SORT-MERGE/XL General User’s Guide 900 Series HP 3000 Computer Systems Manufacturing Part Number: 32650-90883 E0300 U.S.A.
Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing or use of this material.
Contents 1. Introduction To SORT-MERGE/XL What Can You Sort? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Can You Sort?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The SORT/XL Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The MERGE/XL Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents 4. Using MERGE/XL Interactively Determining File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Creating an Editor File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Sorting the File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Initiating an Interactive MERGE/XL Session . . . . . . .
Contents SYNTAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EXAMPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents SYNTAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Displaying the ASCII Collating Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 2-1. . Key Data Item Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 2-2. . Alphabetical Sort By Last Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 2-3. . Numerical Sort By Social Security Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 2-4. . Sorted File SORTED1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 2-5. .
Figures 8
Tables Table 2-1.. SORT-MERGE/XL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Table B-1.. ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables 10
Preface SORT-MERGE/XL is a subsystem of the MPE/iX operating system on the 900 Series HP 3000. It allows you to sort data in files, based on one or more data items. You can also merge two or more sorted files into a single, new merged file. This guide is written for general and experienced users. It introduces how to use SORT-MERGE/XL in both interactive and batch job modes of operation. It includes a reference section on the commands used to specify what will be sorted or merged.
Appendix C Native Language Collating is a listing of native languages for which collating is available on the 900 Series HP 3000. Glossary A listing of terms and definitions used in this manual. How to Use this Manual If you are new to the SORT-MERGE/XL subsystem you should read Chapters 1 and 2 first. If you are an experienced user of SORT-MERGE/XL, turn to Chapters 2, 3, and 4 for task-oriented discussions on performing various functions with the subsystem.
1 Introduction To SORT-MERGE/XL SORT-MERGE/XL is a subsystem of the MPE XL operating system for the 900 Series HP 3000. The SORT/XL portion of the subsystem allows you to sort files, based on one or more data items, into a specified alphabetical, numerical, or alphanumerical order. The MERGE/XL portion of the subsystem allows you to combine data from two or more sorted files into a single, new, merged file.
Introduction To SORT-MERGE/XL How Can You Sort? How Can You Sort? You can use SORT-MERGE/XL to sort or merge data in various ways. Some sequences you might choose as the basis for sorting or merging data could be: • Alphabetically in either an ascending or descending order. • Numerically in either an ascending or descending order. • Alphabetically or numerically based on a single key data item. • Alphabetically or numerically based on more than one key data item.
Introduction To SORT-MERGE/XL The MERGE/XL Process >KEY 1, 10 Specifies invoking the >KEY command and identifies the location of the data you want sorted. For example, 1 identifies the location of the data (the first character position of each line in the file) and 10 identifies the length of the data (in characters). >END Specifies invoking the >END command. The >END command indicates to the subsystem that all commands have been entered and the sort specified should be performed.
Introduction To SORT-MERGE/XL Large File Support >OUTPUT filename Specifies invoking the MERGE/XL >OUTPUT command and identifies the name of the file where the merged data is to be stored. The file identified can be either a new or an existing file. >KEY 1, 10 Specifies invoking the >KEY command and identifies the location of the data you want merged.
2 Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL This chapter introduces SORT-MERGE/XL commands, key data items, collating sequences, translation tables, and file types. SORT-MERGE/XL commands are key words that direct the subsystem to perform a specific operation. A key data item is the data contained within a specific location in a file. Key data items are sometimes referred to as data fields. Collating sequences define the order in which characters and items are sorted or merged.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL SORT- MERGE/XL Commands SORT- MERGE/XL Commands The SORT-MERGE/XL commands available to execute sort or merge operations on files are introduced below. Table 2-1 lists each SORT-MERGE/XL command, gives its abbreviation, and defines its function. With the exception of >INPUT and >OUTPUT, all commands are identical in format for both SORT/XL and MERGE/XL. Chapter 6 provides a complete description of all commands and their available options. Table 2-1.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Key Data Items Table 2-1. SORT-MERGE/XL Commands Command Abbreviation Function >RESET — The>RESET command corrects errors made while issuing the >KEY command. >SHOW >SH The >SHOW command displays the collating sequence or the translation table. >VERIFY >V The >VERIFY command displays the various options specified for a particular sort or merge operation.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Key Data Items NOTE The examples in this chapter contain two extra lines of numbers (for example, 123456...9). These two extra lines are included to show that the data is aligned in the columns established as key data items. These two extra lines will not appear in your file. Figure 2-1.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Key Data Items Figure 2-3. Numerical Sort By Social Security Number 1 2 3 4 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 SOUSE WELBY JONES NOTE EGBERT MARCUS SMOKEY DETECTIVE PHYSICIAN TRUCKER 123234454 242244444 333887777 All entries in a file to be sorted for a key data item must start in exactly the same column. In Figure 2-1. all last names start in column 1 and the number of characters must not extend into the next data item field.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Key Data Items >KEY 1, 9; 10, 14; 25, 15 If you define multiple key data items with the >KEY command, the priority of the sort operation is: • SORT-MERGE/XL treats the first key data item you enter (in this example the last name) as the major key and sorts that item first. • If there are two or more items of equal value in the major key (two identical last names), the key data items are ordered according to the second data item identified with the >KEY command.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Collating Sequences If you merge the two files (SORTED1 and SORTED2) based on the command >KEY 1, 9; 10, 14, the resulting new file (MERGED1) would contain the information shown in Figure 2-6. Figure 2-6.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL Translation Tables ASCII/EBCDIC ASCII and EBCDIC are the standard collating sequences used by SORT-MERGE/XL and the data processing industry. The >ALTSEQ command allows you to modify these sequences to suit your particular application. Refer to Chapter 6 for more information on the >ALTSEQ command and collating sequences.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL SORT-MERGE/XL Files are defined below: Display File The display file receives the output from the >SHOW command. This output can be in the form of either the translation table or the collating sequence. The formal designator of the display file is DISPLOUT, which defaults to $STDLIST. $STDLIST is the terminal for a session and the printer for a job. Input File The input file contains the data you want to sort or merge.
Getting Started With SORT-MERGE/XL SORT-MERGE/XL Files 26 Chapter 2
3 Using SORT/XL Interactively This chapter introduces using SORT/XL in an interactive session. The examples use a variety of SORT/XL commands and options to provide an overview of how SORT/XL operates. Refer to Chapter 6 for information on all SORT-MERGE/XL commands, including their syntax, parameters, options, and examples of their operation. Throughout this chapter two files (EMPLOYEE and COMPANY) are used to illustrate how SORT/XL operates.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Determining the File Format Determining the File Format When creating a file for sorting data, first determine the information to include and its format. For example, the input file EMPLOYEE contains four key data items in each record (employee's last name, first name, job title, and employee number). The format for the first two lines of the file EMPLOYEE is shown in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Creating an Editor File © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1985 / The following example shows how to create a file named EMPLOYEE using the EDIT/V SET command tab function. The tab locations you establish can then be used to designate the location of key data items with the >KEY command when sorting files. Tabs automatically align the data in the file for you. After you access the EDIT/V subsystem, establish the tab character and the tabs for file to be created.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Creating an Editor File NOTE The examples in this chapter contain two extra lines of data containing numbers (for example, 123456...5). These two lines are included to show that the data is aligned in the columns established as tabs which are then used for specifying key data items with the >KEY command. These two extra lines will not appear in your file.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Initiating a SORT/XL Interactive Session Initiating a SORT/XL Interactive Session After you create the editor file containing the data to be sorted, begin an interactive session using the SORT/XL subsystem. To do so, at the MPE XL colon prompt (:), enter: :SORT This accesses the SORT/XL subsystem and makes the capabilities of the program SORT.PUB.SYS available to you. The ability to run a program, such as SORT.PUB.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Single Key Alphabetical Sorting Single Key Alphabetical Sorting A basic sorting operation can arrange, or order, data in an ascending alphabetical sequence, using a single key data item. The following example shows the commands you use to direct SORT/XL to order the last names in the file EMPLOYEE into a standard alphabetical order. Following the SORT/XL commands, you will see the steps for entering the EDIT/V subsystem to display the results of the sort process.
Using SORT/XL Interactively SORT/XL Statistics Report The SORT/XL program has listed the employee's last names alphabetically. There are three ANDERSON entries. Notice they are not alphabetized according to their first names. If there is a tie in a single key sort, as in this case, he names are listed in the order in which they appeared in the input file (see where these three names were listed in the file EMPLOYEE shown earlier in this chapter).
Using SORT/XL Interactively Multiple Key Alphabetical Sorting Multiple Key Alphabetical Sorting You can designate multiple key data items to break sorting ties. This prevents the situation described in the "Single Key Alphabetical Sorting" section above, where there were three ANDERSON entries in the file. Issue the following commands to designate multiple keys for the file EMPLOYEE. Only the three lines of the file listing the ANDERSON entries are shown: :SORT HP32214A.01.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Multiple Key Alphabetical Sorting >INPUT EMPLOYEE >OUTPUT COMPANY >KEY 1, 11; 12, 11; 23, 19 >END PURGE OLD OUTPUT FILE COMPANY.GROUP.ACCOUNT ? Y <> :EDITOR HP32201A.07.17 EDIT/3000 WED, JUN 3, 1987, 8:31 AM © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using >VERIFY to Check Options Using >VERIFY to Check Options The >VERIFY command allows you to check the options you specified for the sort operation. Enter the >VERIFY command after the >KEY command, as follows: :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Sorting Numerically Sorting Numerically The last column of data in the file EMPLOYEE lists employee numbers. These were assigned chronologically to each new employee. To obtain a list of all employees in the order of their hiring you would proceed as shown in the following example: :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 3, 1987, 8:35 AM >INPUT EMPLOYEE >OUTPUT COMPANY >KEY 42, 4 >END PURGE OLDOUTPUT FILE COMPANY.GROUP.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Sorting and Merging Multiple Files Sorting and Merging Multiple Files SORT-MERGE/XL allows you to sort and merge multiple files in a single operation. This is done by placing the names of the files to be sorted and then merged within parentheses when entering the >INPUT command. Below, the files EMPLOYEE (shown in the previous example) and NEWHIRES (shown below) are sorted by job title and then merged into the file COMPANY in a single operation.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Saving Selected Key Data Only 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ZIMMER ADAMS MATHEWS ANDERSON JOHNSON ANDERSON TAYLOR FISHER CARLSON ANDREW JERROLD EDDY CHARLES FRANCES CHARLES HEATHER TOM ROBERTA ENGINEER INSPECTOR PLANNER PRESIDENT RECEPTIONIST SALES REP SECRETARY SHIPPING CLERK TREASURER 5739 8044 8045 0247 7943 3456 7272 7309 3586 The two files (EMPLOYEE and NEWHIRES) are sorted and merged in the same SORT/XL operation and the output file COMPANY is created.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Saving Selected Key Data Only 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CARLSON FISHER JOHNSON LANGE SMITH TAYLOR ZIMMER To receive a hard copy (printed report) of the results of the sort operation shown in the examples above, request a copy by entering LIST ALL, OFFLINE from within the EDIT/V subsystem. To receive a printed copy follow the procedure below: :EDITOR HP32201A.07.17 EDIT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using the MPE XL :PRINT Command Using the MPE XL :PRINT Command In the examples in this chapter, you were directed back to the editor to text the output file to view the results of the sort operation. The MPE XL :PRINT command allows you to view the results of the sort operation without calling EDIT/V. The command also allows you to print the results of the sort on the system printer.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using >SHOW to Display the Collating Sequence Using >SHOW to Display the Collating Sequence Use the >SHOW command to display the designated collating sequence on your terminal screen or have it printed on the system printer. To display the standard ASCII sequence on your terminal screen, enter the following commands in an interactive session: :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using >SHOW to Display the Translation Table Using >SHOW to Display the Translation Table Use the >SHOW command to display the translation table on your terminal screen or have it printed on the system printer. To display the standard ASCII translation table on the terminal screen, use the TABLE parameter of the >SHOW command. The translation table follows the standard 128-character ASCII sequence. It shows the ordinal value for each character.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Defining Your Own Collating Sequence This translation table display is followed by a display of the contents of the ALTSEQ array in decimal format and octal word format. This information is not shown here as it is intended for programmatic use. Refer to the SORT-MERGE/XL Programmer's Guide (32650-90080) for additional information.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Defining Your Own Collating Sequence The following example shows the results of the sort with and without altering the collating sequence for the entries $ INVENTORY, DOLLAR INVENTORY, and EXPENSES: SORT WITH ALTERED SEQUENCE SORT WITH STANDARD SEQUENCE DOLLAR INVENTORY $ INVENTORY EXPENSES DOLLAR INVENTORY EXPENSES $ INVENTORY A commonly used alteration to the standard ASCII collating sequence is merging upper case and lower case alphabetic characters.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using the Terminal as the Output File Using the Terminal as the Output File It is possible to enter the SORT/XL subsystem, issue a series of commands, and have the results of the sort operation immediately displayed on your terminal screen. This process eliminates the need of going into EDIT/V, calling up the file, and listing its contents to see the results of a sort operation. To use the terminal as the output device use the $STDLIST parameter of the SORT/XL >OUTPUT command.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using the Terminal as the Input File and the Output File Using the Terminal as the Input File and the Output File It is possible to enter data to be sorted with the SORT/XL subsystem without creating an input file and have the sort results displayed on the terminal screen. To input data and have it immediately displayed on the terminal screen, use the * (for $STDIN) parameter of the SORT/XL >INPUT command and the $STDLIST parameter of the SORT/XL >OUTPUT command.
Using SORT/XL Interactively Using File Equations in SORT/XL Using File Equations in SORT/XL An alternative method for designating the input and output files is to establish file equations at the MPE XL colon prompt (:) before you access the SORT/XL subsystem. Then when you access SORT/XL, you need only enter the >KEY and >END commands, as follows: :FILE INPUT=EMPLOYEE :FILE OUTPUT=COMPANY :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
4 Using MERGE/XL Interactively This chapter introduces using MERGE/XL in an interactive session. The examples show a variety of MERGE/XL commands and options to provide an overview of how MERGE/XL works. Refer to Chapter 6 for information on all SORT-MERGE/XL commands, including their syntax, parameters, options, and examples of their operation. Throughout this chapter three files (EMPLOYEE, NEWHIRES, and COMPANY) are used to illustrate how MERGE/XL operates.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Creating an Editor File Since you want the file format for NEWHIRES to be identical to the file format of EMPLOYEE, you would allow 11 characters (columns) for last names, beginning in position 1; 11 characters for first names, beginning in position 12; 19 characters for job titles, beginning in position 23; and 4 characters for employee numbers beginning in position 42. Use the starting position location for each key data item as tab settings when creating the file.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Creating an Editor File After establishing the tab character and tabs, create a new file using EDIT/V. To do so, enter an A (for ADD) at the slash prompt (/) and press the Return key. In response, a 1 followed by a blinking cursor appears on the terminal screen: /A 1 _ (blinking cursor) The 1 represents the first line in your file and indicates the editor is ready for you to enter data. As each line becomes full, or when you press the Return key, a new line number appears.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Creating an Editor File screen. These continue to be displayed for your convenience in editing your files. To keep the file, enter: /KEEP NEWHIRES, UNNUMBERED To ensure the file has been successfully created, exit EDIT/V by entering E (for END) at the slash prompt (/). Then at the MPE XL colon prompt (:), enter LISTF: /E END OF SUBSYSTEM :LISTF FILENAME EMPLOYEE NEWHIRES The file NEWHIRES has been created and is listed along with the existing file EMPLOYEE.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Sorting the File Sorting the File Before the newly created file NEWHIRES can be merged with any other files it must first be sorted. Sort the file NEWHIRES using the same >KEY command used in the file EMPLOYEE (>KEY 1, 11; 12, 11; 23, 19): :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 3, 1987, 11:35 AM >INPUT NEWHIRES >OUTPUT NEWHIRES >KEY 1, 11; 12, 11; 23, 19 >END PURGE OLD OUTPUT FILE NEWHIRES.GROUP.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Initiating an Interactive MERGE/XL Session Initiating an Interactive MERGE/XL Session After you create and sort the editor file containing the data to be merged with other files, begin an interactive session using the MERGE/XL subsystem. At the MPE XL colon prompt (:), enter: :MERGE This accesses the MERGE/XL subsystem and makes the capabilities of the program MERGE.PUB.SYS available to you. The ability to run a program, such as MERGE.PUB.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Merging Files Using a Single Key Merging Files Using a Single Key To combine the two files EMPLOYEE and NEWHIRES using a single key data item to create a new merged file named COMPANY, enter the following commands: :MERGE HP32214A.01.00 MERGE/3000 WED, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 3, 1987, 11:55 AM >INPUT EMPLOYEE, NEWHIRES >OUTPUT COMPANY >KEY 1, 11 >END The two input files (EMPLOYEE and NEWHIRES) and the resulting output file (COMPANY) are shown below.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Merging Files Using Multiple Keys 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ADAMS ANDERSON ANDERSON ANDERSON CARLSON CARLSON CLARK FISHER JOHNSON LANGE MATHEWS SMITH TAYLOR ZIMMER JERROLD CHARLES CHARLES MARY ROBERTA PETER STEVE TOM FRANCES ROBERT EDDY HOWARD HEATHER ANDREW INSPECTOR PRESIDENT SALES REP ACCOUNTANT TREASURER BUYER ASSEMBLER SHIPPING CLERK RECEPTIONIST ENGINEER PLANNER DESIGNER SECRETARY ENGINEER 8044 0247 3456 6345 3586 8
Using MERGE/XL Interactively MERGE/XL Statistics Report HP32201A.07.17 EDIT/3000 WED, JUN 3, 1987, 12:30 PM © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1985 /TEXT NEWHIRES FILE UNNUMBERED /LIST 5/6 1 2 3 4 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 5 6 CARLSON CARLSON PETER ROBERTA BUYER TREASURER 8043 3586 MERGE/XL Statistics Report MERGE/XL generates a statistical report summarizing the merge operation. This statistical report is generated and displayed each time you enter the >END command.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Getting a Printout of MERGE/XL Results >OUTPUT COMPANY >KEY 1, 11; 12, 11; 23, 19 >VERIFY MERGE/XL responds to the >VERIFY command with the following display: INPUT FILES = EMPLOYEE, NEWHIRES OUTPUT ENTITY = COMPANY KEY POSITION LENGTH TYPE 1 11 BYTE 12 11 BYTE 23 19 BYTE ASC/DESC ASC (MAJOR KEY) ASC ASC This display tells you that the input files are EMPLOYEE and NEWHIRES, the output file is COMPANY, and the merge is based on three designated keys.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Using the MPE XL :PRINT Command Using the MPE XL :PRINT Command In the examples in this chapter, you were directed back to the editor to text the output file to view the results of the merge operation. The MPE XL :PRINT command allows you to view the results of the merge operation without calling the EDIT/V subsystem. This command also allows you to print the results of the merge on the system printer.
Using MERGE/XL Interactively Using the MPE XL :PRINT Command 60 Chapter 4
5 Using SORT-MERGE/XL in Batch Mode This chapter discusses using SORT-MERGE/XL in batch mode. It shows how to build a job file, initiate it, schedule it, and terminate it if necessary. You can create a job file containing SORT-MERGE/XL commands and run it in batch mode. A batch job, which can contain one or more commands, is executed independently of your interactive session. This frees your terminal for other processing.
Using SORT-MERGE/XL in Batch Mode Initiating a Batch Job 4 OUTPUT COMPANY 5 KEY 1, 11; 12, 11 6 END 7 !EDITOR 8 TEXT COMPANY 9 LIST ALL 10 EXIT 11 !EOJ 12 // /KEEP RUNSORT You have created a job file named RUNSORT. It may be used to generate reports on the data in the input file EMPLOYEE. It can also be used to generate a sort on any other input file by modifying the lines in the job file containing the INPUT and TEXT commands (see lines 3 and 8 in the example above).
Using SORT-MERGE/XL in Batch Mode Checking on the Status of your Job Checking on the Status of your Job To check on the status of your job, use the system assigned job number and enter the :SHOWJOB command, as follows: :SHOWJOB #J555 If the job has not completed processing, the following message appears: JOBNUM STATE #J555 EXEC JOBFENCE= 5; IPRI JIN 10S JLIST INTRODUCED JOB NAME LP WED 10:46A RUNSORT,USER.
Using SORT-MERGE/XL in Batch Mode Terminating a Batch Job 1 SCHEDULED JOB(S) For additional information on using the MPE XL :STREAM command to schedule jobs refer to the MPE XL Commands Reference Manual (32650-90003). NOTE Scheduled jobs may, or may not, survive a system shutdown and subsequent startup, depending on system events. For this reason, it is best to schedule jobs no more than a few days in advance.
6 SORT-MERGE/XL Commands This chapter describes the SORT-MERGE/XL commands used to execute the sort or merge operations you want to perform on files. In previous chapters you were exposed to the basic aspects of some commands, such as >INPUT, >OUTPUT, >KEY, and >END. The SORT-MERGE/XL commands in this chapter are listed in alphabetical order. All SORT-MERGE/XL commands are identical for both subsystems, with the exception of the >INPUT and >OUTPUT commands.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ ALTSEQ The >ALTSEQ command defines a collating sequence other than the standard ASCII or EBCDIC format. The >ALTSEQ command must be preceded by a >DATA command. It is effective only if the keys are of type BYTE and if the input data is ASCII. (Refer to Appendix B for information on ASCII and EBCDIC character set values.) SYNTAX >A[LTSEQ] modspec1[, modspec2]...[, modspecN] PARAMETERS modspec A set of parameters you use to define your own collating sequence.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ = When used in the modspec parameter, the equal sign (=) functions as a separator between leftspec and rightspec. WITH The WITH parameter can be used interchangeably with the equal sign (=) and is generally used when MERGE is specified. string A string is a single character or a group of ASCII or EBCDIC characters specified by enclosing them in quotation marks, for example, "J" or "JAS".
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ DISCUSSION Each modification of the collating sequence changes the ordinal values in the translation table assigned to the characters specified by leftspec. Refer to the >SHOW command for a discussion of the translation table. If rightspec is longer than leftspec, the extra characters are ignored. If leftspec is longer than rightspec and neither EACH nor MERGE has been specified, rightspec is padded with blanks to make it equal in length to leftspec.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ If you wish to do an alphabetic sorting in which each upper case letter collates ahead of the corresponding lower case letter, use the command >ALTSEQ MERGE "A-Z" WITH "a-z". The following six special characters follow the lower case z since the first range precedes the second range: [ \ ] ^ _ and ` If the modspec is MERGE "a-z" WITH "A-Z", the same six characters precede the lower case a. For additional information, refer to the "EXAMPLES" section below.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 >DATA IS ASCII, SEQUENCE IS ASCII >ALTSEQ EACH "LMN"="ST" >SHOW SEQUENCE nul soh stx etx eot enq ack bel bs dle dc1 dc2 dc3 dc4 nak syn etb can sp ! " # $ % & ' ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @ A B C D E F G H L= N= S M= T U V W X ` a b c d e f g h p q r s t u v w x ht lf vt em sub esc ) * + 9 : ; I J K Y Z [ i j k y z { ff fs , < O \ l | cr gs = P ] m } so si rs us .
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ Q ` p R a q S b r T c s U d t V e u W f v A= g w X h x Y i y Z j z [ k { \ l | ] m } ^ _ n o ~ del The >ALTSEQ command pads X with two blank characters making it equal to ABC in length. Note the character sp (space) is equated to B and C and the character A is equated to X.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ sp 0 @ e m u ! 1 [ F= N= V= " 2 \ f n v # 3 ] G= O= W= $ 4 ^ g o w % 5 _ H= P= X= & 6 ` h p x ' 7 A= I= Q= Y= ( 8 a i q y ) 9 B= J= R= Z= * : b j r z + ; C= K= S= { , < c k s | = D= L= T= } . / > ? d E= l M= t U= ~ del The left range in the above example is specified by two numeric byte specifications separated by a minus sign. Note that the same range can be represented by "A-Z" (characters), %101-"Z" (octal representation), or 65-90 (decimal representation).
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ characters, and have each followed by its corresponding upper case character: :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 THU, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands ALTSEQ 0 @ N ^ p 1 A O _ q 2 a P ` r 3 B Q c s 4 b R d t 5 C S e u 6 D T f v 7 E U g w 8 F V h x 9 G W i y : H X j z ; I Y k { < J Z l | = K [ m } > ? L M \ ] n o ~ del The collating sequence appears AaBbCDE...Z. The merging of the strings continues until the right string ab is exhausted. ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION Refer to the >DATA and >SHOW commands in this chapter.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands DATA DATA The >DATA command specifies the type of the input data (either ASCII or EBCDIC) and the basic collating sequence to be used in the particular SORT/XL (or MERGE/XL) operation. The collating sequence may be altered, if desired, by using the >ALTSEQ command.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands DATA ` p a q b r c s d t e u f v g w h x i y j z k { l | m } n o ~ del ht lf vt em sub esc ) * + 9 : ; I J K Y Z [ i j k y z { ff fs , < L \ l | cr gs = M ] m } so si rs us .
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands END END The >END command specifies the conclusion of SORT-MERGE/XL parameters. It also starts the sort or merge operation specified. SYNTAX >E[ND] DISCUSSION The >END command indicates all commands have been specified and the SORT/XL or MERGE/XL program should begin operation. If the terminal ($STDIN) is specified in the >INPUT command of the SORT/XL program, you enter and receive sort data from the terminal. A work file is not created.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands END The following example shows what occurs when the >END command is entered after the terminal has been designated as the input device and output device. The terminal is designated as the input device by specifying * (for $STDIN) in the >INPUT command. It is designated as the output device by specifying $STDLIST in the >OUTPUT command. >INPUT * >OUTPUT $STDLIST >KEY 1, 4 >END ?user input ?user input ?user input ?:EOD sorted data sorted data sorted data ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION None.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands EXIT EXIT The >EXIT command terminates the operation of SORT/XL or MERGE/XL and exits the subsystem. SYNTAX >EX[IT] DISCUSSION The >EXIT command terminates access to the SORT-MERGE/XL subsystem. Once this command is entered, no further program execution is performed. EXAMPLE The following example shows how to use the >EXIT command to terminate operation of the SORT/XL subsystem. The sort is not performed and the designated output file, COMPANY is not created. :SORT HP32214A.01.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands INPUT (MERGE/XL) INPUT (MERGE/XL) Within the MERGE/XL subsystem, the >INPUT command specifies the sorted files to be merged. Refer to the SORT/XL >INPUT command for information on how to use the command within that subsystem. SYNTAX >I[NPUT] {fname1,fname2}[,fname3]...[,fnameN] PARAMETERS fname The fname parameter specifies the actual file designator. $NULL is not a valid input file.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands INPUT (SORT/XL) INPUT (SORT/XL) Within the SORT/XL subsystem, the >INPUT command specifies the input file(s) to be sorted. Refer to the MERGE/XL >INPUT command for information on how to use the command within that subsystem. SYNTAX >I[NPUT] Chapter 6 {$STDIN [ X ] } {* }[,#records][,rec size] {fname } {(fname1, fname2,...
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands INPUT (SORT/XL) PARAMETERS $STDIN [ X ] Specifies that the input records are to be read from $STDIN[ X ]. In interactive mode a question mark (?) prompt is displayed. * Entering an asterisk (*) in an interactive session specifies that the input records are read from the text file TEXT. In this case, the input records are to follow the >END command, and the list of records is to be terminated with :EOD.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands INPUT (SORT/XL) the rec size if the keys are of the type, BYTE, and ALTSEQ is used.) SFRS is in words. SFRS+((SFRS*#records )/128) + 1 SFS is in sectors. Compatibility Mode Scratch Filename You can issue a file equation for the scratch file only to specify a particular logical device which must be a disc. For example: FILE SORTSCR; DEV=2 Native Mode Scratch File Size Native mode scratch files contain two types of records: Work Records and End-of-Subfile Records.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands INPUT (SORT/XL) command. This command can be entered any time before the >END command. In the absence of the >INPUT command, any disc file with the formal designator >INPUT is considered the input file. Also, file equations may be issued before entering or during either subsystem. Thus, if the >INPUT command refers to the same file as specified in a file equation, the file's characteristics are determined by the file equation.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands KEY KEY The >KEY command specifies the location of the key data items in a file's records which are to be sorted or merged. SYNTAX >K[EY] keyspec1 [; keyspec2]...
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands KEY PARAMETERS A group of parameters used to specify a key data item to be sorted or merged. The syntax of the keyspec parameters follows: keyspec position, length [,type][,DESC] position A positive number (integer) specifying the position of the first character of the key data item within the record. (The first position of a record line is numbered one.) length A positive number (integer) indicating the length of the data item key field in bytes.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands KEY P[ACKED] Key data item field contains a packed decimal number. In this format, each character except the last contains two digits. Each digit occupies four bits. The rightmost character contains the least significant digit of the number in its four leftmost bits, and the sign of the number in its four rightmost bits. The sign is considered minus if it has the value 1101 (binary) and plus otherwise. PACKED* Same as PACKED except there are an even number of digits and a sign.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands KEY be contiguous or separated in a record or they can overlap each other, provided the collating sequence is not altered, or a user-defined sequence is not used. An entire record can be considered as a single key. As explained in Chapter 3, each >KEY command can specify one or more key fields which are separated by semicolons. Multiple key fields can also be specified with more than one >KEY command. All the key fields do not have to be specified in the same command.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands LANGUAGE LANGUAGE The >LANGUAGE command defines the native language whose collating sequence is to be used to sort keys of type CHARACTER. SYNTAX >L[ANGUAGE][IS] {langnum } { } {langname} PARAMETERS langnum & This parameter specifies a language identification number. & The language specified & must be configured on the system. langname & The langname parameter specifies a language by name. & The language specified must be & configured on the system.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands OUTPUT (MERGE/XL) OUTPUT (MERGE/XL) The >OUTPUT command is used to designate and create the output file, which is to receive the merged records. Refer to the SORT/XL >OUTPUT command for information on how to use the command within that subsystem. SYNTAX >O[UTPUT] {fname } { } [,num records][, KEY] {$STDLIST} PARAMETERS fname & The fname parameter represents the actual file designator. $STDLIST & Using this parameter specifies that the output is to & be sent to $STDLIST.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands OUTPUT (MERGE/XL) key, the following message is displayed: ENTER NEW NAME FOR OUTPUT FILE If this prompt is displayed, enter a new name for the output file., If this situation occurs in batch mode, the old file is not disturbed.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands OUTPUT (SORT/XL) OUTPUT (SORT/XL) The >OUTPUT command designates and creates the output file which is to receive the sorted records. Refer to the MERGE/XL >OUTPUT command for information on how to use the command within that subsystem. SYNTAX {* } >O[UTPUT] { $STDLIST } [, NUM][, KEY] { filename } PARAMETERS * Using this parameter specifies that the records are to be & sent to the file LIST, which defaults to $STDLIST.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands OUTPUT (SORT/XL) during an interactive session, the following message is displayed: PURGE OLD OUTPUT FIle filename ? If you respond YES, the old file is purged. If you respond NO or press the Return key, the following message is displayed: ENTER NEW NAME FOR OUTPUT FILE You should then enter a new name for the output file. In batch mode, the old file is not disturbed.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands RESET RESET The >RESET command is used to correct errors made in the specification of keys. When entered, it nullifies all existing >KEY commands. SYNTAX >RESET DISCUSSION If an error is made while entering specifications within the >KEY command enter >RESET. Then issue a new >KEY command with the correct key specifications.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW SHOW The >SHOW command displays the collating sequence or the translation table.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW PARAMETERS S[EQUENCE] The S[EQUENCE] parameter displays the collating sequence. This sequence is determined by the first 128 characters of the ASCII code, unless preceded by an >ALTSEQ command or a >DATA command with the EBCDIC sequence parameter. If the OFFLINE parameter is not issued, the sequence is displayed on the terminal. (If the OFFLINE parameter is issued, the sequence is printed on the line printer.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 THU, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 4, 1987, 10:25 AM >DATA IS ASCII, SEQUENCE IS ASCII >SHOW SEQUENCE nul soh stx etx eot enq ack bel bs dle dc1 dc2 dc3 dc4 nak syn etb can sp ! " # $ % & ' ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @ A B C D E F G H P Q R S T U V W X ` a b c d e f g h p q r s t u v w x Chapter 6 ht lf vt em sub esc ) * + 9 : ; I J K Y Z [ i j k y z { ff fs , < L \ l | cr gs = M ] m } so si rs us .
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW Displaying the EBCDIC Collating Sequence To display the EBCDIC collating sequence, enter the EBCDIC parameter of the >DATA command. :SORT HP32214A.01.00 SORT/3000 THU, JUN © HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1986 4, 1987, 10:30 AM >DATA IS ASCII, SEQUENCE IS EBCDIC >SHOW SEQUENCE nul soh stx etx can em fs gs sub sp [ .
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW nul soh stx etx eot enq ack bel bs dle dc1 dc2 dc3 dc4 nak syn etb can sp ! " # $ % & ' ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @ A D B E C F G H P Q R S T U V W X ` a b c d e f g h p q r s t u v w x ht lf vt em sub esc ) * + 9 : ; I J K Y Z [ i j k y z { ff fs , < L \ l | cr gs = M ] m } so si rs us . / > ? N O ^ _ n o ~ del ht lf vt em sub esc ) * + 9 : ; I J K Y Z [ i j k y z { ff fs , < L \ l | cr gs = M ] m } so si rs us .
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands SHOW TABLE OF ORDINAL VALUE ASSIGNED TO EACH CHARACTER. ! 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 1 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! 19 ! 2 ! 20 ! 21 ! 22 ! 23 ! 24 ! 25 ! 26 ! 27 ! 28 ! 29 ! 3 ! 30 ! 31 !sp=32 !!= 33 !"= 34 !#= 35 !$= 36 !%= 36 !&= 38 !'= 39 ! 4 !(= 40 !)= 41 !*= 42 !+= 43 !,= 44 !-= 45 !.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands VERIFY VERIFY The >VERIFY command displays information on the input and output files, key descriptions, and the various options in effect during a SORT/XL or MERGE/XL operation to the file LIST. SYNTAX >V[ERIFY] DISCUSSION The >VERIFY command displays information on the specifications for a particular sort or merge.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands :(MPE Command) :(MPE Command) The >: command is entered prior to issuing MPE commands within SORT/XL or MERGE/XL. SYNTAX >: [MPE command] DISCUSSION The >: command allows you to enter certain MPE commands without using the Break key. The colon indicates to SORT-MERGE/XL that it should pass the rest of the record to the MPE XL operating system. To continue an MPE command on the next record, the last nonblank character on the current record should be an ampersand (&).
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands :(MPE Command) ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION Refer to the MPE XL Commands Reference Manual.
SORT-MERGE/XL Commands :EOD :EOD The :EOD command is not truly a command. It terminates the list of input records to SORT/XL when * (for $STDIN) is the input file. SYNTAX >:EOD The >:EOD (or :eod) command terminates the list of user input records when the terminal ($STDIN[ X ] is the input and output device. You input data at the system generated question mark prompt (?), and issue the :EOD command when you are done. The records are sorted and then displayed on the terminal screen.
A Error Messages This appendix contains error messages and recovery procedures for SORT-MERGE/XL. There is a listing of SORT/XL error messages, and a separate listing of MERGE/XL error messages. Each error message is numbered for easy referencing.
Error Messages SORT/XL Error Messages SORT/XL Error Messages The SORT/XL program error messages are: 1 IF KEYCOMPARE IS SPECIFIED, KEYS AND NUM KEYS PARAMETERS MUST NOT BE. 2 IF KEYCOMPARE IS NOT SPECIFIED, KEYS AND NUMKEYS MUST BE SUPPLIED. 3 NO RECLEN PARAMETER IS SPECIFIED, OR REC LEN IS <= 0. 4 KEYCOMPARE MAY NOT BE SPECIFIED IF OUTPUTOPTION IS > 1. 5 FREAD ERROR OCCURRED ON SCRATCHFILE. 6 THIS IS AN ILLEGAL OUTPUT OPTION. 7 THE SCRATCH FILE CANNOT BE OPENED.
Error Messages SORT/XL Error Messages 28 A FAILURE OCCURRED ON FFILEINFO (OUTPUTFILE). 29 SORT LANGUAGE IS NOT SUPPORTED. 30 NLINFO ERROR OCCURRED IN OBTAINING LENGTH OF COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE. 31 NLINFO ERROR OCCURRED IN LOADING COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE. 32 CHARSEQ PARAMETER IS INVALID. 33 THE TWO-BYTE COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE IS NOT SPECIFIED. 34 A FAILURE OCCURRED IN FGETINFO (TWO-BYTE COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE). 35 FREAD ERROR OCCURRED IN TWO-BYTE COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE.
Error Messages SORT/XL Error Messages 257 PROBE FAILED ON STATUS PARAMETER IN HPSORTINPUT. 258 PROBE FAILED ON BUFF PARAMETER IN HPSORTINPUT. 259 PROBE FAILED ON LEN PARAMETER IN HPSORTINPUT. 260 PROBE FAILED ON STATUS PARAMETER IN HPSORTOUTPUT. 261 PROBE FAILED ON BUFF PARAMETER IN HPSORTOUTPUT. 262 PROBE FAILED ON LEN PARAMETER IN HPSORTOUTPUT. 263 PROBE FAILED ON STATUS PARAMETER IN HPSORTEND. 264 PROBE FAILED ON STATISTICS PARAMETER IN HPSORTEND.
Error Messages MERGE/XL Error Messages MERGE/XL Error Messages The MERGE/XL program error messages are: 3 NO INPUTFILE PARAMETER IS SPECIFIED. 4 NEITHER OUTPUTFILE NOR POSTPROCESSOR PARAMETER IS SPECIFIED. 5 IF KEYCOMPARE IS SPECIFIED, KEYS AND NUMKEYS MUST NOT BE. 6 IF KEYCOMPARE IS NOT SPECIFIED, KEYS AND NUMKEYS MUST BE. 7 NUMKEYS IS ILLEGAL. 8 KEYFIELD IS NOT WITHIN THE RECORD LENGTH OF EACH FILE. 9 THE ASCENDING/DESCENDING CODE IS ILLEGAL. 10 THE KEY CODE IS ILLEGAL.
Error Messages MERGE/XL Error Messages LARGEST NO. ASSIGNED. 30 THE LENGTH OF THE TWO-BYTE KEY MUST BE AN EVEN NUMBER. 31 THE FILE TYPE IS NOT A VALID TWO-BYTE COLLATING SEQUENCE TABLE. 40 PRINT INTRINSIC FAILED IN HPSORTTITLE. 41 PRINT INTRINSIC FAILED IN HPSORTSTAT. 109 NUMKEYS IS ILLEGAL. 250 PROBE FAILED ON STATUS PARAMETER IN HPMERGEINIT. 251 PROBE FAILED ON INPUTFILES PARAMETER IN HPMERGEINIT. 252 PROBE FAILED ON OUTPUTFILES PARAMETER IN HPMERGEINIT.
Error Messages Recovery Procedures 998 SWITCH_TO-CM FAILED ON MERGEGETHIDP. 999 SWITCH_TO_CM FAILED ON MERGEINIT. 1000 HPMERGEERRORMESS FAILED ON THE CALL TO HPERRMSG INTRINSIC. Recovery Procedures Errors that occur during a batch mode job are not recoverable. An error message is generated and the program terminates abnormally. During an interactive session syntax errors are recoverable. An error message is displayed and you are requested to enter the command correctly.
Error Messages Recovery Procedures 112 Appendix A
B ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets The ASCII/EBCDIC table shown below is arranged according to character code values. Each character is represented by its decimal, octal, and hexadecimal equivalents. To determine the ASCII code value of the character $, scan down the ASCII graphic column until you locate $. Then read to its right to find the values 36 (decimal), 044 (octal), or 24 (hexadecimal). This is the code value used by devices such as terminals, printers, or the CPU to represent the character $.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1. ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets ASCII Control/Graphic Character Code Values Decimal Octal Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 SYN 48 49 50 51 060 061 062 063 30 31 32 33 4 5 6 7 PN RS UC EOT 52 53 54 55 064 065 066 067 34 35 36 37 CU3 56 57 58 59 070 071 072 073 38 39 3A 3B 60 61 62 63 074 075 076 077 3C 3D 3E 3F 64 65 66 67 100 101 102 103 40 41 42 43 D E F G 68 69 70 71 104 105 106 107 44 45 46 47 H I J K .
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets Table B-1.
ASCII/EBCDIC Character Sets NUL = Null SOH = Start of Heading STX = Start of Text ETX = End of Text EOT = End of Transmission ENQ = Enquiry ACK = acknowledge BEL = Bell BS = Backspace HT = Horizontal Tabulation LF = Line Feed VT = Vertical Tabulation FF = Form Feed CR = Carriage Return SO = Shift Out SI = Shift In DLE = Data Link Escape DC1 = Device Control 1 (X-ON) DC2 = Device Control 2 DC3 = Device Control 3 (X-OFF) DC4 = Device Control 4 NA
C Native Language Collating Native Language Support (NLS) for the 900 Series HP 3000 provides collating for a variety of native languages. A number of collating algorithms, from simple to very complex, have been employed in defining the collating sequences for these languages, depending on the requirements of the native users of the languages.
Native Language Collating 124 Appendix C
Glossary Access The process of obtaining data from files or acquiring the use of a device. Access implies an input/output (I/O) operation and is used as a synonym for I/O. Actual File Designator The file name provided by the user. The system then uses the file name in place of the formal file designator to accomplish some task. The actual file designator is the file name listed in the directory. Refer to formal file designator.
or merged. In SORT-MERGE/XL it is possible to collate characters or records according to ASCII, EBCDIC, Native Language, or user-defined sequences. Column A method of measuring the length of a record or line. A standard line consists of 80 columns. Command A system-defined word that directs the operating system, subsystem, or a utility program to perform a specific operation.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the registers. Data is held in registers and manipulated in the ALU. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) An 8-bit code that is an extension of Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) notation. EBCDIC can represent up to 256 different characters. File Equation The result of using the MPE XL :FILE command to equate a file name to a device or another file, or to override the file's characteristics.
Key Data Item A key is that section of the record that SORT-MERGE/XL uses as a reference to arrange the desired data in a defined order. List File The list file issues error messages and prompts during interactive sessions while using SORT-MERGE/XL. Localizable That quality of software or documentation that facilitates changes to the punctuation characters, key words, and command names to fit a particular native language so that applications can be used in different countries.
would include each of the characters in the range ABC...Z. Record A collection of fields or related data treated as a unit, residing in a file. A contiguous group of bytes whose structure is known by the file system. A record can consist of more than one line of data in a file continued with the ampersand ( ) character at the end of each line. Scratch File SORT/XL uses the scratch file as a work area. MERGE/XL does not use the Scratch File.
standard 128-character ASCII sequence, where each character is represented internally by a numeric value of from 0 to 127. USASCII Refer to American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Utility Program An operating system program that performs specific functions such as file copying, sorting and merging, memory dump analysis, or monitoring available disc space. SORT-MERGE/XL is a utility program.
Index Symbols $STDIN, 47 $STDLIST, 47 terminal as output file, 46 > (MPE Command), 102 EOD Command, 104 >ALTSEQ Command, 66 >DATA Command, 75 >END Command, 77 >EXIT Command, 79 >INPUT (MERGE/XL) Command, 80 >INPUT (SORT/XL) Command, 81 >KEY Command, 85 >LANGUAGE Command, 89 >OUTPUT (MERGE/XL) Command, 90 >OUTPUT (SORT/XL) Command, 92 >RESET Command, 94 >SHOW Command, 42, 43, 95 >SHOWJOB Command, 63 >VERIFY Command, 36, 57, 101 A Accessing MERGE/XL, 54 SORT/XL, 31 Alphabetical Sorting, 32, 34 Ascending/Desc
Index J Job Files, Building, 61 Job Status, 63 Jobs, Batch, 61 K Key Data Items, 17, 19 merging by, 22 multiple, 21 priority of, 22 saving, 39 single, 19 L Large File Support, 16 List Files, 25 Listing, To Terminal, 47 M maximum record length, 16 MERGE Process, 15 MERGE/XL accessing, 54 exiting, 54 statistical Report, 57 MERGE/XL Commands, 65 Merging files, 55 key data items, 22 multiple files, 38 multiple keys, 56 single key, 55 Merging Files, 56 Multiple files sorting, 38 key merging, 56 Multiple Key Dat
Index U Unnumbered Files, 30 User-Defined Collating Sequences, 24 Using File Equations, 48 V Verifying Options, 36, 57 Index 133
