ZT8101 Switch User’s Manual December 2001
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Contents Contents 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 9 Highlights .............................................................................................................................. 9 Ethernet Features ................................................................................................................. 9 Layer 2 Switching Functions .........................................
Contents Priority................................................................................................................................. 26 Filtering ............................................................................................................................... 26 MAC Address Filtering ........................................................................... 27 IP Address Filtering................................................................................
Contents Switch Information .................................................................................................49 Basic Switch Setup ................................................................................................49 Network Management Setup .................................................................................51 To configure SNMP................................................................................51 To configure trap recipients ...........................
Contents To configure a port for mirroring ............................................................ 71 VLAN Configuration ............................................................................................... 71 To configure GVRP globally................................................................... 71 To create or modify a port-based VLAN ................................................ 72 To create or modify an 802.1Q VLAN....................................................
Contents To update firmware ................................................................................92 To download a configuration file ............................................................93 To upload a configuration file.................................................................93 To upload a history log file .....................................................................93 To test connectivity with ping .................................................................
Contents Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 113 To configure a link aggregation group ................................................. 114 Layer 3 - IP Networking .................................................................................................... 114 Setting Up IP Interfaces....................................................................................... 114 To set up IP interfaces on the switch ........
Introduction 1 The ZT8101 board is a high performance managed switch that supports both Layer 2 and Layer 3 features. For fast connection speeds and flexibility, it has 24 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet ports and 2 gigabit Ethernet ports in a 6U CompactPCI* form factor board. The in-chassis switch minimizes external wiring and needs no extra rack height, thus improving density and reliability.
Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • Per device packet buffer: 512 KB 8.8 Gbps switching fabric capacity Store and forward switching forwarding mode 8 KB Layer 2 MAC address Broadcast and multicast storm control Port mirroring Port aggregation IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLANs GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) for automatic VLAN configuration IEEE 802.
Introduction Management Functions • • • • • RS-232 port for out-of-band management and system diagnostics Telnet remote control console Web-based management console SNMP v1 Agent Supported MIBs — MIB-II — Bridge MIB — RMON MIB (Statistics, History, Alarm, Event) — RIP MIB — CIDR MIB — 802.1p MIB • • • • TFTP IP filtering on management interface DHCP client Password enabled Warranty 2 years Product Information and Sales Support Tel. (805) 541-0488 www.Intel.com ZiatechInfo@Intel.
Introduction 12 ZT8101 User’s Manual
Installation and Initial Setup 2 This chapter provides installation and initial setup information for the switch. Installing the Board These instructions explain the mechanical aspects of installing a ZT8101board. The board should be installed in a PICMG* 2.16 compliant fabric slot. 1. System power does not need to be off to insert a ZT8101 board. 2. Prepare the board by opening the injector/ejector mechanisms. Injector/Ejector Operations Open Closed 3.
Installation and Initial Setup Power on After the power switch is turned on, the LED indicators should respond as follows: • All LED indicators will momentarily blink, which represents a reset of the system. • The board status LED indicator will blink while the switch loads onboard software and performs a self-test. After approximately 20 seconds, the LED will light again to indicate the switch is in a ready state. • The hot-swap LED indicator will be off.
Installation and Initial Setup Identifying External Components This chapter describes the front panel and the LED indicators of the ZT-8101switch. The front panel consists of LED indicators, a management serial port, a toggle button, two 10/100 Ethernet ports, and two 100/1000 Ethernet ports.
Installation and Initial Setup Status LEDs The two LEDs at the bottom of the font panel are status LEDs. The top LED indicates the overall status of the board and the bottom LED indicates the hot swap status of the board. Health Status LED Status Meaning Off Not powered. Green Powered and functioning normally.
Installation and Initial Setup Link / Speed LED Mode Port Type 10/100 100/1000 Status Meaning Off 10 Mb/s Solid Green 100 Mb/s Solid Green 100 Mb/s Solid Amber 1000 Mb/s Getting Started with Management The switch contains the following components: • A CPU • Memory for data storage • Flash memory for configuration data, operational programs, and SNMP agent firmware. These components allow you to manage and monitor the switch from either the board’s serial port or the network itself.
Installation and Initial Setup The serial port on the front panel uses Cisco* cable kit (Order Number: ACS-DSBUASYN). This kit includes a DB25 terminal adapter, a DB-9 terminal adapter, and RJ-45 rollover cable. A terminal (such as a VT-100) or a computer running a terminal emulation program (such as HyperTerminal, which is automatically installed with Windows*) is connected to this cable.
Installation and Initial Setup 2. To configure the IP address, use the Arrow keys or the Tab key to modify the settings in the New Switch IP Settings column. Parameter Default Description Get IP From Manual Specifies the method for assigning the switch an IP address. Use the spacebar to toggle to Manual, DHCP, or BOOTP. IP Address 10.90.90.90 Specifies the IP address assigned to the switch. Subnet Mask 255.0.0.
Installation and Initial Setup 4. When the power on self test message appears, press the # key and wait for the following message: Please change your baud rate to 115200 for the Zmodem upgrade, or press CTRL+C to go to the BOOT Menu. If you press CTRL+C, you can configure the baud rate to a different value. 5. Change HyperTerminal’s baud rate to match the target’s setting. 6. Use the Send File function of HyperTerminal to upgrade the firmware.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts 3 This chapter describes many of the concepts you need to understand to configure and manage the switch. It also describes many of the features available for managing the switch. The instructions for configuring the switch are in chapter 4 (Telnet Console) and chapter 5 (Web Console).
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • Switch diagnostics—The PROM loader automatically runs memory diagnostics each time the switch is booted. • Reset to factory defaults—The switch includes an option that allows you to reset the configuration to the factory defaults. You can select to reset the IP address or save your configured IP address. Switch IP and MAC Addresses Each switch must be assigned its own IP Address. The switch's default IP address is 10.90.90.90.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • Back pressure—The switch fakes a collision and then transmits a jam sequence to ensure all stations are notified of the “collision.” This causes the sending ports to trigger their back-off routines and reduces the amount of traffic on the port. The port type and duplex mode determine which type of flow control is used. The following table lists the port types and their flow control methods.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts DNS Relay The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to map names to IP addresses. DNS relay enables the switch to act as a DNS cache or proxy. It forwards DNS requests to DNS servers only if it can’t resolve the name from its cache. If you enable DNS relay on the switch, you can specify a primary and secondary DNS server to forward requests that the switch cannot resolve.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • For unicast packets, you specify the MAC address and then either select the port that they will be forwarded to or have them dropped (called “BlackHole”). • For multicast packets, you specify the MAC address and then select the ports they can be forwarded to. Storm Control You can also set thresholds to control broadcast and multicast storms. When the threshold is exceeded, the switch drops the multicast or broadcast traffic.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Router Ports Router ports allow multicast packets to be propagated throughout the network. Router ports can be either static or dynamic. Static router ports are special routes that you manually enter into the switch’s routing table. Usually it is a port that has a router attached to it, and the router has a connection to a WAN or to the Internet. Static router ports should be used sparingly, because when a network failure occurs, they do not change.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Each port on the switch is a unique collision domain, and the switch filters (discards) packets whose destination lies on the same port as where it originated. This keeps local packets from disrupting communications on other parts of the network. The switch does some filtering automatically: • Dynamic filtering—The switch automatic learns and ages MAC addresses and their location on the network. Filtering occurs to keep local traffic confined to its segment.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • The target port cannot belong to a link aggregation group. • The target port should be operating at the same or higher speed than the source port. If the target port is operating at a lower speed than the source port, packets will be lost. Spanning Tree Protocol The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol allows for the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the network.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts STP Parameters for the Switch Level The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the switch level. Parameter Description Default Value Bridge Identifier Specifies the combination of the user-set priority and the switch’s MAC address. The bridge identifier consists of two parts: a 16-bit priority and a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address. The only portion that a user can configure is the priority.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped so that they can act as a single port. This is done to either increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery. The group has the following assignments: • Master port—This port is the Ethernet port with the lowest port number. All member ports are configured to use its port settings and become members of its VLAN.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • Load balancing is automatically applied to the links in the aggregation group, and a link failure within the group causes the network traffic to be directed to the remaining links in the group. • Switches that use a load-balancing scheme that sends the packets of a host-to-host data stream over multiple ports cannot have a trunk connection with the ZT8101 switch. • Enable the group prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a data loop.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts • Member ports The complexity of the VLAN configuration is hidden. The switch applies the following rules when it creates the VLAN: • Tagged frames are discarded. With port-based VLANs, frames are assumed to be untagged, so that the VLAN members do not receive frames coming from another VLAN. • VLAN ID is assigned using an internal algorithm. The switch allocates the largest free VLAN ID that is smaller than 4095 (for example, 4094, 4093, 4092).
Switch Management and Operating Concepts A global flag controls the switch’s ability to participate in dynamically configured VLANs. If the GVRP flag is enabled, ports can dynamically register to be a member of a VLAN. If the flag is disabled, only statically configured ports can be members of VLANs. The default value is disabled. Ingress Checking An ingress port is a port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and VLAN forwarding decisions must be made.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Layer 3-Based VLANs Layer 3-based VLANs use network-layer addresses (subnet address for TCP/IP) to determine VLAN membership. These VLANs are based on Layer 3 information, but this does not constitute a “routing” function. Note: The ZT8101 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802.1Q VLAN that exists on the switch.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Additional IP Interfaces To add an IP interface to the switch, you must first configure a VLAN and then associate an IP address (subnet mask and gateway) with the VLAN. These user-defined IP interfaces differ from the System IP interface in the following ways: • They cannot use BOOTP/DHCP to get a dynamic IP address. They must be assigned a manual IP address. • They can be renamed.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Multicasting Multicasting is a group of protocols and tools that enable a single source point to send packets to groups of multiple destination points with persistent connections that last for some amount of time. The main advantage of multicasting, when compared to broadcasting, is a decrease in the network load. • Broadcast packets are sent to all devices on a subnetwork. • Unicast packets are sent from a single network device to another single network device.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts The ZT8101 switch supports both IGMPv1 and IGMPv2. You can select which version to use on a particular VLAN. IGMPv2 is an enhancement to the original IGMP and includes a few extensions such as a procedure for the election of the multicast querier for each LAN, explicit leave messages for faster pruning, and group-specific query messages.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts You can configure the switch to snoop and to keep track of IGMP groups. These two interact in the following ways: • If the IP interface has IGMP Snooping configured for the associated VLAN, the configuration of IGMP Snooping will be overwritten by the IGMP group settings. On such VLANs, the perVLAN flag is the only available configurable option on the IGMP Snooping screen.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts Protocol-Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) The Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth because PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead. The switch supports PIM-DM v2.
Switch Management and Operating Concepts 40 ZT8101 User’s Manual
Using the Telnet Console 4 Your ZT8101 Fast Ethernet Switch supports a console management interface that allows you to set up and control your switch, either with an ordinary terminal (or terminal emulator) or over a TCP/ IP network using a Telnet application. This chapter describes how to use the Telnet Console to access the switch, change its settings, and monitor its operation. Note: Switch configuration settings that are saved with APPLY are only active until the switch is rebooted.
Using the Telnet Console network device, and can be used to intelligently allocate bandwidth to time-critical applications such as the integration of voice, video, and data on the network. • Develop a redundancy scheme— Planning redundant links and routes to network-critical resources can save valuable time in case a link or a device fails. You can use the Spanning Tree Protocol to block the redundant link until it is needed.
Using the Telnet Console Getting Started This section describes the conventions (function keys and entry fields) and explains how to log in to the switch for the first time. Console Usage Conventions You can use the following function keys with the Telnet Console. Key Action Arrows Moves the cursor around the screen. Tab Moves the cursor to the next menu or field. Backspace Moves the cursor to the previous menu or field. Esc Returns to the previous screen. CTRL+T Returns to the Main Menu.
Using the Telnet Console • • • • • 9,600 baud 8 data bits No parity One stop bit No flow control You can also access the same functions over a Telnet interface. Once you have set an IP address for your switch, you can use a Telnet program (in VT-100 compatible terminal mode) to access and control the switch. All of the screens are identical, whether accessed from the serial port or from a Telnet interface.
Using the Telnet Console Main Menu The Main Menu has these options.
Using the Telnet Console — IP Address Filtering—Configure filters to drop packets from specified IP addresses or MAC addresses. — MAC Address Priority—Configure specified MAC addresses for priority handling on source address, destination address, or both. — Mirroring Configurations—Configure a source port to send a copy of its data to a target port for monitoring and troubleshooting. — VLAN Configurations—Set up and administer VLANs on the switch.
Using the Telnet Console Note: Remeber that APPLY makes changes to the switch configuration for the current session only. All changes (including user additions or updates) must be entered into non-volatile RAM using the Save Changes command on the Main Menu, if you want these changes to be permanent. Admin, User+ and Normal User Privileges The switch uses two levels of user privileges: Admin and User.
Using the Telnet Console To save changes to NV-RAM 1. To retain any configuration changes permanently, from the Main Menu select Save Changes and press Enter. 2. Answer Yes to the confirmation prompt. Reboot 1. From the Main Menu, select Reboot and press Enter. 2. Highlight one of these options and press Enter. Option Description Reboot Restarts the switch. Any configuration settings not saved using Save Changes from the Main Menu will be lost.
Using the Telnet Console Switch Information The Switch Information screen displays descriptive information about the switch. From the Main Menu, select Switch Information. This screen contains the following information. Field Description Device Type Specifies the product name: ZT8101 Fast-Ethernet Switch. MAC Address Specifies the unique MAC address assigned to the switch. This address is not configurable. Boot PROM Version Specifies the version of the switch’s boot code.
Using the Telnet Console Parameter Default Description 255.0.0.0 Specifies the subnet mask assigned to the switch and to the other devices on this segment of the network. Only available for the Manual option. Default Gateway 0.0.0.0 Specifies the IP address of the device that routes to different networks. A gateway must be defined if the workstation you are going to use for switch management is located on a different IP segment than the switch. Only available for the Manual option.
Using the Telnet Console Network Management Setup You use the Network Management Setup screens to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The switch includes an on-board SNMP agent that monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A computer attached to the network, called a Network Management Station (NMS), can be used to access this information. Access rights to the on-board agent are controlled by community strings.
Using the Telnet Console To configure the access list You can specify the IP addresses of up to three management stations that will be allowed access to the management agent of the switch. If you enter IP addresses in this form, only the management stations with those IP addresses are allowed to access the management agent of the switch. All other IP addresses will be blocked. 1. From the Main Menu, select Network Management | Access List Setup and press Enter. 2. Configure these fields.
Using the Telnet Console 4. Use the spacebar to toggle these fields to the appropriate value. Field Description State Enables or disables the currently selected ports. Speed/Duplex Specifies the speed and full- or half-duplex state of the ports. For 100 Mpbs ports the choices are Auto, 10/Half, 10/Full, 100/Half, and 100/Full. For gigabit ports, the choices are Auto,1000/Full, and 100/Full. Flow Control Specifies the flow control mode for the port.
Using the Telnet Console To update firmware The switch is rebooted after new firmware is downloaded. If you have any current settings that you have not saved to non-volatile RAM, use the Save Changes option on the Main Menu before starting these steps. 1. From the Main Menu, select Switch Utilities | Download Firmware from TFTP Server and press Enter. 2. In the Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of the TFTP server. 3.
Using the Telnet Console 2. In the Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of the TFTP server. 3. In the Path\Filename field, enter the path on the TFTP server and the filename. 4. Highlight SAVE SETTINGS and press Enter. This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen, you won’t have to enter the address. 5. To start the file transfer to the TFTP server, highlight UPLOAD and press Enter. To test connectivity with ping 1.
Using the Telnet Console 2. Configure these fields. Field Description BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status Enables or disables the BOOTP/DHCP relay function. BOOTP HOPS Count Limit Sets the maximum number of hops (routers) that the BOOTP messages can be relayed through. If a packet’s hop count is more than the hop count limit, the packet is dropped. The range is between 1—16 hops. The default value is 4.
Using the Telnet Console 2. Configure these fields. Field Description DNS Relay State Enables or disables DNS relay on the switch. Name Server [1] Specifies the IP address of the primary DNS server. Name Server [2] Specifies the IP address of a secondary DNS server. DNS Relay Cache Status Enables or disables the DNS cache on the switch. DNS Static Table Lookup Status Enables or disables the DNS Static Table Lookup function on the switch. 3. Highlight APPLY and press Enter. 4.
Using the Telnet Console The Port Utilization screen displays these statistics. Column Description Port Identifies the port. TX/sec Displays the number of packets transmitted per second. RX/sec Displays the number of packets received per second. %Util. Displays the calculated percentage of the bandwidth being used by the device attached to the port. To view port error statistics 1. From the Main Menu, select Network Monitoring | Port Error Packets and press Enter. 2.
Using the Telnet Console Field Description Ex. Coll. Excessive Collisions. The number of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions. Single Coll. Single Collision Frames. The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. Coll. Total Collisions. An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network segment. To view an analysis of packet sizes and types 1.
Using the Telnet Console The following information is displayed for each MAC address. Column Description VID The VLAN ID of the VLAN the port is a member of. VLAN Name The name of the VLAN. MAC Address The MAC address. Port The port corresponding to this MAC address. CPU is used to identify the MAC address for the switch. Type How the switch discovered the MAC address. The possible entries are Dynamic, Self, and Static. Self is used to identify the MAC address for the switch. 4.
Using the Telnet Console To view the ARP table 1. From the Main Menu, select Network Monitoring | ARP Table and press Enter. 2. Enter the IP interface name and the IP address, highlight FIND, and press Enter. The following information is displayed in the table. Column Description Interface The IP interface name corresponding to the IP address. IP Address The IP address that corresponds to the MAC address. MAC Address The MAC address that corresponds to the IP address.
Using the Telnet Console The Router Port table contains the VLAN name, and under the port groupings (1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 24, and 25 to 26), a port is assigned an “S” if the port is a static router port, a “D” if the port has been dynamically assigned to be a router port, or a “-” if the port is not a router port. To view the IGMP snooping status You can view IGMP group information for each VLAN. 1. From the Main Menu, select Network Monitoring | IGMP Snooping Status and press Enter. 2.
Using the Telnet Console 3. Highlight FIND and press Enter. The IGMP Group table contains the following information. Column Description Interface Name The IP interface associated with the multicast group. Multicast Group The IP address of the multicast group associated with the IP interface. Last Reporter IP The IP address of the member that responded with the last report. Querier IP The IP address of the member elected to be the querier for the group.
Using the Telnet Console Advanced Setup Most of the following options can be configured independently of the other options. However, you must configure a VLAN before you can configure an IP interface for it. Spanning Tree The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents loops in a network by allowing only one active path between any two network devices at a time. (For more information about using this protocol, refer to “Spanning Tree Concepts” in chapter 3.) STP operates on two levels.
Using the Telnet Console Field Forward Delay Default Description Specifies the maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (for example, from listening to blocking, from blocking to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward packets.
Using the Telnet Console 2. Configure these fields. Field Description View Ports Specifies the range of ports to view. The Fast Ethernet ports are displayed for configuration in groups of 12, and the two gigabit Ethernet ports are displayed together. Configure Port Specifies a specific port or range of ports to configure. To configure a specific port, enter the port number in both the from and to field. Port Cost Specifies the port cost. It can be set between 1—65535.
Using the Telnet Console Address is allowed to remain idle). The aging time can be set to any value between 10— 1,000,000 seconds. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes). 3. Highlight APPLY and press Enter. To configure unicast MAC address forwarding Unicast addresses are used to transmit messages from a single network device to another, single network device. You can specify to have these addresses statically forwarded to a specified port or to have the switch drop them. 1.
Using the Telnet Console 4. To modify an entry, toggle the Action field to Add/Modify, enter the VLAN Name and MAC address, configure the ports, highlight APPLY, and press Enter. 5. To delete an entry, toggle the Action field to Delete, enter the VLAN Name and MAC address, highlight APPLY, and press Enter. To configure storm control The storm control settings allow you to specify thresholds for broadcast or multicast traffic that will activate storm control.
Using the Telnet Console To configure static IP routes 1. From the Main Menu, select Forwarding | Static/Default Routes and press Enter. 2. Toggle the Action field to Add and configure these fields. Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address to be statically entered into the IP forwarding table. Subnet Mask Specifies the corresponding subnet mask for the IP address. Gateway IP Specifies the address of the next hop gateway for the IP address.
Using the Telnet Console 3. Configure these fields. Field IP Address Description Specifies the IP address of the packets you want dropped. Specifies the condition for filtering the packets: Source/Destination • Dst. (destination)—Packets with the above IP address as their destination will be dropped. • Src. (source)—Packets with the above IP address as their source will be dropped. • Either—All packets with the above IP address will be dropped. 4. Highlight APPLY and press Enter. 5.
Using the Telnet Console Mirroring Configurations Incoming or outgoing traffic from any source port can be mirrored for real-time analysis. A logic analyzer or a RMON probe can then be attached to study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner. When mirroring port traffic, remember these conditions: • The target port should be operating at the same or higher speed than the source port.
Using the Telnet Console To create or modify a port-based VLAN 1. From the Main Menu, select VLAN Configurations | Configure VLAN Settings and press Enter. 2. Toggle the Action field to Add/Modify and configure these fields. Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured. The name can be up to 32 characters. Once created, a VLAN name cannot be modified. VLAN Type Specifies the type of VLAN. Use the spacebar to toggle the type to Port Based VLAN.
Using the Telnet Console Field Description VLAN Type Specifies the type of VLAN. Use the spacebar to toggle the type to 1Q VLAN. VID Specifies an identifier for the VLAN. Enter a number from 2—4094. Specifies the status of the port. You can enter the status indicators of individual ports directly from the keyboard or you can use the spacebar to toggle between U, T, F, and - . • U (Untagged)—Designates the port as an untagged member of the VLAN.
Using the Telnet Console Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together so that they can act as a single port. This is done to either increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to increase fault tolerance. Link Aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth-intensive network device or devices —such as a server or server farm—to the backbone of a network.
Using the Telnet Console Setting Up IP Interfaces Each IP interface on the switch corresponds to a VLAN. A VLAN, which does not have a corresponding IP interface defined for it, will function as a Layer 2-only VLAN. The switch allows ranges of IP addresses (OSI Layer 3) to be assigned to VLANs (OSI Layer 2). Each VLAN must be configured prior to setting up the corresponding IP interface. To set up IP Interfaces on the switch 1.
Using the Telnet Console 5. Configure these fields. Field Description Interface Name Specifies the name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be set up. This interface must be previously configured on the switch. TX Mode Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets. This field toggles between Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only. Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets.
Using the Telnet Console IGMP Configuration The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch. The switch “snoops” the IGMP query and report messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and possibly affecting network performance.
Using the Telnet Console To configure IGMP for an IP interface 1. From the Main Menu, select Layer 3 - IP Networking Setup | IGMP Interface Configurations and press Enter. 2. Configure these fields. Field Description Interface Name Specifies the name of the IP interface you want to configure. The IP address field displays the address which corresponds to the entered IP interface. Version Specifies the version number of IGMP to be used with the IP interface. Use the spacebar to toggle between 1 and 2.
Using the Telnet Console Field Description Metric Specifies the cost for this path. The higher the assigned cost, the less likely it is that multicast packets will be routed over this interface (provided that other path options exist). Enter a value between 1—31. The default is 1. State Enables or disables DVMRP for this interface. 3. Highlight APPLY and press Enter.
Using the Telnet Console The purpose of a router port is to enable UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership messages to reach multiple ports of a multi-port router. Routers do not implement IGMP snooping or transmit/forward IGMP report packets.
Using the Web Console 5 The ZT8101 switch has an embedded Web server that allows you to manage the switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Netscape* Navigator or Microsoft* Internet Explorer. The Web browser communicates directly with the switch using the HTTP protocol. The Web Console program and the Telnet Console are different ways to access the same internal switching software and configure it.
Using the Web Console VLANs function as a Layer 2 VLAN and require an external router to connect to the rest of the network. • Develop a policy scheme—Some subnets will have a greater need for multicasting bandwidth, for example. A policy is a mechanism to alter the normal packet forwarding in a network device, and can be used to intelligently allocate bandwidth to time-critical applications such as the integration of voice, video, and data on the network.
Using the Web Console You determine how these packets are routed by entering static routes into the switch’s static/default routing table. Getting Started The first step required to use the Web Console for the first time is to secure a browser such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The second step is to configure the IP address of the switch. This must be done manually through the serial port. See chapter 2 for instructions.
Using the Web Console Configuration Options The left panel has these options. • Basic Setup — Switch Information—Display information about the switch’s hardware, firmware, and protocol configuration. — Basic Switch Setup—Configure the switch’s IP address. — Serial Port Settings—Configure the switch’s serial port that is used for Telnet communication and terminal sessions. — Port Configurations—Enable/disable individual ports and set their speed and duplex state.
Using the Web Console — Switch Utilities—View the history log, ping other devices, and manage firmware and configuration files. — Network Monitoring—View various statistics by port or protocol and to view various routing tables. — Factory Reset—Restart the switch using the default factory configuration. — Save Changes—Save the switch’s current settings in non-volatile RAM (NV_RAM) so that they are not lost when the switch is rebooted. — Reboot—Restart the switch.
Using the Web Console The table summarizes the Admin and User privileges: Admin User Configuration Yes Read Only Network Monitoring Yes Read Only SNMP Community Strings and Trap Stations Yes Read Only Update Firmware and Configuration Files Yes No Switch Utilities Yes Ping; Read Only access to BOOTP/DHCP Relay and DNS Relay.
Using the Web Console Restart 1. To restart the switch, in the left panel click Reboot. 2. Click Yes to save the current switch configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash RAM), or No if you want to restart the switch using the last-saved (previous) configuration. 3. Click Restart. Factory Reset The Factory Reset option is used to restart the switch using only the configuration that was supplied by the factory.
Using the Web Console Switch Information The Switch Information screen displays descriptive information about the switch. In the left panel, click Switch Information. This screen contains the following information. Field Description Device Type Specifies the product name: ZT8101 Fast-Ethernet Switch. MAC Address Specifies the unique MAC address assigned to the switch. This address is not configurable. Boot PROM Version Specifies the version of the switch’s boot code.
Using the Web Console Parameter Default Description Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Specifies the subnet mask assigned to the switch and to the other devices on this segment of the network. Default Gateway 0.0.0.0 Specifies the IP address of the device that routes to different networks. A gateway must be defined if the workstation you are going to use for switch management is located on a different IP segment than the switch. VLAN Name default Specifies the name of the VLAN that the switch resides in.
Using the Web Console Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings screen allows the configuration of the switch’s serial port, which is on the front panel. Terminals must match these settings to connect to the switch. 1. In the left panel, click Serial Port Settings. 2. Configure these fields. Field Description Baud Rate Sets the serial bit rate that will be used for communication the next time the switch is restarted.
Using the Web Console attached to the network, called a Network Management Station (NMS), can be used to access this information. Access rights to the on-board agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication. To configure SNMP community strings You can configure up to four community strings for SNMP authentication. 1. In the left panel, click Network Management. 2. In the top panel, click SNMP Community Setup.
Using the Web Console To configure management station IP addresses You can specify the IP addresses of up to three management stations that will be allowed access to the management agent of the switch. If you enter IP addresses in this form, only the management stations with those IP addresses are allowed to access the management agent of the switch. All other IP addresses will be blocked. 1. In the left panel, click Network Management. 2. In the top panel, click Management Station IP Addresses. 3.
Using the Web Console When the download is completed, the switch automatically reboots and executes the new runtime firmware. To download a configuration file 1. In the left panel, click Switch Utilities. 2. In the top panel under TFTP Services, click Download Configuration from TFTP Server. 3. In the Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of the TFTP server. 4. In the Path\ Filename field, enter the full path with filename of the configuration file on the TFTP server. 5.
Using the Web Console To test connectivity with ping 1. In the left panel, select Switch Utilities. 2. In the top panel under Others, click Ping Test. 3. Configure these fields. Field Description Target IP Address Specifies the IP address of the network device to ping. Number of Repetitions Specifies the number of test packets to send. Three is the usual number. Default timeout Specifies the number of seconds to wait between sending the packets. 4. To start the test, click Start.
Using the Web Console 3. Configure these fields. Field Description BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status Enables or disables the BOOTP/DHCP relay function. BOOTP Hops Count Limit Sets the maximum number of hops (routers) that the BOOTP messages can be relayed through. If a packet’s hop count is more than the hop count limit, the packet is dropped. The range is between 1—16 hops. The default value is 4.
Using the Web Console When the switch receives packets destined for a DNS server and the requests are not statically defined in the switch or previously cached, the switch forwards them to the servers as defined in the following configuration. The switch also forwards packets from the DNS servers back to the appropriate subnets. To configure DNS Relay 1. In the left panel, click Switch Utilities. 2. In the top panel under Others, click DNS Relay. 3. Configure these fields.
Using the Web Console Port Statistics To view port utilization 1. In the left panel, click Network Monitoring. 2. In the top panel under Statistics, click Port Utilization. 3. To change the refresh interval, select a value from the drop-down menu. 4. To clear the gathered statistics, click Clear. The screen displays these statistics. Column Description Port Identifies the port.
Using the Web Console Field Description Tx—Transmitted packets ExDefer Delayed. The number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface was delayed because the medium was busy. CRC Error Alignment. For 10 Mbps ports, the counter records CRC errors (FCS or alignment errors). For 100 Mbps ports, the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors (frames received with rxerror signal). Late Coll. Late Collisions.
Using the Web Console Address Tables To view the MAC address table 1. In the left panel, click Network Monitoring. 2. In the top panel under Tables, click MAC Address Table. 3. Select how you want to view the MAC addresses: — Search Table By VLAN—Allows you to enter a VLAN name and find all known MAC addresses on that VLAN. — Search Table By MAC Address—Allows you to enter a specific MAC address or 00-00-00-00-00-00 to list all known MAC addresses.
Using the Web Console To view the routing table 1. In the left panel, click Network Monitoring. 2. In the top panel under Tables, click Routing Table. 3. In the entry boxes, enter the following information Field Description Destination Address IP address of a learned or statically entered destination. Mask The subnet mask corresponding to the above destination IP address. Gateway The default or next hop gateway to reach the destination. To find all known routes, enter 0.0.0.0 for all the addresses.
Using the Web Console The following ARP information is displayed. Field Description Interface Name The IP interface name corresponding to the IP address. IP Address The IP address that corresponds to the MAC address. MAC Address The MAC address that corresponds to the IP address. Type The method that was used to enter the MAC address and IP address pair into the ARP table. The possible entries are Static, Dynamic, and Local. Status To view GVRP Status 1.
Using the Web Console To view IGMP snooping status 1. In the left panel, click Network Monitoring. 2. In the top panel under Status, click IGMP Snooping Status. 3. In the VLAN Name field, enter the name of the VLAN to retrieve IGMP snooping information. 4. Click Find. The table displays this information. Field Multicast Group Description The IP address of a multicast group learned by IGMP snooping. MAC Address The corresponding MAC address learned by IGMP snooping.
Using the Web Console 3. In the Interface Name field, enter the name of an IP interface. 4. In the Multicast Group field, enter the IP address of a multicast group. To find all groups for the specified IP interface, use 0.0.0.0 for the address. 5. Click Find. The table displays this information. Column Interface Name Description The IP interface associated with the multicast group. Multicast Group The IP address of the multicast group associated with the IP interface.
Using the Web Console The Switch History screen contains this information Field Description Sequence A counter incremented whenever an entry to the switch’s history log is made. The table displays the last entry (highest sequence number) first. Time The time the history log entry was made. The time is specified in days, hours, and minutes since the switch was last restarted. Log Text Text describing the event that triggered the history log entry.
Using the Web Console 4. Configure the following fields. The factory default settings should cover the majority of installations, and most installations should keep these default settings. Field Default Description Specifies the maximum time (in seconds) the switch will wait for a configuration message from the root bridge. At the end of this time, the switch will start sending out its own configuration messages for permission to become the root bridge.
Using the Web Console To define the port members of an STP group The switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device. An STP group uses the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of port priority and port cost. An STP group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch-level spanning tree, but the root bridge concept is replaced with a root port concept.
Using the Web Console To configure MAC address aging A very long MAC address aging time can result in out-of-date dynamic entries that may cause incorrect packet filtering and forwarding decisions. A very short aging time may cause entries to be aged out too soon, which results in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the address table. In this case, the switch must broadcast the packet to all ports, negating many of the benefits of having a switch. 1.
Using the Web Console 3. Click New and configure these fields. Field Description MAC Address Specifies the MAC address of the source of the multicast packets. VLAN Name Specifies which VLAN to forward the multicast packets to. Specifies how the port can join the multicast group. • Engress—Specifies that the port is a static member of the multicast group. State • Forbidden—Restricts the port from joining the multicast group.
Using the Web Console The table displays this information about the ports: Field Description Port The port number. Flow Control Threshold The current value of the flow control threshold. Drop Packet A status field that indicates whether the port is currently dropping packets. Flow Control Status A status field that indicates whether the port is currently implementing flow control. Port Connection A status filed that indicates the port’s speed, duplex mode, and flow control mode.
Using the Web Console IP Address Filtering You can manually configure the switch to drop packets from specified MAC and IP addresses. For information about specifying MAC addresses to drop, see the Forwarding | Unicast MAC Address Setting screen To specify an IP address for filtering 1. In the left panel, click IP Address Filtering. 2. Click New and configure these fields: Field IP Address Description Specifies the IP address of the packets you want dropped.
Using the Web Console Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of VLAN on which this MAC address resides. User Priority Specifies the priority for this MAC address. The levels are 0—7, with 7 being the highest priority. Specifies the state under which the above priority will be active. The options are Source/Destination • Destination—Packets with the above MAC address as their destination will be given the selected priority.
Using the Web Console VLAN Configurations The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN. A VLAN must be configured before setting up its IP interface. You can create either a port-based or an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. By default, all ports belong to an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN called “default.” Although this VLAN cannot be deleted, all member ports can be assigned to other VLANs.
Using the Web Console Field VLAN Name Description Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured. The name can be up to 32 characters. Once created, the name cannot be modified. Specifies the port’s membership status. Select the appropriate state by selecting a radial button for each port. Options which aren’t available are grayed out. • Untagged—Designates the port as an untagged member of the VLAN.
Using the Web Console You can configure up to six aggregation groups, each using from two to eight ports between any two ZT8101 switches or other switches that support Etherchannel. Etherchannel is only required for this first release. In the second release, the ports can be from any switch that is compliant with 802.1ad. To configure a link aggregation group 1. In the left panel, click Link Aggregation. 2. Select a group to configure and click Edit. 3. Configure these fields for the group.
Using the Web Console 3. Click New and configure these fields. Field Description Interface Name Specifies the name of the IP interface. The default VLAN interface name is System. IP Address Specifies the IP address of the IP interface (sometimes referred to as a network address). Subnet Mask Specifies the subnet mask for the IP address. VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN that is assigned to this IP interface. This VLAN must already exist. The IP interface gets its port membership from the VLAN.
Using the Web Console 4. Configure these fields. Field Description Tx Mode Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets. This field toggles between Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only. Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets. Rx Mode Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to interpret received RIP packets. This field toggles between Disabled, V1 Only, V2 Only, and V1 and V2. Disabled prevents the reception of RIP packets.
Using the Web Console IGMP Configurations The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch. The switch “snoops” the IRMP query and report messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and possibly affecting network performance.
Using the Web Console To configure IGMP for an IP interface 1. In the left panel, click Layer 3 IP Networking. 2. In the top panel under IP Multicast Routing Protocols, click IGMP Interface Configurations. 3. Select an interface and click Edit. 4. Configure these fields. Field Description Version Specifies the version number of IGMP to be used with the IP interface. Select between 1 and 2. Query Interval Specifies the time (in seconds) between the transmission of IGMP query packets.
Using the Web Console 5. Click Apply. PIM-DM Setup The Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth because PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead. To configure PIM-DM for an IP interface 1. In the left panel, click Layer 3 IP Networking. 2. In the top panel, click PIM-DIM Interface Configurations. 3. Select the interface and click Edit. 4. Configure these fields.
Using the Web Console packets to a static router port on the ZT8101 switch guarantees that all ports of a multi-port router, which are attached to the switch, can reach all multicast group members through the attached router’s other ports. A router port interacts with multicast packets in these ways: • All IGMP report packets will be forwarded to the router port. • IGMP queries (from the router port) will be flooded to all ports. • All UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port.
Agency Approvals A CE Certification The ZT8101 meets the intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility & LowVoltage Directive 73/23/EEC for Product Safety. The ZT8101 has been designed for NEBS/ETSI compliance.
Agency Approvals Regulatory Information FCC—Federal Communications Commission (USA) This product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Agency Approvals Product Safety Information Safety Precautions Review the following precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product, or products to which it is connected. To avoid potential hazards, use the product only as specified. Read all safety information provided in the component product user manuals and understand the precautions associated with safety symbols, written warnings, and cautions before accessing parts or locations within the unit. Caution: To Avoid Electric Overload.
Agency Approvals Product Safety Information AC and/or DC Power Safety Warning (AC and/or DC Powered Units) The AC and/or DC Power cord is your unit’s main AC and/or DC disconnecting device, and must be easily accessible at all times. Auxiliary AC and/or DC On/Off switches and/or circuit breaker switches are for power control functions only (NOT THE MAIN DISCONNECT). For your safety, use only a power cord with a grounded plug. The enclosure is also provided with a separate Earth ground connection/stud.
