HP-UX Reference (11i v2 03/08) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)

c
glossary(9) glossary(9)
Command Set 1980
See CS/80.
composite graphic symbol
A graphic symbol consisting of a combination of two or more other graphic symbols in a
single character position, such as a diacritical mark and a basic letter.
control character
A character other than a graphic character that affects the recording, processing,
transmission, or interpretation of text. In the ASCII character set, control characters
are those in the range 0 through 31, and 127. Control characters can be generated by
holding down the control key (which may be labeled CTRL, CONTROL, or CNTL depend-
ing on your terminal), and pressing a character key (as you would use SHIFT). These
two-key sequences are often written as, for example, Control-
D, Ctrl-D,orˆD, where ˆ
stands for the control key.
controlling process
The session leader that establishes the connection to the controlling terminal. Should
the terminal subsequently cease to be a controlling terminal for this session, the session
leader ceases to be the controlling process.
controlling terminal
A terminal that is associated with a session. Each session can have at most one control-
ling terminal associated with it and a controlling terminal is associated with exactly one
session. Certain input sequences from the controlling terminal cause signals to be sent to
all processes in the foreground process group associated with the controlling terminal.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
See Epoch.
CS/80, CS-80 A family of mass storage devices that communicate with the controlling computer by
means of a series of commands and data transfer protocol referred to as the CS/80 (Com-
mand Set 1980) command set. This command set was implemented in order to provide
better forward/backward compatibility between models and generations of mass storage
devices as technological advances develop. Some mass storage devices support only a
subset of the full CS/80 command set, and are usually referred to as SS/80 (Subset 1980)
devices.
crash The unexpected shutdown of a program or system. If the operating system crashes, this
is a ‘‘system crash’’, and requires the system to be re-booted.
current directory
See working directory.
current working directory
See working directory.
daemon A process which runs in the background, and which is usually immune to termination
instructions from a terminal. Its purpose is to perform various scheduling, clean-up, and
maintenance jobs. lpsched (1M) is an example of a daemon. It exists to perform these
functions for line printer jobs queued by lp(1). An example of a permanent daemon
(that is, one that should never die) is cron(1M).
data encryption
A method for encoding information in order to protect sensitive or proprietary data. For
example, HP-UX automatically encrypts all users’ passwords. The encryption method
used by HP-UX converts ASCII text into a base-64 representation using the alphabet
.,
/, 0-9, A-Z, a-z. See passwd(4) for the numerical equivalents associated with this
alphabet.
default search path
The sequence of directory prefixes that sh(1), time(1), and other HP-UX commands apply
in searching for a file known by an relative path name (that is, a path name not begin-
ning with a slash (
/)). It is defined by the environment variable PATH (see environ(5)).
login(1) sets PATH equal to :/usr/bin, which means that your working directory is the
first directory searched, followed by /usr/bin. The search path can be redefined by
modifying the value of PATH. This is usually done in /etc/profile, and/or in the
.profile file found in the home directory.
HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003 − 4 − Hewlett-Packard Company Section 9−−5