set compliance limits. A current compliance limit is set for the V-Source, and a voltage compliance limit is set for the I-Source. The SourceMeter cannot source levels that exceed these specified limits.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-69 Set measurement speed NPLCycles [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:NPLCycles [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:NPLCycles Set speed (PLC) Set speed (PLC) Set speed (PLC) Parameters Power-line cycles per integration 1 0.01 10 = 0.01 to 10 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Model 2430 Pulse Mode: = 0.01 to 0.1 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Power-line cycles per integration 0.1 0.01 0.
18-70 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Configure and control filter NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, filtering is not used. Therefore, the following filter commands are not valid for the Model 2430 Pulse Mode. TCONtrol [:SENSe[1]]:AVERage:TCONtrol Select filter type Parameters = Repeating filter Moving filter Query :TCONtrol? Description This command is used to select the type of averaging filter (REPeat or MOVing).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-71 [:STATe] [:SENSe[1]]:AVERage[:STATe] Enable or disable filter Parameters = Query :STATe? Description These commands are used to enable or disable the digital averaging filter. When enabled, voltage, current, and resistance readings are filtered according to how the filter is configured.
18-72 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference AUTO :SOURce[1]:CLEar:AUTO :SOURce[1]:CLEar:AUTO:MODE Parameters Control auto out-put off Select auto mode = 1 or ONEnable auto output-off = 0 or OFFDisable auto output-off = ALWAYS TCOunt On/off with each SDM cycle Off after trigger count Query :AUTO? :MODE? Description This command is used to control auto output-off for the source.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-73 [:MODE] :SOURce[1]:FUNCtion[:MODE] Select source mode Parameters = Select voltage mode Select current mode Select memory mode Query [:MODE]? Description This command is used to select the source mode. With VOLTage selected, the V-Source will be used, and with CURRent selected, the I-Source will be used. With MEMory selected, a memory sweep can be performed.
18-74 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Select range RANGe :SOURce[1]:CURRent:RANGe :SOURce[1]:VOLTage:RANGe Parameters Select range for I-Source Select range for V-Source 2400/2400-LV/2401 = -1.05 to 1.05 -210 to 210 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2410 = -1.05 to 1.05 -1100 to 1100 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2420 = -3.15 to 3.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 2425 and 2430 DC Mode = -3.15 to 3.15 -105 to 105 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2430 Pulse Mode = -10.5 to 10.5 -105 to 105 DEFault MINimum MAXimum UP DOWN 2440 = -5.25 to 5.
18-76 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference As listed in the “Parameters,” you can also use the MINimum, MAXimum and DEFault parameters to manually select the source range. The UP parameter selects the next higher source range, while DOWN selects the next lower source range. Note that source range can be selected automatically by the instrument (see next command).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-77 Set amplitude for fixed source [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] :SOURce[1]:CURRent[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] Set fixed I-Source amplitude immediately :SOURce[1]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] Set fixed V-Source amplitude immediately Parameters 2400/2400-LV/2401 = -1.05 to 1.
18-78 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Query :CURRent? :CURRent? DEFault :CURRent? MINimum :CURRent? MAXimum :VOLTage? :VOLTage? DEFault :VOLTage? MINimum :VOLTage? MAXimum Description This command is used to immediately update the amplitude of a fixed source. This command is not valid for the list or sweep mode.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 2425 and 2430 DC Mode = -3.15 to 3.15 -105 to 105 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2430 Pulse Mode = -10.5 to 10.5 -105 to 105 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2440 = -5.25 to 5.25 -42 to 42 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 18-79 Set I-Source amplitude (amps) Set V-Source amplitude (volts) 0A or 0V -3.15A or -105V +3.15A or +105V Set I-Source amplitude (amps) Set V-Source amplitude (volts) 0A or 0V -10.5A or -105V +10.
18-80 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 80 100 120 160 161 to 210 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2401 = 2410 = 2420 = Set limit to 80V Set limit to 100V Set limit to 120V Set limit to 160V Set limit to 210V (NONE) Set limit to 210V (NONE) Set limit to 20V Set limit to 210V (NONE) -40 to 40 20 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Specify V-Source limit Set limit to 20V Set limit to 40V (NONE) Set limit to 20V Set limit to 40V (NONE) -1100 to 1100 20 40 100 200 300 400 500 501 to
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 2440 = SCPI Command Reference 50 60 80 81 to 105 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Set limit to 50V Set limit to 60V Set limit to 80V Set limit to NONE Set limit to 105V (NONE) Set limit to 10V Set limit to 105V (NONE) -42 to 42 4 8 12 16 20 24 32 33 to 42 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Specify V-Source limit Set limit to 4V Set limit to 8V Set limit to 12V Set limit to 16V Set limit to 20V Set limit to 24V Set limit to 32V Set limit to NONE Set limit to 42V (NONE) Set limit
18-82 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference WARNING Even with the voltage protection limit set to the lowest value (20V), NEVER touch anything connected to the terminals of the SourceMeter when the OUTPUT is ON. Always assume that a hazardous voltage (>30V rms) is present when the OUTPUT is ON. To prevent damage to DUT (devices-under-test) or external circuitry, DO NOT program the V-Source to levels that exceed the voltage protection limit.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-83 Configure voltage and current sweeps There are two methods to configure the start and stop levels of a sweep. You can use either the :STARt and :STOP commands or you can use the :CENTer and :SPAN commands. NOTE In order to run a sweep, the selected source must be in the sweep sourcing mode and the trigger count should be the same as the number of sourcemeasure points in the sweep.
18-84 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference on a linear scale. With LOGarithmic selected, the source-measure points will be performed on a logarithmic scale.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 2440 = SCPI Command Reference -5.25 to 5.25 -42 to 42 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 18-85 Set I-Source level (amps) Set V-Source level (volts) 0A or 0V -5.25A or -42V +5.25A or +42V Query :STARt? :STARt? DEFault :STARt? MINimum :STARt? MAXimum :STOP? :STOP? DEFault :STOP? MINimum :STOP? MAXimum Description These commands are used to specify the start and stop levels for a sweep.
18-86 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference CENTer SPAN :SOURce[1]:CURRent:CENTer :SOURce[1]:VOLTage:CENTer :SOURce[1]:CURRent:SPAN :SOURce[1]:VOLTage:SPAN Parameters Specify center point of current sweep Specify center point of voltage sweep Specify span of the current sweep Specify span of the voltage sweep 2400/2400-LV/2401 = -2.1 to 2.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-87 Query :CENTer? :CENTer? DEFault :CENTer? MINimum :CENTER? MAXimum :SPAN? :SPAN? DEFault :SPAN? MINimum :SPAN? MAXimum Query center point for sweep Query *RST default level Query lowest allowable level Query highest allowable level Query span for sweep Query *RST default level Query lowest allowable level Query highest allowable level Description A sweep can be configured by specifying center and span parameters.
18-88 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 2420 = -6.3 to 6.3 -128 to 128 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2425 and 2430 DC Mode = -6.3 to 6.3 -210 to 210 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2430 Pulse Mode = -21 to 21 -210 to 210 DEFault MINimum MAXimum 2440 = -10.5 to 10.5 -42 to 42 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Set I-Source level (amps) Set V-Source level (volts) 0A or 0V -6.3A or -128V +6.3A or +128V Set I-Source level (amps) Set V-Source level (volts) 0A or 0V -6.3A or -210V +6.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-89 Note that the :STEP and :POINts commands are coupled. Changing the step size also changes the number of source-measure points. Conversely, changing the number of source-measure points changes the step size.
18-90 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference DIRection :SOURce[1]:SWEep:DIRection Set direction of sweep Parameters = Run sweep from start to stop Run sweep from stop to start Query :DIRection? Description Normally, a sweep is run from the start level to the stop level. The :STARt and :STOP, or :CENTer and :SPAN commands are used to set these levels. This command lets you change the execution direction of the sweep.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-91 Configure list CURRent VOLTage :SOURce[1]:LIST:CURRent :SOURce[1]:LIST:VOLTage Parameters Define I-Source list Define V-Source list = NRf, NRf … NRf 2400/2400-LV/2401 NRf = -1.05 to 1.05 -210 to 210 2410 NRf = 2420 NRf = I-Source value V-Source value (-21 to 21, 2400-LV and 2401) -1.05 to 1.05 -1100 to 1100 I-Source value V-Source value -3.15 to 3.
18-92 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Use the :FUNCtion:MODE command to select the current or voltage source function. (See “Select function modes,” page 18-72.) Use the :CURRent:MODE or VOLTage:MODE command to select the LIST sourcing mode. (See “Select sourcing mode,” page 18-73.) The trigger count is set using the TRIGger:COUNt command. (See “TRIGger subsystem,” page 18-116.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-93 STARt :SOURce[1]:LIST:CURRent:STARt :SOURce[1]:LIST:VOLTaget:STARt Set current list start point Set voltage list start point Parameters = Set start point of list sweep 1 100 1 Description These commands set the starting point in the current or voltage list sweep. The parameter is 1-based, and it must be less than or equal to the number of points in the sweep.
18-94 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference SAVE :SOURce[1]:MEMory:SAVE Save setup in specified memory location Parameters = 1 to 100 Specify memory location Description This command is used to save the present instrument setup in a memory location. Up to 100 setups can be saved.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-95 where: X = 2, 3 and 5 through 12 CALCulate2:CLIMits:PASS:SOURce2 CALCulate2:CLIMits:PASS:SMLocation TRIGger:DELay (Model 2430 in DC Mode) Contact check commands (Appendix F) After saving the desired setups in consecutive memory locations (unless branching, see CALC2:CLIM:PASS:SML), use the :POINts command to specify how many sweep points to perform and the :STARt command to specify where to start from.
18-96 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference Description NOTE :SFAC instructs the SourceMeter to source the scaling factor times the previous source memory location value. For example, if 10.0V is stored in the first source memory (Source I, Measure V Mode), and the unit is in the Source V, Measure I mode with :SFAC set to 0.1 and enabled, the unit will output 1.0V for the second source memory location. These commands work only with source memory sweeps.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-97 Pulse Mode delays (Model 2430 only) WIDth :SOURce[1]:PULSe:WIDTh Parameters = onds Specify pulse width 0.00015 to 0.00500 Specify pulse width in sec- MINimum MAXimum DEFault 0.00015 seconds 0.00500 seconds 0.00015 seconds Query :WIDTh? :WIDTh? DEFault :WIDTh? MINimum :WIDTh? MAXimum Description This command is used to set the pulse width for the Model 2430 Pulse Mode.
18-98 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference SOURce2 The following commands are used to set the logic level of the digital output lines and control the pulse width of limit test output patterns that are sent to component handlers. Limit tests are configured and controlled from the CALCulate2 Subsystem. For details on limit testing, see Section 12, “Limit Testing.” NOTE All the SOURce2 commands are invalid for the Model 2401 and will cause undefined header errors.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-99 MODE :SOURce2:TTL4:MODE Control Digital I/O port line 4 mode Parameters = EOTest BUSY Use line 4 as EOT signal Use line 4 as BUSY signal Query :MODE? Description This command controls the operation of Digital I/O line 4 to act as either an End-of-Test or Busy signal in the 3-bit output mode. EOT is not automatically controlled in 4-bit mode. (See “BSIZe ,” page 18-99.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-100 SCPI Command Reference AUTO :SOURce2:CLEar:AUTO Control auto-clear for digital output Parameters = 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable auto-clear Enable auto-clear Query :AUTO? Description This command is used to enable or disable auto-clear for the digital output lines. When enabled, the output pattern will clear automatically after the “pass or fail” output bit pattern of a limit test is sent to a handler via the digital output lines.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-101 STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem is used to control the status registers of the SourceMeter. The commands in this subsystem are summarized in Table 18-8. NOTE These registers and the overall status structure are fully explained in Section 15, “Status Structure.
18-102 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Select default conditions PRESet :STATus:PRESet Description NOTE Return registers to default conditions When this command is sent, the following SCPI event registers are cleared to zero (0): 1. Operation Event Enable Register. 2. Event Enable Register. 3. Measurement Event Enable Register. The Standard Event Register is not affected by this command.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-103 DISable :STATus:QUEue:DISable Parameters Disable messages for Error Queue = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the Error Queue. Query :DISable? Query list of disabled messages Description On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur. Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-104 SCPI Command Reference Description This command is used to select the power-on defaults. With RST selected, the instrument powers up to the *RST default conditions. With PRES selected, the instrument powers up to the :SYStem:PRESet default conditions. Default conditions are listed in the SCPI tables (Table 18-1 through Table 18-11).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Description NOTE SCPI Command Reference 18-105 This command is used to enable or disable remote sensing. When using remote sensing, 4-wire connections to the DUT are required. Sourcing voltage — With remote sensing enabled, the output voltage is sensed (measured) at the DUT. If the sensed voltage is lower than the programmed amplitude, then the V-Source increases the voltage until the sensed voltage is the same as the programmed amplitude.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-106 SCPI Command Reference Initialize memory INITialize :SYSTem:MEMory:INITialize Description Initializes battery backed RAM When this command is used, the following actions to initialize battery backed RAM occur: • TRACe (data store) data is lost, buffer size is reset to 100, and timestamp is set to the absolute format. • SOURce1:LIST:CURR and VOLT are reset to 0A and 0V, respectively. • Deletes all user-defined math expressions. (See “CALCulate[1]” subsystem.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-107 STATe :SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe Enable or disable beeper Parameters = 1 or ON 0 or OFF Enable beeper Disable beeper Query :STATe? Description This command is used to enable or disable the beeper. When enabled, a short beep is provided to signal that a front panel key has been pressed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-108 SCPI Command Reference command, user setup recall (*RCL), or a source memory recall (:SOUR:MEM command or during a source memory sweep), NPLC caching will occur. If the integration rate is already stored in the cache, the stored reference and zero values are recalled and used. Otherwise, a reference and zero value are acquired and stored in the cache. If there are already 10 NPLC values stored, the oldest one will be overwritten by the newest one.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-109 Error queue NOTE See Section 15 for details on the error queue. [:NEXT]? :SYSTem:ERRor[:NEXT]? Description NOTE Read oldest error (code and message) As error and status messages occur, they are placed in the Error Queue. The Error Queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) register that can hold up to 10 messages.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-110 SCPI Command Reference Simulate key presses KEY :SYSTem:KEY Simulate key-press Parameters = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 RANGE up arrow key SOURCE down arrow key left arrow key MENU key FCTN key FILTER key SPEED key EDIT key AUTO key right arrow key EXIT key V (SOURCE) key LIMITS key STORE key V (MEAS) key TOGGLE key RANGE down arrow key ENTER key I (SOURCE) key TRIG key RECALL key I (M
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-111 The queue for the :KEY? query command can only hold one keypress. When :KEY? is sent over the bus, and the SourceMeter is addressed to talk, the key-press code number for the last key pressed (either physically or with :KEY) is sent to the computer. The key-press code number for the last key pressed (either physically or with :key) is sent to the computer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-112 SCPI Command Reference Read version of SCPI standard VERSion? :SYSTem:VERSion? Description Read SCPI version This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard being used by the SourceMeter. Example code: 1996.0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard. RS-232 interface LOCal :SYSTem:LOCal Description Take SourceMeter out of remote Normally, during RS-232 communications, front panel keys are operational.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-113 Reset timestamp RESet :SYSTem:TIME:RESet Description Reset timestamp This action command is used to reset the absolute timestamp to 0 seconds. The timestamp also resets to 0 seconds every time the Source-Meter is turned on.
18-114 SCPI Command Reference 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual TRACe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control data storage into the buffer. The commands are summarized in Table 18-10. :TRACe|:DATA The bar (|) indicates that :TRACe or :DATA can be used as the root command for this subsystem. From this point on, the documentation in this manual uses :TRACe. If you prefer to use :DATA, simply replace all the :TRACe command words with :DATA.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-115 POINts :TRACe:POINts Specify buffer size Parameters = 1 to 2500 MINimum MAXimum DEFault Specify buffer size 1 2500 100 Query :POINts? :POINts? MINimum :POINts? MAXimum :POINts? DEFault Description This command is used to specify the size of the buffer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-116 SCPI Command Reference Description This command is used to select the buffer control. When NEXT is selected, the asterisk (*) annunciator turns on to indicate that the buffer is enabled. The storage process starts when SourceMeter is taken out of idle to perform source-measure operations. After the buffer stores the specified number of reading arrays (as set by the :POINTs command), the asterisk annuciator turns off to indicate that storage is done.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-117 Initiate source/measure cycle INITiate :INITiate[:IMMediate] Description WARNING Take SourceMeter out of idle state This command is used to initiate source-measure operation by taking the SourceMeter out of idle. The :READ? and :MEASure? commands also perform an initiation. Note that if auto output-off is disabled (SOURce1:CLEar:AUTO OFF), the source output must first be turned on before an initiation can be performed.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-118 SCPI Command Reference NOTE The product of arm count and trigger count cannot exceed 2500. Query :COUNt? :COUNt? DEFault :COUNt? MINimum :COUNt? MAXimum Description This command is used to specify how many times an operation is performed in the specified layer of the trigger model.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-119 SOURce :ARM[:SEQuence[1]][LAYer[1]]:SOURce :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:SOURce Parameters NOTE = IMMediate TLINk TIMer MANual BUS NSTest PSTest BSTest Specify arm event control source Specify trigger event control source Pass operation through immediately Select Trigger Link trigger as event Select timer as event Select manual event Select bus trigger as event Select low SOT pulse as event Select high SOT puls
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 18-120 SCPI Command Reference TIMer :ARM[:SEQuence[1]][:LAYer[1]]:TIMer Set interval for arm layer timer Parameters = 0.001 to 9999.999 Specify timer interval in seconds 10000.00 to 99999.99Specify timer interval in seconds Query :TIMer? Description These commands are used to set the interval for the timer. Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual SCPI Command Reference 18-121 The Delay Event Detector will be disabled since the DELay parameter is not included in the above event list. NOTE To disable all the Trigger Layer event detectors, the NONE parameter must be sent alone (i.e. trigger:input none). If it is listed with any of the other parameters, NONE will be ignored.
18-122 SCPI Command Reference NOTE 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Each event in the list must be separated by a comma. (i.e., :arm:output source, delay, sense). Query :OUTPut? Description This command is used to specify when trigger pulses occur on the specified output trigger line of the Trigger Link (see “OLINe ,” page 18-121). Arm Layer Triggers — With TEXit selected, an output trigger will occur when exiting the trigger layer.
A Specifications
A-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications Accuracy calculations The information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both sense and source functions. Measure accuracy Measurement accuracy is calculated as follows: Accuracy = ±(% of reading + offset) As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits, assume that you are measuring 10V on the 20V range.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications A-3 Source-Delay-Measure (SDM) cycle timing The following timing information assumes that the SourceMeter is being triggered externally via the Trigger Link. For Cases I through IV, it is assumed that the Output Auto-Off feature is enabled (:SOURce1:CLEar:AUTO ON), and the source setting changes for each triggered SDM cycle. The discussion is applicable for linear, log, and custom sweeps.
A-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications A/D conversion This is the time it takes to measure the specified A/D converter phase. In general, there are three A/D phases required to generate a voltage or current reading. These phases are often referred to as the signal, reference, and reference zero phases. The signal phase measures the input signal. The reference and reference zero phases are associated with a precision voltage reference inside the SourceMeter.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications A-5 Source On Time ≅ Source Configuration + Source Delay + (3 × A/D Conversion) + Firmware Overhead Example: Source Delay = 0µsec NPLC Setting = 0.01 PLC Power Line Frequency = 60Hz Source On Time≅ 50µsec + 0 + [(3× 0.01 × 1/60) + 185µsec] + 1.6msec ≅ 2.9msec for Source V ≅ 3.
A-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications Case III: Auto-Zero disabled and measuring one function Figure A-3 Case III Timing Diagram Trigger Latency Trigger Delay Source Configuration Source Delay A/D Conversion (current signal phase) Source On Time Trigger Event Source On Trigger Latency: Source Configuration: A/D Conversion: Firmware Overhead: Source Off 225µsec max 50µsec max [NPLC Setting × (1 / power line frequency)] + 185µsec 300µsec for Source V 640µsec for Source I Sour
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications A-7 Case IV: Auto-Zero disabled and all measurements disabled Figure A-4 Case IV Timing Diagram Trigger Latency Trigger Delay Source Configuration Source Delay Source On Time Trigger Event Trigger Latency: Source Configuration: Firmware Overhead: Source On Source Off 225µsec max 50µsec max 310µsec for Source V 590µsec for Source I Source On Time ≅ Source Configuration + Source Delay + Firmware Overhead Example: Source Delay = 0 Source On T
A-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Specifications Cases V and VI: Measure one function, Output Auto-Off disabled, and no source setting changes Figure A-5 Case V Timing Diagram Trigger Latency Trigger Delay A/D Conversion (signal phase) A/D Conversion (ref phase) A/D Conversion (ref zero phase) Source On Trigger Event Auto-Zero: Trigger Latency: Enabled 500µsec max Figure A-6 Case VI Timing Diagram Trigger Latency Trigger Delay A/D Conversion (signal phase) Source On Trigger Event A
B Status and Error Messages
B-2 Status and Error Messages 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Introduction This Appendix contains a summary of status and error messages, which status register bits are set when messages occur, and methods to avoid or eliminate most common SCPI errors. Status and error messages Table B-1 summarizes status and error messages, which are stored in the Error Queue. Each message is preceded by a code number.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages B-3 Table B-1 Status and error messages Number -440 Error message Event1 Status register2 Bit EE Standard Event 2 -430 -420 -410 -363 -362 -361 -360 -350 Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response Query DEADLOCKED Query UNTERMINATED Query INTERRUPTED Input buffer overrun Framing error in program message Parity error in program message Communications error Queue overflow EE EE EE EE EE EE EE SYS Standard Event Standard Event Sta
B-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Error message Event1 Status register2 Bit -178 -171 -170 -168 -161 -160 -158 -154 -151 -150 -148 Expression data not allowed Invalid expression Expression error Block data not allowed Invalid block data Block data error String data not allowed String too long Invalid string data String data error Character data not allowed EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE Standard Event Stan
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages B-5 Table B-1 (continued) Status and error messages Error message Event1 Status register2 Bit +100 +101 +102 +103 +104 +105 +106 +107 +108 +109 +110 +111 +112 +113 +114 Measurement events: Limit 1 failed Low limit 2 failed High limit 2 failed Low limit 3 failed High limit 3 failed Active limit tests passed Reading available Reading overflow Buffer available Buffer full Limit 4 failed OUTPUT enable asserted Temperature limit exceeded Vo
B-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Table B-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Error message Event1 Status register2 Bit +500 +501 +502 +503 +504 +505 +506 +507 +508 +509 +510 Calibration errors: Date of calibration not set Next date of calibration not set Calibration data invalid DAC calibration overflow DAC calibration underflow Source offset data invalid Source gain data invalid Measurement offset data invalid Measurement gain data invalid Not permitt
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages B-7 Table B-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number +811 +812 +813 +814 +815 +816 +817 +818 +819 +820 +821 +822 +823 +824 +825 +826 +827 +828 +829 +830 +831 +900 Error message Not an operator or number Mismatched parenthesis Not a number of data handle Mismatched brackets Too many parenthesis Entire expression not parsed Unknown token Error parsing mantissa Error parsing exponent Error parsing value Invalid data handle index Too sma
B-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Eliminating common SCPI errors There are three SCPI errors that occur more often than any others: • • • -113, “Undefined header” -410, “Query INTERRUPTED” -420, “Query UNTERMINATED” The following paragraphs discuss the most likely causes for these errors and methods for avoiding them. -113, “Undefined header” This error indicates that the command you sent to the instrument did not contain a recognizable command name.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual • Status and Error Messages B-9 Incorrectly configured IEEE-488 driver. The driver must be configured so that when talking on the bus it sends line-feed with EOI as the terminator, and when listening on the bus it expects line-feed with EOI as the terminator. See the reference manual for your particular IEEE-488 interface. -420, “Query UNTERMINATED” This error occurs when you address the instrument to talk, and there is no response message to send.
C Data Flow
C-2 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Flow Introduction Data flow for remote operation is summarized by the block diagram shown in Figure C-1. Refer to this block diagram for the following discussion.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Data Flow C-3 The SENSE block represents the basic measured readings of voltage, current, and resistance. If Filter is enabled, the readings will be filtered. The SENSE block also measures time for the timestamp. When the INITiate command is sent, the programmed number of source-measure operations are performed and the respective data is temporarily stored in the Sample Buffer.
C-4 Data Flow 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual CALCulate[1]:DATA? If CALCulate1 is enabled, Sample Buffer data is fed to the CALC1 block where the results for the selected math expression are calculated. The CALC1:DATA? command will read the results of the math expression. If, for example, 20 data arrays in the Sample Buffer yield 10 math expression results, then CALC1:DATA? will acquire 10 readings (results).
D IEEE-488 Bus Overview
D-2 IEEE-488 Bus Overview 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Introduction Basically, the IEEE-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller. Supervision by the controller consists of determining which device will talk and which device will listen.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview D-3 Bus description The IEEE-488 bus, which is also frequently referred to as the GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines. In keeping with this goal, the bus has only eight data lines that are used for both data and with most commands. Five bus management lines and three handshake lines round out the complement of bus signal lines.
D-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure D-1 IEEE-488 bus configuration To Other Devices Device 1 Able to Talk, Listen and Control (Computer) Data Bus Device 2 Able to Talk and Listen SourceMeter Data Byte Transfer Control Device 3 Only Able to Listen (Printer) General Interface Management Device 4 Only Able to Talk DIO 1–8 Data (8 Lines) DAV NRFD NDAC IFC ATN SRQ REN EOI Handshake Bus Management
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview D-5 Bus lines The signal lines on the IEEE-488 bus are grouped into three different categories: data lines, management lines, and handshake lines. The data lines handle bus data and commands, while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place. Each bus line is active low, with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 (true). The following paragraphs describe the operation of these lines.
D-6 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview DAV (DATA VALID) — The source controls the state of the DAV line to indicate to any listening devices whether or not data bus information is valid. NRFD (Not Ready For Data) — The acceptor controls the state of NRFD. It is used to signal to the transmitting device to hold off the byte transfer sequence until the accepting device is ready. NDAC (Not Data Accepted) — NDAC is also controlled by the accepting device.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview D-7 Table D-1 IEEE-488 bus command summary Command type Command State of ATN line Comments Uniline REN (Remote Enable) EOI IFC (Interface Clear) ATN (Attention) SRQ X X X Low X Set up devices for remote operation. Marks end of transmission. Clears interface. Defines data bus contents. Controlled by external device.
D-8 IEEE-488 Bus Overview 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Addressed multiline commands Addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands. Both the commands and the address preceding it are sent with ATN true. Address commands Addressed commands include two primary command groups and a secondary address group.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview D-9 Command codes Command codes for the various commands that use the data lines are summarized in Figure D-3. Hexadecimal and the decimal values for the various commands are listed in Table D-2.
D2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 D0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Column Row DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US 1 (A) X 0 0 1 SPE SPD DCL PPU* LLO 1 (B) Command UNIVERSAL COMMAND GROUP (UCG) GET TCT* SDC PPC* GTL 0 (B) Command ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP (ACG) NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI 0 (A) X 0 0 0 Primary Address SP ! "
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview D-11 IEEE command groups Command groups supported by the SourceMeter are listed in Table D-3. Common commands and SCPI commands are not included in this list.
D-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 Bus Overview Interface function codes The interface function codes, which are part of the IEEE-488 standards, define an instrument’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the SourceMeter are listed in Table D-4.
E IEEE-488 & SCPI Conformance Information
E-2 IEEE-488 & SCPI Conformance Information 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Introduction The IEEE-488.2 standard requires specific information about how the SourceMeter implements the standard. Paragraph 4.9 of the IEEE-488.2 standard (Std 488.2-1987) lists the documentation requirements. Table E-1 provides a summary of the requirements, and provides the information or references the manual for that information. Table E-2 lists the coupled commands used by the SourceMeter.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual IEEE-488 & SCPI Conformance Information E-3 Table E-1 IEEE-488 documentation requirements Requirements (1) (2) (3) (4) IEEE-488 Interface Function Codes. Behavior of SourceMeter when the address is set outside the range 0-30. Behavior of SourceMeter when valid address is entered. Power-On Setup Conditions. (5) Message Exchange Options: (a) Input buffer size. (b) Queries that return more than one response message unit.
E-4 IEEE-488 & SCPI Conformance Information 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table E-2 Coupled commands Command :SENSe...:RANGe:UPPER :SENSe...:NPLC :SOURce...:RANGe :SOURce...:STARt :SOURce...:STOP :SOURce...:STEP :SOURce...:POINts :SOURce...:CENTer :SOURce...:SPAN REN, GTL :SYSTem:MEMory:INITialize Also changes :SENSe...:RANGe:AUTO NPLC for all other functions :SOURce...:RANGe:AUTO :SOURce...:STEP :SOURce...:CENTer :SOURce...:SPAN :SOURce...:STEP :SOURce...:CENTer :SOURce...:SPAN :SOURce...
F Contact Check Function
F-2 Contact Check Function 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Introduction This appendix contains information on the contact check function available with the Models 2400-C, 2410-C, 2420-C, 2425-C, 2430-C, and 2440-C SourceMeters. Overview Description The contact check function prevents measurements that may be in error due to excessive resistance in the force or sense leads when making remotely sensed (Kelvin) measurements.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-3 Figure F-1 Source of Kelvin resistance errors Rs Rc DUT WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICA 5V PK HI 250V PEAK 250V PEAK 5V PEAK V, Ω, GUARD 5V PEAK GUARD SENSE LO 4-WIRE SENSE INPUT/ OUTPUT 250V PEAK IEEE-488 (ENTER IEEE ADDRESS WITH FRONT PANEL MENU) RS232 CAUTION: FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIR Operation DUT connections The contact check function can be used to verify satisfactory contact resistance to the DUT at
F-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Figure F-2 Contact check DUT connections Contact Being Tested WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICA 5V PK HI 250V PEAK 250V PEAK 5V PEAK V, W, GUARD 5V PEAK GUARD SENSE 4-WIRE SENSE LO INPUT/ OUTPUT 250V PEAK IEEE-488 (ENTER IEEE ADDRESS WITH FRONT PANEL MENU) RS232 CAUTION: FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FI Note: Jumper V, W, GUARD, and GUARD SENSE when not using during measurement.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-5 A contact check pass condition occurs when the resistance of the device-undertest connection paths are less than the selected threshold resistance value.
F-6 Contact Check Function 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Trigger model operation Contact check can be used with the SourceMeter trigger system to delay or completely prevent progression through the trigger model unless the contact check is in a pass state. In relation to the standard trigger models (Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-8), the contact check test is performed just before the SOURCE Action block in the trigger layer.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-7 Limit test sequence When enabled, the contact check limit test (Limit 4) is performed before all other limit tests, as shown in Figure F-3. Figure F-4 shows a flowchart for grading mode limit testing with contact check limit testing enabled, while Figure F-5 shows a flowchart for sorting mode limit testing, again with contact check limit testing enabled. See Section 12 for complete details on other limit tests.
F-8 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Figure F-4 Grading mode contact check limit testing Start Turn Output ON and press LIMIT key.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Figure F-5 Sorting mode contact check limit testing Start Turn Output ON and press LIMIT key.
F-10 Contact Check Function 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Binning failure indications (grading mode) As previously discussed, it is possible to place a fail pattern on the Digital I/O Port when contact check fails. It is important to note that, depending on whether source auto clear is enabled and when the bin control is done, certain issues arise when running a test with a normal voltage or current sweep and a source memory sweep.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-11 will start with a contact check for each sweep point and normal measurement operation if no other failures occur. Auto clear off, immediate binning Bin control at end of each point is sweep: :CALC2:CLIM:BCON IMM The output will remain on between each sweep point if no contact check failure occurs. If a contact check failure occurs before the execution of a sweep point, the output will be turned off for that point.
F-12 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Table F-2 (cont.) Contact check menu selections Menu item* Description MENU MAIN MENU A/D CTRL AUTO ZERO LINE FREQ NPLC CACHE CONT CHK DISABLE ENABLE Main menu. CONFIG TRIG CONFIGURE TRIGGER ARM LAYER TRIG LAYER HALT CONTACT CHECK DISABLE ENABLE Configure triggering. CONFIG SOURCE V or CONFIG MEAS Ω SENSE MODE 2 WIRE 4 WIRE Configure 4-wire sense mode for contact check. A/D control selection. Control NPLC caching.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual 7. 8. 9. Contact Check Function F-13 by pressing CONFIG V MEAS and selecting SENSE-MODE. These settings are all interrelated. Select 4 WIRE, then press ENTER. Press EXIT to return to normal display. Observe the display for an “OPEN LEAD” message when the contact check fails. Using event detection with contact check 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Enable contact check as previously explained. Press CONFIG then TRIG. Select CONTACT CHECK, then press ENTER.
F-14 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Remote contact check operation Contact check remote commands Table F-3 summarizes contact check remote commands. Commands specific to contact check operation are covered in detail later in this appendix, while remaining commands are covered in Section 18. Table F-3 Contact check remote commands Command *OPT? Queries installed options. Response message indicates the presence or absence of options.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-15 Table F-3 (cont.) Contact check remote commands Command :SYSTem:RSENse ON :SYSTem:RSENse? :SYSTem:CCHeck ON | OFF :SYSTem:CCHeck? :SYSTem:CCHEck:RESistance :SYSTem:CCHeck:RESistance? :TRIGger:SEQuence2:SOURce :TRIGger:SEQuence2:SOURce? :TRIGger:SEQuence2:TOUT :TRIGger:SEQuence2:TOUT? Description Enable 4-wire remote sense for contact check. Query sense selection. Enable/disable contact checking.
F-16 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function Table F-4 Contact check programming example Command *RST :SYST:CCH ON :SYST:CCH:RES 2 :SYST:RSEN ON :CALC2:LIM4:STAT ON :CALC2:LIM4:SOUR2 15 *:SENS:FUNC "RES" :TRIG:SEQ2:SOUR CCH :TRIG:SEQ2:TOUT 2 :OUTP ON :INIT :CALC2:LIM4:FAIL? Description Restore GPIB defaults. Enable contact check. Set 2Ω contact resistance. Enable 4-wire remote sense. Enable contact check pass/fail. Set Digital I/O bits all HI on failure. *Select ohms function.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-17 Contact check command reference Configure and control contact check CCHeck :SYSTem:CCHeck Parameters = Enable or disable contact check. 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable contact check Enable contact check Query :CCHeck? Query state of contact check Description This command is used to enable or disable contact check. When using contact check, remote sensing must be enabled (:SYST:RSEN ON).
F-18 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function FAIL? :CALCulate2:LIMit4:FAIL? Description Read LIMIT 4 test result This command is used to read the results of the LIMIT 4 test: 0 = Limit 4 test passed 1 = Limit 4 test failed NOTE Reading the results of the limit test does not clear the fail indication of the test. A failure can be cleared by sending a :SYSTem:CLEar command.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function F-19 Use the following table to determine the parameter value for the desired decimal digital output pattern. For non-decimal parameters, convert the decimal value to its binary, octal, or hexadecimal equivalent.
F-20 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Contact Check Function TOUT :TRIGger:SEQuence2:TOUT Specify contact check timeout Parameters = 0.00000 to 999.99990 (sec) Contact check timeout Query :TOUT? Description This command programs the contact check timeout interval. When contact event detection is enabled (“SOURce ,” page F-19), the SourceMeter will wait the specified timeout period before issuing an open lead failure and moving on to the next measurement.
G GPIB 488.
G-2 GPIB 488.1 Protocol 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Introduction The SourceMeter supports two GPIB protocols: SCPI and 488.1. The 488.1 protocol is included to significantly increase speed over the GPIB. When using the 488.1 protocol, throughput is enhanced up to 10 times for data sent to the SourceMeter (command messages) and up to 20 times for data returned by the Source-Meter (response messages).
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual GPIB 488.1 Protocol G-3 0 = 488.1 protocol Protocol differences The following information covers the differences between the 488.1 protocol and the SCPI protocol. Message exchange protocol (MEP) When the 488.1 protocol is selected, the MEP is disabled to speed up GPIB operation. The following guidelines/limitations must be followed when using the 488.
G-4 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual GPIB 488.1 Protocol Using SCPI-based programs In general, an existing SCPI-based program will run properly and faster in the 488.1 protocol as long as it meets the above guidelines and limitations. NRFD hold-off *OPC, *OPC?, and *WAI are still functional but are not needed for the 488.1 protocol. When sending commands, the GPIB is automatically held off when it detects a terminator.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual GPIB 488.1 Protocol G-5 Trigger-on-talk Trigger-on-talk functionality has been added for the 488.1 protocol. If a query has not been received by the instrument, the SourceMeter will automatically assume a READ? command has been sent when it is addressed to talk. This technique increases GPIB speed by decreasing the transmission and parser times for the command.
Index Index 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Numerics 2-wire local sensing 2-7 4-wire remote sensing 2-7 6-wire ohms measurements 4-12 A Abort 10-5 Accessories 1-3 Acquiring readings 17-3 Adapters 1-3 Auto ohms measurements 4-4 Auto ranging 7-3 Auto zero 3-10 Disable/enable 5-11 Front panel 3-10 Remote command 3-10 Auto-clear 12-14, 12-15 B Basic circuit configurations 3-9 Measure only (V or I) 6-25 Source I 6-23 Source V 6-24 Binning 12-10 Basic systems 12-13 Contact check function F-6 Digital o
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Determining limit 6-4 Examples 6-4 Maximum values 6-3 Setting front panel compliance limit 3-8 Setting remote compliance limit 3-8 Types 6-2 Compliance limit 6-2 Setting 3-8 compliance parameters 18-66, 18-67 Compliance range synchronization 3-8 Configuration measurement function 17-2 Configure OUTPUT menu 13-8 Connections 2-1 Connections to DUT 2-3 Contact check function F-1 Command reference F-17 Defaults F-20 Front panel operation F-11 Operation F-3 Programming exa
Index 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Limit testing 12-19 Math 8-6 Menus 1-19 Output configuration 13-7 Pulse Mode configuration 5-10 Pulse Mode sweep procedure 10-25 Relative 8-2 Sense selection 2-12 Source delay 3-13 Source-measure procedure 3-15 Speed control 7-7 Sweep 10-12 Terminals selection 2-2 Triggering 11-2 V-source protection 3-12 Front panel summary 1-6 Front panel tests 1-14 Front/rear terminals selection 2-2 Fuse replacement 1-11 Interface function codes D-12 Lines D-5 Overview D-1 I
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Index Message exchange protocol 14-13 Multiple-element device binning 12-13 Remote operation 13-12 Output Enable Line 13-6 Output-off states 13-9 Overheating Conditions 6-6 Protection 6-6 Overview 1-5 N NPLC caching 3-11 O Offset-compensated ohms (math function) 8-4 Ohms 4-9 6-wire measurements 4-12 Auto measurements 4-4 Configuration menu 4-2 Enabling/disabling offset compensation 4-8 Guard 2-9, 6-28 Manual measurements 4-5 Measurement methods 4-3 Measurements 4-
Index 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Rear panel summary 1-7 Registers Bit descriptions 15-11 Clearing 15-4 Condition 15-16 Event 15-16 Event enable 15-17 Measurement event 15-13 Operation event 15-12 Questionable event 15-15 Reading 15-6 Serial polling and SRQ 15-9 Service request enable 15-9 Standard event 15-11 Status byte 15-8 Relative 8-2 Front panel operation 8-2 Remote programming 8-3 Remote commands Triggering 11-18 Remote operation 14-1 Auto zero 3-10 Compliance limit 3-8 Contact check fun
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Source-measure procedure Front panel operation 3-15 Remote operation 3-18 Speed 7-7 Remote programming 7-8 Setting 7-7 Status and error messages 1-14 Status byte and service request (SRQ) 15-2, 15-7 Status byte and service request commands 15-10 Status register sets 15-2, 15-11 Store (data) 9-2 Sweep Configuring and running 10-12 Contact check function F-6 Customized 10-6, 10-16, 10-21 Front panel operation 10-12 Linear staircase 10-2, 10-19 Logarithmic staircase 10-4
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