HP-UX Reference (11i v2 04/09) - 1 User Commands A-M (vol 1)

k
ksh(1) ksh(1)
The number of commands in it is more than
HISTSIZE.
The file has not been modified in the last ten minutes.
The user has write permission for the directory in which the history file resides.
If any one of the above conditions does not occur, the history file will not be trimmed. When the history
file is trimmed, the latest
HISTSIZE commands will be available in the history file.
Special Commands
The following simple-commands are executed in the shell process. They permit input/output redirection.
Unless otherwise indicated, file descriptor 1 is the default output location and the exit status, when there
are no syntax errors, is zero. Commands that are preceded by
% or %% are treated specially in the fol-
lowing ways:
1. Variable assignment lists preceding the command remain in effect when the command com-
pletes.
2. I/O redirections are processed after variable assignments.
3. Certain errors cause a script that contains them to abort.
4. Words following a command preceded by %% that are in the format of a variable assignment
are expanded with the same rules as a variable assignment. This means that tilde substitution
is performed after the
= sign and word splitting and file name generation are not performed.
%:[ arg ... ] The command only expands parameters. A zero exit code is returned.
%.file [ arg ... ]
Read and execute commands from file and return. The commands are executed in the
current shell environment. The search path specified by PATH is used to find the direc-
tory containing file. If any arguments arg are given, they become the positional parame-
ters. Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged. The exit status is the exit
status of the last command executed. It is not necessary that the execute permission bit
be set for file.
%% alias [ -tx ][name[=value ] ... ]
alias with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form name=value on standard
output. An alias is defined for each name whose value is given. A trailing space in value
causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution. The
-t option is used to set
and list tracked aliases. The value of a tracked alias is the full path name corresponding
to the given name. The value of a tracked alias becomes undefined when the value of
PATH is reset, but the alias remains tracked. Without the -t option, for each name in
the argument list for which no value is given, the name and value of the alias is printed.
The -x option is used to set or print exported aliases. An exported alias is defined
across sub-shell environments. Alias returns true unless a name is given for which no
alias has been defined.
bg [ job ... ] Puts the specified jobs into the background. The current job is put in the background if
job is unspecified. See Jobs for a description of the format of job.
% break [ n ] Exit from the enclosing for, while, until,or select loop, if any. If n is specified,
break n levels.
% continue [ n ]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for, while, until,or select loop. If n is
specified, resume at the n-th enclosing loop.
cd [ -L-P ][arg ]
cd old new This command can take either of two forms. In the first form it changes the current
directory to arg.Ifarg is - the directory is changed to the previous directory. The -L
option (default) preserves logical naming when treating symbolic links. cd -L ..
moves the current directory one path component closer to the root directory. The -P
option preserves the physical path when treating symbolic links. cd -P .. changes
the working directory to the parent directory of the current directory. The shell parame-
ter HOME is the default arg. The parameter PWD is set to the current directory. The
shell parameter CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing arg. Alter-
native directory names are separated by a colon (:). If CDPATH is null or undefined, the
default value is the current directory. Note that the current directory is specified by a
null path name which can appear immediately after the equal sign or between the colon
delimiters anywhere else in the path list. If arg begins with a /, the search path is not
Section 1−−432 Hewlett-Packard Company − 12 − HP-UX 11i Version 2: September 2004