Brochure

Independent Suspension: A suspension system that
provides an isolated mounting for each wheel to the chassis.
Individual Toe: The angle formed by a horizontal line
drawn through the plane of one wheel versus a centerline.
Intersect: The crossing point of two lines.
Jounce Travel: A suspension moving up through its travel.
Kinetic Balance: The balance condition of a rotating
wheel related to force generated in a vertical plane.
King Pin: A pin used to attach a spindle to an axle.
Lateral Run-out: Side-to-side movement with a rotating
wheel or tire.
Lead: A slight tendency for a vehicle to move away from
its directed course.
Linkage: A series of rods or levers used to transmit
motion or force.
Load Range: A system used to describe the ser vice or
weight limitations of a tire.
Memory Steer: A condition where the wheels, rather than
returning to straight ahead, tend to remember and seek a
previous position.
Millimeter: A unit of linear measurement. One millimeter is
equivalent to 0.039 inches.
Minute: A unit of measurement used to describe an angle.
One minute is equivalent to 1/60 of one degree.
Offset: The lateral displacement of a wheel or axle in
respect to a centerline.
Oscillate: A back and forth motion at a specific frequency.
Out-of-Round: A wheel and tire irregularity in which one
or both are not concentric with its axis of rotation.
Overinflation: Inflation pressure beyond that which
is recommended.
Oversteer: A characteristic in which a vehicle has a
tendency to turn sharper than the driver intends.
Parallelogram Steering Linkage: A steering linkage
design where if all pivot points were connected by lines,
these lines would be parallel.
Perpendicular: Being at right angles.
Pitman Arm: A steering component that provides
interconnection between the steering gear sector shaft and
the steering linkage.
Ply Rating: A method of rating tire strength. Not
necessarily indicative of the actual number of plies used.
Power Steering: A steering system that incorporates
hydraulics to assist in the steering of the wheels.
Pre-load: A predetermined amount of load or force
applied during assembly to prevent unwanted play
during actual operation.
Pull: The tendency for a vehicle to steer away fr om its
directed course.
Radial Play: Any lateral movement of the wheel and tire
assembly when inspecting a ball-joint or kingpin.
Radial Ply Tire: A tire construction type with alternating
plies 90 degrees to the tire bead.
Radius: The distance from the center to the outer edge
of a circle.
Rear Axle Departure Offset: The amount in inches from
the midpoint of the steer axle (or kingpin on a trailer), where
the projected thrustline intersects.
Rebound: A suspension moving down through its travel.
Recirculating Ball Steering Gear: A steering gear
design that is made up of a worm shaft, ball nut, and two
recirculating ball circuits.
Returnability: The tendency of the front wheels to return
to a straight ahead position.
Road Crown: The slope of a road from its center.
Road Feel: Necessary feedback transmitted from the road
surface up to the steering wheel.
Road Isolation: The ability of a vehicle to better separate
road irregularities from the driver and passengers.
Road Shock: An excessive amount of force transmitted
from the road sur
face up to the steering wheel.
Scrub Radius: The radius formed at the road surface
between the wheel centerline and steering axis.
Semi-Integral Power Assist: A power assist system
using a hydraulic pump and a power cylinder in conjunction
with the steering gear
.
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