HP-UX Reference (11i v2 03/08) - 1 User Commands A-M (vol 1)

g
gprof(1) gprof(1)
NAME
gprof - display call graph profile data
SYNOPSIS
gprof [ options ][a.out [ gmon.out ... ] ]
DESCRIPTION
The
gprof command produces an execution profile of C++, C and FORTRAN programs. The effect of
called routines is incorporated into the profile of each caller. Profile data is taken from the call graph
profile file (gmon.out default) that is created by programs compiled with the
-G option of aCC, cc, and
f90 and linked with libgprof.so or libgprof.sl, for Itanium(R)-based system and PA-RISC sys-
tem, respectively. The
-G option also links in versions of the library routines that are compiled for
profiling.
gprof(1) supports profiling of multiple shared libraries.
The symbol table for the load modules being profiled are read and correlated with the call graph profile
file (
gmon.out). To have the full call graph, no load module symbol table may be chopped; that is, no
compiles may use the -x option. If more than one profile file is specified,
gprof output shows the sum
of the profile information in the given profile files.
First, a flat profile is given, similar to that provided by
prof (see prof(1)). This listing gives the total
execution times and call counts for each function in the load modules being profiled, sorted by decreasing
time. The module index is also reported for each function signifying the load module in which the func-
tion is defined.
Next, these times are propagated along the edges of the call graph.
gprof discovers all cycles in the call
graph. All calls made into the cycle share the time of that cycle. A second listing shows the functions
sorted according to the time they represent including the time of their call graph descendants. Below
each function entry is shown its (direct) call graph children, and how their times are propagated to this
function. A similar display above the function shows how the time of this function and the time of its des-
cendants are propagated to its (direct) call graph parents.
Cycles are also shown, with an entry for the cycle as a whole and a listing of the members of the cycle,
each with their contributions to the time and call counts of the cycle.
In the end a mapping of all module indices to module names is given. The modules not being profiled are
reported at the top of output.
Shared Library Profiling
Support for
gprof-style profiling of shared libraries is available both on 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
The environment variable
LD_PROFILE determines what load modules get profiled; the environment
variable LD_PROFILEBUCKET_SIZE
controls the size of profiling counters. See the section below,
Environment Variables.
At program termination the
gprof library dumps all profiling information on a per-module basis in
gmon.out, which the gprof command reads and matches to corresponding functions in the load
modules.
Options
The
gprof command recognizes the following options:
-a Suppress printing statically declared functions. If this option is given, all relevant
information about the static function (such as time samples, calls to other functions,
and calls from other functions) belongs to the function loaded just before the static
function in the a.out file.
-b Suppress printing a description of each field in the profile.
-e name Suppress printing the graph profile entry for routine name and all its descendants
(unless they have other ancestors that are not suppressed). More than one -e
option can be given. Only one name can be given with each -e option.
-E name Suppress printing the graph profile entry for routine name (and its descendants) as
-e above, and also exclude the time spent in name (and its descendants) from the
total and percentage time computations. -E mcount -E mcleanup is the
default.
HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company Section 1−−341