SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Document Title SIM808_Hardware_Design_V1.00 Version 1.00 Date 2014-03-27 Status Release Document Control ID SIM808_Hardware Design General Notes SIMCom offers this information as a service to its customers, to support application and engineering efforts that use the products designed by SIMCom. The information provided is based upon requirements specifically provided to SIMCom by the customers.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Contents Contents.................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Version History ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1 Introduction................................................................................................................
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.9.1 Antenna Interface ................................................................................................................................ 39 4.10 SIM Card Interface ................................................................................................................................. 39 4.10.1 SIM Card Application...................................................................................................................... 40 4.10.
Smart Machine Smart Decision A. Related Documents.......................................................................................................................................... 63 B. Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 64 C. Safety Caution ..............................................................................................................................................
Smart Machine Smart Decision TABLE 43: VDD_EXT CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................... 56 TABLE 44: VRTC CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................................................... 56 TABLE 45: GSM CURRENT CONSUMPTION*............................................................................................................
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure Index FIGURE 1: SIM808 FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................... 14 FIGURE 2: SIM808 PIN OUT DIAGRAM (TOP VIEW) ............................................................................................... 15 FIGURE 3: DIMENSIONS OF SIM808(UNIT: MM)................................................................................................
Smart Machine Smart Decision FIGURE 48: REFERENCE CIRCUIT OF NETLIGHT .................................................................................................. 50 FIGURE 49: RF_SYNC SIGNAL DURING TRANSMIT BURST ................................................................................ 51 FIGURE 50: GSM ANTENNA MATCHING CIRCUIT ................................................................................................. 51 FIGURE 51: GPS ANTENNA MATCHING CIRCUIT...........................
Smart Machine Smart Decision Version History Date Version Description of change Author 2014-03-27 1.00 Origin ShengWu.Sun Xuegang.Wang SIM808_Hardware Design_V2.00 8 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 1 Introduction This document describes SIM808 hardware interface in great detail. This document can help user to quickly understand SIM808 interface specifications, electrical and mechanical details. With the help of this document and other SIM808 application notes, user guide, users can use SIM808 to design various applications quickly. 2 SIM808 Overview Designed for global market, SIM808 is integrated with a high performance GSM/GPRS engine, a GPS engine and a BT engine.
Smart Machine Smart Decision z can search the 4 frequency bands automatically. The frequency bands also can be set by AT command “AT+CBAND”. For details, please refer to document [1].
Smart Machine Smart Decision Firmware upgrade Firmware upgrading by USB interface. Table 2: GPS engine Performance Performance Parameter Description Horizontal Position Accuracy(1) Autonomous <2.5 m Velocity Accuracy(2) Without Aid 0.1 m/s DGPS 0.05 m/s Acceleration Accuracy Without Aid 0.1 m/s2 DGPS 0.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 2.2 Operating Modes The table below summarizes the various operating modes of SIM808. Table 4: Overview of operating modes Mode Normal operation Function GSM/GPRS SLEEP Module will automatically go into sleep mode if the conditions of sleep mode are enabling and there is no on air and no hardware interrupt (such as GPIO interrupt or data on serial port). In this case, the current consumption of module will reduce to the minimal level.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 2.3 SIM808 Functional Diagram The following figure shows a functional diagram of SIM808: z The GSM baseband engine z The GPS engine z Flash z The GSM radio frequency part z The antenna interface z The other interfaces Figure 1: SIM808 functional diagram SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 14 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 3 3.1 Package Information Pin out Diagram Figure 2: SIM808 pin out diagram (Top view) SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 15 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 3.2 Pin Description Table 5: Pin description Pin name Pin number I/O Description Comment I SIM808 supplies 3 VBAT pins, and the power range is from 3.4V to 4.4V. Power supply should provide sufficient current so that the module can work normally; the peak current is nearly 2A. Zener diode is Strongly recommended to anti surge on VBAT. Power supply VBAT 4,5,6 VRTC 17 I/O Power supply for RTC It is recommended to connect VRTC to a battery or a capacitor (e.g. 4.
Smart Machine Smart Decision GPIO GPIO5 43 I/O GPIO6 44 I/O Programmable output. general NETLIGHT 50 O Network status STATUS 49 O Power on status DTR 9 I Data terminal ready RI 10 O Ring indicator DCD 11 O Data carrier detect CTS 12 O Clear to send RTS 13 I Request to send TXD 14 O Transmit data RXD 15 I Receive data VBUS 25 I USB_DP 26 I/O USB_DM 27 I/O purpose input and Can not multiplex with GPIO function. Serial port Keep floating unused.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Other signal RESET 16 I Reset input(Active low) 1PPS 37 I Time Mark outputs timing pulse related to receiver time 3.3 If unused, keep open. Package Dimensions Figure 3: Dimensions of SIM808(Unit: mm) SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 18 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure 4: Recommended PCB footprint outline(Unit: mm) SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 19 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4 4.1 GSM Application Interface Power Supply The power supply range of SIM808 is from 3.4V to 4.4V.Recommended voltage is 4.0V.The transmitting burst will cause voltage drop and the power supply must be able to provide sufficient current up to 2A. For the VBAT input, a bypass capacitor (low ESR) such as a 100 µF is strongly recommended. Increase the 33PF and 10PF capacitors can effectively eliminate the high frequency interference. A 5.
Smart Machine Smart Decision If there is a high drop-out between the input and the desired output (VBAT), a DC-DC power supply will be preferable because of its better efficiency especially with the 2A peak current in burst mode of the module. The following figure is the reference circuit. Figure 7: Reference circuit of the DC-DC power supply The single 3.7V Li-ion cell battery can be connected to SIM808 VBAT pins directly.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure 9: The minimal VBAT voltage requirement at VBAT drop 4.1.2 Monitoring Power Supply The AT command “AT+CBC” can be used to monitor the VBAT voltage. For detail, please refer to document [1]. 4.2 Power on/down SIM808 4.2.1 4.2.1.1 Power on SIM808 Turn on SIM808 Using the PWRKEY Pin (Power on) User can power on SIM808 by pulling down the PWRKEY pin for at least 1 second and release.
Smart Machine Smart Decision The power on scenarios is illustrated as following figure. Figure 12: Timing of power on module When power on procedure is completed, SIM808 will send following URC to indicate that the module is ready to operate at fixed baud rate. RDY This URC does not appear when autobauding function is active. Note: User can use AT command “AT+IPR=x” to set a fixed baud rate and save the configuration to non-volatile flash memory.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.2.2 Power down SIM808 SIM808 will be powered down in the following situations: z Normal power down procedure: power down SIM808 by the PWRKEY pin. z Normal power down procedure: power down SIM808 by AT command “AT+CPOWD=1”. z Abnormal power down: over-voltage or under-voltage automatic power down. z Abnormal power down: over-temperature or under-temperature automatic power down. NOTE:The VBUS pin should not be charged, otherwise ,the module will not be powered down. 4.2.2.
Smart Machine Smart Decision For detail about the AT command “AT+CPOWD”, please refer to document [1] 4.2.2.3 Over-voltage or Under-voltage Power down The module software monitors the VBAT voltage constantly. If the voltage ≤ 3.5V, the following URC will be reported: UNDER-VOLTAGE WARNNING If the voltage ≥ 4.3V, the following URC will be reported: OVER-VOLTAGE WARNNING If the voltage < 3.4V, the following URC will be reported, and the module will be automatically powered down.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure 15: Reset Circuit The typical value of RESET pin high level is 2.8V, so for the 3V or 3.3V, customer could use MCU’s GPIO to driver this pin directly, resistor in serial the RESET signal could enhance the ESD performance but the value should not be too high, otherwise the level of RESET could be lower than threshold value; RESET hardware parameters can refer to the following table.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.3.1 Function Mode There are three functionality modes, which could be set by the AT command “AT+CFUN=”. The command provides the choice of the functionality levels =0, 1, 4. z AT+CFUN=0: minimum functionality. z AT+CFUN=1: full functionality (default). z AT+CFUN=4: flight mode (disable RF function). Table 8: The current consumption of function modes (BS-PA-MFRMS=5) Current consumption(uA) (CSCLK=1) 0 869.5 1 1400 4 922.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.4 Charging Interface SIM808 has integrated a charging circuit inside the module for Li-Ion batteries charging control, which make it very convenient for user’s applications that support battery charging. A common connection is shown in the following figure: 5V VBUS VBAT M o d u le B a tte ry P a ck Figure 17: SIM808 with battery charger and pack connection 4.4.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Max Charge Current 1.0C Charge Method CC / CV (Constant Current / Constant Voltage) Max Discharge Current 1.0C (for continuous discharging mode) Discharge Cut-off Voltage 3.0V/ cell Internal resistance Initial≤150mΩ 4.4.3 Implemented Charging Technique SIM808 has battery charging function, but default function is not support for charging, the customer should input AT command to enable charging function.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.4.5 Charger Requirements Following is the requirements of charger for SIM808: z Simple transformer power plug z Output voltage: 5.0V~7V z Minimum supply current: 800mA z A 10V peak voltage is allowed for maximum 1ms when charging current is switched off. z A 1.6A peak current is allowed for maximum 1ms when charging current is switched on. 4.5 RTC Backup Current input for RTC when the VBAT is not supplied for the system.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Coin-type rechargeable battery is recommended, such as XH414H-IV01E from Seiko can be used. Typical charge-discharge curves for this battery are shown in the following figure. Figure 21: Seiko XH414H-IV01E charge-discharge characteristic 4.6 Serial Port and USB Interface SIM808 provides one unbalanced asynchronous serial port. The module is designed as a DCE (Data Communication Equipment). The following figure shows the connection between module and client (DTE).
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.6.1 Function of Serial Port Serial port: z Full modem device. z Contains data lines TXD and RXD, hardware flow control lines RTS and CTS, status lines DTR, DCD and RI. z Serial port can be used for CSD FAX, GPRS service and AT communication..
Smart Machine Smart Decision change the resistors in the following figure from 5.6K to 14K. Figure 23: Level converting by resistor If the voltage of UART is 3V or3.3V, user also can use following reference circuits: Figure 24: Isolation circuit by diodes Note: when a diode used to isolate voltage cross, customer should notice that there’s voltage drop on the diode. And the signal’s voltage level should meet the customer’s electrical character. The recommend diode is Schottky diode e.g.
Smart Machine Smart Decision VDD_EXT Customer VDD_EXT MCUVDD 4.7K 4.7K Module 47K MCUTXD RXD Figure 26: RX level converting by transistor Note: The recommend Transistors’ part numbers are 2SC4617TLR and PBHV8115Z. when update firmware via the TXD/RXD circuit as figure 25 and figure 26 shows, customer should make sure the VDD_EXT has voltage output, or a external LDO should be added to power VDD_EXT. 4.6.3 USB Interface USB interface supports software debug function.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.6.4 Software Upgrade and Debug Only USB and interface can be used for firmware upgrade. If customer upgrading firmware via the USB port, SIM808 must be powered first, then connect VBUS, USB_DP, USB_DM and GND to PC. There is no need to operate PWRKEY pin in the whole procedure, when SIM808 detects VBUS and could communicate normally by USB_DP and USB_DM, module will enter USB download mode automatically.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure 29: RI behaviour of data calling as a receiver Figure 30: RI behaviour of URC or receive SMS However, if the module is used as caller, the RI will remain high. Please refer to the following figure. RI HIGH LOW Idle Ring Establish the call Hang up the call Idle Figure 31: RI behaviour as a caller 4.8 Audio Interfaces SIM808 provides one analog input, which could be used for electret microphone. The module also provides one analog output.
Smart Machine Smart Decision In order to improve audio performance, the following reference circuits are recommended. The audio signals have to be layout according to differential signal layout rules as shown in following figures. 4.8.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.8.3 Audio Electronic Characteristics Table 15: Microphone input characteristics Parameter Min Mic biasing voltage Typ Max Unit 1.9 2.2 V 2 mA 27 KΩ -67 dBm Working Current Input impedance(differential) 13 20 Idle channel noise SINAD Input level:-40dBm0 29 dB Input level:0dBm0 69 dB Table 16: Audio output characteristics parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Normal output RL=32 Ω receiver - 90 - mW 4.8.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.9 Bluetooth SIM808 supports Bluetooth function, customer only needs to design the Bluetooth antenna, and then customer can operate Bluetooth conveniently by AT commands. For the detail commands about Bluetooth please refer to document [1] z Fully compliant with Bluetooth specification3.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.10.1 SIM Card Application Table 17: SIM pin definition Name Pin function SIM_VDD 29 Voltage supply for SIM card. Support 1.8V or 3V SIM card SIM_DATA 30 SIM data input/output SIM_CLK 31 SIM clock SIM_RST 32 SIM reset SIM_PRE 33 SIM card detection It is recommended to use an ESD protection component such as ON (http://onsemi.com ) SMF12CT1G. Note that the SIM peripheral circuit should be close to the SIM card socket.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.10.2 SIM Card Design Consideration SIM card circuit is susceptible to interference, causing the SIM card failures or some other situations, so it is strongly recommended to follow these guidelines while designing: z Make sure that SIM card holder should far away from GSM antenna while in PCB layout. z SIM traces should keep away from RF lines, VBAT and high-speed signal lines. z The traces should be as short as possible.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Table 18: Pin description (Molex SIM card holder) Pin name Signal Description C1 SIM_VDD SIM card power supply C2 SIM_RST SIM card reset C3 SIM_CLK SIM card clock C3 GND Connect to GND C5 GND Connect to GND C6 VPP Not connect C7 SIM_DATA SIM card data I/O C8 SIM_PRE Detect SIM card presence For 6-pin SIM card holder, SIMCom recommends to use Amphenol C707 10M006 5122 .User can visit http://www.amphenol.com for more information about the holder.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.11 PCM Interface SIM808 provides PCM interface. Table 20: PCM pin definition Pin name Pin number Description PCM_OUT 48 PCM data output PCM_IN 47 PCM data input PCM_SYNC 45 PCM synchrony PCM_CLK 46 PCM clock SIM808 PCM interface only supports master mode, data length is 16 bits (linear), and PCM clock rate is 256 KHz.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.11.2 PCM Interface Refer to the following figure for PCM design: Figure 40: PCM reference circuit 4.11.3 LCD Display/SPI Interface SIM808 provides a serial interface. It could be used as SPI interface in the embedded AT application. For details about embedded AT application, please refer to document [1].
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.11.4 SD Card Interface DAT2 DAT3 MC3DA2 MC3DA3 MC3CM0 VDD_EXT MC3CK VSS MC3DA0 MC3DA1 CMD VDD CLK VSS DAT0 DAT1 SD card Module Figure 42: SD reference circuit If the VDD of SD card is 2.8V, user can use VDD_EXT power the SD card directly. If the VDD is 3.3V, customer should design the power circuit external. 4.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Module supports a new keypad connection, it can support 4*4*2 amount 32 keypads, meet full keyboard demand, and the connection diagram is as follow: Figure 44: Extended keypad reference circuit Note: Do not change the 20KΩ resistor in the diagram. Customer should add a resistor to enhance the ESD performance and the value of resistor should be less than 1KΩ, the connection diagram is shown in follow figure as an example.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Figure 46: Keypad detected Table 23: Pin definition of the keypad interface Name Pin Function Default state COL0 62 COL1 61 COL2 60 COL3 59 Pull down ROW0 58 Pull down ROW1 57 ROW2 56 ROW3 55 Pull up Keypad matrix column Keypad matrix row Pull down Pull down Pull down Pull down Pull down Table 24: Keypad multiplex function Pin name Pin number Mode 0(default) Mode 1 COL0 62 COL0 GPIO18 COL1 61 COL1 GPIO17 COL2 60 COL2 GPIO16 COL3 59 C
Smart Machine Smart Decision z Adjustable clock speed for LS/FS mode operation z Support 7-bit/10-bit addressing z Support high speed mode z Support slave clock extension z START/STOP/REPEATED condition z Manual transfer mode z Multi-write per transfer (up to 8 data bytes for non-DMA mode) z Multi-read per transfer (up to 8 data bytes for non-DMA mode) z Multi-transfer per transaction z Combined format transfer with length change capability Active drive/write-and I/O configuration Table 25: Pin definition
Smart Machine Smart Decision “AT+CADC” to read the voltage value. For details of this AT command, please refer to document [1]. Table 29: ADC specification Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Voltage range 0 - 2.8 V ADC Resolution - 10 - bits Sampling rate - - 1.0833 MHz 10 20 mV ADC precision Note: the voltage should less than 2.8V, or the ADC may be damaged. 4.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Pin name Pin number Mode 0(default) Mode 1 PWM1 42 PWM1 GPIO4 PWM2 41 GPIO3 PWM2 4.16 Network Status Indication Table 33: Pin definition of the NETLIGHT Pin name Pin number Description NETLIGHT 50 Network Status Indication The NETLIGHT pin can be used to drive a network status indication LED.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 4.18 RF Synchronization Signal The synchronization signal serves to indicate growing power consumption during the transmit burst. Table 36: Definition of the RF_SYNC pin Pin name Pin number Description RF_SYNC 63 Transmit synchronization signal Note: Do not pull up RF_SYNC. The timing of the synchronization signal is shown in the following figure. High level of the RF_SYNC signal indicates increased power consumption during transmission.
Smart Machine Smart Decision only can be got after the antenna tuning. Usually, matching components’ value is provided by antenna vendor, the default value of R101 and R102 are 0Ω, and reserve the place of C101 and C102 without soldering. The RF test connector in Figure 50 is used for conducted RF performance test, and should be placed as close as possible to the module’s RF_ANT pad. The traces in bold type should be treated as 50Ω impedance controlled line in PCB layout.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 5.2 GPS Power on/down Scenarios 5.2.1 Power on GPS engine User can power on GPS engine by sending AT command “AT+CGPSPWR=1”. 5.2.2 Power down GPS engine User can power down GPS engine by sending AT command “AT+CGPSPWR=0”. 5.3 GPS Antenna Interface 5.3.1 GPS Antenna Interface The customer’s GPS antenna also can be located in the customer’s main board and connect to module’s GPS_ANT pad through microstrip line or other type RF trace which impendence must be 50Ω.
Smart Machine Smart Decision z Proper ground plane sizing is a critical consideration for small GPS antennas. z Proper placement of the GPS antenna should always be the FIRST consideration in integrating the SIM808 GPS Module. If the customer’s design will allow for a ceramic RHCP patch antenna with an appropriately sized ground plane, and the patch is normally oriented towards the sky, then that particular solution usually works the best.
Smart Machine Smart Decision * VBAT - - 4.5 V Peak Current 0 - 2.0 A VBUS - - 30 V II* - - 8 mA IO* - - 8 mA These parameters are for digital interface pins, such as keypad, GPIO, I2C, UART, LCD and PCM.. 6.2 Recommended Operating Conditions Table 39: Recommended operating conditions Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit VBAT Power supply voltage 3.4 4.0 4.4 V TOPER Operating temperature -40 +25 +85 ℃ TSTG Storage temperature -45 +90 ℃ 6.
Smart Machine Smart Decision VOL 6.5 - - 0.36 V - - 0.4 V Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Output voltage - 3 - - 1.80 - - - 10 mA Low-level output voltage SIM_VDD Characteristics Table 42: SIM_VDD characteristics Symbol VO IO 6.6 Output voltage V VDD_EXT Characteristics Table 43: VDD_EXT characteristics Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit VO Output voltage 2.70 2.80 2.95 V IO Output current - - 50 mA 6.
Smart Machine Smart Decision IVBAT Average current IMAX Peak current Power down mode 38 50 uA Sleep mode (AT+CFUN=1): ( BS-PA-MFRMS=9 ) ( BS-PA-MFRMS=5) ( BS-PA-MFRMS=2) 1.965 1.7 1.4 mA mA mA Idle mode (AT+CFUN=1): EGSM900 22.1 mA Voice call (PCL=5): GSM850 EGSM900 DCS1800 PCS1900 207.63 202.32 139.825 137.805 mA mA Data mode GPRS (1Rx,4Tx): GSM850 EGSM900 DCS1800 PCS1900 445.82 424.32 293.62 279.18 mA mA Data mode GPRS (3Rx,2Tx): GSM850 EGSM900 DCS1800 PCS1900 329.79 220.62 223.
Smart Machine Smart Decision SPK1P/ SPK1N MIC1P/ MIC1N ±4KV ±8KV PWRKEY ±4KV ±8KV Note: It is suggested that customers in serials with 100ohm resistances on UART lines for ESD consideration. 6.10 Radio Characteristics 6.10.1 Module RF Output Power The following table shows the module conducted output power, it is followed by the 3GPP TS 05.05 technical specification requirement.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 29 36 ±2 ±2.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 6.10.3 Module Operating Frequencies The following table shows the module’s operating frequency range; it is followed by the 3GPP TS 05.05 technical specification requirement. Table 50: SIM808 operating frequencies Frequency Receive Transmit GSM850 869 ~ 894MHz 824 ~ 849 MHz EGSM900 925 ~ 960MHz 880 ~ 915MHz DCS1800 1805 ~ 1880MHz 1710 ~ 1785MHz PCS1900 1930 ~ 1990MHz 1850 ~ 1910MHz SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 60 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 7 7.1 Manufacturing Top and Bottom View of SIM808 Figure 52: Top and Bottom View of SIM808 7.2 Typical Solder Reflow Profile Figure 53: Typical Solder Reflow Profile Note: Please refer to《Module secondary-SMT-UGD》 for more information about the module shipping and manufacturing. SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 61 2014.03.
Smart Machine Smart Decision 7.3 The Moisture Sensitivity Level The moisture sensitivity level of SIM808 is 3. The module should be mounted within 168 hours after unpacking in the environmental conditions of temperature <30°C and relative humidity of <60% (RH).
Smart Machine Smart Decision Appendix A.
Smart Machine Smart Decision B.
Smart Machine Smart Decision RTC Real Time Clock RX Receive Direction SIM Subscriber Identification Module SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation Systems SMS Short Message Service TE Terminal Equipment, also referred to as DTE TX Transmit Direction UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver & Transmitter URC Unsolicited Result Code USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System Phonebook abbreviations FD SIM fix dialing phonebook LD SIM last dialing phonebook
Smart Machine Smart Decision GSM cellular terminals or mobiles operate over radio frequency signals and cellular networks and cannot be guaranteed to connect in all conditions, for example no mobile fee or a invalid SIM card. While you are in this condition and need emergent help, please remember using emergency calls. In order to make or receive calls, the cellular terminal or mobile must be switched on and in a service area with adequate cellular signal strength.
Smart Machine Smart Decision Contact us: Shanghai SIMCom Wireless Solutions Ltd. Add: SIM Technology Building, No.633, Jinzhong Road,Changning District,Shanghai P.R. China 200335 Tel: +86 21 3252 3300 Fax: +86 21 3252 3301 URL: www.sim.com/wm SIM808_Hardware Design_V1.00 67 2014.03.