User manual

ManualsBrandsKEITHLEY ManualsTest & MeasurementBench multimeter

www.keithley.com

ECNED

RUS

AEM

Model 2000 Multimeter

User’s Manual

2000-900-01 Rev. J / August 2010

Summary of content (256 pages)

PAGE 1
www.keithley.com Model 2000 Multimeter User’s Manual 2000-900-01 Rev.
PAGE 2
000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 1 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Model 2000 Multimeter User’s Manual ©1994-2010, Keithley Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Document Number: 2000-900-01 Rev.
PAGE 3
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 4
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 1 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table of Contents 1 General Information Feature overview..................................................................................1-2 Manual addenda ..................................................................................1-3 Safety symbols and terms ....................................................................1-3 Specifications ................................................................................
PAGE 5
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM STATus subsystem ............................................................................ 5-52 :SYSTem subsystem.......................................................................... 5-61 :TRACe subsystem ............................................................................ 5-68 Trigger subsystem ............................................................................. 5-70 :UNIT subsystem .......................
PAGE 6
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 7
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 1-2 General Information Introduction This section contains general information about the Model 2000 Multimeter.
PAGE 8
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 1-3 Manual addenda Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the manual. Safety symbols and terms The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual.
PAGE 9
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 1-4 General Information Inspection The Model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (Note: There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately.
PAGE 10
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 1-5 Options and accessories The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the Model 2000. Scanner cards Model 2000-SCAN: This is a 10-channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000. Channels can be configured for 2-pole or 4-pole operation. Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2000 rear panel inputs (Keithley P/N CA-109).
PAGE 11
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 1-6 General Information Model 8611 Low Thermal Patch Leads: Consists of two test leads (0.9m), each with a banana plug with a retractable sheath at each end. These leads minimize the thermallyinduced offsets that can be created by test leads. Model 8612 Low Thermal Spade Leads: Consists of two test leads (0.9m), each terminated with a spade lug on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end.
PAGE 12
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 13
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Basic Measurements This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2000. It is organized as follows: • • • • • • • • • • • • Front panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. Rear panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes connections. Power-up — Describes connecting the instrument to line power, the power-up sequence, the warm-up time, and default conditions.
PAGE 14
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The front panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument.
PAGE 15
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 3 Shifted operation keys DELAY Sets user delay between trigger and measurement. HOLD Holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected tolerance. LIMITS Sets upper and lower limit values for readings. ON/OFF Enables/disables limits; selects beeper operation for limit testing. TEST Selects built-in tests, diagnostics, display test. CAL Accesses calibration.
PAGE 16
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 6 Input connections INPUT HI and LO AMPS SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, 2-wire resistance measurements. Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC current measurements. Also holds current input fuse (3A, 250V, fast blow, 5×20mm). Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance measurements. 7 INPUTS Selects input connections on front or rear panel.
PAGE 17
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Rear panel summary The rear panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Figure 2-2 Model 2000 rear panel 3 4 5 WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. HI MADE IN 2 U.S.A.
PAGE 18
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 2-7 1 Option slot An optional scanner card (Model 2000-SCAN, 2001-SCAN, or 2001-TCSCAN) installs in this slot. 2 Input connections INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, 2-wire resistance measurements and for connecting scanner card. SENSE Ω4 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance measurements HI and LO and also for connecting scanner card.
PAGE 19
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 2-8 Basic Measurements Power-up Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2000 to line power and turn on the instrument. 1. Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see Figure 2-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area. If not, refer to the next procedure, “Setting line voltage and replacing fuse.” CAUTION 2. 3.
PAGE 20
00-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 2-9 Setting line voltage and replacing fuse A rear panel fuse located next to the AC receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced, perform the following steps. WARNING 1. 2. Place the tip of a flat-blade screwdriver into the power module by the fuse holder assembly (see Figure 2-3). Gently push in and to the left.
PAGE 21
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 2-10 Basic Measurements Power-up sequence On power-up, the Model 2000 performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on. (Error messages are listed in Appendix B.) NOTE If a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty, return it to Keithley Instruments, Inc.
PAGE 22
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 11 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM High energy circuit safety precautions To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death.
PAGE 23
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 12 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Power-on defaults Power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The Model 2000 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved. The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power-on defaults. To save present configuration as user settings: 1. 2. 3. 4. Configure the instrument as desired for USER default.
PAGE 24
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 2-2 Factory defaults Setting Factory default Autozero Buffer Continuity Beeper Digits Rate Threshold Current (AC and DC) Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter Count Mode Range Relative Value Rate (AC) Rate (DC) Diode test Digits Range Rate Frequency and Period Digits Range Relative Value Rate Function GPIB Address Language Limits Beeper High limit Low limit mX+b Scale factor Offset Percent References On No effect On 4½ Fast (0.
PAGE 25
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 14 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 2-2 (cont.) Factory defaults Setting Resistance (2-wire and 4-wire) Digits Filter Count Mode Range Relative Value Rate RS-232 Baud Flow Tx term Scanning Channels Mode Temperature Digits Filter Count Mode Junction Temperature Relative Value Rate Thermocouple Units Triggers Continuous Delay Source Factory default 6½ On 10 Moving average Auto Off 0.
PAGE 26
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 15 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 2-2 (cont.) Factory defaults Setting Factory default Voltage (AC and DC) dB reference dBm reference Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter Count Mode Range Relative Value Rate (AC) Rate (DC) No effect 75Ω 5½ 6½ On 10 Moving average Auto Off 0.
PAGE 27
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 16 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM GPIB primary address The GPIB primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller’s programming language. The default primary address of the instrument is 16, but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by step instructions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press SHIFT then GPIB. Use the and keys to select ADDRess. Or, press ENTER.
PAGE 28
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 17 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Display The display of the Model 2000 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See Figure 2-1 for a complete listing of annunciators. Status and error messages Status and error messages are displayed momentarily.
PAGE 29
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 18 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measuring voltage The Model 2000 can make DCV measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V and ACV measurements from 0.1µV to 750V RMS, 1000V peak. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. 2. 4. Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.
PAGE 30
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 19 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 2-4 DC and AC voltage measurements Model 2000 REM STEP SCAN CH1 TALK LSTN SRQ SHIFT TIMER HOLD TRIG FAST CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 SLOW REL FILT AUTO CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10 MATH REAR 4W MED ERR BUFFER STAT 2001 MULTIMETER DC Voltage Source Input Resistance = 10MΩ on 1000V and 100V ranges ; > 10GΩ on 10V, 1V and 100mV ranges.
PAGE 31
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 20 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Thermal EMFs Thermal EMFs (thermoelectric potentials) are generated by thermal differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals. These can be large compared to the signal that the Model 2000 can measure. Thermal EMFs can cause the following conditions: • • Instability or zero offset is much higher than expected. The reading is sensitive to (and responds to) temperature changes.
PAGE 32
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 21 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM AC voltage offset The Model 2000, at 5½ digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the REL feature.
PAGE 33
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 22 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The Model 2000 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1µAm to 3A RMS. NOTE See the previous discussion about crest factor in “Measuring voltage” in this section. Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals. The front inputs must be used; place the INPUTS button in the FRONT position.
PAGE 34
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 23 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM AMPS fuse replacement WARNING 1. 2. Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads. From the front panel, gently push in the AMPS jack with your thumb and rotate the fuse carrier one-quarter turn counter-clockwise. Release pressure on the jack and its internal spring will push the jack out of the socket. Remove the fuse and replace it with the same type (3A, 250V, fast blow, 5 × 20mm).
PAGE 35
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 24 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measuring resistance The Model 2000 can make 2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurements from 100µΩ to 120MΩ. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. 2. 4. Connect test leads to the Model 2000 as follows: A. For Ω2-wire, connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO. B. For Ω4-wire, connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO, and SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO.
PAGE 36
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 25 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 2-6 Two- and fourwire resistance measurements Model 2000 REM STEP SCAN CH1 TALK LSTN SRQ SHIFT TIMER HOLD TRIG FAST CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 SLOW REL FILT AUTO CH7 CH 8 CH9 CH1 0 Shielded Cable Optional shield MATH REAR 4W MED ERR BUFFER STAT 2001 MULTIMETER Resistance Under Test Note: Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals.
PAGE 37
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 26 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measuring frequency and period The Model 2000 can make frequency measurements from 3Hz to 500kHz on voltage ranges of 100mV, 1V, 10V, 100V, and 750V. Period measurements can be taken from 2µs to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency. The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measure frequency. The AC voltage range can be changed with the RANGE and keys.
PAGE 38
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 27 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2000. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position. Select the FREQ or PERIOD function. Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2-7. CAUTION 4.
PAGE 39
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 28 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measuring temperature The Model 2000 measures temperature with thermocouples. The temperature measurement ranges available depend on the type of thermocouple chosen. Thermocouples can be connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN card, which plugs into the option slot of the Model 2000, or to an external thermocouple card, such as a Model 7057A, 7402, or 7014 installed in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System.
PAGE 40
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 29 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Configuration The following information explains the various configuration options for temperature mea surements. To select and configure the thermocouple measurement: Press SHIFT then TCOUPL. Three choices are available using the • • • and keys: UNITS — C, K, F (Centigrade, Kelvin, Fahrenheit). This parameter selects the displayed units for temperature measurements. TYPE — J, K, T (thermocouple type).
PAGE 41
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 30 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Math Model 2000 math operations are divided into four categories: • • • • mX+b and percent dBm and dB calculations Statistics of buffered readings Limit testing The first two categories are discussed here; buffered reading statistics and reading limit testing are described in Section 3 — Measurement Options. The procedure to select and configure a math operation is summarized as follows: 1. 2.
PAGE 42
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 31 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Configuration To configure the mX+b calculation, perform the following steps: 1. Press SHIFT then MX+B to display the present scale factor: M: +1.000000 ^ 3. Enter a value and units prefix. Use the and keys to choose a numerical place and use the and keys to increment or decrement the digits. Press ENTER to confirm the M value and display the B value: B: +00.00000 m 4. 5. Enter a value and units prefix.
PAGE 43
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 32 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM dBm is defined as decibels above or below a 1mW reference. With a user-programmable reference impedance, the Model 2000 reads 0dBm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mW through the reference impedance is applied. The relationship between dBm, a reference impedance, and the voltage is defined by the following equation: ⎛ V2 /Z ⎞ ⎝ IN REF⎠ dBm = 10 log --------------------------------1mW Where: VIN is the DC or AC input signal.
PAGE 44
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 33 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Expressing DC or AC voltage in dB makes it possible to compress a large range of measurements into a much smaller scope. The relationship between dB and voltage is defined by the following equation: V IN dB= 20 log ----------------V REF where: VIN is the DC or AC input signal. VREF is the specified voltage reference level. The instrument will read 0dB when the reference voltage level is applied to the input.
PAGE 45
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 34 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The Model 2000 uses the 1kΩ range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1Ω-1000Ω). The Model 2000 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level. To measure the continuity of a circuit, press SHIFT then CONT, set the threshold resistance level and connect the circuit. NOTE Continuity has a non-selectable reading rate of FAST (0.1 PLC).
PAGE 46
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 35 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Testing diodes With a Model 2000, you can measure the forward voltage drop of general-purpose diodes , set the test and the zener voltage of zener diodes. To test diodes, press SHIFT then current range, connect the diode, and take a reading from the display. NOTE Diode test has a non-selectable reading rate of MEDium (1 PLC). Connections Connect the diode leads to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals on the Model 2000.
PAGE 47
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 48
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 49
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measurement Options This section describes the front panel features of the Model 2000. For those measurement options accessible only by a remote interface, refer to Sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • • • • • • Measurement configuration — Describes ranging, filtering, relative readings, digits of resolution, and measurement rate. Trigger operations — Uses a trigger model to explain trigger modes and sources.
PAGE 50
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Measurement Options 3-3 The following paragraphs discuss configuring the multimeter for making measurements. See the end of Appendix A for information about optimizing readings for speed or accuracy. The selected measurement range affects both the ultimate digits and accuracy of the measurements as well as the maximum signal that can be measured.
PAGE 51
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM FILTER lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The Model 2000 uses a digital filter, which is based on reading conversions. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is simply an average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100). To select a filter: 1. 2. 3. Press FILTER once if the FILT annunciator is off; press twice if FILT is on. Enter the number of readings.
PAGE 52
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Response time The filter parameters have speed and accuracy tradeoffs for the time needed to display, store, or output a filtered reading. These affect the number of reading conversions for speed versus accuracy and response to input signal changes. Relative The rel (relative) function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings.
PAGE 53
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Rate The RATE operation sets the integration time of the A/D converter, the period of time the input signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integration time is specified in parameters based on a number of power line cycles (NPLC), where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16.
PAGE 54
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Bandwidth The rate setting for AC voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • • • Slow — 3Hz to 300kHz. Medium — 30Hz to 300kHz. Fast — 300Hz to 300kHz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the Slow bandwidth (3Hz to 300kHz) is chosen, the signal goes through an analog RMS converter.
PAGE 55
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Trigger operations The following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering, the programmable trigger delay, the reading hold feature, and external triggering. Trigger model The flowchart of Figure 3-2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is modeled after the SCPI commands used to control triggering.
PAGE 56
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Delay A programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used. With auto delay, the Model 2000 selects a delay based on the function and range. The AUTO settings are listed in Table 3-2.
PAGE 57
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Device actions The primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • • • Filtering — If the repeating filter is enabled, the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yeildl single filtered reading.
PAGE 58
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 11 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Hold example 1. 2. 3. Enable HOLD, select a window percentage and enter a count. Apply test probes to a signal. Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition, the reading is released, and the beeper sounds (if enabled). Remove the hold condition by lifting the probes. Hold will then seek a new “seed”.
PAGE 59
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 12 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM External trigger The EXT TRIG input requires a falling-edge, TTL-compatible pulse with the specifications shown in Figure 3-4. In general, external triggers can be used to control measure operations. For the Model 2000 to respond to external triggers, the trigger model must be configured for it. Figure 3-4 Trigger link input pulse specifications (EXT TRIG) Triggers on Leading Edge TTL High (2V-5V) TTL Low (≤0.
PAGE 60
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 3-6 DUT test system DUT #1 1 DUT #2 2 OUTPUT 2000 MULTIMETER 2000 Multimeter DUT #10 10 Card 1 7011 MUX Card The Trigger Link connections for this test system are shown in Figure 3-7. Trigger Link of the Model 2000 is connected to Trigger Link (either IN or OUT) of the Model 7001/7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the Model 7001/7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output.
PAGE 61
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 14 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Press STEP on the Model 7001/7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scanner's output pulse triggers the Model 2000 to take a reading, store it, and send a trigger pulse. The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in Figure 3-8.
PAGE 62
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 15 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM A Pressing EXT TRIG then STEP or SCAN on the multimeter places it at point A in the flowchart, where it is waiting for an external trigger. B Pressing STEP takes the Model 7001/7002 out of the idle state and places operation at point B in the flowchart. C For the first pass through the model, the scanner does not wait at point B for a trigger. Instead, it closes the first channel.
PAGE 63
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 16 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM External triggering with BNC connections An adapter cable is available to connect the micro-DIN Trigger Link of the Model 2000 to instruments with BNC trigger connections. The Model 8503 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable has a micro-DIN connector at one end and two BNC connectors at the other end. The BNC cables are labeled VMC (trigger line 1) and EXT TRIG (trigger line 2).
PAGE 64
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 17 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Buffer operations The Model 2000 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units. It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overflow readings. In addition, recalled data includes statistical information, such as minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation. The buffer fills with the requested number of readings and stops. Readings are placed in the buffer after any math operations are performed.
PAGE 65
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 18 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Recalling readings Use the following steps to view stored readings and buffer statistics: 1. 2. 3. Press RECALL. The BUFFER annunciator indicates that stored readings are being displayed. The arrow annunciator indicates that more data can be viewed with the , , , and keys. As shown in Figure 3-10, use the cursor keys to navigate through the reading numbers, reading values, and statistics.
PAGE 66
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 19 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Buffer statistics The MAX AT and MIN AT values are the maximum and minimum values in the buffer. The AVERAGE value is the mean of the buffered readings. The equation used to calculate the mean is: n ∑ Xi =1 y = i---------------n where: xi is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings The STD DEV value is the standard deviation of the buffered readings.
PAGE 67
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 20 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Limit operations Limit operations set and control the values that determine the HI / IN / LO status of subsequent measurements. Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity. The limit test is performed after mX+b and percent math operations. Unit prefixes are applied before the limit test, for example: • Low limit = -1.0, High limit = 1.0 A 150mV reading equals 0.15V (IN). • Low limit = -1.
PAGE 68
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 21 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Enabling limits Use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: 1. Press the SHIFT-ON/OFF keys to view the present beeper status: BEEP: NEVER 2. Use the and keys to change the beeper status (NEVER, OUTSIDE, INSIDE). Press ENTER when done. When the multimeter returns to the normal display, the HI/IN/LO status is displayed along with the reading. To disable limit testing, press SHIFT-ON/OFF again.
PAGE 69
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 22 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Scan operations The Model 2000 can be used with an internal scanner card (Model 2000 SCAN or 2001-TCSCAN) or with external scanner cards installed in switching mainframes such as the Models 707, 7001, and 7002. The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the Model 2000. Connection precautions WARNINGS Connection information for scanner cards is intended for qualified service personnel.
PAGE 70
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 23 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Front panel scanner controls In addition to the trigger keys discussed previously, front panel keys that affect scanner card operation include: • • • • • Using and — Allow you to manually step through consecutive internal card channels. OPEN and CLOSE — Let you selectively open and close internal card channels. SHIFT-CONFIG — Selects internal or external scanning, scan list, time between scans, and reading count.
PAGE 71
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 24 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Stepping and scanning trigger model additions The trigger model presented in “Trigger operations” earlier in this section has some additional capabilities when stepping or scanning. These are outlined below: • • • Timer — With this control source, event detection is immediately satisfied on the initial pass. Each subsequent detection is satisfied when the programmed timer interval (up to 99H:99M:99.99S) elapses.
PAGE 72
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 73
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 26 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Using SHIFT-CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning From the SHIFT-CONFIG key combination, you can select internal or external scanning, the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list, the time between scans, and the reading count. 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. To configure stepping or scanning, perform the following: Select the desired measurement function. Press the SHIFT-CONFIG keys to access the step/scan configuration.
PAGE 74
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 27 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The following examples demonstrate the use of reading count, timed scans, delay, and external scanning. One of the configuration options for stepping and scanning is the reading count.
PAGE 75
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 28 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 3-3 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning counters Operation :SAMPle:COUNt :TRIGger:COUNt STEP 1 reading count SCAN scan list length (reading count) / (scan list length) Another configuration option for stepping and scanning is the timing of channel closures. The example of Figure 3-15 shows how different settings of TIMER and DELAY affect these operations.
PAGE 76
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 29 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 3-15 Internal scanning example with timer and delay options SHIFT-CONFIG TYPE:INT MIN CHAN: 1 MAX CHAN: 10 TIMER? Note: "Factory setup" on the Model 2000 is assumed. OFF ON RDG CNT: 0010 TIMER? ON 00H:00M:05.000S DELAY: MAN 00H:00M:05.
PAGE 77
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 30 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The example of Figure 3-16 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan. The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in “Trigger operations”. Both instrument setups assume factory defaults. Set the Model 2000 for the desired measurement function. 1 On the Model 7001 Switch System, enter a scan list of channels 1 to 10 on card 1.
PAGE 78
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 79
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 32 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM System operations The Model 2000 has other front panel operations. Saving and restoring setup information is described in Section 2 — Basic Measurements. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in Section 4 — Remote Operation. Self-test The TEST selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the Model 2000.
PAGE 80
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 81
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 82
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM You can connect a controller to the RS-232 interface. Some considerations for selecting the RS-232 interface are the following: • • You must define the baud rate, enable or disable software handshake XON/XOF. You can only use the SCPI programming language with the RS-232 interface. To select RS-232 as the remote interface, do the following: 1. Access the RS-232 configuration by pressing SHIFT then RS232.
PAGE 83
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Choose one of three languages to program the Model 2000 multimeter: • • • SCPI (Signal Oriented Measurement Commands) Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter Fluke Model 8840A/8842A Digital Multimeter The factory sets the language selection as SCPI. You only can select a programming language from the front panel.
PAGE 84
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Keithley Models 196/199 digital multimeter, except for the self-test and calibration commands. The commands are listed in Appendix D. See the Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter user manuals for more information about remote programming.
PAGE 85
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM RS-232 operation Sending and receiving data The RS-232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings. You can break data transmissions by sending a ^C or ^X character string to the multimeter. This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output.
PAGE 86
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The Model 2000 does not support hardware handshaking (flow control). Software flow control is in the form of X__ON and X__OFF characters and is enabled when XonXoFF is selected from the RS232 FLOW menu.
PAGE 87
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The RS-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.e., personal computer) using a straight through RS-232 cable terminated with DB-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (TXD), receive (RXD) and signal ground (GND) lines of the RS-232 standard. It does not use the hardware handshaking lines CTS and RTS.
PAGE 88
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM GPIB bus operation and reference Introduction This section contains information about connecting to and using the GPIB (IEEE-488) bus. The information is organized as follows: • • • • • • GPIB bus standards GPIB bus connections Selecting the primary address QuickBASIC 4.
PAGE 89
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM GPIB bus connections To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the GPIB bus, use a cable equipped with standard IEEE-488 connectors as shown in Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2 IEEE-488 connector To allow many parallel connections to one instrument, stack the connector. Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connections remain secure. Current standards call for metric threads, which are identified with dark-colored screws.
PAGE 90
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 11 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the IEEE-488 bus, follow these steps: 1. Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will fit only one way. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the IEEE-488 connector. WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. Figure 4-4 IEEE-488 connector location HI MADE IN U.S.A.
PAGE 91
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 12 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Selecting the primary address The Model 2000 multimeter ships from the factory with a GPIB address of 16. When the multimeter powers up, it momentarily displays the primary address. You can set the address to a value of 0-30. Do not assign the same address to another device or to a controller that are on the same GPIB bus. Usually controller addresses are 0 or 21, but see the controllers instruction manual for details.
PAGE 92
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM About program fragments Program fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax. As the name implies, only a fragment of the whole program is used to avoid redundancy. At the beginning of each program, driver files have to be opened. The input terminator should be set for CRLF.
PAGE 93
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 14 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM General commands are those commands, such as DCL, that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Table 4-3 lists the general bus commands along with the programming statement for each command, which use the Keithley KPC-488.2 IEEE interface and the HP- style Universal Language Driver. Note that the commands requiring that the primary address be specified assume that the address is the factory-set address of 16.
PAGE 94
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 15 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Note that this command does not affect the status of the instrument; settings, data, and event registers are not changed. To send the IFC command, the controller need only set the IFC line true for a minimum of 100µs.
PAGE 95
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 16 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Use the DCL command to clear the GPIB interface and return it to a known state. Note that the DCL command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do so simultaneously. When the Model 2000 multimeter receives a DCL command, it clears the Input Buffer and Output Queue, cancels deferred commands, and clears any command that prevents the processing of any other device command.
PAGE 96
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 17 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM GET is a GPIB trigger that is used as an arm, scan and/or measure event to control operation. The Model 2000 multimeter reacts to this trigger if it is the programmed control source. The control source is programmed from the SCPI: TRIGger subsystem.
PAGE 97
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 18 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Front panel GPIB operation This section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of GPIB operation, including messages, status indicators, and the LOCAL key. Error and status messages See Section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with IEEE-488 programming. The instrument can be programmed to generate an SRQ, and command queries can be performed to check for specific error conditions.
PAGE 98
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 19 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Status structure See Figure 4-5 for the Model 2000 Multimeters status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status register sets feed directly into the Status Byte Register. More detailed illustrations of these register sets are provided by Figures 4-5 through 4-9.
PAGE 99
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 20 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Condition registers As Figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit B4 (Meas) of the Operation Condition Register is set. When the measurement is completed, bit B4 clears.
PAGE 100
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 21 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Enable registers As Figure 4-5 shows, each status register set has an enable register. An enable register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the corresponding event register. An event bit is masked when the corresponding bit in the enable register is cleared (0). When masked, a set bit in an event register cannot set a bit in the Status Byte Register (1 AND 0 = 0). To use the Status Byte Register to detect events (i.e.
PAGE 101
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 22 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 4-6 Standard event status * ESR ? PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Standard Event (B15 - B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Status Register & & & & OR & To Event Summary Bit (ESB) of Status Byte Register (See Figure 4-10).
PAGE 102
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 23 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 4-8 Measurement event status BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Condition Register BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement Event (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Register & & & OR & & & & To Measurement Summary Bit (MSB) of Status Byte Register.
PAGE 103
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 24 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Queues The Model 2000 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (FIFO) registers: • • Output Queue - used to hold reading and response messages Error Queue - used to hold error and status messages The Model 2000 Multimeter status model (Figure 4-5) shows how the two queues are structured with the other registers. Output queue The output queue holds data that pertains to the normal operation of the instrument.
PAGE 104
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 25 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register. Figure 4-10 shows the structure of these registers.
PAGE 105
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 26 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Status Byte Register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register. These bits do not latch, and their states (0 or 1) are solely dependent on the summary messages (0 or 1). For example, if the Standard Event Status Register is read, its register will clear.
PAGE 106
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 27 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Service request enable register This register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the Status Summary Message bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register. When masked, a set summary bit in the Status Byte Register cannot set bit B6 (MSS/RQS) of the Status Byte Register. Conversely, when unmasked, a set summary bit in the Status Byte Register sets bit B6.
PAGE 107
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 28 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Serial poll and SRQ Any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set RQS and generate a service request (SRQ). In your test program, you can periodically read the Status Byte Register to check if a service request (SRQ) has occurred and what caused it. If an SRQ occurs, the program can, for example, branch to an appropriate subroutine that will service the request.
PAGE 108
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 29 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Trigger model (GPIB operation) This section describes how the Model 2000 Multimeter operates over the GPIB bus. The flowchart in Figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model. It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem (see Section 5 for more information). Key SCPI commands are included in the trigger model.
PAGE 109
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 30 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM • • :INITiate :INITiate:CONTinuous ON With continuous initiation enabled (:INITiate:CONTinuous ON), the instrument will not remain in the idle state after all programmed operations are completed.
PAGE 110
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 31 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM to yield a single filtered reading. If the moving filter is active, or filter is disabled, then only one reading conversion is performed. Figure 4-12 Device action (trigger model) Figure 4-12 Device action (trigger model) From Delay block of Trigger Model (See Figure 4-11) To Output Trigger block of Trigger Model (See Figure 4-11).
PAGE 111
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 32 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Programming syntax The information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and SCPI commands. For information not covered here, see the IEEE- 488.2 and SCPI standards. Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter.
PAGE 112
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 33 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM • Parameter types: The following are some of the more common parameter types: Boolean: Used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or OFF disables the operation, and 1 or ON enables the operation. Example: :CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO ON Enable auto ranging Name parameter: Select a parameter name from a listed group.
PAGE 113
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 34 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Most command that require a numeric parameter() can also use the DEFault, MINimum, and MAXimum parameters for the query form. These query forms are used to determine the *RST default value and the upper and lower limits for the fundamental command. Examples: :TRIGger:TIMer? :TRIGger:TIMer? :TRIGger:TIMer? DEFault MINimum MAXimum Queries the *RST default value. Queries the lowest allowable value.
PAGE 114
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 35 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example: :auto = :auto • • These rules apply to command words that exceed four letters: If the fourth letter of the command word is a vowel, delete it and all the letters after it.
PAGE 115
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 36 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Program messages A program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument. Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk (*). SCPI commands are categorized in the :STATus subsystem and are used to help explain how command words are structured to formulate program messages.
PAGE 116
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 37 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Command path rules • • Each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.g., [:SENSe]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. The colon (:) at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used. Example: :stat:pres = stat:pres • • • When the path pointer detects a colon (:) it moves down to the next command level.
PAGE 117
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 38 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Response messages A response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message. Sending a response message After sending a query command, the response message is placed in the Output Queue. When the Model 2000 Multimeter is then addressed to talk, the response message is sent from the Output Queue to the computer.
PAGE 118
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 39 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Common Commands Common commands (summarized in Table 4-4) are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE-488.2 standard. Table 4-4 IEEE-488.
PAGE 119
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 40 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *CLS — Clear Status Clear status registers and error queue Description Use the *CLS command to clear (reset to 0) the bits of the following registers in the Model 2000: • • • • • Standard Event Register Operation Even Register Error Queue Measurement Event Register Questionable Event Register This command also forces the instrument into the operation complete command idle state and operation complete query idle state.
PAGE 120
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 41 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM parameter value that is sent with the *ESE command. For example, to set the CME and QYE bits of the Standard Event Enable Register, send the following command: *ESE 36 Where: CME (bit B5) = Decimal QYE (bit B2) = Decimal 32 4 = 36 If a command error (CME) occurs, bit B5 of the Standard Event Status Register sets. If a query error (QYE) occurs, bit B2 of the Standard Event Status Register sets.
PAGE 121
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 42 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *ESR? — Event Status Register Query Read the standard event status register and clear it Description Use this command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the Standard Event Register (see Figure 4-14). The binary equivalent of the returned decimal value determines which bits in the register are set. The register is cleared on power-up or when *CLS is sent.
PAGE 122
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 43 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Figure 4-14 Standard event status regster Bit Position Event Decimal Weighting Value B7 B6 B5 B4 PON URQ CME EXE B3 B2 B1 DDE QYE B0 OPC 128 64 32 16 8 4 1 (2 7 ) (2 6 ) (2 5 ) (2 4 ) (2 3 ) (2 2 ) (20 ) 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 Note : Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used.
PAGE 123
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 44 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *OPC — Operation Complete Set the OPC bit in the standard event status register after all pending commands are complete Description On power-up or when the *CLS or *RST is executed, the Model 2000 goes into the Operation Complete Command Idle State (OCIS). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exist.
PAGE 124
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 125
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 46 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *OPC? — Operation Complete Query Place a “1” in the output queue after all pending operations are completed Description On power-up or when the *CLS or *RST is executed, the Model 2000 goes into the Operation Complete Command Query Idle State (OQIS). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exist.
PAGE 126
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 127
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 48 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *RST — RESET Return 2000 to *RST defaults Description When the *RST command is sent, the Model 2000 performs the following operations: 1. 2. 3. Returns the Model 2000 to the *RST default conditions (see SCPI tables). Cancels all pending commands. Cancels response to any previously received *OPC and *OPC? commands.
PAGE 128
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 49 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The Service Request Enable Register is shown in Figure 4-15. Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illustration. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to set is the value that is sent with the *SRE command.
PAGE 129
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 50 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *STB? — Status Byte Query Read status byte register Description Use the *STB? query command to acquire the value (in decimal) of the Status Byte Register. The Status Byte Register is shown in Figure 4-16. The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set. All bits, except Bit B6, in this register are set by other event registers and queues.
PAGE 130
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 131
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 52 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM *WAI — Wait-to-Continue Prevent execution of commands until previous commands are completed Description Two types of device commands exist: • • Sequential commands-A command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed. Overlapped commands-A command that allows the execution of subsequent commands while device operations of the Overlapped command are still in progress.
PAGE 132
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 133
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI Command Reference This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2000 with the SCPI commands. It is organized as follows: SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands — Covers the signal oriented measurement commands. These commands are used to acquire readings. SCPI command subsystems reference tables — Includes a summary table for each SCPI subsystem command.
PAGE 134
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings. You can use these high-level instructions to control the measurement process. These commands are summarized in Table 5-1. Table 5-1 Signal oriented measurement command summary Command Description :CONFigure: Places the Model 2000 in a “one-shot” measurement mode for the specified function. Requests the latest reading without triggering.
PAGE 135
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM • • • • The delay of the Trigger Model is set to zero. The Model 2000 is placed in the idle state. All math calculations are disabled. Buffer operation is disabled. A storage operation currently in process will be aborted. • Autozero is set to the *RST default value. • All operations associated with switching cards (scanning) are disabled. This command is automatically asserted when the :MEASure? command is sent.
PAGE 136
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM READ? command :READ? Description Typically, this command is used with the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings. The :SAMPle:COUNt command is used to specify the number of readings (see Trigger Subsystem). Note that the readings are stored in the buffer.
PAGE 137
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 138
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI command subsystems reference tables Tables 5-2 through 5-11 summarize the commands for each SCPI subsystem. The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized.
PAGE 139
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-2 CALCulate command summary Command Description :CALCulate[1] :FORMat :FORMat? :KMATh :MMFactor :MMFactor? :MBFactor :MBFactor? :MUNits Subsystem to control CALC 1: Select math format (NONE, MXB, PERCent). Query math format. Path to configure math calculations: Set “m” factor for mx+b (-100e6 to 100e6). Query “m” factor. Set “b” factor for mx+b (-100e6 to 100e6). Query “b” factor.
PAGE 140
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-3 DISPlay command summary Command Description :DISPlay [:WINDow[1]] :TEXT :DATA :DATA? :STATe :STATe? :ENABle :ENABle? Path to control user text messages. Define ASCII message “a” (up to 12 characters). Query text message. Enable or disable message mode. Query text message state. Enable or disable the front panel display. Query state of the display.
PAGE 141
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-5 ROUTe command summary Command Description ROUTe :CLOSe :STATe? :OPEN:ALL :MULTiple :CLOSe :STATe? :OPEN :SCAN [:INTernal] [:INTernal]? :EXTernal :EXTernal? :LSELect :LSELect? Commands to control scanner card: Close specified channel (1 to 10) or channel pair (1 to 5). Query closed channel (or channel pair). Open all input channels (1 through 10).
PAGE 142
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 11 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Command Description :CURRent:AC :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? :RANGe [:UPPer] [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? :REFerence :STATe :STATe? :ACQuire :REFerence? :DIGits :DIGits? :AVERage :TCONtrol :TCONtrol? :COUNt :COUNt? :STATe :STATe? :DETector :BANDwidth :BANDwidth? Path to configure AC current. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10).
PAGE 143
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 12 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Command Description :VOLTage:AC :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? :RANGe [:UPPer] [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? :REFerence :STATe :STATe? :ACQuire :REFerence? :DIGits :DIGits? :AVERage :TCONtrol :TCONtrol? :COUNt :COUNt? :STATe :STATe? :DETector :BANDwidth :BANDwidth? Path to configure AC voltage. Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10).
PAGE 144
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Command Description :RESistance :NPLCycles :NPLCycles? :RANGe [:UPPer] [:UPPer]? :AUTO :AUTO? :REFerence :STATe :STATe? :ACQuire :REFerence? :DIGits :DIGits? :AVERage :TCONtrol :TCONtrol? :COUNt :COUNt? :STATe :STATe? Path to configure resistance: Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). Query line cycle integration rate.
PAGE 145
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 14 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-6(cont.
PAGE 146
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 15 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Command :PERiod :THReshold :VOLTage :RANGe :RANGe? :REFerence :STATe :STATe? :ACQuire :REFerence? :DIGits :DIGits? Description Default parameter Path to configure period. Path to select the threshold voltage range: Select threshold range (0 to 1010). Query threshold range. Specify reference (0 to 1). Enable or disable reference. Query state of reference.
PAGE 147
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 16 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-7 STATus command summary Command :STATus :MEASurement [:EVENt]? :ENABle :ENABle? :CONDition? :OPERation [:EVENt]? :ENABle :ENABle? :CONDition? :QUEStionable [:EVENt]? :ENABle :ENABle? :CONDition? :PRESet :QUEue [:NEXT]? :ENABle :ENABle? :DISable :DISable? :CLEar Description Path to control measurement event registers: Read the event register. Program the enable register.
PAGE 148
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 17 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-8 SYSTem command summary Command Description :SYSTem :PRESet :POSetup :POSetup? :FRSWitch? :VERSion? :ERRor? :AZERo :STATe :STATe? :KEY :KEY? :CLEar :BEEPer [:STATe] [:STATe]? :LOCal Return to :SYST:PRES defaults. Select power-on setup: (RST, PRESet or SAV0). Query power-on setup. Query INPUTS switch (0=rear, 1=front). Query rev level of SCPI standard. Query (read) Error Queue.
PAGE 149
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 18 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-10 Trigger command summary Command Description :INITiate [:IMMediate] :CONTinuous :CONTinuous? Subsystem command path: Initiate one trigger cycle. Enable or disable continuous initiation. Query continuous initiation. :ABORt :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]] :COUNt :COUNt? :DELay :AUTO :AUTO? :DELay? :SOURce Reset trigger system. Path to program Trigger Layer: Set measure count (1 to 9999, or INF).
PAGE 150
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 19 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table 5-11 UNIT command summary Command :UNIT :TEMPerature :TEMPerature? :VOLTage :AC :DB :REFerence :REFerence? :DBM :IMPedance :IMPedance? :AC? [:DC] :DB :REFerence :REFerence? :DBM :IMPedance :IMPedance? :DC? Description Select temperature measurement units (C, F, or K). Query temperature units. Path to configure voltage units. Select ACV measurement units (V, DB or DBM).
PAGE 151
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 20 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Calculate subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the Calculate subsystems and are summarized in Table 5-2. :CALCulate[1] These commands are used to configure and control the MXB (polynomial) and percent math calculations. Detailed information on math calculations is provided in Section 2.
PAGE 152
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 21 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Query :MUNits? Query units for mx+b Description This command is used to specify the units data element for the mx+b calculation. Use any three letters from ‘A’ through ‘Z’. :PERCent :CALCulate [1]:KMATh:PERCent Specify target value for percent calculation Parameter = -1e8 to +1e8 Specify target value.
PAGE 153
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 22 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :FORMat CALCulate2:FORMat Specify CALC2 format Parameters = NONE MEAN SDEViation MAXimum MINimum No calculations Mean value of readings in buffer Standard deviation of readings in buffer Largest reading in buffer Lowest reading in buffer Query :FORMat? Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALC2 math calculation.
PAGE 154
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 23 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :IMMediate :CALCulate2:IMMediate Perform CALC2 Query :IMMediate? Perform calculation and read result (equivalent to :CALCulate2:IMMediate; DATA?) Description The :IMMediate command is used to perform the selected CALC2 operation on the readings in the buffer (assuming CALC2 is enabled; see :STATe). After performing the calculation, the result can be read by using the :CALCulate2:DATA? query command.
PAGE 155
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 24 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :CALCulate3 These commands are used to configure and control the CALC3 limit test.
PAGE 156
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 25 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM termine which limit has failed, you will have to read the Measurement Event Register. Reading the results of a limit test does not clear the fail indication of the test. A failure can be cleared by using a :CLEar command, or by disabling the test (:STATe OFF).
PAGE 157
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 26 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM DISPlay subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to control the display of the Model 2000 and are summarized in Table 5-3. :ENABle :DISPlay:ENABle Control display circuitry Parameters = 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable display circuitry Enable display circuitry Query :ENABle? Description This command is used to enable and disable the front panel display circuitry.
PAGE 158
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 27 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :STATe :DISPlay[WINDow[1]]:TEXT:STATe Control (on/off) message Parameters = 0 or OFF 1 or ON Disable text message Enable text message Query :STATe? Description This command enables and disables the text message mode. When enabled, a defined message is displayed. When disabled, the message is removed from the display. Query state of message mode.
PAGE 159
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 28 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :FORMat subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus. The BORDer command and DATA command only affect readings transferred from the buffer. (i. e. SENSE:DATA? or CALC:DATA? are always sent in ASCII.) These commands are summarized in Table 5-4.
PAGE 160
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 29 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SREAL will select the binary IEEE754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are specified, the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks. Note that the data string for each reading conversion is preceded by a 2-byte header that is the binary equivalent of an ASCII # sign and 0.
PAGE 161
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 30 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :BORDer command :BORDer :FORMat:BORDer Specify binary byte order Parameters = Query :BORDer? Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE754 binary formats.
PAGE 162
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 31 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :ELEMents command :ELEMents :FORMat:ELEMents Parameters : READing CHANnel UNITs Includes reading in data string Includes channel number Includes units NOTE: Each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :ELEMents? Query elements in data string Description This command is used to specify the elements to be included in the data string for each measurement conversion.
PAGE 163
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 32 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM ROUTe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control switching and are summarized in Table 5-5. Single channel (or channel pair) control Like operation from the front panel, the following commands let you close a single channel (or channel pair for 4-pole operation) on an internal scanner card.
PAGE 164
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 33 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :CLOSe:STATe? :ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? Description NOTE Query closed channel or channel pair The response message for this query command indicates the channel (or channel pair) that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the :rout:close command (or channels closed from the front panel). Note that for 4-pole operation, the paired channel is not included in the response message.
PAGE 165
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 34 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM the 4-pole mode is selected. Use the rout:multiple:open command to open channel 11. Examples of a list: list = (@1,3,5) Channels 1, 3, and 5. = (@1:5) Channels 1 through 5. When this command is sent, the front panel channel number annunciators are disabled. Use the following query command to determine which channels are closed.
PAGE 166
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 35 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :SCAN commands [:INTernal] :ROUTe:SCAN[:INTernal] Parameter Define internal scan list and enable scan. = (@ scanlist) where scanlist is the specified list of channels (1 through 10) to be scanned. Query [:INTernal]? Description This command is used to define the scan list for the internal scanner card. The scan list can contain 2 to 10 channels.
PAGE 167
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 36 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :LSELect :ROUTe:SCAN:LSELect Perform specified scan operation Parameters = INTernal EXTernal NONE Enable scan for internal scanner card Enable scan for external scanner card Disable all scan operations Query :LSELect?: Description This command is used to select and perform the desired scan operation.
PAGE 168
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 37 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM [SENSe[1]] subsystem The Sense 1 Subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the Model 2000. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various configurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed. Whenever a programmed function is selected, it assumes the programmed states.
PAGE 169
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 38 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :DATA command :DATA? [:SENSe[1]]:DATA? Description Return reading. This query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This command returns the “raw” reading or a reading that is the result of the Reference (REL from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1.0 is established, the reading returned by this command is the “raw” reading minus 1.0.
PAGE 170
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 39 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :HOLD Command The following commands are used to configure and control the Hold feature. For details on Hold, refer to “Trigger Model, Device Action” in this section and “Hold” in Section 3. :WINDow [:SENSe[1]]:HOLD:WINDow Set Hold window Parameter = 0.01 to 20 Set window (percent) Query :WINDow? Description This command is used to set the window for Hold.
PAGE 171
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 172
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 173
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 174
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 175
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 176
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 177
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 46 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :AVERage commands The :AVERage commands are used to configure and control the filter. The Filter is explained in Section 3.
PAGE 178
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 179
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 48 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Bandwidth command :BANDwidth [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:DETector:BANDwidth [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:DETector:BANDwidth Specify maximum bandwidth for ACI Specify maximum bandwidth for ACV Parameters = 3 to 300e3 Specify bandwidth (in Hz) Query BANDwidth? Description The Model 2000 uses three bandwidth settings for ACI and ACV measurements; 3 (3Hz-300kHz), 30 (30Hz-300kHz) and 300 (300Hz300kHz).
PAGE 180
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 49 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Thermocouple commands :TYPE [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:TCouple:TYPE J K T Specify TC type Parameters = Set operation for Type J thermocouples Set operation for Type K thermocouples Set operation for Type T thermocouples Query :TYPE? Description This command is used to configure the Model 2000 for the thermocouple type that you are using to make temperature measurements.
PAGE 181
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 50 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :SIMulated [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:TCouple:RJUNction[1]:SIMulated Parameters = 0 to 50 32 to 122 273 to 323 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Specify temperature in °C Specify temperature in °F Specify temperture in K 23°C, 73.
PAGE 182
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 51 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :REAL:OFFSet [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:TCouple:RJUNction[1]:REAL:OFFSET Parameters = -0.09999 to 0.09999Specify voltage offset at 0°C DEFault 0.05463 MINimum -0.09999 MAXimum 0.09999 Query :OFFSet? :OFFSet? DEFault :OFFSet? MINimum :OFFSet? MAXimum Description This command is used to specify the offset voltage at 0°C for the specified reference junction.
PAGE 183
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 52 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 5-52 SCPI Command Reference STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem is used to control the status registers of the Model 2000. The commands in this subsystem are summarized in Table 5-7.
PAGE 184
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 53 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI Command Reference 5-53 Measurement Event Register: Bit B0, Reading Overflow (ROF) — Set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument. Bit B1, Low Limit (LL) — Set bit indicates that the reading is less than the Low Limit 1 setting. Bit B2, High Limit (HL) — Set bit indicates that the reading is greater than the High Limit 1 setting. Bits B3 and B4 — Not used.
PAGE 185
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 54 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 5-54 SCPI Command Reference Questionable Event Register: Bits B0 through B3 — Not used. Bit B4, Temperature Summary (Temp) — Set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits B5, B6 and B7 — Not used. Bit B8, Calibration Summary (Cal) — Set bit indicates that an invalid calibration constant was detected during the power-up sequence.
PAGE 186
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 55 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI Command Reference 5-55 Operation Event Register: Bits B0 through B3 — Not used. Bit B4, Measuring (Meas) — Set bit indicates that the instrument is performing a measurement. Bit B5, Triggering (Trig) — Set bit indicates that the instrument is in the Device Action block of the Trigger Model. Bits B6 through B9 — Not used. Bit B10, Idle — Set bit indicates that the instruments in the idle state.
PAGE 187
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 188
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 189
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 58 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 5-58 SCPI Command Reference :CONDition? command :CONDition? :STATus:MEASurement:CONDition? :STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? :STATus:OPERation:CONDition? Description Read Measurement Condition Register Read Questionable Condition Register Read Operation Condition Register These query commands are used to read the contents of the condition registers.
PAGE 190
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 59 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI Command Reference 5-59 :QUEue commands [:NEXT]? :STATus:QUEue[:NEXT]? Description Read Error Queue As error and status messages occur, they are placed into the Error Queue. This query command is used to read those messages. The Error Queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) register. Every time you read the queue, the “oldest” message is read and that message is then removed from the queue.
PAGE 191
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 60 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 5-60 SCPI Command Reference :ENABle :STATus:QUEue:ENABle Parameter Enable messages for Error Queue = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the Error Queue. Query :ENABle? Description On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur. Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue.
PAGE 192
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 61 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM SCPI Command Reference 5-61 :SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in Table 5-8. :BEEPer command [:STATe] :BEEPer[:STATe] Enable or disable beeper Parameters = 1 or ON Enable beeper 0 or OFF Disable beeper Query [:STATe]? Description This command is used to enable or disable the beeper for limit tests.
PAGE 193
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 62 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :POSetup command :POSetup :SYSTem:POSetup Program power-on defaults Parameters = RST PRESet SAV0 Query :POSetup? Description This command is used to select the power-on defaults. With RST selected, the instrument powers up to the *RST default conditions. With PRES selected, the instrument powers up to the :SYStem:PRESet default conditions.
PAGE 194
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 63 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :VERSion? command :VERsion? :SYSTem:VERSion? Description Read SCPI version This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard being used by the Model 2000. Example code: 1991.0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard. :ERRor? command :ERRor? :SYSTem:ERRor? Description Read Error Queue As error and status messages occur, they are placed into the Error Queue.
PAGE 195
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 64 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :AZERo commands :STATe :SYSTem:AZERo:STATe Control autozero Parameters = 1 or ON Enable autozero 0 or OFF Disable autozero Query :STATe? Description This command is used to disable or enable autozero. When enabled, accuracy is optimized. When disabled, speed is increased at the expense of accuracy.
PAGE 196
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 65 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :KEY command :SYSTem:KEY Simulate key-press Parameters = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Query :KEY? Description This command is used to simulate front panel key presses.
PAGE 197
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 198
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 67 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM RS-232 interface commands :LOCal :SYSTem:LOCal Description Take 2000 out of remote Normally, the Model 2000 is in local during RS-232 communications. In this state, front panel keys are operational. However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during RS-232 communications (see :RWLock). This action command isu sed to take the Model 2000 out of the remote state and enables the operation of front panel keys.
PAGE 199
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 68 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :TRACe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control data storage into the buffer. The commands are summarized in Table 5-9. :TRACe|:DATA The bar (|) indicates that :TRACe or :DATA can be used as the root command for this subsystem. From this point on, the documentation in this manual uses :TRACe. If you prefer to use :DATA, simply replace all the :TRACe command words with :DATA.
PAGE 200
0-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 69 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :FEED command :FEED :TRACe:FEED Specify readings source Parameters = SENSe[1] CALCulate[1] NONE Query :FEED? Description This command is used to select the source of readings to be placed in the buffer. With SENSe[1] selected, raw readings are placed in the buffer when storage is performed. With CALCulate[1] selected, calculated math readings (mx+b or PERCent or NONE) are placed in the buffer.
PAGE 201
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 70 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Trigger subsystem The Trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and subsystems to configure the Trigger Model. These commands and subsystems are summarized in Table 5-10. :INITiate commands [:IMMediate] :INITiate[:IMMediate] Description Take 2000 out of idle state This command takes the Model 2000 out of the idle state.
PAGE 202
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 71 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :TRIGger commands :COUNt :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:COUNt Set measure count Parameters = 1 to 9999 INF DEFault MINimum MAXimum Query :COUNt? :COUNt? DEFault :COUNt? MINimum :COUNt? MAXimum Description This command is used to specify how many times operation loops around in the trigger operation. For example, if the count is set to 10, operation continues to loop around until 10 device actions are performed.
PAGE 203
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 72 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :DELay :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:DELay Set trigger model delay Parameters = 0 to 999999.999 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Specify delay in seconds 0 second delay 0 second delay 999999.
PAGE 204
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 73 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :TIMer :TRIGger:[SEQuence[1]]:TIMer Set interval for measure layer timer Parameters Query = 0.001 to 999999.999 :TIMer? Description These commands are used to set the interval for the timer. Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source.
PAGE 205
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 74 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :UNIT subsystem The UNIT subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement units for TEMP, ACV, and DCV, and is summarized in Table 5-11. :TEMPerature command :TEMPerature :UNIT:TEMPerature Specify TEMP units Parameters = Query TEMPerature? Description This command is used to specify the units for temperature measurements.
PAGE 206
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 75 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM :DB:REFerence :UNIT:VOLTage:AC:DB:REFerence Specify dBm reference Parameter = le-7 to 1000 Query :REFerence? Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level. When DB units is selected (:VOLTage:AC: DB), ACV db measurements are made using the specified dB reference level. Specify reference in volts The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent.
PAGE 207
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 76 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Query :REFerence? Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level. When DB units is selected (:VOLTage[:DC]:DB), DCV dB measurements are made using the specified dB reference level. The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent. For example, a dB reference level of 1 is 1V on all DCV measurement ranges.
PAGE 208
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 209
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 210
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 211
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 212
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 213
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 214
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 215
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Example Programs All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4.5 or higher and a CEC IEEE-488 interface card with CEC driver version 2.11 or higher, with the Model 2000 at address 16 on the IEEE488 bus. The Model 2000 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions. This means, for example, that autorange can be turned on for DC voltage while leaving it off for AC voltage.
PAGE 216
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 'Example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.
PAGE 217
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Other DMMs generally have two types of triggering: one-shot and continuous. In oneshot, each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading. In continuous, the DMM is idle until the trigger source is activated, at which time it begins taking readings at a specified rate.
PAGE 218
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM When your program must wait until the Model 2000 has completed an operation, it is more efficient to program the 2000 to assert the IEEE-488 SRQ line when it is finished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An IEEE-488 controller will typically address the instrument to talk, then unaddress it, each time it performs a serial poll.
PAGE 219
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The reading buffer in the Model 2000 is flexible and capable. It has three controls, which are found in the TRACe susbsystem. There are commands to control: • The size of the buffer (in readings). TRACe:POINts • Where the data is coming from (before or after the CALCulate1 math post-processing). TRACe:FEED SENSe1 store unprocessed readings TRACe:FEED CALCualte1 store math processed readings • Select buffer control mode.
PAGE 220
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 'Example program to demonstrate the reading buffer 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.
PAGE 221
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The Model 2000-SCAN is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the Model 2000 Multimeter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the first one opens with break-before-make operation. You can use the scanner card two ways. One is to issue a command to close a particular channel before sending other commands to take readings.
PAGE 222
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM 'Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.
PAGE 223
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The following example program sets up the Model 2000 using a scan list to measure DC voltage on channels 1, 2 and 3. The meter takes ten sets of readings, with each set spaced 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The Model 2000 stores the readings in the buffer, and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full. The program waits for the SRQ, then reads the readings from the buffer.
PAGE 224
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 225
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 12 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM This programming example demonstrates a simple method to take and display (on the computer CRT) a specified number of readings. The number of readings are specified by the :SAMPle:COUNt command. When :READ? is asserted, the specified number of readings are taken. After all the readings are taken, they are sent to the computer. Note that these readings are also stored in the buffer.
PAGE 226
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM PRINT #1, “:INIT:CONT OFF;:ABORT” PRINT #1, “:SENS:FUNC ‘VOLT:DC’” PRINT #1, “:SYST:AZER:STAT OFF” PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:AVER:STAT OFF” PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:NPLC 0.
PAGE 227
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 228
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 229
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM D-2 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device-dependent commands of the Keithley Models 196/199. The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 196/199 language are provided in Table D-1. Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 196/199, some commands are different or cannot be used.
PAGE 230
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands D-3 Table D-1 (cont.
PAGE 231
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM D-4 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-1 (cont.
PAGE 232
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands D-5 Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description O0 O1 Simulated reference junction (for temperature function) Real reference junction (for temperature function) H0 Set simulated reference junction temperature using “V” command; 0 to 50 (°C).
PAGE 233
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device-dependent commands of the Fluke Models 8840A/8842A. The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 8840A/8842A language are provided in Table D-2. Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 8840A/8842A, some commands are different or cannot be used. Commands such as range, calibration, factory defaults, and self-test do not map one-for-one.
PAGE 234
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table D-2 (cont.) Models 8840A/8842A device-dependent command summary Mode Command Trigger mode Description Trigger mode T0 (default) T1 T2 T3 T4 Rear panel trigger Auto delay Internal Disabled — External Enabled On External Disabled On External Enabled Off External Disabled Off Note: Delay is enabled by entering EXT TRIG mode while in local.
PAGE 235
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Table D-2 (cont.) Models 8840A/8842A device-dependent command summary Mode GET (cont.) Command G9 G10 G11 PUT P0 P1 P4 PUT format Description Get status of JKM commands (temp. units; TC type and junction) String = 1jkm Get closed channel number String = 10nn Where: nn = 00 (all open) 01 through 10 (closed channel) Get simulated reference junction temperature String = xx.xxx (in °C) Note: G2 valid only in calibration mode.
PAGE 236
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 237
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview Basically, the IEEE-488 bus is simply a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller. Supervision by the controller consists of determining which device will talk and which device will listen.
PAGE 238
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-3 Through the use of control lines, a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer process of information from a talker to a listener. This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer. The basic handshake sequence between an active controller (talker) and a listener is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The listener indicates that it is ready to listen.
PAGE 239
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM E-4 IEEE-488 Bus Overview The IEEE-488 bus, which is also frequently referred to a the GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines. In keeping with this goal, the bus has only eight data lines that are used for both data and with most commands.
PAGE 240
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 5 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure E-1 IEEE-488 bus configuration TO OTHER DEVICES DEVICE 1 ABLE TO TALK, LISTEN AND CONTROL (COMPUTER) DATA BUS DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN 7001 DATA BYTE TRANSFER CONTROL DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN (PRINTER) GENERAL INTERFACE MANAGEMENT DEVICE 4 ONLY ABLE TO TALK D IO1 ...
PAGE 241
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 6 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM E-6 IEEE-488 Bus Overview The signal lines on the IEEE-488 bus are grouped into three different categories: data lines, management lines and handshake lines. The data lines handle bus data and commands, while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place. Each bus line is active low, with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 (true).
PAGE 242
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 7 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-7 The bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus.
PAGE 243
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM E-8 IEEE-488 Bus Overview The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE-488 interface. This section briefly describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. 1. 2. 3. 4. Uniline Commands — Sent by setting the associated bus lines true. For example, to assert REN (Remote Enable), the REN line would be set low (true).
PAGE 244
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 9 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-9 ATN, IFC and REN are asserted only by the controller. SRQ is asserted by an external device. EOI may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting the corresponding bus line true. REN (Remote Enable) — REN is sent to set up instruments on the bus for remote operation.
PAGE 245
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 10 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM E-10 IEEE-488 Bus Overview Addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen address before that instrument will respond to the command in question. Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands. Both the commands and the address preceding it are sent with ATN true.
PAGE 246
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 11 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-11 Common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset. The IEEE-488 bus treats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmitted.
PAGE 247
D2 ↓ 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D3 ↓ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 D1 ↓ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 D0 ↓ 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Column→ Row ↓ Command ) / UNIVERSAL COMMAND GROUP (UCG) ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP (ACG) SO .
PAGE 248
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 13 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM For the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table E-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sending the addressed multiline commands. In this instance, the SDC command is being sent to the instrument.
PAGE 249
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 14 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM Command groups supported by the Model 2000 are listed in Table E-5. Common commands and SCPI commands are not included in this list.
PAGE 250
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 15 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM The interface function codes, which are part of the IEEE-488 standards, define an instrument’s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the Model 2000 are listed in Table E-6.
PAGE 251
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 16 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM DT (Device Trigger Function) — DTI defines the ability of the Model 2002 to have readings triggered. C (Controller Function) — The instrument does not have controller capabilities (C0). TE (Extended Talker Function) — The instrument does not have extended talker capabilities (TE0). LE (Extended Listener Function) — The instrument does not have extended listener capabilities (LE0).
PAGE 252
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.
PAGE 253
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 2 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM F-2 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information The IEEE-488.2 standard requires specific information about how the Model 2000 implements the standard. Paragraph 4.9 of the IEEE-488.2 standard (Std 488.2-1987) lists the documentation requirements. Table F-1 provides a summary of the requirements, and provides the information or references the manual for that information. Table F-2 lists the coupled commands used by the Model 2000.
PAGE 254
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 3 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information F-3 Table F-1 (cont.) IEEE-488 documentation requirements Requirements Description or reference (15) (16) Macro information Response to *IDN (identification). (17) (18) (19) Storage area for *PUD and *PUD? Resource description for *RDT and *RDT? Effects of *RST, *RCL and *SAV. (20) *TST information. (21) (22) Status register structure. Sequential or overlapped commands.
PAGE 255
2000-900 (J - Aug 2010) BOOK.fm Page 4 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 12:29 PM F-4 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F-2 Coupled commands Command Also changes To :TRAC:POIN :TRAC:CLE :TRAC:FEED:CONT :TRAC:FEED:CONT NEV NEV Sense Subsystem Commands: ...:RANG:UPP ...:REF:ACQ ...:RANG:AUTO ...:REF OFF presently displayed reading :ROUT:CLOS :ROUT:OPEN:ALL :ROUT:SCAN:INT :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE NONE INT ... = Valid function command words (i.e.
PAGE 256
7.5X9BackCovr 12-06.qxd 1/10/07 2:45 PM Page 1 Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E Keithley Instruments, Inc. Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY • www.keithley.