FCC Part 15.247 Transmitter Certification Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transmitter Test Report FCC ID: SK9C3A-1L FCC Rule Part: 15.247 ACS Report Number: 06-0013-15C Manufacturer: Itron Electricity Metering Inc. Trade name: CENTRON® IMAGE Model: C3A1L Manual 5015 B.U.
CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide Effective Date: January 2006 DRAFT
Proprietary Rights Notice This manual contains the trade secrets and confidential information of Itron, Inc., which are not to be divulged to third parties and may not be reproduced or transmitted in whole or part, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical for any purpose, without the express written permission of Itron, Inc. All rights to designs or inventions disclosed herein, including the right to manufacture, are reserved to Itron, Inc.
Compliance With FCC Regulations FCC Part 15, Class B This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These rules are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential/commercial environment.
RF Exposure Information This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation requirements for uncontrolled environments. To maintain compliance with these requirements, the antenna and any radiating elements should be installed to ensure that a minimum separation distance of 20 cm is maintained from the general population. Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations.
Recycling Information The product you have purchased contains a battery (or batteries), circuit boards, and switches. The batteries are recyclable. At the end of the meter’s useful life, under various state and local laws, it may be illegal to dispose of certain components into the municipal waste system. Check with your local solid waste officials for details about recycling options or proper disposal.
Table of Contents Proprietary Rights Notice .........................................................................................ii Trademarks Used in This Manual .................................................................................................. ii Compliance With FCC Regulations............................................................................................... iii FCC Part 15, Class B...........................................................................................
Table of Contents Registers ......................................................................................................................................18 Kilowatt Hours....................................................................................................................18 Resetting Values................................................................................................................19 LCD Display Function..............................................................
Table of Contents Energy Data Display Items ................................................................................................41 Demand Data Display Items ..............................................................................................41 Instantaneous Data Display Items .....................................................................................42 Informational Data Display Items.......................................................................................
Table of Contents SiteScan Meter Self-Diagnostic Checks ............................................................................62 SiteScan Toolbox Mode.....................................................................................................62 SiteScan System and Installation Diagnostic Checks .......................................................66 SiteScan Diagnostic #1......................................................................................................
Table of Figures Figure 1: CENTRON Polyphase Meter Metrology .........................................................................3 Figure 2: CENTRON Personality Module Assembly......................................................................3 Figure 3: Dimensions .....................................................................................................................6 Figure 4: Removing the Board-to-Board Connector ......................................................................
CHAPTER 1 General Information In This Chapter About This Manual................................................................................................1 General Description ...............................................................................................2 Physical Description ..............................................................................................2 Product Availability...............................................................................................
General Information General Description The CENTRON meter family is a solid-state, polyphase meter used for measuring electrical energy consumption. The CENTRON incorporates a two-piece design combining a base metrology with a variety of personality modules that snap on the standard meter base.
General Information Meter bases are built specific to the metering form and are available in Form 9S CL20 and Form 16S CL200 configurations. All meter forms are auto-voltage ranging from 120 to 480 volts. An example of the metrology is shown below. Figure 1: CENTRON Polyphase Meter Metrology Personality Modules All of the personality modules in the CENTRON Polyphase meter family snap into the module holder located on the standard meter base as shown below.
General Information Product Availability The current offerings for the CENTRON are: Metrology Class 20, 120-480V, Form 9S Class 200, 120-480V, Form 16S Personality Modules CP1S—LCD (5x1 or 4x10) CP1SR—R300C (Radio Frequency) CP1SD/T/L—Demand/TOU/LP CP1SR2/R3—R300CD/R300CD3 Outputs The CP1SD, CP1ST, and CP1SL personality modules are available input/output-ready (I/O-ready). These modules contain circuitry that allows future functionality expansion through I/O modules.
General Information Operating Environment Temperature -40°C to +85°C Humidity 0% to 95% non-condensing Accuracy ± 0.2% @ unity power factor ± 0.3% @ 50% power factor Transient/Surge Suppression ANSI C37.90.1 - 1989 IEC 61000-4-4 ANSI C62.45 - 1992 Characteristic Data Temperature Rise Meets ANSI C12.1 Section 4.7.2.9 Technical Data Meets applicable standards: ANSI C12.1 - 2001 ANSI C12.16 (Solid State Meters) ANSI C12.18 (Optical Communications Protocol) ANSI C12.
General Information Dimensions The following dimensional measurements are shown in inches and (centimeters). Figure 3: Dimensions A B C D E 3.16 (8.00) 4.53 (11.50) Polycarbonate 6.29 (16.00) 6.95 (17.70) 6 2.70 (6.
CHAPTER 2 Installation In This Chapter Inspection ..............................................................................................................7 Storage...................................................................................................................7 Unpacking..............................................................................................................7 Selecting a Site .......................................................................................
Installation Installing the Meter into Service Install the meter base using standard meter installation practices. The current and potential terminals extend as blades, or bayonets, from the back of the meter. The meter is plugged into the socket so that the bayonets engage the main socket jaws that connect to the service lines. Clamping pressure on the bayonets is provided by the heavy spring pressure of the socket jaws. In some heavy-duty sockets, jaw clamping pressure is provided by a handle or wrench.
Installation 4 Remove the black board-to-board connector (1 in the figure below) between the circuit board and the metrology board by pulling it by its middle while moving it sideto-side. To maintain the integrity of the connector, only remove it when you are upgrading the meter. Figure 4: Removing the Board-to-Board Connector 5 Remove the register module, one side at a time, by pulling gently outward on the meter frame snaps (2 in the figure above) while lifting the module up.
Installation 7 Replace the board-to-board connector by aligning the top of the connector with the notches in the circuit board and pressing gently at the bottom of connector to mate the connector to metrology board. Then, gently press the top of the connector to mate it to the register module. The connector is seated correctly when you hear it snap into place. Figure 5: Circuit Board Notches Be sure to use the meter base for leverage instead of the LCD holder.
Installation 8 Ensure the board-to-board connector is fully seated by pressing firmly in on the middle of the connector. Figure 7: Board-to-Board Connector, Top 9 Carefully replace the inner protective cover. Engage the top snaps first, taking care to place the slot at the top of the cover over the IR light pipe. Failure to do so could break the light pipe. Ensure that all four meter base tabs are engaged with the slots at the top and bottom of the inner cover.
CHAPTER 3 Operation: Base Metrology In This Chapter Metrology ............................................................................................................13 Surge Protection ..................................................................................................14 Sampling..............................................................................................................14 Voltage and Current Measurement ...................................................................
Operation: Base Metrology Surge Protection Surge protection for the electronics in the CENTRON POLYPHASE meter is provided by Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs). MOVs are clamping devices that allow voltage up to a limit, and then increasingly conduct current to prevent the voltage from exceeding the limit. The MOVs on the power supply board are connected directly across the voltage inputs to the meter.
Operation: Base Metrology Voltage and Current Measurement Figure 10: Voltage and Current Measurement CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide 15
CHAPTER 4 Operation: CP1S Version In This Chapter Physical Description ............................................................................................18 Registers ..............................................................................................................18 LCD Display Function.........................................................................................19 Testing, Troubleshooting and Maintenance.........................................................
Operation: CP1S Version Physical Description The CENTRON Polyphase meter Personality Modules snap into the meter register mounting brackets to ease installation of the board. The LCD module is connected to the metrology board using the board-to-board connector. The following information is sent to the LCD module from the metrology board: Reference voltages Energy data Basic status information A connector is located at the 12 o'clock position behind the LCD for resetting the energy register.
Operation: CP1S Version Resetting Values The ZRO-C2A resets the energy register through a direct connection to the connector at the 12 o'clock position on the LCD and R300 modules. Figure 12: ZRO-C2A Resetter Connected to the CENTRON The ZRO-C2A is a pocket-sized handheld device for resetting the electronic meter readings in the CENTRON Polyphase LCD kWh meter (CP1S) and the R300 meter (CP1SR). The ZRO-C2A also resets the tamper indicators in the CP1SR. The ZRO-C2A requires that the meter Not Be Powered.
Operation: CP1S Version Non-Detented Register The Non-Detented Register displays the delivered energy plus received energy. VA VB VC kWh Figure 13: Non-Detented Register (kWhd + kWhr) Detented Register The Detented Register addresses applications requiring the reading of delivered kWh only. Received energy is discarded. VA VB VC DET kWh Figure 14: Delivered kWh with Detent Enabled (kWhd) Net Register The Net (kWh) Register addresses applications requiring residential net metering points.
Operation: CP1S Version Segment Check The Segment Check Register addresses applications requiring display scrolling between kWh and a full segment check. See Display Timing (on page 21) for factory programming options. VA VB VC NET DET kWh Figure 16: Segment Check Factory Programming Options Display Timing The display will scroll between the billing register and the segment check mode based on the factory programming option.
Operation: CP1S Version Testing, Troubleshooting and Maintenance 22 Diagnostic Display OFF Period Metrology message stopped for greater than 15 seconds and less than 10 minutes Error Power up with Phase A, B, and C voltage equal to 0 degrees noSEr Notes Missing message with diagnostic flag also written to the memory CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide
CHAPTER 5 Operation: CP1SR Version In This Chapter Standard Consumption Message (SCM)..............................................................24 Interval Data Message (IDM) ..............................................................................24 Physical Description ............................................................................................25 Registers ..............................................................................................................
Operation: CP1SR Version Standard Consumption Message (SCM) Utilizing the 96-bit Itron Standard Consumption Message protocol (SCM), the CP1SR provides the energy (kWh) consumption, module ID number, tamper indications, meter type, and error checking information in each radio frequency transmission. Within the 96-bit SCM, 26 bits are allocated to the module ID number for meter identification (also referred to as ERT ID number).
Operation: CP1SR Version Physical Description The CP1SR personality module is constructed of a flame retardant printed circuit board material which supports the discrete, surface-mounted, and integrated circuit components. A microstrip etched on the circuit board serves as the RF antenna. The CP1SR personality module easily snaps into the meter module mounting bracket. This module is then electronically attached to the metrology board via a board to board connector.
Operation: CP1SR Version The transformer rated meters can be programmed to display either a 5xTR or 4xTR. In order to determine the actual energy consumption, the display reading needs to be multiplied by the transformer ratio (TR). If the transformer ratio is 1, then the reading on the display is the actual energy consumption. The LCD display contains an electronic load indicator (or watt disk emulator).
Operation: CP1SR Version Net Metering The CP1SR module is available with the option of net metering capability. When the net option is enabled, received energy is subtracted from delivered energy. The net energy value is then displayed on the register. Resetting Values The ZRO-C2A Resetter zeros both the energy registers and tamper counters by direct connection to the CP1SR module. For more information, see the ZRO-C2A Handheld Meter Resetter for the CENTRON C1S and C1SR Operating Instructions.
Operation: CP1SR Version FCC Regulations The CP1SR communicates in the unlicensed, 910-920 MHz band governed by the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 47, Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices, Sub Part C Paragraph 249 Intentional Radiator. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Itron could void the users authority to operate the equipment. Tamper Detection The CENTRON Polyphase CP1SR features the Itron patented method of tamper detection that senses both meter removal and meter inversion.
Operation: CP1SR Version ReadOne Pro Tamper Count: Binary Tamper Count Inversion Removal 0000 0 0 0 0001 1 1 0 0010 2 2 0 0011 3 3 0 0100 4 0 1 0101 5 1 1 0110 6 2 1 0111 7 3 1 1000 8 0 2 1001 9 1 2 1010 10 2 2 1011 11 3 2 1100 12 0 3 1101 13 1 3 1110 14 2 3 1111 15 3 3 Retrofitting the CP1SR Personality Module The CENTRON R300 is a one-way radio frequency personality module that transmits within the unlicensed 910-920 MHz frequency band g
Operation: CP1SR Version Recent revisions to the CP1SR module include placing the FCC ID on the module itself. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Itron could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. To retrofit an existing meter with an R300 module, see Retrofitting with Personality Modules (on page 8).
CHAPTER 6 Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version In This Chapter Controls and Indicators........................................................................................31 Factory Reset .......................................................................................................37 Application of Power and Power-up....................................................................37 Power Down Procedures......................................................................................
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Callout Description 7 Optical Port 8 Infrared Test LED 9 Nameplate Demand Reset Button The demand reset button is located at the 6 o’clock position on the meter face. The demand reset mechanism is used to initiate a demand reset. The demand reset cover mechanism can be physically locked with a meter seal, or disabled by the meter programming software. Infrared Test LED One infrared (IR) LED is located at the 3 o’clock position of the meter nameplate.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Static Indicators Indicator Description VA, VB, VC Indicators for phase voltages being present Reactive Load Indicator: No arrow for unity PF for positive [delivered] (lag) for negative [received] (lead) 120 240 277 480 Nominal Voltage Indicator (one value appears at a time) EOI End of Interval (Registers - Dmd) Scroll Lock (indicates temporary scroll lock of a display item) Scr Loc SEL nor, SEL Alt, SEL tooL nor diSP TEST ALT TEST Selection of Normal, Alternate, or To
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Load Emulator The Load Emulator follows the Infrared Test LED. For each pulse of the Test LED, the Load Emulator increments one segment. The operation of the Load Emulator depends on the quantity being pulsed. If the quantity being pulsed is “Delivered-Only”, then the Load Emulator scrolls to the right when energy is being delivered and lights the left arrow when energy is being received.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Figure 23: Load Emulator Segment Progression for Received Power Several uni-directional quantities are available. When these quantities are programmed to LED, both the LED and the load emulator will function for delivered and received quantities.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Power Circle Quadrants The following power circle diagram shows the quadrants for watts and vars delivered and received.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Test Mode Button The Test Mode button is located at the 3 o'clock position under the meter cover. Pressing the button activates Test Mode. Test Mode is indicated by the “TEST” annunciator on the lower left of the LCD. Pressing the button a second time activates Test Alternate Mode, enabling the user to test a different energy quantity with the IR LED. Test Alternate Mode is indicated by the “TEST” and “ALT” annunciators on the lower left of the LCD.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Power Down Procedures To de-energize all electronics, remove power from the meter. A power outage is recognized any time the line voltage drops 20 percent below the lowest nominal point of the voltage range. With a standard single phase power supply, a power outage occurs when line voltage drops below 96 volts; with a polyphase power supply, a power outage occurs when line voltage drops below 45 volts.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Interval Make-up Interval Make-up applies only to Load Profile meters. During power-up processing, the Load Profile component checks if the duration of the outage exceeds the configured minimum duration time. If it does, then at least one interval will be tagged with an outage status. The interval that was active when outage occurred is tagged as a partial interval due to the outage.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version To exit Test Mode, press the TEST button. The meter will change display mode to Test Alternate. Press the TEST button again. The LCD will display “nor diSP” signifying the exit of Test Mode and entry into Normal Mode operation. Test Mode Timeout If the meter is left in Test Mode, the meter will automatically exit after a user-configurable Mode Timeout. See the PC-PRO+ Advanced online help for more information on configuring the Mode Timeout.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The following tables show items programmable for display in the modes indicated. All of the display items in the next two tables may be selected by TOU Rate. They also may be selected from the four Self Read buffers, the two Demand Reset Snapshot buffers, and Last Season Self Read buffer.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Demand Data Display Item Display Mode Normal Alternate Test X X X VA Delivered [arithmetic or vectorial] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative) X X X VA Received [arithmetic or vectorial] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative) X X X VA Lag (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative) X X X Max A (per phase: A, B, C) X X PF Average X X Min P.F.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Informational Data Display Item Display Mode Normal Alternate Days Since Demand Reset X X Demand Reset Count X X Test Diagnostic Counters 1-5 X Display On Time X X Firmware Revision X X Last Outage Date & Last Outage Time X X Last Program Date & Last Program Time X X Last Reset Date & Last Reset Time X X Last Test Date & Last Test Time X X Load Profile Pulse Weight 1-8 X X Load Research ID X X Last Season Self Read Registers X X Meter ID &
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Informational Data Display Item Time Remaining in Demand Subinterval Display Mode Normal Alternate Test X X X Time Remaining in Test Mode Toolbox4 X TOU Expiration Date X X Transformer Ratio X X User Data 1-3 X X Voltage Transformer Ratio X X X Magnetic Switch The magnetic switch enables scroll lock of display items as well as manual switching between display modes.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Alternate Display Mode The Alternate Display Mode is functionally identical to the Normal Mode. The meter itself still operates under normal measurement, but the display sequence can be programmed to show a different set of displayable items from those in the Normal Display Mode. While in Alternate Display Mode, the “ALT” annunciator on the lower left of the display designates activation of the Alternate Display Mode.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version All “PhA”, “PhB”, “PhC” quantities are displayed with a fixed decimal and no leading zeros. While displaying phase information, the load emulator cycles at a fixed rate in the direction of energy flow for that phase. The Load Emulator is not displayed while the diagnostic counters are displayed. The diagnostic counters are displayed with leading zeros (000-255). The per-phase Volt and Amp readings are Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values which are updated every second.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Values calculated in Test Mode are not added to previous billing values or stored for retrieval. After exiting Test Mode, all billing data previously transferred to non-volatile memory is retrieved, an end-of-interval (EOI) is initiated, and a new demand interval begins. Any time-related activities, such as TOU rate changes or Daylight Savings Time (DST) changes that occur while the meter is in Test Mode, are performed upon exiting Test Mode.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Measured Energy Quantity Type Phases VA-hours (vectorial or arithmetic [RMS]) aggregate Volt-hours (Vh) phase A phase B phase C average Amp-hours (Ah) phase A phase B phase C V2h aggregate 2 Ah aggregate Q-hours aggregate Directions delivered received lagging delivered received Demand Registers Demands can be calculated from any of the eight selected energy quantities. The user can configure up to ten demand registers.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Instantaneous Registers The D/T/L Register is capable of displaying Primary or Secondary Instantaneous registers, with the following exceptions: Frequency, Power Factor (PF), and Phase Angles. The user can configure the CT and VT multipliers (transformer ratios) using PC-PRO+ Advanced programming software.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Programming The software for programming this meter (PC-PRO+ Advanced) is a 32-bit Windows NT/2000/XP application. User-definable security codes in both the programming software and the meter prevent unauthorized access to the meter. Programming and/or interrogation of the meter can be accomplished through the optical port using a laptop PC and an optical probe.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Daily Patterns Each pattern defines the times during the day that rate period A, B, C, or D begins and ends. Up to 24 rate period changes may be specified for each daily pattern. Day Types There are four day types: Weekday, Saturday, Sunday, and Holiday. Each day of the week is assigned to one of the four day types. Each day type is assigned one of the four daily patterns when each season is defined. Any of the daily patterns can be used in any combination with the day types.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Rate Annunciators and Active Rate Indicators Rate annunciators are available with each demand and energy register. An A, B, C, or D will be displayed on the far right side of the LCD to indicate the rate period for each quantity being displayed. The rate annunciator that may be displayed for the Total Rate is T. T If the rate annunciator is flashing while a demand or energy value is displayed, the annunciator indicates that it is the current rate in effect.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Load Profile Load Profile (mass memory) data is stored in blocks (records) of 128 intervals. The profile interval length is the same for all channels and is independent of the interval length for demand quantities. Each interval of load profile data is identified by date and time. Each interval contains status bits indicating the occurrence of outages, Test Mode, and other significant events or errors.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Interval Lengths The load profile records data on a block interval basis. The interval length is programmable for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, or 60 minutes. The interval length is the same for all channels and is independent of the interval length for demand quantities. Power Outage The D/T/L Register flags an interval when a power outage exceeds a specified number of seconds.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The maximum number of pulses is 65,535; therefore, the smallest pulse weight (PW) that can be used is: PW min = 1800Wh = 0.0275 65,535 Since the pulse weight value must be a multiple of 0.01 in the meter, 0.03 Wh could be programmed as the pulse weight (Ke) for the kWh channel in load profile in this example. Data Storage The D/T/L Register uses non-volatile flash memory to record load profile data. Data is stored in load profile memory at the end of each interval.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Recording Duration The following equation can be used to determine the recording duration of the load profile: Recording Duration (days) = (M x I x 1024) / (1,440 x [(2 x C + 2) + ((6 x C + 4) / 128)]) M = Memory size in kilobytes C = Number of channels I = Interval Length in minutes The tables below show the recording duration for 144 kilobytes (KB) load profile memory size.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Each event log record includes an event description, a time and date stamp, and additional information on certain events. For meters with batteries, all logged events are retained through a power outage. For meters without batteries, the Event Log is periodically written to non-volatile memory. Events that occur just prior to a power outage may be lost depending on whether they were backed-up or not.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Security Pass—logon with security code succeeded SiteScan Error—a SiteScan error occurred Test Mode Entered—Test Mode or Alternate Test Mode was entered Test Mode Exited—Test Mode or Alternate Test Mode was exited Time Changed—a time adjustment forward or backward occurred TOU Schedule Error—see Non-fatal Error 3 for description Security Codes The meter security codes provide protection for meter register and load profile data.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Implementing Security Codes When a customer file is created, security codes are entered by the software (PC-PRO+ Advanced) operator. Each security code may be from 1 to 20 characters long. For example, the primary code is selected to be ABC and the secondary code is to be 123. When the software first attempts to communicate with a meter that has just been delivered from the factory, the meter has only null security codes.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Use the security code in the device Previous Security Code field. Use all nulls. Firmware Upgrades PC-PRO+ Advanced 7.2 and higher supports upgrading firmware for D/T/L Registers. When the firmware is upgraded, all billing data in the D/T/L Register is erased. After a D/T/L Register’s firmware is upgraded, you must re-initialize the meter.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Each SCM message contains tamper information.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version SiteScan Meter Self-Diagnostic Checks The CENTRON Polyphase meter performs self-diagnostic checks to confirm proper meter operation.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The PC-PRO+ Advanced software lets the user retrieve Toolbox information (the same information available by accessing the display list through the use of a magnet and magnetic switch) on an instantaneous basis with a graphical vector diagram. To best understand the values on the Toolbox display, one should graphically plot this information. Before starting to manually plot the Toolbox data, two basic definitions must be understood about the SiteScan system.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Definition 2: The SiteScan system uses the A phase voltage as a reference point. Therefore, the Toolbox Mode display of the A phase voltage angle will always be 0.0°V. The CENTRON Polyphase meter is still determining this angle and will still detect a problem if the A phase voltage angle is incorrect. A phase angle variations will manifest as errors in the other phases. After the meter sets the A phase voltage direction to 0.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The following is an example of the data available in the Toolbox Mode. This example is for a Form 9S meter wired for a 4-Wire Wye system: Phase A Display (Left Element) Phase B Display (Center Element) Phase C Display (Right Element) Voltage Phase Angles PhA 0.0° V PhB 120.5° V PhC 240.3° V Phase Voltage PhA 120.2 V PhB 115.5 V PhC 119.3 V Current Phase Angles PhA 9.0° A PhB 117.8° A PhC 246.0° A PhA 6.8 A PhB 10.2 A PhC 9.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version SiteScan System and Installation Diagnostic Checks The SiteScan on-site monitoring system has the ability to continuously monitor the site for metering installation or tampering problems through the system and installation diagnostic checks.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The system reports diagnostic errors in several ways. If a diagnostic check is enabled and an error occurs, the system will always increment the corresponding diagnostic counter by one. The range for all diagnostic counters is from 0 to 255. When the counter reaches 255, it remains there until it is reset by the user. The diagnostic checks will continue to function and report any errors even after the diagnostic counter has reached 255.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Load Line A C B C N N A IA VA VB IB B IC VC N 270 210 330 IB IA 180 0 VA VB (CBA Rotation) Ic Vc 90 Expected vector diagram at unity power factor with load connected line-to-neutral Figure 27: Form 9S CENTRON Polyphase Meter 4-Wire Delta Phasor Diagram 68 CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version B Load Line A N B C N A IA VA VB IB C IC VC N 270 240 Vc Ic 180 IA IB 0 VA (ABC Rotation) VB 120 90 Figure 28: Form 9S CENTRON Polyphase Meter 4-Wire Wye Phasor Diagram CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide 69
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Line A B C C N N A B IA VA IB VB IC Vc Load N N C B A 270 210 330 IB IA 180 0 VA VB (CBA Rotation) Ic Vc 90 Figure 29: Form 16S CENTRON Polyphase Meter 4-Wire Delta Phasor Diagram 70 CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version B Line A N B C N A IA VA IB VB C IC Vc Load N N C B A 270 240 Vc Ic 180 0 IA IB VA (ABC Rotation) VB 120 90 Expected vector diagram at unity power factor with load connected phase-to-neutral Figure 30: Form 16S CENTRON Polyphase Meter 4-Wire Wye Phasor Diagram CENTRON® Polyphase Meter Technical Reference Guide 71
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version SiteScan Diagnostic #1 The purpose of this diagnostic is to verify that all meter elements are sensing and receiving the correct voltage and current for each phase.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version A multitude of wiring conventions, phase loadings, and power factors can exist at metering sites. Therefore, the vector diagrams obtained from actual metering sites will most likely vary from those shown here. This should be expected and will cause no metering errors, but some unusual circumstances could necessitate reconfiguration of one or more of the diagnostics. For more information on SiteScan reconfiguration, refer to the PC-PRO+ Advanced documentation.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version 270 VC VB IC 180 0 IA VA IB 90 Figure 31: Diagnostic #1 Error Diagram By comparing the phasor diagram drawn from the information found in the snapshot with the typical phasor diagram, it becomes clear that the B phase voltage is incorrect. The correct phasor should be around 120°, not 300° where the phasor currently is. Since the phasor is approximately 180° off, this most likely represents a polarity problem with the B phase voltage circuit.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Phase Voltage Deviation Check Once every five seconds, the phase A voltage is combined with a user-defined percentage tolerance (x) to determine the upper and lower bounds of the acceptable range for the other voltages. The range of values for the percent tolerance is 1 to 25.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version By using the equations above and substituting in the voltages for the upper and lower limits, one can also see why the diagnostic check has failed. For Diagnostic #2 to pass, the following equations must be satisfied: 275.4 < (1 + 10%) • 119.2 and 275.4 > (1 − 10%) • 119.2 275.4 < 131.1 and 274.5 > 107.3 and 279.1 < (1 + 10%) • 119.2 and 279.1 > (1 − 10%) • 119.2 279.1 < 131.1 and 279.1 > 107.3 One can see in the above equations that 275.4 and 279.1 are not less than 131.1.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Refer to the PC-PRO+ Advanced documentation for instructions on how to program this value into the CENTRON Polyphase meter. Diagnostic #3 Error Example This example is for a Form 9S meter wired for a 277 volt, 4-Wire Wye system, but the site has a shorted current transformer. The “low current value” is set at 25 mA. The following is the information from the SiteScan snapshot when the Diagnostic #3 error is triggered.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version SiteScan Diagnostic #4 The purpose of this diagnostic is to verify that the current elements are sensing and receiving the correct current for each phase. It is basically a power factor check diagnostic.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version An example would be if a typical diagram has the C phase current angle at 240° and the user has programmed an acceptable envelope of ±45° around that phasor, then the actual current phasor must be between 195° to 285° from VA for the diagnostic to pass that check. The system will check each current phasor in a similar fashion. Here, the current vector must be within ±45° of the voltage vector for Diagnostic #4 to pass.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version The next step is to graphically plot the above information into a phasor diagram as shown in the figure below. Figure 33: Phasor Diagram By comparing the phasor diagram drawn from the information found in the snapshot versus the typical phasor diagram, it becomes clear that the C phase current is out of the userdefined envelope. The correct phasor should be around 240.0°, not the 297.0° where the phasor currently is.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Current Waveform Distortion Check Diagnostic #5 detects DC on a per-phase basis using what is know as a comb filter method. Rectified loads produce even harmonics which are typically in phase with the voltage signal. The algorithm works by summing current samples, which occur 90° after every zero crossing of the voltage waveform. This information is accumulated for a sample interval. These sample points should represent peak current values.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Phase A Display (Left Element) Phase B Display (Center Element) Phase C Display (Right Element) %TDD I 0.010 0.500 0.500 Diagnostic Counters d1 d4 d5C 0 0 0 d2 d5A d5T 0 0 0 d3 d5B d6 0 0 1 The snapshot data indicates that there was harmonic distortion on Vb. Also note that the diagnostic counter d6 has incremented to 1.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Load Indication/Direction Annunciator The CENTRON Polyphase meter is equipped with a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) load emulation indicator. The Load Emulator follows the Infrared Test LED. For each pulse of the Test LED, the Load Emulator increments one segment. The operation of the Load Emulator depends on the quantity being pulsed.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Nominal Voltage Indication Annunciator The CENTRON Polyphase meter is equipped with a nominal voltage indication annunciator. This annunciator indicates the voltage value to which the nominal voltage is nearest. Nominal voltage indication values are 120, 240, 277, and 480. Test Mode Annunciator The CENTRON Polyphase meter is equipped with a Test Mode LCD annunciator.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version If the meter is being tested using single phase test methods, a coil factor must be included in the calculations. See the table below for the appropriate factor. Meter Coil Factors Form Series A Phase Only B Phase Only C Phase Only 9(8) , 16(15,14) 3 1 1 1 1 1 When testing under true polyphase conditions, Forms 9 and 16 can only be tested as a 4-Wire Wye. These forms cannot be tested as 4-wire deltas because of present limitation inherent in the test equipment.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version 5 The current ramps (directly or through zero) to the LL current level at unity power factor. 6 A pulse from the meter starts the LL test and another pulse ends it. Most test boards use jogging (slewing) immediately following a FL or PF test to shorten the time required for the next test to start. The energy used for jogging may be more than enough to cause the next pulse from the meter even before the ramping of current or changing of phase angle is completed.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Solution 3 Install the latest test board software revision. A test board ideally should recognize no new test pulses after the completion of a test until jogging, ramping, and settling time have all transpired. Settling time should be programmed for three to six seconds. There is nothing to be gained by using settling times greater than six seconds.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Demand Test Method 1 Connect the meter under test and the reference standard in the same circuit with all voltage coils in parallel and current coils in series as per standard meter testing procedures. Figure 35: Test Connections 88 2 Apply rated voltage to the meter under test and the reference standard. Set the test current to the desired level (FL, LL, or PF test amps or any desired level within the meter rating).
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Meter Single Phase Test Constants (SPTC) Form 9 or 16 3Ø, 3W, 9, 16, or 14 3Ø, 4W, wye Series A Phase Only B Phase Only C Phase Only 0.911 .866 .0866 1 1 1 1 1 This test method is valid for kWh, kVAh, kvarh, kW, kVA, and kvar at any load or power factor. Demand Calculations With solid-state metering, conducting energy and demand tests may be considered redundant since they are both results of the same measurement.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version where: N = Coil factor (See Testing With the Infrared Test LED) SPTC=Single phase test constant (See the table in Demand Test Method) Calculation D: Actual kVA Demand kVA = kVAh x 60/T where: T = Test Mode demand interval length in minutes Field Testing Field testing of the CENTRON Polyphase meter may be accomplished with conventional methods using either the infrared test pulses or the load emulation annunciator.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Troubleshooting Typically, meters are placed in a very unfriendly environment. While the CENTRON Polyphase meter is designed to perform within this harsh environment, things can go wrong with the meter or installation. Fatal Errors Fatal errors cause the display to lock on the error code because of the possibility that billing data may have been corrupted or that the meter may not be operating correctly.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Fatal Errors Error Code Error Possible Cause Error Description FAt Front End Process or Error A problem has occurred with the metrology portion of the meter. If the meter detects this problem, return the meter for repair. FAt Power Down Error A problem has occurred while saving billing data at time of a power outage. The billing data has been corrupted. Factory Reset the meter, reprogram the meter and check for proper operation, including several power cycles.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Non-Fatal Errors Error Code Err 1----- Error Low Battery Error Possible Cause(s) Battery Voltage Low Battery Not Connected Properly Error Description A low battery check is performed once a day and upon a set clock procedure. If a low battery is detected, the condition will remain until the battery is replaced. As long as the meter is not powered down with a dead or missing battery, the meter will continue to function as normal.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Non-Fatal Errors Error Code Error Err ---4-- Reverse Power Flow Error Possible Cause(s) The configured reverse power threshold has been reached Error Description Reverse power is tested every second and an accumulator for it is maintained. If power is delivered during the second, then the accumulator is cleared. If power is received during the second, then the accumulator is incremented.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Non-Fatal Errors Error Code Err - 9--- Error SiteScan Error Possible Cause(s) SiteScan auto service detection could not determine the meter's service type. Error Description This is tested after the powerup delay time has expired following a power-up, an exit Test mode and a reconfigure of SiteScan configuration data. While this condition is present, SiteScan Diagnostics and Voltage Quality are disabled.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Time and Date Wrong (TOU Version) Time/Date Wrong in PC or Handheld Device—Verify and update time/date in programming device and download new time and date to meter. Refer to the appropriate software manual for more detailed directions. Wrong Line Frequency—Verify proper line frequency is selected in setup routine in programming software. Select proper frequency and reconfigure meter. Battery Failure During Power Outage—Verify battery voltage.
Operation: CP1SD/T/L Version Register Board not Properly Installed in Upper Housing—Verify that the Register board is fully engaged with the inner cover. Switch or Electronic Failure—Return meter for repair. Diagnostic 1 Condition Incorrectly Active Verify that meter determined the correct service type. Diagnostic 2, 3, or 4 Condition Incorrectly Active Verify that thresholds are not set too tight. Counters Are Too High Verify that thresholds are not set too tight.
Glossary of Terms A floating decimal annunciator A display format that allows a maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal, but can display any number of digits to the right of the decimal equal to or less than that number specified A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) label that is displayed to identify a particular quantity being displayed B baud Unit of data transmission signalling speed, roughly analogous to bits per second (bps) L LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED D Light-Emitting Diode displ
Index About This Manual • 1 Alternate Display Mode • 45 annunciator • 99 Annunciators • 83 antenna RF • 25 Application of Power and Power-up • 37 base • 2 base metrology • 13 Battery Carryover • 52 baud • 99 Bit Resolution • 53 Blank Display • 96 board-to-board connector • 8, 17 button test mode • 8 power removal • 28 Counters Are Too High • 98 cover • 7 inner • 8 See also inner cover and outer cover • 8 Cross-Phase, Polarity, and Energy Flow Check • 73 Crystal Time synchronization • 7 Current Angle Tole
Index Display Timing • 21 Installation • 7 Installing D/T/L Register Firmware on the PC • 60 Installing the Meter into Service • 8 Instantaneous Data Display Items • 42 Instantaneous Registers • 49 Interrogation • 49 Interrogation and Programming • 49 Interval Data Message (IDM) • 24 Interval Lengths • 54 Interval Make-up • 39 inversion counter • 28 inversion tamper (ITPR) • 28 IR light pipe • 8 ITPR • 28 EEPROM • 99 Electrical • 4 electronic detent • 99 Electronic Detent • 26 electronic load indicator •
Index Meter Base • 2 meter cover • 7 meter inversion • 28 meter removal • 28 meter storage • 7 Metrology • 13 metrology base • 2 metrology board • 8, 28 metrology circuit board • 2 Mode Timeout • 44 module LCD • 18 R300 • 23 register • 8 module holder • 3 MOV • 2 Net Metering • 27 Net Register • 20 Nominal Voltage Indication Annunciator • 84 Non-Detented Register • 19 R Non-Fatal Errors • 93 nonvolatile memory • 99 non-volatile memory • 23 Normal Display Mode • 44 Normal Mode • 39 Operating Environment •
Index Retrofitting with Personality Modules • 8, 30 reverse current flow • 28 reverse energy flow • 18, 26 reverse power flow • 28 RF antenna • 25 RS-232 • 99 RTPR • 28 Sampling • 14 SCM Testing • 28 Scroll Lock • 44 Season Change • 52 Seasonal Schedules • 51 Security Codes • 58 Segment Check • 21 segment test • 8 Selecting a Site • 7 Self Read and Snapshot Registers • 49 silent time • 27 SiteScan Diagnostic #1 • 73 SiteScan Diagnostic #2 • 75 SiteScan Diagnostic #3 • 77 SiteScan Diagnostic #4 • 79 SiteSc
