HP-UX Reference (11i v3 07/02) - 1 User Commands A-M (vol 1)

b
bs(1) bs(1)
++ name Increments the value of the variable (or array reference). The result is the new value.
-- name Decrements the value of the variable. The result is the new value.
!expression The logical negation of the expression. Watch out for the shell escape command.
expression operator expression Common functions of two arguments are abbreviated by the two argu-
ments separated by an operator denoting the function. Except for the assignment, concate-
nation, and relational operators, both operands are converted to numeric form before the
function is applied.
Binary Operators (in increasing precedence):
==is the assignment operator. The left operand must be a name or an array element. The
result is the right operand. Assignment binds right to left, all other operators bind left to
right.
__(underscore) is the concatenation operator.
&| &(logical AND) has result zero if either of its arguments are zero. It has result one if both
of its arguments are non-zero; | (logical
OR) has result zero if both of its arguments are
zero. It has result one if either of its arguments is non-zero. Both operators treat a null
string as a zero.
< <= > >= == !=
The relational operators (<: less than, <=: less than or equal, >: greater than,
>=:
greater than or equal,
==: equal to, !=: not equal to) return one if their arguments are in
the specified relation, or return zero otherwise. Relational operators at the same level
extend as follows: a>b>c is equivalent to a>b & b>c. A string comparison is made if
both operands are strings.
+- Add and subtract.
*/% Multiply, divide, and remainder.
ˆ Exponentiation.
Built-in Functions:
Dealing with arguments
arg(i) is the value of the i-th actual parameter on the current level of function call. At level zero,
arg returns the i-th command-line argument (arg(0) returns bs).
narg( ) returns the number of arguments passed. At level zero, the command argument count is
returned.
Mathematical
abs(x) is the absolute value of x.
atan(x) is the arctangent of x. Its value is between −π/2 and π/2.
ceil(x) returns the smallest integer not less than x.
cos(x) is the cosine of x (radians).
exp(x) is the exponential function of x.
floor(x) returns the largest integer not greater than x.
log(x) is the natural logarithm of x.
rand( ) is a uniformly distributed random number between zero and one.
sin(x) is the sine of x (radians).
sqrt(x) is the square root of x.
String operations
size(s) the size (length in bytes) of s is returned.
format(f, a)
returns the formatted value of a. f is assumed to be a format specification in the style of
printf(3S). Only the % ... f, % ... e, and % ... s types are safe. Since it is not always
HP-UX 11i Version 3: February 2007 − 4 − Hewlett-Packard Company 83