HP-UX Reference (11i v2 07/12) - 3 Library Functions A-M (vol 6)

end(3C) end(3C)

NAME

end, etext, edata, __data_start, __text_start - last locations in program

SYNOPSIS

extern void *_end, *end, *_etext, *etext, *_edata, *edata, *__data_start,

*__text_start;

DESCRIPTION

These names refer neither to routines nor to locations with interesting contents. The address of the sym-

bols _etext and etext is the ﬁrst address above the program text, the address of

_edata and

edata is the ﬁrst address above the initialized data region, and the address of

_end and end is the ﬁrst

address above the uninitialized data region.

The address of the symbols

__data_start is the beginning address of the program’s data area, and

__text_start is the beginning address of the program’s text area.

The linker deﬁnes these symbols with the appropriate values if they are referenced by the program but not

deﬁned. The linker issues an error if the user attempts to deﬁne

_etext, _edata, _end,

__data_start ,or__text_start .

When execution begins, the program break (the ﬁrst location beyond the data) coincides with _end, but the

program break can be reset by the routines of brk(2), malloc(3C), standard input/output (stdio(3S)), the

proﬁle (

-p) option of cc(1), and so on. Thus, the current value of the program break should be determined

by sbrk(0) (see brk(2)).

WARNINGS

In C, these names must look like addresses. Thus, use &end instead of end to access the current value

of end.