User manual PQA400 – PQA823 – PQA824 Copyright HT ITALIA 2013 Release EN 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Contents: 1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................. 4 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 2. General ................................................................................................................................. 4 Preliminary instructions ......................................................................................................... 4 During use .....................................................................
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.7. 5.4.8. 5.4.9. 5.4.10. 5.4.11. 5.4.12. 5.4.13. Voltage Anomalies .................................................................................................................... 54 Inrush current (only PQA82x) ................................................................................................... 56 Flicker ....................................................................................................................................... 57 Unbalance.......
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.8. Measuring method: outlines .......................................................................................... 139 10.8.1. Integration period .................................................................................................................... 139 10.8.2. Power factor calculations........................................................................................................ 139 11. AFTER-SALE SERVICE ...........................................
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES 1.1. GENERAL This meter has been designed in compliance to IEC/EN61010-1 directive. For your own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures hereby prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol . Before and during measurements please take care of below points: Do not measure voltage or current in wet or dusty places.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 1.3. DURING USE Please read carefully the below points: CAUTION Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety. Do not touch any unused terminal when the meter is connected to the circuit on test. When measuring current, other currents located near the leads may affect the measuring accuracy.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1. INTRODUCTION The PQA400, PQA823 and PQA824 meters permits a completely new approach to the world of electrical measures on network quality. In fact the computer assisted instruments along with Windows CE technology permit an easy and widely fast analysis of a huge quantity of data, which would be impossible with any other system.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 3. PREPARE TO USE 3.1. INITIAL CHECK This meter has been checked before shipment from an electrical and mechanical point of view. All possible precautions have been taken in order to deliver it in perfect condition. Notwithstanding, on receipt of the instrument we suggest that you check it summarily to make sure that no damage has occurred in transit. Should you find irregularities please contact the carrier immediately.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4. HOW TO OPERATE 4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION CAPTION: 1. Voltage and Current inputs 2. TFT display with “touchscreen” 3. F1 – F4 keys 4. Arrows keys and ENTER key 5. GO/STOP key 6. SAVE key 7. ON/OFF key 8. Input for external adapter 9. HELP key 10. ESC key 11. Output per external compact flash connection (not available for PQA400) 12. Output per external USB driver connection 13. USB output for PC connection Fig. 1: Description of meter's front panel 4 3 2 1 CAPTION: 1.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4.2. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION The below keys are available: Key Keys Key Key ON/OFF: Press this key to turn on the meter. Press and hold the key for few seconds to turn off the meter. F1, F2, F3, F4: Multifunction keys. The various functions are intended from the s shown on the bottom of display. ESC: To leave a menu or a sub-menu. The smart icon which is shown on screens performs the same function under interactive mode.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4.3. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION The display is a graphic TFT colour type, 73x57mm sizes (VGA 320x240 pxls) with “touchscreen” which permits a really easy operations using standard PT400 pointer pen fitted in lateral side of meter. On first display’s row the system date/hour is shown by meter (see § 5.1.2 for settings). There are also some icons relative to battery level indication or external adapter fitted and for waiting and start of a recording.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5. GENERAL MENU Whenever you turn on the meter, the below “Analyzer Configuration” screen is shown, relative to the last configuration used (see Fig. 6): 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION 1 2 3 N PE System 4WIRE 50 Freq [Hz] Clamp Type FLEX Clamp FS [A] 3000 1 VT Ratio CHANGE OK Fig. 6: Example of analyzer configuration In this situation the user can decide whether modify the actual configuration by pressing F1 key (or “CHANGE” at display – see § 5.3.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1. GENERAL SETTINGS Fig. 8: MENU GENERAL screen - General settings section This section permits to set the below control parameters: System language. System Date/Hour. Display brightness. Protection password during recordings. Key sound on pressure. Auto Power OFF Enable/Disable. Memory type settings (not available for PQA400). Pressing ENTER key (or touch the relative icon at display). The below screen is shown by meter: Fig. 9: General Settings screen 5.1.1.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.2. Date/Time settings 1. Press the F1 key (or touch DATE at display) on screen of Fig. 9. The below screen is shown by meter: Fig. 10: Date/Time settings screen 2. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Date format” and “Time format”, marked with blue background. 3. Using F3 or F4 keys (or touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for Date setting choosing between the two possible formats (European EU or American US): Option EU Option US DD:MM:YY MM:DD:YY 4.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.3. Display brightness adjust 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on the field relative to “Brightness”, marked with blue background Fig. 11: Adjust brightness screen 2. Using F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for adjustment of display brightness percentage. The meter increases or decreases this value in step of 5% for each pressure of key. 3. Press SAVE or ENTER key (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and confirm by “Ok”.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 3. With Password enabled, should GO/STOP key be pressed during a recording, the meter will not stop the operation but will require the user to insert password as shown in the below screen: Fig. 13: Insert Password screen 4. The fixed password (not changeable by user) to insert on meter within 10s from warning message is the below sequence of keys: F1, F4, F3, F2 5.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.6. Auto power off setting The meter permits to enable or disable the auto power off option in order to prevent a quick discharge of internal battery. This feature, if selected, is active under each of the following conditions: No action was performed both any key or touch display for at least 5 minutes. Meter does not supplied with external adapter. Meter does not in recording running. The effect is a long sound before turn off of meter. 1.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.7. Memory type setting (only PQA82x) The meter permits saving of recordings both in its internal memory (about 15Mbytes) and by using an external compact flash (not available for PQA400) (see § 5.5.4 for details) fitted (see Fig. 3). For the selection of memory type follow the below steps: 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Memory type”, marked with blue background Fig. 16: Memory type setting screen 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2. REAL TIME VALUES Fig. 18: MENU GENERAL screen - Real time values section In this section the real time measured values of parameters both on input channels and internally calculated are shown by meter. In particular the following are shown: 1. AC TRMS voltages, currents and all kind of electrical parameters for any single phase and total, Flicker values and voltages Unbalanced. 2. Voltage and current waveforms for any single phase and total. 3.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 TOTAL POWER VALUES – Page x/y Patt Preatt Papp Pf CosPhi = = = = = 0 W 0 Var 0 VA 0.00i 0.00i PAGE SCOPE HARM PARAMETERS CAPTION: Pact Total Active Power Preact Total Reactive Power Papp Total Apparent Power Pf Total Power Factor CosPhi Total Power factor considering fundamental of voltage and current signals VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 FLICKER – Page x/y V1N V2N Pst1’ 0.0 0.0 Pst 0.0 0.0 Pst max 0.0 0.0 Plt 0.0 0.0 Plt max 0.0 0.0 Recording Time: PAGE SCOPE PARAMETERS CAPTION: Pst1’ Short term severity after 1 minute Pst Short term severity Pstmax Maximum short term severity Plt Long term severity Pltmax Maximum long term severity Recording Time real time duration of recording expressed in HH:MM V3N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00h – 00min HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 AVERAGE RMS VALUE – Page 9/9 AVGV AVGI AVGPatt AVGPreat PAGE = = = = PARAMETERS CAPTION: AVGV Average value voltage V1, V2, V3 AVGI Average value current I1, I2, I3 AVGPact Average value active power on L1, L2, L3 AVGPreact Average value reactive power on L1,L2,L3 0.0 V 0.0 A 0 W 0 Var SCOPE HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE 1 RMS VALUES – Page x/y V1PE I1 Patt1 Preatt1 Papp1 Pf1 CosPhi1 = = = = = = = PAGE PARAMETERS CAPTION: V1PE Phase L1-PE voltage I1 Current on L1 phase Pact1 Active Power L1 phase Preact1 Reactive Power L1 phase Papp1 Apparent Power L1 phase Pf1 Power factor L1 phase CosPhi1 Power factor between fundamental of voltage L1 and current L1 0.0 V 0.0 A 0 W 0 Var 0 VA 0.00i 0.00i SCOPE HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY CONSUMPTION – Page x/y Eact = Ppeak = Date Ppeak : Start rec. : Stop rec. : Rec. Time : Int. Per. : PAGE SCOPE 0 kWh 0 kW -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 - - - - Rec: - HARM VECTORS PARAMETERS CAPTION: Eact Total active energy consumed when starting recording. Ppeak Maximum peak of consumed active power. Date Ppeak Date and time in which the peak occurred. Start rec. Date when recording was started.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.3. 3-wire ARON three phase system – Screens sequence 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 TOTAL RMS VALUES – Page x/y V12 V23 V31 0.0 0.0 0.0 V NEG% 0.0 ZERO% 0.0 SEQ 000 I1 0.0 I2 0.0 I3 0.0 PAGE SCOPE Hz 0.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 FLICKER – Page x/y V12 V23 Pst1’ 0.0 0.0 Pst 0.0 0.0 Pst max 0.0 0.0 Plt 0.0 0.0 Plt max 0.0 0.0 Recording Time: PAGE SCOPE PARAMETERS CAPTION: Pst1’ Short term severity after 1 minute Pst Short term severity Pstmax Maximum short term severity Plt Long term severity Pltmax Maximum long term severity Recording Time real time duration of recording expressed in HH:MM V31 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00h – 00min HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.4.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY PRODUCTION – Page x/y Eact = Ppeak = Date Ppeak : Start rec. : Stop rec. : Rec Time : Int. Per. : PAGE SCOPE 0 kWh 0 kW -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 -- / -- / -- 00:00:00 - - - - Rec: - HARM VECTORS PARAMETERS CAPTION: Eact Total active energy produced when starting recording. Ppeak Maximum peak of produced active power. Date Ppeak Date and time in which the peak occurred. Start rec. Date when recording was started.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.5. SCOPE waveforms screens Starting from a any page of numerical values it’s possible to select waveforms screens of the input signals by pressing F2 key (or touch SCOPE at display).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Simultaneous waveforms of currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4wire system, not available for PQA400), with their TRMS values as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE CURRENTS – Page 2/5 Fs I1 I2 I3 In 400.0A 299.4A 302.5A 297.7A 97.8 A PAGE Fig. 49: Current waveforms screen for 4-wire systems 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE CURRENTS – Page 2/5 Fs I1 I2 I3 400.0A 299.4A 302.5A 297.7A PAGE Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Waveforms of signals on L2 phase, with their TRMS values, as below shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE PHASE2 – Page 4/5 Fs V2 Fs I2 PAGE 400.0V 228.5V 400.0A 302.5A ZOOM V Fig. 53: Voltage/Current waveforms screen L2 phase for 4-wire systems 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE PHASE2 – Page 4/5 Fs V23 Fs I2 PAGE 400.0V 389.6V 400.0A 203.5A ZOOM V Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.6. HARM analysis screens Starting from any page of numerical values it’s possible to enter harmonics numerical values and histogram graphics screens section for voltage and current input signals by pressing F2 key (or touch HARM at display).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Change to currents screens by pressing F2 key (or touch “HARM I” at display). By pressing F1 key (or the PAGE at display) the screens of total values and each phase currents I1, I2, I3 and In (for 4-wire and single phase systems, not available for PQA400). The main screens are below shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 TOTAL HARM CURRENT – Pag 1/5 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 TOTAL HARM CURRENT – Pag 1/5 h 03 Fs I1h I2h I3h Inh Thd Thd Thd Thd PAGE HARM V TABLE h 03 100% 45.3% 48.7% 37.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGE HARMONICS h[%] Thd% DC Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 6.5 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGE HARMONICS Neutral h[V] 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thd% DC Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 6.5 Neutral 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 h1 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 h1 228.6 225.1 230.7 0.0 h2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h3 1.8 2.3 1.5 0.0 h3 4.2 5.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h4 0.0 0.0 0.0 h4 0.0 HARM I GRAPHIC HARM PAG 0.0 HARM I GRAPHIC 4.3 0.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGE HARMONICS h[%] Thd% DC 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGE HARMONICS Phase 1 6.5 0.0 h[V] Phase 1 Thd% DC 6.5 0.0 h1 100.0 h1 228.6 h2 0.0 h2 0.0 h3 1.8 h3 4.2 h4 0.0 HARM I h4 GRAPHIC HARM PAG 0.0 HARM I GRAPHIC HARM PAG Fig. 67: Harmonic analysis voltage in percentage/absolute for Single phase system 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 CURRENT HARMONICS 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 CURRENT HARMONICS h[%] Phase 1 h[A] Phase 1 Thd% DC 35.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 HARM CURRENT – Pag 2/5 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 HARM CURRENT – Pag 2/5 h 03 Fs I1h Thd PAGE HARM V TABLE h 03 100% 45.3% 35.5% HARM PAG Fs I1h Thd PAGE HARM V TABLE 200.0A 90.6A 35.5% HARM PAG Fig. 70: Harmonic analysis of current I1 in percentage/absolute values for 4-wire system 5.2.7.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 DIAGRAM – Page 1/6 V1^ I1 60.0° PAGE Fig. 73: Vectorial diagram total for Single phase system The vectorial diagram of single voltages depending on the type of selected systems as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGES DIAGRAM – Page 2/6 NEG ZERO V1^ V2 V2^ V3 V3^ V1 0.0% 0.0% 120.0° 120.0° 120.0° PAGE Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The vectorial diagram of voltage and current for each phase depending on the type of system as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 DIAGRAM – Page 4/6 V1^ I1 60.0° PAGE Fig. 77: Vectorial voltage-current diagram of L1 phase for 4-wire system 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE2 DIAGRAM – Page 5/6 V2^ I2 60.0° PAGE Fig. 78: Vectorial diagram voltage-current of L2 phase for 4-wire system 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE3 DIAGRAM – Page 6/6 V3^ I3 60.0° PAGE Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE2 DIAGRAM – Page 5/6 V23^ I2 60.0° PAGE Fig. 81: Vectorial diagram voltage-current of L2 phase for 3-wire and ARON systems 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE3 DIAGRAM – Page 6/6 V31^ I3 60.0° PAGE Fig. 82: Vectorial diagram voltage-current of L3 phase for 3-wire and ARON systems Pressing ESC key (or smart icon previous one.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3. ANALYZER SETTINGS 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Analyzer settings Fig. 83: Analyzer settings screen Inside this section the meter permits to perform basic and advanced selections relative to the type of electrical installation under test.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION 3WIRE System 50 Freq [Hz] Clamp Type FLEX Clamp FS [A] 3000 1 VT Ratio ADVANCED MOD(+) MOD(-) Fig. 85: Analyzer Configuration screen for 3-wire system 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION ARON System 50 Freq [Hz] Clamp Type FLEX Clamp FS [A] 3000 1 VT Ratio ADVANCED MOD(+) MOD(-) Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.1.1. Setting system frequency 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Freq[Hz]”, marked with blue background. 2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to select the system frequency choosing between 50Hz or 60Hz options. This parameter is relevant ONLY if the input voltage not permits to recognize the frequency value (for example, only the clamps for the current measurement are connected).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.1.4. Setting VT ratio The meter can be interfaced also with step-down transformers in the equipment under test. It can display the value of he voltages present on the primary winding of these transformers. To do this it will be necessary to set the value of the transformers’ windings ratio. 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “VT Ratio” , marked it with blue background. 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.2.2. Harmonics type option This option permits to select the type of harmonics which can be shown inside Real Time values section. 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Harm. type” , marked it with blue background. 2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to select one of below options: ALL: The meter shows all the harmonics up to the 49st. EVEN: The meter shows all the even harmonics up to the 49st.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.2.4. Zoom with respect to the 1st harmonic option This option permits to show harmonics graphics with a zoom relative to the first harmonic order (fundamental) or with a zoom relative to the highest amplitude harmonic inside the Real Time values section. Also in this case the aim is to better the final resolution of graphics. 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Zoom 1st harm” , marked it with blue background. 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4. RECORDING SETTINGS 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Recording settings Fig. 89: Recording Settings screen selection In this section the meter permits to define any detail relative to start and stop of recordings, perform parameters selection for recording, the type of analysis to be carried out very easily thanks to “touch screen” display. The use of smart icons and is particularly recommended in this section. 5.4.1.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The bottom bar of display included the below functions, relative to F1, F2, F3, F4 keys: CLP/EXP: Used to collapse or expand the sub-levels. PREDEF.: Used to open the typical configuration section (see § 5.4.12). SEL: Used to select or disable parameters inside various levels. MODIFY: Used to perform any parameters modify inside various levels. On the bottom of display the number of selected parameters and the recording autonomy, expressed in days and hours, is shown by meter.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.3. Start and Stop These items permits to define the method to enable and disable the recordings with meter (see § 5.4.13). The possible options are: Manu: Each recording is enabled/disabled in MANUAL mode by pressing GO/STOP key. Auto: Each recording is enabled/disabled in AUTOMATIC mode, starting from a setting and valid date/hour by preliminary pressing of GO/STOP key. The default configuration is always the MANUAL mode and the flags of these s are not disable.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6. General Parameters This option permits the selection of network parameters for recording operation. This level included several sub-level for a detailed selection depending on the type of system on test (see § 5.3.1). Depending on the selection performed, different error screen can be shown by meter. The below situations are possible: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS + + General Parameters Harmonics Voltage Anom.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The opposite situation is the error due to a too many selected parameters. In this case the below screen is shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS + General Parameters + Harmonics Voltage Anom.: 230V 6%-10% Inrush current: 30A 1s fix Flicker Unbalance Error: too many selected parameters 440/251 CLP/EXP PREDEF. SEL MODIFY Fig. 94: General Parameters section: too many selected parameters In the above screen (see Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6.1. General Parameters: sub-levels description Press F1 key (or touch CLP/EXP at display) to expand or compress the sub-levels. The parameters inside sub-levels are strictly depending on type of selected system (see § 5.3.1).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The below parameters can be selected for recording in Three phase 4-wire systems: Parameters Frequency Voltages Currents Active Power & Energy Reactive Power & Energy Apparent Power & Energy Power Factor CosPhi Description Frequency of phases L1, L2, L3 TRMS voltages L1-N, L2-N, L3-N, N-PE TRMS voltages L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1 TRMS currents L1, L2, L3, Neutral Active power and energy L1, L2, L3, Total Reactive (inductive or capacitive) power and energy L1, L2, L3, Total Apparent power
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok”. The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving and back to previous screens. 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS General Parameters Frequency - Voltages Phase1-Phase2 Phase2-Phase3 Phase3-Phase1 22/251 Parameters – Autonomy: 38d 16h - CLP/EXP PREDEF. SEL MODIFY Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6.2. Harmonics: sub-levels description Press F1 key (alternatively touch CLP/EXP at display) to expand or compress the harmonics sub-levels. The parameters inside sub-levels are strictly depending on type of selected system (see § 5.3.1). Below there are some pictures of different possible situations: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS - Harmonics - Voltages THD DC + Odd + Even 162/251 Parameters – Autonomy: 19d 0h CLP/EXP PREDEF. SEL MODIFY Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok”. The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving and back to previous screens. The selection parameters of harmonic analysis require the preliminary selection of voltages or currents inside General Parameter sub-level.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press F4 key (alternatively touch MODIFYat display) for setting the below voltage anomalies parameters: Reference nominal voltage Vref depending on the type of considered system. In particular Vref = VP-N (Single phase and three phase 4-wire systems), Vref = VP-P (three phase 3-wire and ARON systems). The higher threshold percentage of reference nominal voltage, selectable from 1% to 30% for voltage swell detection.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.8. Inrush current (only PQA82x) This option permits to set the control parameters relative to recording of inrush current events (see § 10.3) which is completely independent from periodic analysis (regulated by integration period). The below screen is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS + General Parameters + Harmonics Voltage Anom.: 230V 6%-10% Inrush current: 30A 1s fix Flicker Unbalance 132/251 Parameters – Autonomy: 15d 12h CLP/EXP PREDEF.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.9. Flicker This option permits to set control parameters relative to flicker value recordings on the input voltages in compliance to IEC/EN61000-4-15 standard (see § 10.4). In particular the below parameters are shown by meter: Pst1’ = short term severity at 1 min. Pst = short term severity for all recording duration. Plt = long term severity for all recording duration.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok” . The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving and go back to previous screens. 5.4.10.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 2. Use up or down arrow keys or press F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch the MOD(+) or MOD(-) s at display) to set the correspondent value. Pressing and holding of these keys permit a rapid values setting, while the single pressure increase or decrease on only unit the value. 3. Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each performed setting. 5.4.12.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 to define and save the configuration name by user. At the end of these operations the following screen is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PREDEFINED CONFIGURATIONS Typical Configuration EN50160 VOLTAGE ANOMALIES HARMONICS INRUSH POWER & ENERGY GENERIC PLANT ADD REM Fig. 113: Typical customized configuration screen In the example of Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 EN50160 GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings - Advanced PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments Start Stop Integration period Cogeneration General Parameters Recording Settings Voltage harmonics Current harmonics Voltage anomalies Ref.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 VOLTAGE ANOMALIES GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings - Advanced PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments Start Stop Integration period Cogeneration General Parameters Recording Settings Voltage harmonics Current harmonics Voltage anomalies Ref.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 HARMONICS GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings - Advanced PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments Start Stop Integration period Cogeneration General Parameters Recording Settings Voltage harmonics Current harmonics Voltage anomalies Ref.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 INRUSH GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings Advanced PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments Start Stop Integration period Cogeneration General Parameters Recording Settings Voltage harmonics Current harmonics Voltage anomalies Ref.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 POWER & ENERGY GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings Advanced Recording Settings PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 DEFAULT CONFIGURATION GENERAL MENU Analyzer Settings Analyzer Settings Advanced PARAMETER System Freq[Hz] Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments Start Stop Integration period Cogeneration General Parameters Recording Settings Voltage harmonics Current harmonics Voltage anomalies Ref.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.13. Start a recording The meter is designed to start a recording in MANUAL or AUTOMATIC mode (see § 5.4.3) by pressing of GO/STOP key. A recording operation can be started exclusively under the following screens: MENU GENERAL (with any selected icon). Real Time Values (in any internal screen). 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE VOLTAGES – Page 1/5 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Fs V1 V2 V3 Vn Meter information 400.0V 223.4V 228.5V 225.7V 0.0V PAGE Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 CAUTION For recordings ALWAYS use the external power supply even though the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries. After starting a recording a preliminary real time evaluation about the situation on electrical installation it’s important in order to perform a correct settings, using the predefined configurations (see § 5.4.12) if necessary.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Depending on the type and number of errors, the necessary modifications of setting parameters should be performed. Press GO/STOP key again to start recording and verify the possible residual error on window message. Confirm with ENTER or press “Ok” or “Cancel” keys to close the warning window message and start the recording by pressing GO/STOP key anyway. As the default value of the integration periods is set at 15min (see § 10.8.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.14. During a recording After a recording is running, a real time check of parameters’s values and internal status is shown by meter. 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Recording results Fig. 121: Recording Results screen - Recording running 1. Select “Recording Results” in GENERAL MENU. 2. Pressing ENTER or touch the correspondent icon at display.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4. Pressing ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit from the above screen. Each recording running is stopped and results are automatically saved by meter by pressing of GO/STOP key or as soon as the date/hour of automatic stop is reached. CAUTION The only “Real Time Values” section is available during a recording running. The message “Menu not available in recording” is shown by meter if any section is selected. Stop recording pressing GO/STOP key before select any section.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5. SAVED DATA MANAGEMENT SECTION Fig. 123: GENERAL MENU - Saved Data Management The “Saved Data Management” section allows the user to check the content of the internal memory after recording, to delete previous recordings and possibly to copy a recording (one at a time) on an external USB Pen Driver connected to the instrument. By pressing the ENTER key or selecting the icon on the display, the instrument shows the following screen: Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1. Recording analysis (Reg type) This page shows the analyses which can be performed on the saved data (Reg type). Fig. 125: Recording analysis (Reg-type data) 1. Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight on blue background one of the analyses on the screen. Press the F1 or ENTER key (or the OPEN item or the smart icon on the display) to confirm the type of analysis to be performed. 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.2. Recording graph By selecting the recording graph option, the following page is accessed, which enables the user to display the recording trend (ONLY ONE parameter at a time). Fig. 127: Selecting a parameter 1. Press the F1 key (or the PARAM item on the display) to access the page containing the recorded quantities available for the analysis (Fig. 128). Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This page shows the graph, the cursor position (cursor T) and the maximum, minimum and average RMS values of the parameter selected by the cursor. Fig. 129: Recording graph The following keys are active on this page: F1 key (or PARAM item on the display) to access the page of the selectable parameters (Fig. 128). F4 key (or OPTIONS item on the display) to access the page for the activation of the “Advanced graph” (Fig. 130).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 curves “Max value”, “Average value” and “Min value” will be the analysis of the corresponding pixels of the recording, i.e.: - For the Max value graph, the highest value of the 10 recorded values corresponding channel will be displayed. - For the Min value graph, the lowest value of the 10 recorded values corresponding channel will be displayed. - For the Average value graph, the first value of the 10 recorded values corresponding channel will be displayed.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This page shows the parameters set before recording voltage anomalies: Fig. 132: Voltage Anomalies The following non-modifiable parameters are indicated (as they have been set upon starting the recording). Nominal Voltage: Nominal voltage. High Voltage: Limit high voltage. Low Voltage: Limit low voltage. TV: Transformation ratio of the voltage transformers. This page also shows the total number of voltage anomalies occurred (Number of Anomalies).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Column description: N.: Progressive number of the transient. L.: Phase in which the transient occurred. Date/Time: Date/time at which the anomaly occurred. Peak+: Max. positive value reached by the transient during the observation interval. Peak-: Min. negative value reached by the transient during the observation interval. Delta+: Max. relative positive range reached by the transient during the observation interval. Delta-: Min.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.5. Inrush currents This page shows a table containing all inrush currents occurred during recording. Fig. 135: Inrush currents Column description: N.: Progressive number of the inrush current. L.: Phase in which the inrush current occurred. Date/Time: Date/time at which the inrush current occurred. Max[A]: Maximum value reached by the inrush current. The following keys are active on this page: The up and down arrow keys move the cursor along the inrush currents.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following data are indicated: Type: Type of measurement set: Fix: The instrument has detected and saved an event when the current's RMS value, calculated in each half-period, exceeded the value of the threshold defined by the user. Var: The instrument has detected and saved an event each time the current's RMS value, calculated in each half-period, exceeded the previous RMS value (i.e.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.6. EN50160 This page shows a table containing all values according to standard CEI EN50160. Fig. 138: EN50160 analysis result Column description: Param: The percentages of the values are indicated, which must be within limits set in Limits. Example: Hz 100% means that the 100% of frequency values recorded must be within a range of 1%, -1% of frequency nominal value. OK: YES indicates that the analysis is successful, NO indicates that analysis is not successful.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following data are indicated: Nominal Voltage: Set nominal voltage. High Voltage: Limit high voltage. Low Voltage: Limit low voltage. Frequency: System frequency. This page also shows the total number of voltage anomalies occurred (Number of Anomalies). The following keys are active on this page: The F3 and F4 keys (or the MOD(+) and MOD(-) items on the display) enable the user to choose YES or NO for the interconnected system.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.7. Analysis of consumed energy This page shows the Energy and Peak power values consumed while recording 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY CONSUMPTION – Pag x/y Eact = Ppeak = Date Ppeak : Start rec. : Stop rec. : Rec. Time : Int. Per. : PAGE SCOPE 15 Wh 1.31 kW 21/01/13 16:45:00 21/01/13 16:45:00 21/01/13 18:00:00 00d 1h 15m 15m HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.8. Analysis of producted energy This page shows the Energy and Peak power values producted while recording 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY PRODUCTION – Pag x/y Eact = 15 Wh Ppeak = 1.31 kW Date Ppeak : 21/01/13 16:45:00 Start rec. : 21/01/13 16:45:00 Stop rec. : 21/01/13 18:00:00 Rec. Time : 00d 1h 15m Int. Per. : 15m PAGE SCOPE HARM VECTORS Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.2. Recording analysis (Istant type) This page shows the analyses which can be performed on the saved data (Istant type). Fig. 143: Recording analysis (Istant-type data) 1. Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight on blue background one of the analyses on the screen. Press the F1 or ENTER key (or the OPEN item or the smart icon on the display) to confirm the type of analysis to be performed. 2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.2.2. Graph This screen (Fig. 145) contemporarily shows the saved instant values of the waveforms of voltages V1, V2, V3, Vn scaled according to the Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig. 145: Voltage scope in three-phase 4-wire system The following keys are active on this page: The up (ZOOM+) or down (ZOOM-) arrow keys zoom in or out the displayed waveforms.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 147) contemporarily shows the waveforms of phase 1 voltage and current, scaled according to the Full scale (Fs), and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 149) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of currents I1, I2, I3 scaled according to the Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 151) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of voltage V12 and current I1, scaled according to the relevant Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 153) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of voltage V23 and current I2, scaled according to the relevant Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 155) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of voltage V31 and current I3, scaled according to the relevant Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following keys are active on this page: The up (ZOOM+) or down (ZOOM-) arrow keys zoom in or out the histogram. The right and left arrow keys move the cursor to the right or to the left along the harmonics. The F1 key (or the PAG item on the display) advances to the following page of saved values, relative to phase 1 harmonics. The F2 key (or the ARM V or ARM I item on the dislay) switches between total voltage and current harmonics.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 158) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V1 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 159) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V1 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 160) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V12 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 161) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V2 and current I2 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 162) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V23 and current I2 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 163) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V3 and current I3 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 164) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V31 and current I3 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 165) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of neutral voltage Vn and neutral current In in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 166) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of neutral voltage Vn in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU -> ADVANCED. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.2.4. Vectors This screen (Fig. 167) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between: Voltage V1 and V2, V2 and V3, V3 and V1. Voltage V1 and current I1. Voltage V2 and current I2. Voltage V3 and current I3. The latter allow finding out the inductive or capacitive nature of the electrical installation. In detail: Positive angle: Inductive load. Negative angle: Capacitive load.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 168) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between: Voltage V12 and V23, V23 and V31, V31 and V12. Voltage V12 and current I1. Voltage V23 and current I2. Voltage V31 and current I3. To correctly evaluate this vector diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 170) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays, expressed in degrees [°], between voltage V1 and V2, V2 and V3, V3 and V1. Voltage unbalance values are also displayed. Fig. 170: Voltage vector diagram in three-phase 4-wire system The following keys are active on this page: The F1 key (or the PAG item on the display) advances to the following page of saved values relative to the current vector diagram.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 172) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays, expressed in degrees [°], between current I1 and I2, I2 and I3, I3 and I1 and the vector representing the neutral current (blue – not for PQA400). Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 174) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between voltage V12 and current I1. To correctly evaluate this diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 176) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between voltage V23 and current I2. To correctly evaluate this diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 178) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between voltage V31 and current I3. To correctly evaluate this diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following keys are active on this page: The F1 key (or the PAG item on the display) advances to the following page of saved values. The ESC key (or the smart icon on the display) to exit the function and go back to the “Recording analysis” page (Fig. 143).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V2N Phase L2 - Neutral Voltage I2 Phase L2 Current Patt2 Phase L2 Active Power Preatt2 Phase L2 Reactive Power Papp2 Phase L2 Apparent Power Pf2 Phase L2 Power Factor CosPhi2 Cosine of the Phase delay between the Phase L2 Voltage and Current fundamentals CosPhi represents the theoretical limit value which can be reached by the Power factor if all harmonics are eliminated from the electrical system.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V1PE Phase L1 - PE Voltage V2PE Phase L2 - PE Voltage V3PE Phase L3 - PE Voltage V12 Phase L1 - Phase L2 Voltage V23 Phase L2 - Phase L3 Voltage V31 Phase L3 - Phase L1 Voltage Inv% % value of the Negative sequence unbalance Omo% % value of the Zero sequence unbalance SEQ Phase sequence: ”123” => Correct ”132” => Not correct ”023” => No Voltage on B1 ”103” => No Voltage on B2 ”120” => No Voltage on B3 ”100” => No Voltag
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V1PE Phase L1 - PE Voltage I1 Phase L1 Current Patt1 Phase L1 Active Power Preatt1 Phase L1 Reactive Power Papp1 Phase L1 Apparent Power Pf1 Phase L1 Power Factor CosPhi1 Cosine of the phase delay between the Phase L1 voltage and current fundamentals CosPhi represents the theoretical limit value which can be reached by the Power factor if all harmonics are eliminated from the electrical system.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V3PE Phase L3 - PE Voltage I3 Phase L3 current Patt3 Phase L3 active power Preatt3 Phase L3 reactive power Papp3 Phase L3 apparent power Pf3 Phase L3 power factor CosPhi3 Cosine of the phase delay between the Phase L3 voltage and current fundamentals CosPhi represents the theoretical limit value which can be reached by the Power factor if all harmonics are eliminated from the electrical system.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: Patt System total Active Power Preatt Total Reactive Power Papp Total Apparent Power Pf Total Power Factor CosPhi System total CosPhi CosPhi represents the theoretical limit value which can be reached by the Power factor if all harmonics are eliminated from the electrical system. For dimensioning a power factor correction system, reference is usually made to the CosPhi parameter value. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V32 Phase L3 - Phase L2 Voltage I3 Phase L3 Current Patt32 Wattmeter 32 Active Power Preatt32 Varmeter 32 Reactive Power Papp32 Varmeter 32 Apparent Power Pf32 Wattmeter 32 Power Factor CosPhi32 Cosine of the Phase delay between the Mattmeter 12 Voltage and Current fundamentals Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.3. Transfer recordings to a external Pen Driver USB The meter permits to transfer of one or more saved recordings which are shown in Fig. 124 to a external Pen Driver USB directly connected to it (see Fig. 3). The below picture is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING RESULTS N.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.4. Saving recordings to external Compact Flash (only PQA82x) The PQA82x meter permits to save the recordings also on external standard compact flash which are fitted on suitable input (see Fig. 3) after activating “EXTERNAL” option on Memory type (see § 5.1.7).
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.6. METER INFORMATION Inside this section the general internal parameters of meter are available as information from the user for example during any contact with Service people of HT ITALIA. 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Meter information Fig. 199: Menu General screen – Meter information section Press ENTER key or touch the correspondent icon at display.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 6. CONNECTION OF METER TO PC (WITH WIN XP) 1. Install the TopView standard software on your PC. 2. Verify the presence of ActiveSync icon with grey background (not active) on the right bottom part of PC screen as shown in below picture: Fig. 201: ActiveSync icon not active 3. Connect the meter to PC using the standard C2007 cable (USB “A” USB “B”) as shown in below screen: COMPACT FLASH C2007 PQA400-PQA82x Fig. 202: Connection of meter to PC 4.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7. MEASURING PROCEDURES The instrument’s accuracy is grant only for the following system configuration: Single Phase systems (Phase, Neutral, Ground). Three Phase 4 wires systems WYE + Ground. Three Phase 3 wires systems DELTA + Ground. 7.1. USING OF METER IN A SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7.2. USING OF METER IN A THREE PHASE 4 WIRE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7.3. USING OF METER IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7.4. USING OF METER IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE ARON SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety. Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 8. MAINTENANCE 8.1. GENERAL The PQA400 and PQA82x are precision meters. For their use and storage, follow the recommendations and instructions of this manual in order to avoid possible damages or dangers. Never use the instrument in environments with a high humidity or temperature. Do not expose the meter to direct sunlight. Always turn off the instrument after use. 8.2. SITUATIONS RELATIVE TO INTERNAL BATTERY The meter is powered by a rechargeable Li-ION battery with 3.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 9. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 9.1. TECHNICAL FEATURES TRMS AC/DC Voltage Phase-Neutral / Phase-Ground – Single phase / Three phase systems Range 0.0 600.0V Accuracy (0.5%rdg+2dgt) Resolution 0.1V Input impedance 10M Max crest factor = 2 Voltage values < 2.0V are considered zero by meter Meter is connectable with external VT with ratio selectable from 1 3000 TRMS AC/DC Voltage Phase-Phase – Three phase systems Range 0.0 1000.0V Accuracy (0.5%rdg+2dgt) Resolution 0.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Inrush Current (only PQA82x) Range Accuracy Resolution Time resolution (50Hz) Time accuracy (50Hz) Depending on clamp type (1.0%rdg+0.4%FS) Depending on clamp type 10ms 10ms Max crest factor = 3 Maximum number of recorded events: 1000 Power – Single phase / Three phase systems (@ Cos>0.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 9.2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10. APPENDIX – THEORETICAL OUTLINES 10.1. VOLTAGE ANOMALIES The meter is capable of recording all those TRMS values as voltage anomalies, calculated every 10ms, beyond the percentage thresholds of Voltage Reference (Vref) set during the programming from ±1% to ±30% with steps of 1%. These limits remain unchanged throughout the recording period.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 LEGEND: 1. Fundamental 2. Third Harmonic 3. Distorted Waveform Effect of the sum of 2 multiple frequencies The EN50160 standard recommends to stop the index in the expression (1) corresponding to the 40th harmonic. A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is THD defined as: 40 THDV % V h2 V1 2 h x100 This index takes all the harmonics into account. The higher it is, the more distorted the waveform results. 10.2.2.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes Any apparatus that alters the sine wave or uses only a part of such a wave causes distortions to the sine wave and therefore harmonics. All current signals result in some way virtually distorted. The most common situation is the harmonic distortion caused by no-linear loads such as electric household appliances, personal computers or speed control units for motors.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.3. INRUSH CURRENTS (ONLY PQA82X) The PQA82x meters permits the real time detection of inrush current events, typical of start-up of electrical machines and also for other industrial applications (e.g. troubleshooting problem regarding loads switching, correct calculation of protection devices, oscillating currents, etc…) as shown in the following pictures: Fig. 208: Parameters of standard inrush current event Fig.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Detectable modes : The below modes are available and selectable: FIX: The meter detect and recording a event each time the TRMS value of current, calculated on each half period (10ms @ 50Hz, 8.3ms @ 60Hz), it’s over the limit threshold defined by user. A new event is detected by meter always if the current value decrease under the set limit threshold. VAR: The meter detect and recording a event each time the TRMS value of current, calculated on each half period (10ms @ 50Hz, 8.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.5. SUPPLY VOLTAGE UNBALANCE In normal conditions the supply voltage and the final loads are perfectly balanced. Unbalances are possible in trouble situations (low insulation) and/or phase circuits interruptions. Moreover, in single phase systems, the balance can be only statistic. In order to design a correct protection installation a thorough study of anomalous conditions on three phase systems was performed.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.6. VOLTAGE FAST TRANSIENTS (SPIKES) (ONLY PQA824) The meter considers all the phenomena associated to the phase voltage as voltage spikes which have the following properties: Fast slope variations of voltage waveforms. Exceeding a limit threshold fixed by user before starting a recording. The maximum number of recorded events in a half period (10ms @ 50Hz, 8.3ms @ 60Hz) is 4. The maximum number of recorded events by meter during a recording is 20000.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 and that during the detectable time interval defined as: 32 x 5s = 160s. 32 x 78s = 2.5ms. 32 x 65s = 2.1ms. the positive and negative difference (defined DELTA+ and DELTA- respectively) it’s over the “windows” defined by the limit threshold set by user. Based to the above description, downloading the saved data from meter to PC using the standard TopView software, the below parameters are shown: Num.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.7.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Note: It shall be noted that the expression of the phase Reactive Power with no sine waveforms, would be wrong. To understand this, it may be useful to consider that both the presence of harmonics and the presence of reactive power produce, among other effects, an increase of line power losses due to the increased current RMS value. With the above given relation the increasing of power losses due to harmonics is added to that introduced by the presence of reactive power.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Value Pact Preact Pf 0 -1 Description The active power (positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the active power in that moment. The reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the reactive power in that moment.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.8. MEASURING METHOD: OUTLINES The meter is capable of measuring: voltages, currents, active powers, inductive and capacitive reactive powers, apparent powers, inductive and capacitive power factors, energies, analogical or pulse parameters. All these parameters are analysed in a digital way for each phase (voltage and current) and calculated based on formulas of the previous sections. 10.8.1. Integration period The storage of all the data would require a huge memory capacity.
PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 11. AFTER-SALE SERVICE 11.1. WARRANTY This instrument is guaranteed against any defects in material and manufacturing, in compliance with the general sale terms and conditions. During the warranty period all defective parts may be replaced, but the manufacturer reserves the right to repair or replace the product. If the instrument is to be returned to the after-sale service or to a dealer, its transport expenses must be borne by the customer.
Via della Boaria 40 48018 – Faenza (RA)- Italy Tel:+39-0546-621002 (4 linee r.a.) Fax:+39-0546-621144 Email: ht@htitalia.it http://www.ht-instruments.
