User Manual

June 10, 2021 Ecoh 915 Manual 1.0.3 Pag. 8 of 25
4.5. LoRaWAN protocol and parameters
LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocol. It is a spread-spectrum
modulation technique at extremely low data-rates which permits sending data achieving long
ranges.
The most important LoRaWAN parameters are:
●
LoRaWAN EUI: Read-only, 8-byte, unique identifier which defines each LoRaWAN module in the
market.
●
Device EUI: Read/write, 8-byte identifier configured into the LoRaWAN module to be used
as operating identifier. By default, the "LoRaWAN EUI" of the module is factory-
configured as "Device EUI" in the Smart Parking Sensor.
●
Join mode: ABP or OTAA. Defines how the module joins the network. Different keys are
needed for each method.
●
Device address: Needed for ABP. The 4-byte address of the the LoRaWAN module.
Must be unique in its own sub-network.
●
Network Session Key: Needed for ABP. The 16-byte AES key. Used to generate Message
Integrity Check.
●
Application Session Key: Needed for ABP. The 16-byte AES key. Used to encrypt data.
●
Application EUI: Needed for OTAA. The 8-byte application identifier. Needed for
opening an OTAA session and exchange encryption keys.
●
Application Key: Needed for OTAA. The 16-byte key. Needed for opening an OTAA
session and exchange encryption keys.
●
Data-rate: Defines the transmission rate (bits per second). Each data-rate setting
combines different Spreading Factor (SF) and bandwidth (BW). By default, all LoRaWAN
regions use the same data-rate (DR 0). However, depending on the region, that means
different SF and BW:
-
LoRaWAN EU863-870 version: SF12 / 125 kHz
-
LoRaWAN US902-928 version: SF10 / 125 kHz
●
ADR: Adaptive Data Rate setting which can be enabled or disabled. If ADR is enabled,
the server will optimize the data-rate based on the information collected from the
network: the RSSI / SNR of the last received packets.
If you are interested in further information about LoRaWAN specifications, please refer to the LoRa
Alliance specifications document.