HP-UX Reference Section 3: Library Functions (N-Z) HP-UX 11i Version 1, September 2005 Update Volume 7 of 10 Manufacturing Part Number : B2355-90908 E0905 Printed in USA © Copyright 1983-2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company LP.
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Copyright 1996 Morning Star Technologies, Inc. Copyright 1996 Progressive Systems, Inc. Trademark Notices Intel and Itanium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the US and other countries and are used under license. Java is a US trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Microsoft and MS-DOS are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. OSF/Motif is a trademark of The Open Group in the US and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
Revision History This document’s printing date and part number indicate its edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change.) New editions of this manual incorporate all material updated since the previous edition. Part Number Release; Date; Format; Distribution B2355-60127 HP-UX 11i Version 1; September 2005 Update; one volume HTML; http://docs.hp.com and Instant Information.
Typographical Conventions audit (5) An HP-UX manpage. audit is the name and 5 is the section in the HP-UX Reference. On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the manpage itself. From the HP-UX command line, you can enter “man audit” or “man 5 audit” to view the manpage. See man (1). Book Title The title of a book. On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the book itself. KeyCap The name of a keyboard key.
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Preface HP-UX is the Hewlett-Packard Company’s implementation of a UNIX operating system that is compatible with various industry standards. It is based on the System V Release 4 operating system and includes important features from the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution. The ten volumes of this manual contain the system reference documentation, made up of individual entries called manpages, named for the man command (see man (1)) that displays them on the system.
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Volume Seven Table of Contents Section 3
Volume Seven Table of Contents Section 3
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Section 3: Library Functions Entry Name(Section): name Description intro(3C): intro ................................................................................ introduction to subroutines and libraries __data_start: last locations in program ...................................................................................... see end(3C) __nis_map_group(): NIS+ group manipulation functions ...............................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description asinh(3M): asinh() ........................................................................................ inverse hyperbolic sine function assert(3X): assert() ................................................................................................ verify program assertion atan(3M): atan(), atanf() .............................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description ............................................................................................ 4.2 BSD-compatible process control facilities bsearch(3C): bsearch() ...................................................................................... binary search a sorted table btowc(3C): wctob(3C) ...........................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description closedir(): close a currently open directory ...................................................................... see directory(3C) closelog(): control system log ................................................................................................ see syslog(3C) clrtobot(3X): clrtobot(), wclrtobot() .................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description db_table_exists(): NIS+ database access functions ............................................................. see nis_db(3N) db_unload_table(): NIS+ database access functions ............................................................. see nis_db(3N) dbm(3C): dbmclose(), dbminit(), delete(), fetch(), firstkey(), nextkey(), store() ........................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description ............................................................... write a complex character and immediately refresh the window echochar(3X): echochar(), wechochar() . echo single-byte character and rendition to a window and refresh ecvt(3C): ecvt(), fcvt(), gcvt() ..................................................... convert floating-point number to string edata: last locations in program ............................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description elf_version(3E): elf_version() .......................................... coordinate ELF library and application versions elf_xlate(3E): elf32_xlatetof(), elf32_xlatetom(), elf64_xlatetof(), elf64_xlatetom() ........................................................................................... class-dependent data translation of ELF files end(3C): end, edata, etext, __data_start, __text_start .................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description feraiseexcept(3M): feraiseexcept() ............................................................. raise floating-point exceptions ferror(3S): ferror(), feof(), clearerr(), ferror_unlocked(), feof_unlocked(), clearerr_unlocked() ....................................................... stream status inquiries ferror_unlocked(): stream status inquiries ...........................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description freopen64(): non-POSIX standard API interfaces to support large files ............................. see fgetpos64(3S) frexp(3M): frexp() .......................................... extract mantissa and exponent from double-precision number fscanf(): formatted input conversion, read from stream file ......................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description getdiskbyname(3C) :getdiskbyname() ....................................................... get disk description by its name getdiskbyname_r(3C): get disk description ............................................................ see getdiskbyname(3C) getdvagent(3): getdvagent(), getdvagnam(), setdvagent(), enddvagent(), putdvagnam(), copydvagent() ................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description getprpwent(3): getprpwent(), getprpwuid(), getprpwnam(), getprpwaid(), setprpwent(), endprpwent(), putprpwnam() ...................................... manipulate protected password database entry getprpwnam(): get protected password database user name .............................................. see getprpwent(3) getprpwuid(): get protected password database user ID ..................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description getw(): get word from a stream file .............................................................................................. see getc(3S) getw_unlocked(): get word from a stream file ............................................................................ see getc(3S) getwc(3C): getwc(), getwc_unlocked(), getwchar(), getwchar_unlocked, fgetwc(), fgetwc_unlocked() ..........................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description ................................................................................................... process a context to the security service gss_release_buffer(3): gss_release_buffer() .................................... free storage associated with a buffer gss_release_cred(3): gss_release_cred() .................................................... mark a credential for deletion gss_release_name(3): gss_release_name() .........
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description ........................................................................... input a complex character and rendition from a window in_wchnstr(3X): in_wchnstr(), in_wchstr(), mvin_wchnstr(), mvin_wchstr(), mvwin_wchnstr(), mvwin_wchstr(), win_wchnstr(), win_wchstr() ........................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description isalnum(): classify characters ................................................................................................... see ctype(3C) isalpha(): classify characters ................................................................................................... see ctype(3C) isascii(): classify characters ...................................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description ldiv(): long integer division and remainder ..................................................................................... see div(3C) leaveok(): terminal output control functions ......................................................................... see clearok(3X) lfind(): linear search and update ..........................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description meta(3X): meta() ...................................................................................................... enable/disable meta-keys mkdirp(3G): mkdirp(), rmdirp() ........................................................... create, remove directories in a path mkfifo(3C): mkfifo() .................................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description mvwadd_wchstr(): add an array of complex characters and renditions to a window ........ see add_wchnstr(3X) mvwaddch(): add a single-byte character and rendition to a window and advance the cursor ....... see addch(3X) mvwaddchnstr(): add length limited string of single-byte characters and renditions to a window ........................................................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description netdir_sperror(): generic transport name-to-address translation ........................................ see netdir(3N) netname2host(): library routines for secure remote procedure calls ............................... see secure_rpc(3N) netname2user(): library routines for secure remote procedure calls ............................... see secure_rpc(3N) newpad(3X): newpad(), pnoutrefresh(), prefresh() .............................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description nis_print_object(): NIS+ subroutine .............................................................................. see nis_subr(3N) nis_remove(): NIS+ namespace functions ....................................................................... see nis_names(3N) nis_remove_entry(): NIS+ table functions .....................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description pam_sm_close_session(): service provider for pam_open_session() and pam_close_session() ................................................................................................................ see pam_sm_open_session(3) pam_sm_open_session(3): pam_sm_open_session(), pam_sm_close_session() ......................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description pthread_cancel(3T): thread_cancel() ............................................................. cancel execution of a thread pthread_cleanup_pop(3T): pthread_cleanup_pop(), pthread_cleanup_push() ......................................................................... register or remove a thread cancellation cleanup handler pthread_cleanup_push(): register a thread cancellation cleanup handler ...
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T): pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(), pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(), pthread_mutexattr_gettype(), pthread_mutexattr_settype() ......................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description pthread_sigmask(3T): pthread_sigmask() ........ examine and change the signal mask of the calling thread pthread_spu_to_ldom_np(): ID of locality domain specified by spu . see pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_suspend(): suspend execution of a thread ......................................... see pthread_resume_np(3T) pthread_testcancel(3T): pthread_testcancel() ........................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description reset_shell_mode(): restore terminal modes to ‘‘shell’’ (not in Curses) state .......... see def_prog_mode(3x) resetty(3X): resetty(), savetty() ..................................................................... save/restore terminal mode resolver(3N): res_query(), res_search(), res_mkquery(), res_send(), res_init(), dn_comp(), dn_expand(), herror(), set_resfield(), get_resfield() ...............................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description rpcb_gettime(): library routine for RPC bind service .......................................................... see rpcbind(3N) rpcb_rmtcall(): library routine for RPC bind service .......................................................... see rpcbind(3N) rpcb_set(): library routine for RPC bind service ..................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description setpwent(): get secure password file entry .......................................................................... see getspent(3C) setscrreg(): terminal output control functions ..................................................................... see clearok(3X) setservent(): set service entry .......................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description slk_touch(): soft label functions ......................................................................................... see slk_attroff(3X) slk_wset(): soft label functions ........................................................................................... see slk_attroff(3X) snprintf(): print formatted output to a string .........................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description svc_dg_create(): library routine for the creation of server handles, rpc ................. see rpc_svc_create(3N) svc_dg_enablecache(): library routine for RPC servers ............................................ see rpc_svc_calls(3N) svc_done(): library routine for RPC servers ................................................................ see rpc_svc_calls(3N) svc_exit(): library routine for RPC servers ........................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description t_optmgmt(3): t_optmgmt() ................................. X/OPEN TLI-XTI - manage options for transport endpoint t_rcv(3): t_rcv() ................................................................... X/OPEN TLI-XTI - receive data over connection t_rcvconnect(3): t_rcvconnect() .................. X/OPEN TLI-XTI - receive confirmation from connect request t_rcvdis(3): t_rcvdis() ...........................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description tolower(), _tolower: translate characters ................................................................................ see conv(3C) touchline(): window refresh control functions ............................................................ see is_linetouched(3X) touchwin(3X): touchwin() ............................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description wadd_wchstr(): add an array of complex characters and renditions to a window ............ see add_wchnstr(3X) waddch(): add a single-byte character and rendition to a window and advance the cursor ........... see addch(3X) waddchnstr(): add length limited string of single-byte characters and renditions to a window ......................................................................................................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description wcursyncup(): synchronise a window with its parents or children ............................................. see syncok(3X) wcwidth(): wide character string operations ........................................................................ see wcstring(3C) wdelch(): delete character from a window ................................................................................... seedelch(3x) wdeleteln(): delete lines in window .
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description wunctrl(3X): wunctrl() ............................................... generate printable representation of a wide character wvline(): draw lines from single-byte characters and renditions .................................................. see hline(3X) wvline_set(): draw lines from complex characters and renditions ........................................ see hline_set(3X) xdr(3N): xdr ............................................
Table of Contents Volumes Six and Seven Entry Name(Section): name Description xdrrec_eof(): library routines for external data representation ..................................... see xdr_admin(3N) xdrrec_readbytes(): library routines for external data representation ......................... see xdr_admin(3N) xdrrec_skiprecord(): library routines for external data representation ....................... see xdr_admin(3N) xdrstdio_create(): library routines for external data representation stream creation ..
Notes xliv Hewlett-Packard Company HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005
Section 3 Part 2 Library Functions N-Z
Section 3 Part 2 Library Functions N-Z
nan(3M) nan(3M) NAME nan( ) - string-to-NaN conversion function SYNOPSIS #include double nan(const char *tagp); DESCRIPTION The nan() function creates a quiet NaN from the specified string. The call nan("n-char-sequence") is equivalent to strtod("NAN( n-char-sequence)", (char**) NULL). The call nan("") is equivalent to strtod("NAN()", (char**) NULL). If tagp does not point to an n-char-sequence string, the result NaN’s content is unspecified.
napms(3X) napms(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME napms() - suspend the calling process SYNOPSIS #include int napms(int ms); DESCRIPTION The napms() function takes at least ms milliseconds to return. RETURN VALUE The napms() function returns OK. ERRORS No errors are defined. APPLICATION USAGE A more reliable method of achieving a timed delay is the usleep() function. SEE ALSO usleep(2), (in the X/Open System delay_output(3X), .
ndbm(3X) ndbm(3X) NAME ndbm: dbm_clearerr(), dbm_close(), dbm_delete(), dbm_error(), dbm_fetch(), dbm_firstkey(), dbm_nextkey(), dbm_open(), dbm_store() - database subroutines, multiple-database version SYNOPSIS #include
ndbm(3X) ndbm(3X) The .pag file will contain holes so that its apparent size is about four times its actual content. Some older UNIX systems create real file blocks for these holes when touched. These files cannot be copied by normal means (such as cp(1), cat(1), tar(1), or ar(1)) without expansion. dptr pointers returned by these subroutines point into static storage that is changed by subsequent calls.
net_aton(3C) net_aton(3C) NAME net_aton( ), net_ntoa( ) - network station address string conversion routines SYNOPSIS #include char *net_aton(char *dstr, const char *sstr, int size); char *net_ntoa(char *dstr, const char *sstr, int size); DESCRIPTION net_aton() and net_ntoa() translate station addresses between hexadecimal, octal or decimal, and binary formats: net_aton() net_ntoa() converts a hexadecimal, octal, or decimal address to a binary address.
netdir(3N) netdir(3N) NAME netdir(), netdir_getbyname(), netdir_getbyaddr(), netdir_free(), netdir_options(), taddr2uaddr(), uaddr2taddr(), netdir_perror(), netdir_sperror() - generic transport name-to-address translation SYNOPSIS #include
netdir(3N) netdir(3N) endpoints. HOST_ANY Represents any host accessible by this transport provider. HOST_ANY allows applications to specify a required service without specifying a particular host name. HOST_SELF_CONNECT Represents the host address that can be used to connect to the local host. HOST_BROADCAST Represents the address for all hosts accessible by this transport provider. Network requests to this address will be received by all machines.
netdir(3N) netdir(3N) ND_CHECK_RESERVEDPORT Used to verify that the address corresponds to a reserved port, if that concept exists for the transport provider. fildes is not used. pointer_to_args is a pointer to a netbuf structure that contains the address. This option returns 40 only if the address specified in pointer_to_args is reserved. RETURN VALUES The netdir_perror() routine prints an error message on the standard output stating why one of the name-to-address mapping routines failed.
newpad(3X) newpad(3X) (CURSES) NAME newpad(), pnoutrefresh(), prefresh() - pad management functions SYNOPSIS #include
newwin(3X) newwin(3X) (CURSES) NAME newwin, subwin — window creation functions SYNOPSIS #include WINDOW *newwin(int nlines, int ncols, int begin_y, int begin_x); WINDOW *subwin(WINDOW *orig, int nlines, int ncols, int begin_y, int begin_x); DESCRIPTION The newwin() function creates a new window with nlines lines and ncols columns, positioned so that the origin is (begin_y, begin_x). If nlines is zero, it defaults to LINES − begin_y; if ncols is zero, it defaults to COLS − begin_x.
nextafter(3M) nextafter(3M) NAME nextafter( ), nextafterf( ) - next representable floating-point value SYNOPSIS #include double nextafter(double x, double y); float nextafterf(float x, float y); DESCRIPTION The nextafter() function computes the next representable double-precision floating-point value following x in the direction of y. Thus, if y is less than x, nextafter() returns the largest representable floating-point number less than x.
nis_db(3N) nis_db(3N) NAME nis_db, db_initialize, db_create_table, db_destroy_table, db_first_entry, db_next_entry, db_reset_next_entry, db_list_entries, db_remove_entry, db_add_entry, db_table_exists, db_unload_table, db_checkpoint, db_standby, db_free_result - NIS+ Database access functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . n -lnisdb -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include #include
nis_db(3N) nis_db(3N) searching for.
nis_db(3N) nis_db(3N) nis_attr structure with numattrs number of elements. db_remove_entry() removes all entries that satisfy the given attributes. db_free_result() can be used to free up the returned db_result structure. attrs is an array of nis_attr structure with numattrs number of elements. db_add_entry() adds a copy of the given object to the specified table, replacing the one identified by the given attributes. If the given attributes identify more than one object, DB_NOTUNIQUE is returned.
nis_db(3N) nis_db(3N) DB_STORAGE_LIMIT There is insufficient file storage available to complete the operation requested. DB_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal error was encountered during the execution of the operation requested (either a programming error or an unrecoverable exception). SEE ALSO rpc.nisd(1M), nis_objects(3N), nisfiles(4).
nis_error(3N) nis_error(3N) NAME nis_error, nis_sperrno, nis_perror, nis_lerror, nis_sperror, nis_sperror_r - display NIS+ error messages SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_groups(3N) nis_groups(3N) NAME nis_groups: nis_addmember(), nis_creategroup(), nis_destroygroup(), nis_ismember(), nis_map_group(), nis_print_group_entry(), nis_removemember(), nis_verifygroup(), __nis_map_group() - NIS+ group manipulation functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_groups(3N) Async-signal Safe: nis_groups(3N) No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment. These functions may be thread cancellation points because they invoke functions that are thread cancellation points. In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() . These functions should not be called by a multithreaded application that support asynchronous cancellation or asynchronous signals.
nis_groups(3N) nis_groups(3N) SEE ALSO nisgrpadm(1), nis_objects(3N).
nis_local_names(3N) nis_local_names(3N) NAME nis_local_names, nis_local_directory, nis_local_host, nis_local_group, nis_local_principal - NIS+ local names SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . #include nis_name nis_name nis_name nis_name -lnsl [ library. . . ] nis_local_directory(void); nis_local_host(void); nis_local_group(void); nis_local_principal(void); DESCRIPTION These functions return several default NIS+ names associated with the current process.
nis_names(3N) nis_names(3N) NAME nis_names, nis_lookup, nis_add, nis_remove, nis_modify, nis_freeresult - NIS+ namespace functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_names(3N) nis_names(3N) array will contain a copy of the link object itself. The function nis_add() will take the object obj and add it to the NIS+ namespace with the name name. This operation will fail if the client making the request does not have the create access right for the domain in which this object will be added. The parameter name must contain a fully qualified NIS+ name. The object members zo_name and zo_domain will be constructed from this name.
nis_names(3N) cticks nis_names(3N) The total time spent in the request. This clock starts when you enter the client library and stops when a result is returned. By subtracting the sum of the other ticks values from this value, you can obtain the local overhead of generating a NIS+ request. Subtracting the value in dticks from the value in zticks will yield the time spent in the service code itself.
nis_names(3N) nis_names(3N) NIS_INVALIDOBJ The object pointed to by obj is not a valid NIS+ object. NIS_BADNAME The name passed to the function is not a legal NIS+ name. NIS_LINKNAMEERROR The name passed resolved to a LINK type object and the contents of the link pointed to an invalid name. NIS_NOTSAMEOBJ An attempt to remove an object from the namespace was aborted because the object that would have been removed was not the same object that was passed in the request.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) NAME nis_objects - NIS+ object formats SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] /usr/include/rpcsvc/nis_objects.h DESCRIPTION Common Attributes The NIS+ service uses a variant record structure to hold the contents of the objects that are used by the NIS+ service. These objects all share a common structure which defines a set of attributes that all objects possess.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) group.domain. which the server then maps into a name of the form group .groups_dir. domain. The purpose of this mapping is to prevent NIS+ group names from conflicting with user specified domain or table names. For example, if a domain was called engineering.foo.com., then without the mapping a NIS+ group of the same name to represent members of engineering would not be possible.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) types in more significant detail. Directory Objects The first type of object is the directory object.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) The do_servers structure contains two members. do_servers_val is an array of nis_server structures; do_servers_len is the number of cells in the array. The nis_server structure is designed to contain enough information such that machines on the network providing name services can be contacted without having to use a name service.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) The gr_flags member contains flags that are currently unused. The gr_members structure contains the list of principals. For a complete description of how group objects are manipulated see nis_groups(3N). Table Objects The NIS+ table object is analogous to a YP map. The differences stem from the access controls, and the variable schemas that NIS+ allows.
nis_objects(3N) nis_objects(3N) Entry Objects Entry objects are stored in tables. The structure used to define the entry data is as follows.
nis_ping(3N) nis_ping(3N) NAME nis_ping, nis_checkpoint - misc NIS+ log administration functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include void nis_ping(const nis_name dirname , const u_long utime , const nis_object *dirobj); nis_result *nis_checkpoint(const nis_name dirname ); DESCRIPTION nis_ping() is called by the master server for a directory when a change has occurred within that directory. The parameter dirname identifies the directory with the change.
nis_server(3N) nis_server(3N) NAME nis_server, nis_mkdir, nis_rmdir, nis_servstate, nis_stats, nis_getservlist, nis_freeservlist, nis_freetags miscellaneous NIS+ functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_server(3N) Fork Safe: Async-cancel Safe: Async-signal Safe: nis_server(3N) No No No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment. These functions may be thread cancellation points because they invoke functions that are thread cancellation points. In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() .
nis_subr(3N) nis_subr(3N) NAME nis_subr, nis_leaf_of, nis_name_of, nis_domain_of, nis_getnames, nis_clone_object, nis_destroy_object, nis_print_object - NIS+ subroutines nis_freenames, nis_dir_cmp, SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_subr(3N) nis_subr(3N) an array (using the dest parameter to nis_clone_object()) then the object cannot be freed with this function. Instead, the function xdr_free(xdr_nis_object, dest ) must be used. nis_print_object() prints out the contents of a NIS+ object structure on the standard output. Its primary use is for debugging NIS+ programs.
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) NAME nis_tables, nis_list, nis_add_entry, nis_remove_entry, nis_modify_entry, nis_first_entry, nis_next_entry NIS+ table functions SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) invalid or non-existent object then it is silently ignored. HARD_LOOKUP This flag specifies that the operation should continue trying to contact a server of the named table until a definitive result is returned (such as NIS_NOTFOUND). ALL_RESULTS This flag can only be used in conjunction with FOLLOW_PATH and a callback function. When specified, it forces all of the tables in the path to be searched.
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) If the flags parameter contains the flag MOD_SAMEOBJ then the object pointed to by object is assumed to be a cached copy of the original object. If the OID of the object passed is different than the OID of the object the server fetches, then the operation fails with the NIS_NOTSAMEOBJ error. This can be used to implement a simple read-modify-write protocol which will fail if the object is modified before the client can write the object back.
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) dticks The time spent in the database backend, this time is measured from the time a database call starts, until a result is returned. If the request results in multiple calls to the database, this is the sum of all the time spent in those calls. aticks The time spent in any ‘‘accelerators’’ or caches. This includes the time required to locate the server needed to resolve the request.
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) NIS_NOCALLBACK The server was unable to contact the callback service on your machine. This results in no data being returned. NIS_NOMEMORY Generally a fatal result. It means that the service ran out of heap space. NIS_NOSUCHNAME This hard error indicates that the named directory of the table object does not exist. This occurs when the server that should be the parent of the server that serves the table, does not know about the directory in which the table resides.
nis_tables(3N) nis_tables(3N) NIS_TYPEMISMATCH An attempt was made to add or modify an entry in a table, and the entry passed was of a different type than the table. ENVIRONMENT NIS_PATH When set, this variable is the search path used by nis_list() EXPAND_NAME is set. if the flag WARNINGS Use the flag HARD_LOOKUP carefully since it can cause the application to block indefinitely during a network partition. HP-UX 11i Version 2 is the last HP-UX release on which NIS+ is supported.
nl(3X) nl(3X) (CURSES) NAME nl, nonl — enable/disable newline translation SYNOPSIS #include int nl(void); int nonl(void); DESCRIPTION The nl() function enables a mode in which carriage return is translated to newline on input. The nonl() function disables the above translation. Initially, the above translation is enabled. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, these functions return OK. Otherwise, they return ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
nl_langinfo(3C) nl_langinfo(3C) NAME nl_langinfo( ) - language information SYNOPSIS #include char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item); DESCRIPTION nl_langinfo() returns a pointer to a null-terminated string containing information relevant to a particular language or cultural area defined in the program’s locale (see setlocale(3C)). The manifest constant names and values of item are defined in .
nl_tools_16(3X) nl_tools_16(3X) OBSOLETE OBSOLETE NAME nl_tools_16: ADVANCE(), byte_status(), BYTE_STATUS(), CHARADV(), CHARAT(), c_colwidth(), C_COLWIDTH(), firstof2(), FIRSTof2(), secof2(), SECof2(), WCHAR(), WCHARADV() - tools to process 16bit characters (OBSOLETE) SYNOPSIS #include
nl_tools_16(3X) nl_tools_16(3X) OBSOLETE OBSOLETE CHARAT() Takes as an argument a pointer p, which is assumed to be pointing at either a onebyte character or the first byte of a two-byte character. In either case, CHARAT() returns the wchar_t value that corresponds to the character pointed to by p. ADVANCE() Advances its pointer argument by the byte width of the character it is pointing at (either one or two bytes). CHARADV() Combines the functions of CHARAT() and ADVANCE() in a single macro.
nlist(3C) nlist(3C) NAME nlist(), nlist64() - get entries from name list SYNOPSIS nlist() cc [flag]... cfile... #include int nlist(const char *file_name, struct nlist *nl); nlist64() cc [flag]... cfile... -lelf [library]... #include int nlist64(const char* file_name, struct nlist64 *nl); Remarks The use of symbol table type and value information is inherently non-portable.
nodelay(3X) nodelay(3X) (CURSES) NAME nodelay() - enable or disable block during read SYNOPSIS #include int nodelay(WINDOW *win, bool bf); DESCRIPTION The nodelay() function specifies whether Delay Mode or No Delay Mode is in effect for the screen associated with the specified window. If bf is TRUE, this screen is set to No Delay Mode. If bf is FALSE, this screen is set to Delay Mode. The initial state is FALSE. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, nodelay() returns OK.
noqiflush(3X) noqiflush(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME noqiflush(), qiflush() - enable/disable queue flushing SYNOPSIS #include void noqiflush(void); void qiflush(void); DESCRIPTION The qiflush() function causes all output in the display driver queue to be flushed whenever an interrupt key (interrupt, suspend, or quit) is pressed. The noqiflush() causes no such flushing to occur. The default for the option is inherited from the display driver settings.
notimeout(3X) notimeout(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME notimeout(), timeout(), wtimeout() - control blocking on input SYNOPSIS #include int notimeout(WINDOW *win, bool bf); void timeout(int delay); void wtimeout(WINDOW *win, int delay); DESCRIPTION The notimeout() function specifies whether Timeout Mode or No Timeout Mode is in effect for the screen associated with the specified window. If bf is TRUE, this screen is set to No Timeout Mode. If bf is FALSE, this screen is set to Timeout Mode.
overlay(3X) overlay(3X) (CURSES) NAME overlay(), overwrite() - copy overlapped windows SYNOPSIS #include int overlay(const WINDOW *srcwin, WINDOW *dstwin); int overwrite(const WINDOW *srcwin, WINDOW *dstwin); DESCRIPTION The overlay() and overwrite() functions overlay srcwin on top of dstwin. The scrwin and dstwin arguments need not be the same size; only text where the two windows overlap is copied.
pam(3) pam(3) NAME PAM - Pluggable Authentication Module SYNOPSIS #include cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] DESCRIPTION PAM gives system administrators the flexibility of choosing any authentication service available on the system to perform authentication. The framework also allows new authentication service modules to be plugged in and made available without modifying the applications.
pam(3) pam(3) To perform session management, applications call pam_open_session(). For example, the system may want to store the total time for the session. The function pam_close_session() closes the current session. When necessary, applications can call pam_get_item() and pam_set_item() to access and update specific authentication information. Such information may include the current username.
pam_acct_mgmt(3) pam_acct_mgmt(3) NAME pam_acct_mgmt - perform PAM account validation procedures SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags ); DESCRIPTION The function pam_acct_mgmt() is called to determine if the current user’s account is valid. This includes checking for password and account expiration, as well as verifying access hour restrictions and terminal access restrictions for trusted mode.
pam_authenticate(3) pam_authenticate(3) NAME pam_authenticate - perform authentication within the PAM framework SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags ); DESCRIPTION pam_authenticate() is called to authenticate the current user. The user is usually required to enter a password or similar authentication token depending upon the authentication service configured within the system.
pam_chauthtok(3) pam_chauthtok(3) NAME pam_chauthtok - perform password related functions within the PAM framework SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_chauthtok(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags , int argc , const char **argv ); DESCRIPTION pam_chauthtok() is called to change the authentication token associated with a particular user referenced by the authentication handle, pamh.
pam_get_user(3) pam_get_user(3) NAME pam_get_user - PAM routine to retrieve user name. SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_get_user(pam_handle_t *pamh , char **user , const char *prompt ); DESCRIPTION pam_get_user() is used by PAM service modules to retrieve the current user name from the PAM handle.
pam_open_session(3) pam_open_session(3) NAME pam_open_session, pam_close_session - perform PAM session creation and termination operations SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include
pam_set_data(3) pam_set_data(3) NAME pam_set_data, pam_get_data - PAM routines to maintain module specific state SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include
pam_set_item(3) pam_set_item(3) NAME pam_set_item, pam_get_item - authentication information routines for PAM SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_set_item(pam_handle_t *pamh , int item_type , const void *item ); int pam_get_item(const pam_handle_t *pamh , int item_type , void **item ); DESCRIPTION pam_get_item() and pam_set_item() allow applications and PAM service modules to access and update PAM information as needed.
pam_setcred(3) pam_setcred(3) NAME pam_setcred - modify/delete user credentials for an authentication service SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags ); DESCRIPTION pam_setcred() is used to establish, modify, or delete user credentials.
pam_sm(3) pam_sm(3) NAME PAM - PAM Service Module APIs SYNOPSIS #include #include cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] DESCRIPTION PAM gives system administrators the flexibility of choosing any authentication service available on the system to perform authentication. The framework also allows new authentication service modules to be plugged in and made available without modifying the applications.
pam_sm(3) pam_sm(3) Interaction With the User The PAM service modules do not communicate directly with the user; instead they rely on the application to perform all such interactions. The application passes a pointer to the function, conv( ), along with any associated application data pointers, through the pam_conv structure when it initiates an authentication transaction (via a call to pam_start() ).
pam_sm(3) pam_sm(3) RETURN VALUES The PAM service module functions may return any of the PAM error numbers specified in the specific man pages. It can also return a PAM_IGNORE error number to mean that the PAM framework should ignore this module regardless of whether it is required, optional or sufficient. This error number is normally returned when the module does not want to deal with the given user at all.
pam_sm_acct_mgmt(3) pam_sm_acct_mgmt(3) NAME pam_sm_acct_mgmt - Service provider implementation for pam_acct_mgmt SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include #include int pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags , int argc , const char **argv ); DESCRIPTION In response to a call to pam_acct_mgmt(3), the PAM framework calls pam_sm_acct_mgmt() from the modules listed in the pam.conf(4) file.
pam_sm_authenticate(3) pam_sm_authenticate(3) NAME pam_sm_authenticate - Service provider implementation for pam_authenticate SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include #include int pam_sm_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags , int argc , const char **argv ); DESCRIPTION In response to a call to pam_authenticate(3), the PAM framework calls pam_sm_authenticate() from the modules listed in the pam.conf(4) file.
pam_sm_authenticate(3) PAM_USER_UNKNOWN PAM_IGNORE pam_sm_authenticate(3) User not known to underlying authentication module. Ignore underlying authentication module regardless of whether the control flag is required , optional or sufficient . SEE ALSO pam(3), pam_authenticate(3), pam.conf(4), pam_user.conf(4).
pam_sm_chauthtok(3) pam_sm_chauthtok(3) NAME pam_sm_chauthtok - Service provider implementation for pam_chauthtok SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include #include int pam_sm_chauthtok(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags , int argc , const char **argv ); DESCRIPTION In response to a call to pam_chauthtok() the PAM framework calls pam_sm_chauthtok() from the modules listed in the pam.conf(4) file.
pam_sm_chauthtok(3) pam_sm_chauthtok(3) If a user’s password has aged or expired, a PAM account module could save this information as state in the authentication handle, pamh, using pam_set_data(). The related password management module could retrieve this information using pam_get_data() to determine whether or not it should prompt the user to update the password for this particular module. RETURN VALUES Upon successful completion, PAM_SUCCESS must be returned.
pam_sm_open_session(3) pam_sm_open_session(3) NAME pam_sm_open_session, pam_sm_close_session - Service provider implementation for pam_open_session and pam_close_session respectively SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include #include
pam_sm_setcred(3) pam_sm_setcred(3) NAME pam_sm_setcred - Service provider implementation for pam_setcred SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include #include int pam_sm_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh , int flags , int argc , const char **argv ); DESCRIPTION In response to a call to pam_setcred(), the PAM framework calls pam_sm_setcred() from the modules listed in the pam.conf(4) file.
pam_start(3) pam_start(3) NAME pam_start, pam_end - authentication transaction routines for PAM SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include int pam_start(const char *service , const char *user , const struct pam_conv *pam_conv , pam_handle_t **pamh ); int pam_end(pam_handle_t *pamh , int status ); DESCRIPTION pam_start() is called to initiate an authentication transaction.
pam_start(3) pam_start(3) struct pam_response{ char ∗resp; int resp_retcode; /* currently not used, should be set to 0 */ }; It is the responsibility of the conversation function to strip off newline characters for PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF and PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON message styles, and to add newline characters (if appropriate) for PAM_ERROR_MSG and PAM_TEXT_INFO message styles. appdata_ptr is an application data pointer which is passed by the application to the PAM service modules.
pam_strerror(3) pam_strerror(3) NAME pam_strerror - get PAM error message string SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lpam [ library . . . ] #include const char *pam_strerror(pam_handle_t *pamh , int errnum ); DESCRIPTION pam_strerror() maps the PAM error number in errnum to a PAM error message string, and returns a pointer to that string. The application should not free or modify the string returned. The pamh argument is the PAM handle obtained by a prior call to pam_start() .
pathfind(3G) pathfind(3G) NAME pathfind() - search for named file in named directories SYNOPSIS #include char *pathfind (const char *path , const char *name , const char *mode ); DESCRIPTION pathfind searches the directories named in path for the file name. The directories named in path are separated by colons.
pechochar(3X) pechochar(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME pechochar(), pecho_wchar() - write a character and rendition and immediately refresh the pad SYNOPSIS #include int pechochar(WINDOW *pad, chtype ch); int pecho_wchar(WINDOW *pad, const cchar_t *wch); DESCRIPTION The pechochar() and pecho_wchar() functions output one character to a pad and immediately refresh the pad. They are equivalent to a call to waddch() or wadd_wch() , respectively, followed by a call to prefresh() .
perror(3C) perror(3C) NAME perror( ), strerror( ), errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr - system error messages SYNOPSIS #include void perror(const char *s); #include char *strerror(int errnum); #include extern char *sys_errlist[ ]; extern int sys_nerr; Obsolescent Interface #include
perror(3C) perror(3C) strerror_r() is an obsolescent interface supported only for compatibility with existing DCE applications. New multithreaded applications should use strerror() . SEE ALSO errno(2), lang(5), environ(5), thread_safety(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE perror() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
pfmt(3C) pfmt(3C) NAME pfmt(), vpfmt() - display message in standard format SYNOPSIS #include int pfmt(FILE *stream, long flags, char *fmt, /* [arg, ] */ ...); #include #include int vpfmt(FILE *stream, long flags, char *fmt, va_list ap); DESCRIPTION The pfmt() system call can be used to write a message in standard format to stream. It can also be used to write a localized string to stream. The arguments to pfmt() are formatted using printf() style formatting.
pfmt(3C) pfmt(3C) The pfmt() system call displays Message not found!! under the following conditions: • No message catalog is specified in fmt and no catalog is defined via setcat(3C). • msg_number is not positive. • No message could be retrieved and def_str is not specified. RETURN VALUE If successful, pfmt() and vpfmt() return the number of bytes written. Otherwise they return a negative value.
popen(3S) popen(3S) NAME popen( ), pclose( ) - initiate pipe I/O to/from a process SYNOPSIS #include FILE *popen(const char *command, const char *type); int pclose(FILE *stream); DESCRIPTION popen() creates a pipe between the calling program and a command to be executed by the POSIX shell, /usr/bin/sh (see sh-posix(1)). The arguments to popen() are pointers to null-terminated strings containing, respectively, a shell command line and an I/O mode, either r for reading or w for writing.
pow(3M) pow(3M) NAME pow( ), powf( ) - power functions SYNOPSIS #include double pow(double x, double y); float powf(float x, float y); DESCRIPTION The pow() function returns xy. If x is negative, y must be an integer value. The powf() function is a float version of pow() ; it takes float arguments and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) NAME prcmd() - return streams to parallel remote commands SYNOPSIS #include void prcmd_init ( struct prc_host *hostp, int num_hosts, int caller_status, char *command, time_t timeout ); int prcmd ( struct prc_host *hostp, int num_hosts ); Remarks These functions reside in libdc , and are linked using the -ldc option to the ld or cc command.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) PRC_ERR_SELECT /* select() failed */ PRC_CSBIT_ERR /* connection has errored out */ PRC_CONN_NONE PRC_CONN1_WAIT PRC_CONN2_WAIT PRC_CONN3_WAIT PRC_READ_WAIT PRC_READ_READY PRC_CONN_DONE PRC_CONN_NO_IPS PRC_CONN_FAILED PRC_CONN_REFUSED PRC_CONN_TIMEOUT /* /* /* /* /* /* /* /* /* /* /* */ */ */ */ */ */ */ */ */ */ */ needs connection waiting for stdio connect() waiting for stderr connect() waiting for remshd reply waiting for data data is ready to read connection closed can’t g
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) prc_conn_status field for the host to PRC_CONN_TIMEOUT, and closes the files specified by the host’s prc_fp and prc_fp2 fields. A host specified by name can be listed with multiple IP addresses in the hosts database. In that case, when a connection to one of that host’s IP addresses fails, is refused, or times out before reaching the PRC_READ_WAIT state, prcmd() attempts to open a new connection on the host’s next IP address (up to a limit of five IP addresses per host).
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) prc_fp (in case of error) and prc_fp2 (in case of successful connection back to the standard error port). When neither connection is ready for prc_conn_status field is left unchanged. reading, the When the standard error connection is ready for reading, prcmd() does an accept() on it, closes the old prc_fp2 and revises the value to a new file pointer for the new socket/fd, changes prc_conn_status to PRC_CONN3_WAIT, and sets prc_conn_time to the current system clock in seconds.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) Usage Notes Once a connection is made, and a host is in one of the PRC_READ_ * states, control of the ‘‘conversation’’ between the calling program and remote host belongs to the calling program. Conversations are of two types: 1. calling program communicates first 2.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) due to failure on the local system. failed system call. prc_errno is set to the errno value from a PRC_CONN_REFUSED • Connection refused. Per errno(2): ‘‘This usually results from trying to connect to a service that is inactive on the foreign host.’’ It can also be due to any other remote (remshd ) failure, including access denial; and to an improper connection attempt on the standard error port. The calling program should check the host’s prc_errmsg field.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) PRC_ERR_SELECT A select() call failed (other than with EINTR ); errno is set on return from prcmd() . The data in the host list is valid but no hosts are read-ready or write-ready, even if marked PRC_READ_READY from a previous successful call. DIAGNOSTICS Unlike rcmd() , prcmd() does not copy messages from remshd to the local standard error when remshd fails. It just puts the host in PRC_CONN_REFUSED state.
prcmd(3N) prcmd(3N) that have multiple internet addresses, only the specified internet address is tried. There is a limit of about 512 reserved ports on each system, and a soft limit for the number of available file descriptors for each process. Each specified host requires two reserved ports and two file descriptors for the connection to check its status.
printf(3S) printf(3S) NAME printf(), fprintf(), sprintf(), snprintf() - print formatted output SYNOPSIS #include int printf(const char *format, /* [arg,] */ ...); int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, /* [arg,] */ ...); int sprintf(char *s, const char *format, /* [arg,] */ ...); int snprintf(char *s, size_t maxsize, const char *format, /* [arg,] */ ...); DESCRIPTION printf() places output on the standard output stream stdout. fprintf() places output on the named output stream.
printf(3S) printf(3S) A field width or precision can be indicated by an asterisk instead of a digit string. In this case, an integer arg supplies the field width or precision. The arg that is actually converted is not fetched until the conversion letter is seen, so the args specifying field width, or precision, or both must appear in that order before the arg, if any, to be converted. A negative field width is taken as a - flag followed by a positive field width.
printf(3S) c printf(3S) The integer arg is converted to an unsigned char, and the resulting character is printed. If an l (ell) qualifier is present, the wchar_t arg is converted to an array of bytes representing the single wide character according to the setting of LC_CTYPE . Resulting bytes are printed. If the field width would otherwise cause the wide character to be split, the wide character is printed and the field width is adjusted upward.
printf(3S) printf(3S) EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Locale The LC_CTYPE category affects the following features: • Plain characters within format strings are interpreted as single byte and/or multibyte characters. • Field width is given in terms of bytes. As characters are placed on the output stream, they are interpreted as single byte or multibyte characters and the field width is decremented by the length of the character. • Precision is given in terms of bytes.
printf(3S) printf(3S) For American usage, format would point to the string: "%1$s, %2$s %3$d, %4$*6$.*7$d:%5$*6$.*7$d" and result in the output: "Sunday, July 3, 10:02" For German usage, the string: "%1$s, %3$s %2$d, %4$*6$.*7$d:%5$*6$.*7$d" results in the output: Sonntag, 3 Juli 10:02 WARNINGS Notice that with the c conversion character, an int arg is converted to an unsigned char. Hence, whole multibyte characters cannot be printed using a single c conversion character.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread - Introduction To POSIX.1c Threads DESCRIPTION The POSIX.1c library developed by HP enables the creation of processes that can exploit application and multi-processor platform parallelism. The pthread library libpthread consists of over 90 standardized interfaces for developing concurrent applications and synchronizing their actions within processes or between them.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) PTHREAD ATTRIBUTES A set of thread attributes may be provided to pthread_create(). Any changes from default values must be made to the attribute set before the call to pthread_create() is made. Subsequent changes to the attribute set do not affect the created thread. However, the attribute set may be used in multiple pthread_create() calls.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_cleanup_pop(), pthread_cleanup_push() Register or remove cancellation cleanup handlers. Refer to thread_safety(5) for the list of cancellation points in the pthread library, system functions, and libc. For libc functions, whether the thread is cancelled depends upon what action is performed while executing the function. If the thread blocks while inside the function, a cancellation point is created (i.e., the thread may be cancelled).
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_mutex_init(), pthread_mutex_destroy() Initialize/destroy contents of a mutex lock. pthread_mutex_lock(), pthread_mutex_trylock(), pthread_mutex_unlock() Lock/unlock a mutex. pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(), pthread_mutex_setprioceiling() Manipulate mutex locking priorities.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(), pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared() Manage read-write lock attributes used for pthread_rwlock_init(). POSIX 1.b SEMAPHORES The semaphore functions specified in the POSIX 1.b standard can also be used for synchronization in a multithreaded application. sem_init() , sem_destroy() Initialize/destroy contents of a semaphore. sem_post() , sem_wait() , sem_trywait() Increment/decrement semaphore value (possibly blocking).
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) TLS variables cannot be statically initialized, all are initially zero. Dynamically loaded libraries (via shl_load() ) cannot declare (but may use) TLS variables. TLS does have a cost in thread creation/termination operations, as TLS space for each thread must be allocated and zeroed, regardless of whether it ever will use the variables. If few threads actually use a large TLS area, it may be wise to instead use the POSIX TSD (above).
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) THR_TRACE_DIR Where to place the trace data files. If this is not defined, the files go to the current working directory. THR_TRACE_SYNC By default, trace records are buffered and only written to the file when the buffer is full. If this variable is set to any non-NULL value, data is immediately written to the trace file. THR_TRACE_EVENTS By default, all pthread events are traced. If this variable is defined, only the categories defined will be traced.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) Async-Signal Safe An async-signal safe function is a function that may be called by a signal handler. Only a restricted set of functions may safely be called by a signal handler. These functions are listed in section 3.3.1.3 of the POSIX.1c standard. Asynchronous Signal An asynchronous signal is a signal that has been generated due to an external event.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) Detached Thread A thread whose resources are automatically released by the system when the thread terminates. A detached thread cannot be joined by another thread. Consequently, detached threads cannot return an exit status. Joinable Thread A thread whose termination can be waited for by another thread. Joinable threads can return an exit status to a joining thread. Joinable threads maintain some state after termination until they are joined by another thread.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) Process A process can be thought of as a container for one or more threads of execution, an address space, and shared process resources. All processes have at least one thread. Each thread in the process executes within the process’ address space. Examples of process-shared resources are open file descriptors, message queue descriptors, mutexes, and semaphores. Process Control Block (PCB) This structure holds the register context of a process.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) Shared Object A shared object is a tangible entity that exists in the address space of a process and is accessible by all threads within the process. In the context of multithreaded programming, "shared objects" are global variables, file descriptors, and other such objects that require access by threads to be synchronized. Signal A signal is a simplified IPC mechanism that allows a process or thread to be notified of an event.
pthread(3T) pthread(3T) (Pthread Library) Thread-Safe Function A thread-safe function is one that may be safely called by multiple threads at the same time. If the function accesses shared data or resources, this access is regulated by a mutex or some other form of synchronization. Thread-Specific Data (TSD) Thread-specific data is global data that is specific to a thread. All threads access the same data variable. However, each thread has its own thread-specific value associated with this variable.
pthread_atfork(3T) pthread_atfork(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_atfork() - register fork handlers SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_atfork( void (*prepare )(void), void (*parent )(void), void (*child )(void) ); Parameters prepare This function is called before performing the fork() . parent This function is called in the parent process after performing the fork() . child This function is called in the child process after performing the fork() .
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_attr_set*(), pthread_attr_get*() - set and get thread attributes SYNOPSIS p #include
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) inheritsched This parameter either specifies the new value of the inheritsched attribute (set function) or it points to the memory location where the inheritsched attribute of attr is to be returned (get function). policy This parameter either specifies the new value of the schedpolicy attribute (set function) or it points to the memory location where the schedpolicy attribute of attr is to be returned (get function).
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) with this attribute to reclaim the system resources. The default value of detachstate is PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE. pthread_attr_setdetachstate() is used to set the detachstate attribute in the initialized attributes object attr. The new value of the detachstate attribute is passed to this function in the detachstate parameter. pthread_attr_getdetachstate() retrieves the value of the detachstate attribute from the thread attributes object attr.
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_attr_getguardsize() retrieves the value of the guardsize attribute from the thread attributes object attr. This value is returned in the guardsize parameter. If the guard area is rounded up to a multiple of PAGESIZE , a call to this function shall store in the guardsize parameter the guard size specified in the previous pthread_attr_setguardsize() function call.
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) This value is currently not supported on HP-UX release 10.30. The default value of the contentionscope attribute is not defined by POSIX.1c. On HP-UX release 10.30, the current default value of the contentionscope attribute is PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM. Note: This default value will change to PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS when HP-UX supports the MxN Threads Model.
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) PTHREAD_BIND_LDOM_NP Threads created with this binding_type are bound to the locality domain specified in the processor attribute. Refer to pthread_ldom_bind_np(3T) for more information on locality domain binding. PTHREAD_BIND_NONE_NP Threads created with this binding_type are not bound to any processor or locality domain. The processor attribute is ignored. This is the default value of the binding_type attribute.
pthread_attr(3T) pthread_attr(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(), pthread_attr_setschedparam(), pthread_attr_getschedparam(), pthread_attr_setprocessor_np(), pthread_attr_getprocessor_np(), pthread_attr_setscope(), and pthread_attr_getscope() return the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] [EINVAL] The value specified by attr is invalid. The value specified by stacksize is less than the minimum required stacksize of PTHREAD_STACK_MIN or exceeds a system-imposed limit.
pthread_attr_init(3T) pthread_attr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_attr_init(), pthread_attr_destroy() - initialize or destroy a thread attributes object. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_attr_init( pthread_attr_t *attr ); int pthread_attr_destroy( pthread_attr_t *attr ); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the thread attributes object to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_attr_init(3T) pthread_attr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) ERRORS If any of the following occur, the pthread_attr_init() function returns the corresponding error number: [ENOMEM] There is insufficient memory available in which to initialize the pthread attributes object. [EINVAL] The value specified by attr is invalid. If any of the following occur, the pthread_attr_destroy() function returns the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] The value specified by attr is invalid.
pthread_cancel(3T) pthread_cancel(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_cancel() - cancel execution of a thread SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_cancel( pthread_t thread ); PARAMETERS thread Target thread to be canceled. DESCRIPTION pthread_cancel() requests that thread (hereby referred to as target thread) be canceled. It allows a thread to terminate the execution of any thread in the process in a controlled manner.
pthread_cancel(3T) pthread_cancel(3T) (Pthread Library) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_cancel(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_cleanup_push(3T) pthread_cleanup_push(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_cleanup_push(), pthread_cleanup_pop() - register or remove a cancellation cleanup handler SYNOPSIS #include void pthread_cleanup_push( void (*routine)(void *), void *arg ); void pthread_cleanup_pop( int execute ); PARAMETERS routine Routine registered as a cancellation cleanup handler. arg Parameter to be passed to the cancellation cleanup handler routine() .
pthread_cleanup_push(3T) pthread_cleanup_push(3T) (Pthread Library) SEE ALSO pthread_cancel(3T), pthread_setcancelstate(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_cleanup_push(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_cleanup_pop(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_cond_init(3T) pthread_cond_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_cond_init(), pthread_cond_destroy() - initialize or destroy a condition variable. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_cond_init( pthread_cond_t *cond, const pthread_condattr_t *attr ); pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; int pthread_cond_destroy( pthread_cond_t *cond ); PARAMETERS cond attr Pointer to the condition variable to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_cond_init(3T) pthread_cond_init(3T) (Pthread Library) [EFAULT] The cond parameter points to an illegal address. For each of the following conditions, if the condition is detected, the pthread_cond_destroy() function returns the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] cond is not a valid condition variable. [EBUSY] An attempt to destroy cond while it is in use by another thread. WARNINGS The space for condition variable must be allocated before calling pthread_cond_init().
pthread_cond_signal(3T) pthread_cond_signal(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_cond_signal(), pthread_cond_broadcast() - unblock one or all threads waiting on a condition variable. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_cond_signal( pthread_cond_t *cond ); int pthread_cond_broadcast( pthread_cond_t *cond ); PARAMETERS cond Pointer to the condition variable to be signaled or broadcast.
pthread_cond_signal(3T) pthread_cond_signal(3T) (Pthread Library) SEE ALSO pthread_cond_init(3T), pthread_cond_wait(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_cond_signal(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_cond_broadcast(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_cond_wait(3T) pthread_cond_wait(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_cond_wait(), pthread_cond_timedwait() - wait or timed wait on a condition variable. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_cond_wait( pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex ); int pthread_cond_timedwait( pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime ); PARAMETERS cond Pointer to the condition variable to be waited on. mutex Pointer to the mutex associated with the condition variable cond.
pthread_cond_wait(3T) pthread_cond_wait(3T) (Pthread Library) If a signal is delivered to a thread waiting for a condition variable, upon return from the signal handler, the thread may return zero due to a spurious wakeup or continue waiting for the condition. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, pthread_cond_wait() and pthread_cond_timedwait() return zero. Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error (the errno variable is not set).
pthread_cond_wait(3T) pthread_cond_wait(3T) (Pthread Library) break; } } } (void)pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); Code for success condition. AUTHOR pthread_cond_wait() and pthread_cond_timedwait() were derived from the IEEE POSIX P1003.1c standard. SEE ALSO pthread_cond_init(3T), pthread_cond_signal(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_cond_wait(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_cond_timedwait(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_condattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_condattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_condattr_setpshared(), pthread_condattr_getpshared() - set or get the process-shared attribute SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_condattr_getpshared( const pthread_condattr_t *attr, int *pshared ); int pthread_condattr_setpshared( pthread_condattr_t *attr, int pshared ); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the condition variable attributes object whose process-shared attribute is to be set/retrieved.
pthread_condattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_condattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) [EINVAL] WARNINGS If a condition The value specified by attr or pshared is invalid. variable is created with the process-shared attribute defined as PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED, the cooperating processes should have access to the memory in which the condition variable is allocated. AUTHOR pthread_condattr_setpshared() and pthread_condattr_getpshared() were derived from the IEEE POSIX P1003.1c standard.
pthread_condattr_init(3T) pthread_condattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_condattr_init(), pthread_condattr_destroy() - initialize or destroy a condition variable attributes object. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_condattr_init( pthread_condattr_t *attr ); int pthread_condattr_destroy( pthread_condattr_t *attr ); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the condition variable attributes object to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_condattr_init(3T) pthread_condattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) SEE ALSO pthread_create(3T), pthread_condattr_getpshared(3T), pthread_cond_init(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_condattr_init(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_condattr_destroy(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_create(3T) pthread_create(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_create() - create a new thread of execution. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_create( pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine)(void *), void *arg ); PARAMETERS thread Pointer to the location where the created thread’s ID is to be returned. attr Pointer to the thread attributes object describing the characteristics of the created thread. If the value is NULL , default attributes will be used.
pthread_create(3T) pthread_create(3T) (Pthread Library) [EINVAL] The scheduling policy or scheduling attributes specified in attr are invalid. [EPERM] The caller does not have the appropriate privileges to create a thread with the scheduling policy and parameters specified in attr. NOTES It is unspecified whether joinable threads that have exited but haven’t been joined count against the PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX limit. AUTHOR pthread_create() was derived from the IEEE POSIX P1003.1c standard.
pthread_default_stacksize_np(3T) pthread_default_stacksize_np(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_default_stacksize_np() - change the default stacksize. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_default_stacksize_np( size_t new_size, size_t *old_size ); PARAMETERS new_size The new default stack size. old_size Pointer to where the old default stack size is returned. DESCRIPTION The pthread_default_stacksize_np() function allows an application to change the default value for the stacksize attribute.
pthread_detach(3T) pthread_detach(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_detach() - mark a thread as detached to reclaim its resources when it terminates. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_detach( pthread_t thread ); PARAMETERS thread Thread whose resources are to be reclaimed immediately when it terminates. DESCRIPTION pthread_detach() is used to detach the thread thread. When thread terminates, its resources will automatically be reclaimed by the system.
pthread_equal(3T) pthread_equal(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_equal() - compare two thread identifiers. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_equal( pthread_t t1, pthread_t t2 ); PARAMETERS t1 First thread ID to be compared. t2 Second thread ID to be compared. DESCRIPTION pthread_equal() compares the thread IDs t1 and t2. Thread IDs are opaque data types. They should be compared only with this function.
pthread_exit(3T) pthread_exit(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_exit() - cause the calling thread to terminate. SYNOPSIS #include void pthread_exit( void *value_ptr ); PARAMETERS value_ptr The calling thread’s exit status. DESCRIPTION pthread_exit() terminates the calling thread. The calling thread returns an exit status in value_ptr. This value is returned to a joining thread calling pthread_join() on the terminating thread.
pthread_getconcurrency(3T) pthread_getconcurrency(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_setconcurrency(), pthread_getconcurrency() - set or get the concurrency level of unbound threads SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_setconcurrency( int new_level ); int pthread_getconcurrency(void); PARAMETERS new_level New concurrency level for the unbound threads in the calling process. DESCRIPTION The unbound threads in a process may or may not be required to be simultaneously active.
pthread_getconcurrency(3T) pthread_getconcurrency(3T) (Pthread Library) SEE ALSO pthread_num_processors_np(3T), pthread_processor_bind_np(3T), pthread_processor_id_np(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_getconcurrency(): X/Open. pthread_setconcurrency(): X/Open.
pthread_getschedparam(3T) pthread_getschedparam(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_getschedparam(), pthread_setschedparam() - set or get the scheduling policy and associated parameters SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_getschedparam( pthread_t thread, int *policy, struct sched_param *param ); int pthread_setschedparam( pthread_t thread, int policy, const struct sched_param *param ); PARAMETERS thread The thread whose scheduling policy and associated parameters are to be set/retrieved.
pthread_getschedparam(3T) pthread_getschedparam(3T) (Pthread Library) [ESRCH] No thread could be found corresponding to thread. For each of the following conditions, if the condition is detected, the pthread_getschedparam() function returns the corresponding error number: [ESRCH] No thread could be found corresponding to thread. [EINVAL] The value specified by policy or param is invalid.
pthread_getspecific(3T) pthread_getspecific(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_getspecific(), pthread_setspecific() - get or set the thread-specific data associated with a key SYNOPSIS #include void *pthread_getspecific( pthread_key_t key ); int pthread_setspecific( pthread_key_t key, const void *value ); PARAMETERS key Thread-specific data key whose value for the calling thread is to be set or retrieved. value Value to be assigned to the thread-specific data key for the calling thread.
pthread_join(3T) pthread_join(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_join() - wait for the termination of a specified thread. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_join( pthread_t thread, void **value_ptr ); PARAMETERS thread Thread whose termination is awaited by the caller. value_ptr Pointer to the location where the exit status of thread is returned. DESCRIPTION The pthread_join() function waits for the termination of the target thread.
pthread_key_create(3T) pthread_key_create(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_key_create(), pthread_key_delete() - create or delete a thread-specific data key. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_key_create( pthread_key_t *key, void (*destructor)(void *) ); int pthread_key_delete( pthread_key_t key ); PARAMETERS key This is either a pointer to the location where the new key value will to be returned (create function) or the thread-specific data key to be deleted (delete function).
pthread_key_create(3T) pthread_key_create(3T) (Pthread Library) RETURN VALUE If successful, pthread_key_create() and pthread_key_delete() return zero. Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error (the errno variable is not set). ERRORS If any of the following occur, the pthread_key_create() function returns the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] The value specified by key is invalid.
pthread_kill(3T) pthread_kill(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_kill() - send a signal to a thread. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_kill( pthread_t thread, int sig ); PARAMETERS thread Thread to which the signal is to be delivered. sig Signal to be delivered to thread. DESCRIPTION The pthread_kill() function is used to request that a signal be delivered to thread. The signal is asynchronously directed to thread in the calling process.
pthread_launch_policy_np(3T) pthread_launch_policy_np(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_launch_policy_np() - setting thread launch policies SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_launch_policy_np( int request, int *answer, pthread_t tid ); PARAMETERS request This parameter determines the precise action to be taken by these functions. answer This parameter is an output parameter in which values are returned. The meaning of answer depends on request parameter.
pthread_launch_policy_np(3T) pthread_launch_policy_np(3T) (Pthread Library) thread is bound to the locality domain on which it was launched. The answer parameter is ignored. PTHREAD_POLICY_FILL_NP This call establishes a fill first policy for the specified thread. Fill first indicates that new threads created by this thread are launched on the same locality domain as the creating thread until one thread has been created for each processor in the domain.
pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(3T) pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutex_setprioceiling(), pthread_mutex_getprioceiling() - set or get the prioceiling of a mutex. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_mutex_getprioceiling( pthread_mutex_t *mutex, int *prioceiling ); int pthread_mutex_setprioceiling( pthread_mutex_t *mutex, int prioceiling, int *old_ceiling ); PARAMETERS mutex Pointer to the mutex whose prioceiling attribute is to be set/retrieved.
pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(3T) pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(3T) (Pthread Library) AUTHOR pthread_mutex_getprioceiling() and pthread_mutex_setprioceiling() were derived from the IEEE POSIX P1003.1c standard. SEE ALSO pthread_create(3T), pthread_mutex_init(3T), pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling(3T), pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling(3T), pthread_mutex_lock(3T), pthread_mutex_trylock(3T), pthread_mutex_unlock(3T). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_mutex_init(3T) pthread_mutex_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutex_init(), pthread_mutex_destroy() - initialize or destroy a mutex. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_mutex_init( pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *attr ); pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; int pthread_mutex_destroy( pthread_mutex_t *mutex ); PARAMETERS mutex attr Pointer to the mutex to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_mutex_init(3T) pthread_mutex_init(3T) (Pthread Library) [EFAULT] mutex parameter points to an illegal address. For each of the following conditions, if the condition is detected, the pthread_mutex_destroy() function returns the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] mutex is not a valid mutex. [EBUSY] mutex is currently locked or in use by another thread. WARNINGS The space for the mutex must be allocated before calling pthread_mutex_init().
pthread_mutex_lock(3T) pthread_mutex_lock(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutex_lock(), pthread_mutex_trylock() - lock or attempt to lock a mutex. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_mutex_lock( pthread_mutex_t *mutex ); int pthread_mutex_trylock( pthread_mutex_t *mutex ); PARAMETERS mutex Pointer to the mutex to be locked. DESCRIPTION The mutex object mutex is locked by calling the pthread_mutex_lock() function.
pthread_mutex_lock(3T) pthread_mutex_lock(3T) (Pthread Library) [EINVAL] mutex is not an initialized mutex. [EFAULT] mutex parameter points to an illegal address. If any of the following occur, the pthread_mutex_lock() function returns the corresponding error number: [EDEADLK] The current thread already owns the mutex. This error will be detected only for PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK mutexes on HP-UX.
pthread_mutex_unlock(3T) pthread_mutex_unlock(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutex_unlock() - unlock a mutex. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_mutex_unlock( pthread_mutex_t *mutex ); PARAMETERS mutex Pointer to the mutex to be unlocked. DESCRIPTION The function pthread_mutex_unlock() is called by the owner of the mutex referenced by mutex to unlock the mutex. The manner in that the mutex is released is dependent upon the mutex’s type attribute.
pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling(), pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling(), pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(), pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol() - get and set the prioceiling and protocol attributes SYNOPSIS #include
pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(3T) (Pthread Library) POSIX.1c does not define a default value for the protocol attribute. On HP-UX, the default value is PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE. pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol() is used to set the protocol attribute in the initialized attributes object attr. The new value of the protocol attribute of attr is set to the value specified in the protocol parameter.
pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(), pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(), pthread_mutexattr_gettype(), pthread_mutexattr_settype() - get and set the process-shared attribute and type attribute SYNOPSIS #include
pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) error. This type of mutex is useful for debugging. PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE Deadlock cannot occur with this type of mutex. An owner field is maintained. A thread attempting to relock this mutex shall successfully lock the mutex. Multiple locks of this mutex shall require the same number of unlocks to release the mutex before another thread can lock the mutex.
pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_mutexattr_settype(): X/Open. pthread_mutexattr_gettype(): X/Open.
pthread_mutexattr_getspin_np(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getspin_np(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutexattr_getspin_np(), pthread_mutexattr_setspin_np(), pthread_mutex_getyieldfreq_np(), pthread_mutex_setyieldfreq_np() - get and set the mutex spin and yield frequency attributes SYNOPSIS #include
pthread_mutexattr_getspin_np(3T) pthread_mutexattr_getspin_np(3T) (Pthread Library) When the number of threads exceeds the number of processors in a system, a busy-wait on a mutex can sometimes have an adverse effect. The busy-wait itself can prevent the thread holding the lock from completing the associated critical section of code. By yielding the processor on occasion, the thread attempting the lock may allow the thread holding the lock to reach the point at which it can release the lock.
pthread_mutexattr_init(3T) pthread_mutexattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_mutexattr_init(), pthread_mutexattr_destroy() - initialize or destroy a mutex attributes object. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_mutexattr_init( pthread_mutexattr_t *attr ); int pthread_mutexattr_destroy( pthread_mutexattr_t *attr ); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the mutex attributes object to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_mutexattr_init(3T) pthread_mutexattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_mutexattr_init(): POSIX 1003.1c. pthread_mutexattr_destroy(): POSIX 1003.1c.
pthread_once(3T) pthread_once(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_once() - call an initialization routine only once. SYNOPSIS #include pthread_once_t once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; int pthread_once( pthread_once_t *once_control, void (*init_routine)(void) ); PARAMETERS once_control Pointer to the once-control object associated with the one-time initialization function init_routine(). init_routine The one-time initialization routine.
pthread_once(3T) pthread_once(3T) (Pthread Library) Rest of the code after initialization. For a multithreaded process, a simple initialization flag is not sufficient; the flag must be protected against modification by multiple threads. Consequently, this flag has to be protected by a mutex that has to be initialized only once, and so on.
pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_processor_bind_np(), pthread_ldom_bind_np(), pthread_ldom_id_np(), pthread_num_ldomprocs_np(), pthread_num_ldoms_np(), pthread_num_processors_np(), pthread_processor_id_np(), pthread_pset_bind_np(), pthread_spu_to_ldom_np() - determine available processors, available locality domains, and locality domain IDs; bind threads; change thread binding SYNOPSIS #include
pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) (Pthread Library) Remarks Much of the functionality of this capability is highly dependent on the underlying hardware. An application that uses these functions should not be expected to be portable across architectures or implementations. Some hardware platforms support online addition and deletion of processors. Due to this capability, processors and locality domains may be added or deleted while the system is running.
pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) (Pthread Library) action to be taken and is one of the following: PTHREAD_GETFIRSTLDOM_NP This request stores in the answer parameter the ID of the first locality domain in the processor set of the calling thread. The ldom argument is ignored. PTHREAD_GETNEXTLDOM_NP This request stores in the answer parameter the ID of the next locality domain in the processor set of the calling thread after ldom.
pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) (Pthread Library) bound to a different processor, that thread will not be chosen by the available processor. That thread will wait until the wanted processor becomes available. The available processor will choose a lower priority thread to execute instead of completely honoring the scheduling policies. Note: binding a thread to a specific processor essentially changes the scheduling allocation domain size for that thread to be one.
pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) pthread_processor_bind_np(3T) (Pthread Library) [EINVAL] The request parameter is PTHREAD_GETNEXTSPU_NP and spu identifies the last processor. [EINVAL] The request parameter is PTHREAD_GETNEXTLDOM_NP and ldom identifies the last locality domain. [EINVAL] The value specified by answer is illegal. [ESRCH] No thread could be found in the current process that matches the thread ID specified in tid.
pthread_resume_np(3T) pthread_resume_np(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_continue(), pthread_resume_np(), pthread_suspend() - continue execution of a thread, resume execution of a thread, and suspend execution of a thread; respectively. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_continue( pthread_t thread ); int pthread_resume_np( pthread_t thread, int flags ); int pthread_suspend( pthread_t thread ); PARAMETERS thread flags whose execution is to be suspended or resumed.
pthread_resume_np(3T) pthread_resume_np(3T) (Pthread Library) [ESRCH] The target thread thread is not in the current process. [EDEADLK] The target thread thread is the last running thread in the process. The operation would result in deadlock for the process. If any of the following occur, the pthread_continue() and pthread_resume_np() functions return the corresponding error number. [ESRCH] The target thread thread is not in the current process. [EINVAL] The value specified by flags is invalid.
pthread_rwlock_init(3T) pthread_rwlock_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlock_init(), pthread_rwlock_destroy() - initialize or destroy a read-write lock. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlock_init( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr ); pthread_rwlock_t rwlock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER; int pthread_rwlock_destroy( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); PARAMETERS rwlock Pointer to the read-write lock to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_rwlock_init(3T) pthread_rwlock_init(3T) (Pthread Library) For each of the following conditions, if the condition is detected, the pthread_rwlock_destroy() function returns the corresponding error number: [EINVAL] The value specified by rwlock is invalid. [EBUSY] rwlock is currently locked or being used by other threads. WARNINGS The space for the read-write lock must to be allocated before calling pthread_rwlock_init().
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(3T) pthread_rwlock_rdlock(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlock_rdlock(), pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock() - lock or attempt to lock a read-write lock for reading. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlock_rdlock( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); int pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); PARAMETERS rwlock Pointer to the read-write lock to be locked for reading.
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(3T) pthread_rwlock_rdlock(3T) (Pthread Library) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE pthread_rwlock_rdlock(): X/Open. pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(): X/Open.
pthread_rwlock_unlock(3T) pthread_rwlock_unlock(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlock_unlock() - unlock a read-write lock. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlock_unlock( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); PARAMETERS rwlock Pointer to the read-write lock to be unlocked. DESCRIPTION The function pthread_rwlock_unlock() is called by the owner to release the read-write lock referenced by rwlock. Results are undefined if the read-write lock rwlock is not held by the calling thread.
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(3T) pthread_rwlock_wrlock(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlock_wrlock(), pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() - lock or attempt to lock a read-write lock for writing SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlock_wrlock( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); int pthread_rwlock_trywrlock( pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock ); Parameters rwlock Pointer to the read-write lock to be locked for writing.
pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(), pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared() - get or set the process-shared attribute SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared(pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr, int pshared); int pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(const pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr, int *pshared); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the read-write lock attributes object whose attributes are to be set/retrieved.
pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(3T) pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(3T) (Pthread Library) WARNINGS If a read-write lock is created with the process-shared attribute defined as PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED, the cooperating processes should have access to the memory in which the read-write lock is allocated. AUTHOR pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared() and pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared() were developed by X/Open. SEE ALSO pthread_create(3T), pthread_rwlockattr_init(3T), pthread_rwlock_init(3T).
pthread_rwlockattr_init(3T) pthread_rwlockattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_rwlockattr_init(), pthread_rwlockattr_destroy() - initialize or destroy a read-write lock attributes object. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_rwlockattr_init( pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr ); int pthread_rwlockattr_destroy( pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr ); PARAMETERS attr Pointer to the read-write lock attributes object to be initialized or destroyed.
pthread_rwlockattr_init(3T) pthread_rwlockattr_init(3T) (Pthread Library) p HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005 −2− Hewlett-Packard Company Section 3−−755
pthread_self(3T) pthread_self(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_self() - obtain the thread ID for the calling thread. SYNOPSIS #include pthread_t pthread_self(void); PARAMETERS None. DESCRIPTION pthread_self() returns the thread ID of the calling thread. The thread ID returned is the same ID that is returned in the thread parameter to the creating thread at thread creation time. Thread IDs are guaranteed to be unique only within a process.
pthread_setcancelstate(3T) pthread_setcancelstate(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_setcancelstate(), pthread_setcanceltype() - set and retrieve the current thread’s cancelability state or type. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_setcancelstate( int state, int *oldstate ); int pthread_setcanceltype( int type, int *oldtype ); PARAMETERS state Value to which the cancelability state of the calling thread is to be set.
pthread_setcancelstate(3T) pthread_setcancelstate(3T) (Pthread Library) [EINVAL] state contains an invalid value. [EINVAL] type contains an invalid value. NOTES Only functions that are async-cancel safe should be called from a thread that is asynchronously cancelable. AUTHOR pthread_setcancelstate() and pthread_setcanceltype() were derived from the IEEE POSIX P1003.1c standard. SEE ALSO pthread_exit(3T), pthread_join(3T), pthread_cond_timedwait(3T).
pthread_sigmask(3T) pthread_sigmask(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_sigmask() - examine/change the signal mask of the calling thread. SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_sigmask( int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oset ); PARAMETERS how This parameter defines how the signal mask of the calling thread will be changed. set Pointer to the set of signals that will be used to change the currently blocked signal set. oset Pointer to where the previous signal mask will be returned.
pthread_testcancel(3T) pthread_testcancel(3T) (Pthread Library) NAME pthread_testcancel() - process any pending cancellation requests. SYNOPSIS #include void pthread_testcancel(void); PARAMETERS None. DESCRIPTION The pthread_testcancel() function checks for any pending cancellation requests against the calling thread. If a cancellation request is pending and the calling thread has its cancelability state enabled, the cancellation request will be acted upon.
ptsname(3C) ptsname(3C) NAME ptsname, ptsname_r - get the pathname of a slave pty (pseudo-terminal) SYNOPSIS #include char * ptsname (int fildes); char * ptsname_r (int fildes, char *slavename, int len); Remarks: ptsname() and ptsname_r() support STREAMS pty (see ptm(7) and pts(7)), and nonSTREAMS pty (see pty(7)) which have different device naming conventions. Notice that the STREAMS pty, being an optional feature, is supported only when it is installed on the system.
ptsname(3C) ptsname(3C) fd_master = open("/dev/ptmx", O_RDWR); grantpt(fd_master); unlockpt(fd_master); slave = ptsname(fd_master); fd_slave = open(slave, O_RDWR); ioctl(fd_slave, I_PUSH, "ptem"); ioctl(fd_slave, I_PUSH, "ldterm"); AUTHOR ptsname() and ptsname_r() were developed by HP and OSF. SEE ALSO insf(1M), devnm(3), pty(7), grantpt(3C), unlockpt(3C), ptm(7), pts(7), ptem(7), ldterm(7).
putc(3S) putc(3S) NAME putc( ), putchar( ), fputc( ), putw( ) - put character or word on a stream SYNOPSIS #include int putc(int c, FILE *stream); int putchar(int c); int fputc(int c, FILE *stream); int putw(int w, FILE *stream); int putc_unlocked(int c, FILE *stream); int putchar_unlocked(int c); Obsolescent Interfaces int putw_unlocked(int w, FILE *stream); DESCRIPTION putc() Writes the character c onto the output stream at the position where the file pointer, if defined, is pointing.
putc(3S) putc(3S) [EINTR] A signal was caught during the write() system call. [EIO] A physical I/O error has occurred, or the process is in a background process group and is attempting to write to its controlling terminal, TOSTOP is set, the process is neither ignoring nor blocking the SIGTTOU signal, and the process group of the process is orphaned. [ENOSPC] There was no free space remaining on the device containing the file.
putenv(3C) putenv(3C) NAME putenv( ) - change or add value to environment SYNOPSIS #include int putenv(const char *string); DESCRIPTION string points to a string of the form name=value. putenv() makes the value of the environment variable name equal to value by altering an existing variable or creating a new one. In either case, the string pointed to by string becomes part of the environment, so altering the string changes the environment.
putp(3X) putp(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME putp, tputs — output commands to the terminal SYNOPSIS #include int putp(const char *str); int tputs(const char *str, int affcnt, int (*putfunc)(int)); DESCRIPTION These functions output commands contained in the terminfo database to the terminal. The putp() function is equivalent to tputs(str, 1, putchar). The output of putp() always goes to stdout, not to the fildes specified in setupterm() . The tputs() function outputs str to the terminal.
putpwent(3C) putpwent(3C) NAME putpwent( ) - write password file entry SYNOPSIS #include #include int putpwent(const struct passwd *p, FILE *f); DESCRIPTION putpwent() is the inverse of getpwent() (see getpwent(3C)). Given a pointer to a passwd structure as created by getpwent() , getpwuid() , or getpwnam() ; putpwent() writes a line on the stream f, which matches the format of /etc/passwd .
puts(3S) puts(3S) NAME puts( ), fputs( ) - put a string on a stream SYNOPSIS #include int puts(const char *s); int fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream); Obsolescent Interfaces int puts_unlocked(const char *s); int fputs_unlocked(const char *s, FILE *stream); DESCRIPTION puts() writes the null-terminated string pointed to by s, followed by a new-line character, to the standard output stream stdout .
puts(3S) puts(3S) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE puts() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C fputs() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
putspent(3C) putspent(3C) NAME putspent - write shadow password file entry SYNOPSIS #include int putspent (const struct spwd *sp, FILE *f); DESCRIPTION putspent() is the inverse of getspent() . See getspent(3C). Given a pointer to an spwd structure as created by the getspent() or getspnam() functions, putspent() writes a line on the stream f, which matches the format of /etc/shadow . APPLICATION USAGE In a multithreaded application, putspent() is thread-safe. It is not async-cancel-safe.
putwc(3C) putwc(3C) NAME putwc( ), putwchar( ), fputwc( ) - put a wide character on a stream file SYNOPSIS #include
putwc(3C) putwc(3C) written. On failure, they return the constant WEOF , set the error indicator for the stream, and set errno to indicate the error.
putws(3C) putws(3C) NAME putws( ), fputws( ) - put a wide character string on a stream file SYNOPSIS #include int putws(const wchar_t *ws); int fputws(const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream); Obsolescent Interfaces int putws_unlocked(const wchar_t *ws); int fputws_unlocked(const wchar_t *ws, FILE *stream); Remarks: fputws is compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character I/O functions. These functions parallel the 8 bit character I/O functions defined in puts(3S).
putws(3C) putws(3C) SIGTTOU signal, and the process group of the process is orphaned. [ENOSPC] There was no free space remaining on the device containing the file. [EPIPE] An attempt is made to write to a pipe or FIFO that is not open for reading by any process. A SIGPIPE signal is also sent to the process. [EILSEQ] A wide character in ws does not correspond to a valid character. Additional errno values may be set by the underlying write() function (see write(2)).
qsort(3C) qsort(3C) NAME qsort( ) - quicksort SYNOPSIS #include void qsort( void *base, size_t nel, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *) ); DESCRIPTION qsort() is an implementation of the quicksort algorithm. It sorts a table of data in place. base Pointer to the element at the base of the table. nel Number of elements in the table. size Size of each element in the table.
rand(3C) rand(3C) NAME rand( ), rand_r( ), srand( ) - simple random-number generator SYNOPSIS #include int rand(void); int rand_r(unsigned int *seed); void srand(unsigned int seed); DESCRIPTION rand() uses a multiplicative, congruential, random-number generator with period 232 that returns successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to 215−1. srand() can be called at any time to reset the random-number generator to a random starting point.
random(3M) random(3M) NAME random( ), srandom( ), initstate( ), setstate( ) - generate a pseudorandom number SYNOPSIS #include long random(void); void srandom(unsigned seed); char *initstate(unsigned seed, char *state, size_t size); char *setstate(char *state); DESCRIPTION The random() and srandom() functions are random-number generators that have virtually the same calling sequence and initialization properties as the rand() and srand() functions, but produce sequences that are more random.
random(3M) random(3M) SEE ALSO drand48(3C), rand(3C). STANDARDS COMPLIANCE random() COSE API, XPG 4.2 srandom() COSE API, XPG 4.2 initstate() COSE API, XPG 4.2 setstate() COSE API, XPG 4.
rcmd(3N) rcmd(3N) NAME rcmd(), rcmd_af(), rresvport(), rresvport_af(), ruserok() - return a stream to a remote command SYNOPSIS int rcmd( char **ahost, int remport, const char *locuser, const char *remuser, const char *cmd, int *fd2p); int rcmd_af( char **ahost, int remport, const char *locuser, const char *remuser, const char *cmd, int *fd2p, int af); int rresvport(int *port); int rresvport_af(int *port,int af); int ruserok( const char *rhost, int superuser, const char *ruser, const char *luser); DESCRI
rcmd(3N) rcmd(3N) rcmd_af() rcmd_af() function behaves the same as rcmd() , but it can also create an AF_INET6 TCP socket. The type of socket to be created is specified through the af argument. rcmd_af() fails with EAFNOSUPPORT if the address family af is not supported. rresvport() The rresvport() function creates a socket and binds it to a reserved port. This socket is suitable for use by rcmd() and several other routines.
rcmd(3N) rcmd(3N) Error writing to the socket connection set up for error message transmission. system call : ... Error executing the system call. Appended to this error is a message specifying the reason for the failure. socket: Protocol failure in circuit setup Socket connection not established on a reserved port or socket address not of the Internet family type. read: hostname : ... Error in reading information from the standard socket connection.
rcmd(3N) rcmd(3N) struct passwd *getpwuid(); char *host[] = { "hpxzgy" }; char *cmd = "date"; char *ruser = "chm"; main(argc,argv) int argc; char **argv; { struct servent *sp; struct passwd *pwd; FILE *fp; char ch; int rem; sp = getservbyname("shell","tcp"); pwd = getpwuid(getuid()); rem = rcmd(host, sp->s_port, pwd->pw_name, ruser, cmd, 0); if (rem < 0) exit(1); /* rcmd outputs its own error messages */ fp = fdopen(rem, "r"); while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) putchar(ch); } WARNINGS There is no way to speci
re_comp(3X) re_comp(3X) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME re_comp(), re_exec() - compile and execute regular expressions SYNOPSIS #include char *re_comp(const char *string); int re_exec(const char *string); DESCRIPTION The re_comp() function converts a regular expression string (RE) into an internal form suitable for pattern matching. The re_exec() function compares the string pointed to by the string argument with the last regular expression passed to re_comp() .
re_comp(3X) re_comp(3X) (TO BE OBSOLETED) 2.5 A RE enclosed between the character sequences \( and \) is a RE that matches whatever the unadorned RE matches. 2.6 The expression \n matches the same string of characters as was matched by an expression enclosed between \( and \) earlier in the same RE. Here n is a digit; the sub-expression specified is that beginning with the n -th occurrence of \( counting from the left. For example, the expression ˆ\(.
realpath(3X) realpath(3X) NAME realpath - resolve pathname SYNOPSIS #include char *realpath(const char *file_name, char *resolved_name); DESCRIPTION The realpath() function derives, from the pathname pointed to by file_name, an absolute pathname that names the same file, whose resolution does not involve ‘‘.’’, ‘‘.. ’’, or symbolic links. The generated pathname is stored, up to a maximum of {PATH_MAX} bytes, in the buffer pointed to by resolved_name.
redrawwin(3X) redrawwin(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME redrawwin(), wredrawln() - line update status functions SYNOPSIS #include int redrawwin(WINDOW *win); int wredrawln(WINDOW *win, int beg_line, int num_lines); DESCRIPTION The redrawwin() and wredrawln() functions inform the implementation that some or all of the information physically displayed for the specified window may have been corrupted.
regcmp(3X) regcmp(3X) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME regcmp( ), regex( ) - compile and execute regular expression SYNOPSIS #include char *regcmp( const char *string1, /* string2, */ ... /*, (char *)0 */ ); char *regex(const char *re, const char *subject, ...); extern char *_ _loc1; Remarks The ANSI C ", ... " construct denotes a variable length argument list whose optional [or required] members are given in the associated comment (/* */ ).
regcmp(3X) regcmp(3X) (TO BE OBSOLETED) char *cursor, *newcursor, *ptr; ... newcursor = regex((ptr = regcmp("ˆ\n", 0)), cursor); free(ptr); Match through the string Testing3 and return the address of the character after the last matched character (cursor+11). The string Testing3 will be copied to the character array ret0 . char ret0[9]; char ∗newcursor, *name; ...
regcomp(3C) regcomp(3C) NAME regcomp( ), regerror( ), regexec( ), regfree( ) - regular expression matching routines SYNOPSIS #include
regcomp(3C) regcomp(3C) Within bracket expressions: Collation ranges, character classes, and equivalence classes are effectively expanded into equivalent lists of collation elements and characters. Opposite-case counterpoints are then generated for each collation element or character to form the complete matching list or non-matching list for the bracket expression.
regcomp(3C) regcomp(3C) If the preg argument to regexec() or regfree() is not a compiled regular expression returned by regcomp() , the result is undefined. A preg can no longer be treated as a compiled regular expression after it is given to regfree() . regerror() provides a mapping from error codes returned by regcomp() and regexec() to printable strings.
regcomp(3C) regcomp(3C) REG_ESPACE REG_ESUBREG REG_NOMATCH There is insufficient memory space. The number in \digit is invalid or in error. The regexec() function failed to match. EXAMPLES /* match string against the extended regular expression in pattern, treating errors as no match. Return 1 for match, 0 for no match. Print an error message if an error occurs.
regexp(3X) regexp(3X) NAME compile( ), step( ), advance( ) - regular expression compile and match routines SYNOPSIS #define INIT declarations #define GETC() getc statements #define PEEKC() peekc statements #define UNGETC(c) ungetc statements #define RETURN(pointer) return statements #define ERROR(val) error statements #include
regexp(3X) regexp(3X) 43 44 45 46 49 50 Too many \( . More than 2 numbers given in \{ \}. } expected after \. First number exceeds second in \{ \}. [ ] imbalance. Regular expression overflow. The syntax of the compile() routine is as follows: compile( instring, expbuf, endbuf, eof) The first parameter instring is never used explicitly by the compile() routine, but is useful for programs that pass down different pointers to input characters. It is sometimes used in the INIT declaration (see below).
regexp(3X) regexp(3X) The additional external variables sed and nbra are used for special purposes. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Locale The LC_COLLATE category determines the collating sequence used in compiling and executing regular expressions. The LC_CTYPE category determines the interpretation of text as single and/or multi-byte characters, and the characters matched by character class expressions in regular expressions. International Code Set Support Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported.
reltimer(3C) reltimer(3C) NAME reltimer - relatively arm a per-process timer SYNOPSIS #include int reltimer( timer_t timerid, struct itimerspec *value, struct itimerspec *ovalue ); DESCRIPTION The reltimer() function sets the it_value of the specified timer to an offset from the current clock setting. If reltimer() specifies a value argument with the it_value member equal to zero, the timer is disabled. reltimer() updates the it_interval value of the timer to the value specified.
remainder(3M) remainder(3M) NAME remainder( ) - remainder function SYNOPSIS #include double remainder(double x, double y); DESCRIPTION The remainder() function returns the floating-point remainder r = x − ny when y is a nonzero number. The value n is the integral value nearest the exact value x/y; when A n − x/y A = 1⁄2, the value n is chosen to be even. The remainder() is independent of the rounding mode. This function meets the requirement of the IEEE-754 standard for a remainder operation.
remove(3C) remove(3C) NAME remove( ) - remove a file SYNOPSIS #include int remove(const char *path); DESCRIPTION remove() removes the file named by path. If path does not name a directory, remove( path ) is equivalent to unlink( path ). If path names a directory, remove( path ) is equivalent to rmdir( path ). SEE ALSO rmdir(2), unlink(2), thread_safety(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE remove() : AES, SVID3, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
remquo(3M) remquo(3M) NAME remquo( ) - remainder function with quotient SYNOPSIS #include double remquo(ouble x, double y, int *quo); DESCRIPTION The remquo() function computes the same remainder as the remainder() function. In the object pointed to by quo it stores a value whose sign is the sign of x/y and whose magnitude is congruent mod 2n to the magnitude of the integral quotient of x/y, where n is an implementation-defined integer at least 3.
resetty(3X) resetty(3X) (CURSES) NAME resetty(), savetty() - save/restore terminal mode SYNOPSIS #include int resetty(void); int savetty(void); DESCRIPTION The resetty() function restores the program mode as of the most recent call to savetty() . The savetty() function saves the state that would be put in place by a call to reset_prog_mode(). RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, these functions return OK. Otherwise, they return ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
resolver(3N) resolver(3N) NAME res_query( ), res_search( ), res_mkquery( ), res_send( ), res_init( ), dn_comp( ), dn_expand( ), herror( ), set_resfield( ), get_resfield( ) - resolver routines SYNOPSIS #include #include #include #include
resolver(3N) resolver(3N) ); int get_resfield( int field, void *value, sizeof value ); void herror(char *s); DESCRIPTION These routines are used for making, sending, and interpreting query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers. Global configuration and state information used by the resolver routines are kept in the structure _res and are defined in . Most of the fields have reasonable defaults and can be ignored. The resolver options are stored in the _res.
resolver(3N) resolver(3N) Alternatively in resolv.conf the following name-value pairs can be added : retrans value in milliseconds retry number of retries While the Environmental Variables and entries in the resolv.conf file are interpreted when the res_init() API is called, the API set_resfield() has to be explicitly called from within the code. Setting the retrans and retry values through a lower precedence option will be ignored if these values have been configured through higher precedence option.
resolver(3N) resolver(3N) dn_comp() Compresses the domain name exp_dn and stores it in comp_dn. The size of the compressed name is returned or −1 if there were errors. length is the size of the array pointed to by comp_dn. The compression uses an array of pointers dnptrs to previously compressed names in the current message. The first pointer points to to the beginning of the message and the list ends with NULL. The limit to the array is specified by lastdnptr.
rexec(3N) rexec(3N) NAME rexec(), rexec_af() - return stream to a remote command SYNOPSIS int rexec(char **ahost, int inport, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *cmd, int *fd2p); int rexec_af(char **ahost, int inport, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *cmd, int *fd2p, int af); DESCRIPTION The rexec() routine performs the necessary tasks to arrange for the remote execution of cmd on the remote host *ahost as user, who is authenticated with passwd.
rexec(3N) rexec(3N) Error in connecting to the socket obtained for rexec() . The message specifies the cause of the failure. Secondary socket: message Error in creating a secondary socket for error transmission to be used by rexec() . read: hostname : message Error in reading information transmitted over the socket. The message specifies the cause of the failure. Connection timeout The remote host did not connect within 30 seconds to the secondary socket set up as an error connection.
rexec(3N) rexec(3N) int argc; { char ch; struct servent *servent; FILE *fp; int sd; servent = getservbyname("exec", "tcp"); sd = rexec(host, servent->s_port, user, passwd, cmd, 0); fp = fdopen(sd, "r"); while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) putchar(ch); } WARNINGS There is no way to specify options to the socket() call that rexec() makes. A program using rexec() should not be put in the background when rexec() is expected to prompt for a password or user name.
rint(3M) rint(3M) NAME rint( ), nearbyint( ) - round to nearest int function SYNOPSIS #include double rint(double x); double nearbyint(double x); DESCRIPTION rint() and nearbyint() return the integer (represented as a double precision number) nearest x according to the current rounding direction mode. These functions meet the requirement of the IEEE-754 standard for an operation that rounds to integer in floating-point format.
ripoffline(3X) ripoffline(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME ripoffline() - reserve a line for a dedicated purpose SYNOPSIS #include int ripoffline(int line, int (*init)(WINDOW *win, int columns)); DESCRIPTION The ripoffline() function reserves a screen line for use by the application. Any call to ripoffline() must precede the call to initscr() or newterm() . If line is positive, one line is removed from the beginning of stdscr; if line is negative, one line is removed from the end.
rmtimer(3C) rmtimer(3C) NAME rmtimer - free a per-process timer SYNOPSIS #include int rmtimer(timer_t timerid); DESCRIPTION The rmtimer() function is used to free a previously allocated timer (returned by mktimer() . Any pending timer event to be generated by this timer has been canceled when the call returns. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, rmtimer() returns zero; otherwise, it returns −1 and sets errno to indicate the error.
rnusers(3N) rnusers(3N) NAME rnusers(), rusers() - return information about users on remote machines SYNOPSIS #include #include int rnusers(char *host); int rusers(char *host, struct utmpidlearr *up); DESCRIPTION rnusers() returns the number of users logged in on host or −1 if it cannot determine that number. The host string is either the official name of the host or an alias for it. See hosts(4) for more information regarding host names.
rnusers(3N) rnusers(3N) Procs: RUSERSPROC_NUM No arguments, returns number of users as an unsigned long . RUSERSPROC_NAMES No arguments, returns utmparr or utmpidlearr , depending on version number. RUSERSPROC_ALLNAMES No arguments, returns utmparr or utmpidlearr , depending on version number. Returns listing even for utmp entries satisfying nonuser() in utmp.h . Versions: RUSERSVERS_ORIG RUSERSVERS_IDLE WARNINGS User applications that call this routine must be linked with /usr/lib/librpcsvc.a.
round(3M) round(3M) NAME round( ) - round function SYNOPSIS #include double round(double x); DESCRIPTION round() rounds its argument to the nearest integral value in floating-point format. An argument exactly halfway between two integers is rounded away from zero, regardless of the current rounding direction. Rounding away from zero also applies to the functions, lround and llround . The ISO/ANSI C committee has approved the round() function for inclusion in the C9X draft standard.
rpc(3N) rpc(3N) NAME rpc - library routines for remote procedure calls SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lnsl [ library . . . ] #include #include DESCRIPTION These routines allow C language programs to make procedure calls on other machines across a network. First, the client sends a request to the server. On receipt of the request, the server calls a dispatch routine to perform the requested service, and then sends back a reply.
rpc(3N) rpc(3N) If nettype is NULL, it defaults to netpath . The transports are tried in left to right order in the NETPATH variable or in top to down order in the /etc/netconfig file. Data Structures Some of the data structures used by the RPC package are shown below. The AUTH Structure union des_block { struct { u_int32 high; u_int32 low; } key; char c[8]; }; typedef union des_block des_block; extern bool_t xdr_des_block( ); /* * Authentication info. Opaque to client.
rpc(3N) rpc(3N) The SVCXPRT Structure enum xprt_stat { XPRT_DIED, XPRT_MOREREQS, XPRT_IDLE }; /* * Server side transport handle */ typedef struct { int%xp_fd; r u_short struct xp_ops { bool_t enum xprt_stat bool_t bool_t bool_t xp_port; /* file descriptor for the server handle */ /* obsolete */ (*xp_recv)(); (*xp_stat)(); (*xp_getargs)(); (*xp_reply)(); (*xp_freeargs)(); /* /* /* /* /* void } *xp_ops; int (*xp_destroy)(); xp_addrlen; char *xp_tp; char struct netbuf struct netbuf char struct opa
rpc(3N) rpc(3N) }; /* * This is the number of bytes per unit of external data. */ #define BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT (4) #define RNDUP(x) ((((x) + BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT - 1) / BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT) \ * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT) /* * A xdrproc_t exists for each data type which is to be encoded or * decoded. The second argument to the xdrproc_t is a pointer to * an opaque pointer. The opaque pointer generally points to a * structure of the data type to be decoded.
rpc(3N) r rpc(3N) clnt_freeres clnt_geterr clnt_pcreateerror clnt_perrno clnt_perror clnt_raw_create clnt_spcreateerror clnt_sperrno clnt_sperror clnt_tli_create clnt_tp_create clnt_udpcreate clnt_vc_create clntraw_create clnttcp_create clntudp_bufcreate get_myaddress getnetname host2netname key_decryptsession key_encryptsession key_gendes key_setsecret netname2host netname2user pmap_getmaps pmap_getport pmap_rmtcall pmap_set pmap_unset registerrpc rpc_broadcast rpc_broadcast_exp rpc_call rpc_reg svc_cre
rpc(3N) svcerr_progvers svcerr_systemerr svcerr_weakauth svcfd_create svcraw_create svctcp_create svcudp_bufcreate svcudp_create user2netname xdr_accepted_reply xdr_authsys_parms xdr_authunix_parms xdr_callhdr xdr_callmsg xdr_opaque_auth xdr_rejected_reply xdr_replymsg xprt_register xprt_unregister rpc(3N) rpc_svc_err (3N) rpc_svc_err (3N) rpc_svc_err (3N) rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) secure_rpc(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_soc(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) rpc
rpc_clnt_auth(3N) rpc_clnt_auth(3N) NAME rpc_clnt_auth, auth_destroy, authnone_create, authsys_create, authsys_create_default - library routines for client side remote procedure call authentication SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_clnt_auth(3N) rpc_clnt_auth(3N) SEE ALSO rpc(3N), rpc_clnt_calls(3N), rpc_clnt_create(3N), secure_rpc(3N).
rpc_clnt_calls(3N) rpc_clnt_calls(3N) NAME rpc_clnt_calls, clnt_call, clnt_freeres, clnt_geterr, clnt_perrno, clnt_perror, clnt_sperrno, clnt_sperror, rpc_broadcast, rpc_broadcast_exp, rpc_call - library routines for client side calls SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_clnt_calls(3N) rpc_clnt_calls(3N) If the remote call succeeds, the status returned is RPC_SUCCESS , otherwise an appropriate status is returned. bool_t clnt_freeres() A function macro that frees any data allocated by the RPC/XDR system when it decoded the results of an RPC call. The parameter out is the address of the results, and outproc is the XDR routine describing the results. This routine returns 1 if the results were successfully freed, and 0 otherwise.
rpc_clnt_calls(3N) rpc_clnt_calls(3N) enum clnt_stat rpc_call() Call the remote procedure associated with prognum, versnum, and procnum on the machine, host. The parameter inproc is used to encode the procedure’s parameters, and outproc is used to decode the procedure’s results; in is the address of the procedure’s argument(s), and out is the address of where to place the result(s). nettype can be any of the values listed on rpc(3N).
rpc_clnt_create(3N) rpc_clnt_create(3N) NAME rpc_clnt_create, clnt_control, clnt_create, clnt_create_vers, clnt_destroy, clnt_dg_create, clnt_pcreateerror, clnt_raw_create, clnt_spcreateerror, clnt_tli_create, clnt_tp_create, clnt_vc_create, rpc_createerr - library routines for dealing with creation and manipulation of CLIENT handles SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_clnt_create(3N) rpc_clnt_create(3N) Note: If you set the timeout value to 0 clnt_call() immediately returns an error (RPC_TIMEDOUT ). Set the timeout parameter to 0 for batching calls.
rpc_clnt_create(3N) private data structures, rpc_clnt_create(3N) including clnt itself. Use of clnt is undefined after calling clnt_destroy( ). If the RPC library opened the associated file descriptor, or CLSET_FD_CLOSE was set using clnt_control( ), the file descriptor will be closed. The caller should call auth_destroy(clnt→cl_auth) (before calling clnt_destroy()) to destroy the associated AUTH structure (see rpc_clnt_auth(3N)).
rpc_clnt_create(3N) rpc_clnt_create(3N) The address svcaddr should not be NULL and should point to the actual address of the remote program. clnt_vc_create() does not consult the remote rpcbind service for this information. struct rpc_createerr rpc_createerr; A global variable whose value is set by any RPC client handle creation routine that fails. It is used by the routine clnt_pcreateerror() to print the reason for the failure.
rpc_control(3N) rpc_control(3N) NAME rpc_control() - library routine for manipulating global RPC attributes for client and server applications SYNOPSIS bool_t rpc_control(int op , void *info ); DESCRIPTION This RPC library routine allows applications to set and modify global RPC attributes that apply to clients as well as servers. At present, it supports only server side operations. op indicates the type of operation, and info is a pointer to the operation specific information.
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) NAME rpc_soc, authdes_create, authunix_create, authunix_create_default, callrpc, clnt_broadcast, clntraw_create, clnttcp_create, clntudp_bufcreate, clntudp_create, get_myaddress, pmap_getmaps, pmap_getport, pmap_rmtcall, pmap_set, pmap_unset, registerrpc, svc_fds, svc_getcaller, svc_getreq, svc_register, svc_unregister, svcfd_create, svcraw_create, svctcp_create, svcudp_bufcreate, svcudp_create, xdr_authunix_parms - obsolete library routines for RPC SYNOPSIS r #define PORTMAP #in
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) xdr_authunix_parms(XDR *xdrs , struct authunix_parms *aupp ); DESCRIPTION RPC routines allow C programs to make procedure calls on other machines across the network. First, the client calls a procedure to send a request to the server. Upon receipt of the request, the server calls a dispatch routine to perform the requested service, and then sends back a reply. Finally, the procedure call returns to the client.
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) AUTH * authunix_create_default(void) Call authunix_create() with the appropriate parameters. Warning: this routine exists for backward compatibility only, and is obsoleted by authsys_create_default() (see rpc_clnt_auth(3N)). callrpc() Call the remote procedure associated with prognum, versnum, and procnum on the machine, host.
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) bound; if it is RPC_ANYSOCK , then this routine opens a new one and sets *fdp. Refer to the File Descriptor section for more information. The UDP transport resends the call message in intervals of wait time until a response is received or until the call times out. The total time for the call to time out is specified by clnt_call() (see rpc_clnt_calls(3N)). If successful it returns a client handle, otherwise it returns NULL.
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) Warning: this routine exists for backward compatibility only, enhanced functionality is provided by rpcb_getaddr() (see rpcbind(3N)). enum clnt_stat pmap_rmtcall() Request that the portmap on the host at IP address *addr make an RPC on the behalf of the caller to a procedure on that host. *portp is modified to the program’s port number if the procedure succeeds. The definitions of other parameters are discussed in callrpc() and clnt_call() (see rpc_clnt_calls(3N)).
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) Warning: this interface is obsoleted by svc_fd_create() (see rpc_svc_create(3N)). SVCXPRT * svcraw_create(void); This routine creates an internal, memory-based RPC service transport, to which it returns a pointer. The transport is really a buffer within the process’s address space, so the corresponding RPC client should live in the same address space; see clntraw_create().
rpc_soc(3N) rpc_soc(3N) of the triple [prognum, versnum, protocol ] to xprt→ →xp_port is established with the local portmap service (generally protocol is 0, IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP ). The procedure dispatch has the following form: dispatch(struct svc_req *request ,SVCXPRT *xprt ); The svc_register() routine returns one if it succeeds, and 0 otherwise. Warning: this routine exists for backward compatibility only; enhanced functionality is provided by svc_reg() (see rpc_svc_calls(3N)).
rpc_svc_calls(3N) rpc_svc_calls(3N) NAME rpc_svc_calls, svc_dg_enablecache, svc_done, svc_exit, svc_fdset, svc_freeargs, svc_getargs, svc_getreq_common, svc_getreq_poll, svc_getreqset, svc_getrpccaller, svc_pollset, svc_run, svc_sendreply library routines for RPC servers SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_svc_calls(3N) rpc_svc_calls(3N) This function is safe in MT applications. It will have no effect if invoked in modes other than the User MT mode. void svc_exit(void) This function when called by any of the RPC server procedure or otherwise, destroys all services registered by the server and causes svc_run() to return. If RPC server activity is to be resumed, services must be reregistered with the RPC library either through one of the rpc_svc_create(3N) functions, or using xprt_register().
rpc_svc_calls(3N) rpc_svc_calls(3N) bool_t svc_sendreply() Called by an RPC service’s dispatch routine to send the results of a remote procedure call. The parameter xprt is the request’s associated transport handle; outproc is the XDR routine which is used to encode the results; and out is the address of the results. This routine returns TRUE if it succeeds, FALSE otherwise. This function macro is safe in MT applications utilizing the User MT modes.
rpc_svc_create(3N) rpc_svc_create(3N) NAME rpc_svc_create(), svc_control(), svc_create(), svc_destroy(), svc_dg_create(), svc_fd_create(), svc_raw_create(), svc_tli_create(), svc_tp_create(), svc_vc_create() - library routines for the creation of server handles SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_svc_create(3N) rpc_svc_create(3N) SVCSET_CONNMAXREC Set the maximum record size, in bytes, for RPC requests and enable nonblocking mode for this service handle. The value can be set and read for both connection and connectionless-oriented transports, but it is silently ignored for the connectionless-oriented case. info is a pointer to an argument of type int . If the value pointed to by info is -1 , then the maximum record size is set to RPC_MAXDATASIZE.
rpc_svc_create(3N) rpc_svc_create(3N) handle if it succeeds, otherwise a NULL is returned and an error message is logged. SVCXPRT *svc_vc_create() This routine creates a connection-oriented RPC service and returns a pointer to it. This routine returns NULL if it fails, and an error message is logged. The users may specify the size of the send and receive buffers with the parameters sendsz and recvsz; values of 0 choose suitable defaults. The file descriptor fildes should be open and bound.
rpc_svc_err(3N) rpc_svc_err(3N) NAME rpc_svc_err, svcerr_auth, svcerr_decode, svcerr_noproc, svcerr_noprog, svcerr_progvers, svcerr_systemerr, svcerr_weakauth - library routines for server side remote procedure call errors SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_svc_err(3N) Async-cancel Safe: Async-signal Safe: rpc_svc_err(3N) No No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment. They may be cancellation points in that they call functions that are cancel points. In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() . These functions should not be called by a multithreaded application that support asynchronous cancellation or asynchronous signals.
rpc_svc_reg(3N) rpc_svc_reg(3N) NAME rpc_svc_reg, rpc_reg, svc_reg, svc_unreg, svc_auth_reg, xprt_register, xprt_unregister - library routines for registering servers SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_svc_reg(3N) rpc_svc_reg(3N) The svc_auth_reg() routine returns 0 if the registration is successful, 1 if cred_flavor already has an authentication handler registered for it, and -1 otherwise. void xprt_register() After RPC service transport handle xprt is created, it is registered with the RPC service package. This routine modifies the global variable svc_fdset (see rpc_svc_calls(3N)). Service implementors usually do not need this routine.
rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) NAME rpc_xdr(), xdr_accepted_reply(), xdr_authsys_parms(), xdr_callhdr(), xdr_callmsg(), xdr_opaque_auth(), xdr_rejected_reply(), xdr_replymsg() - XDR library routines for remote procedure calls SYNOPSIS #include
rpc_xdr(3N) rpc_xdr(3N) MULTITHREAD USAGE Thread Safe: Cancel Safe: Fork Safe: Async-cancel Safe: Async-signal Safe: Yes Yes No No No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment. They may be cancellation points in that they call functions that are cancel points. In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() .
rpcbind(3N) rpcbind(3N) NAME rpcbind, rpcb_getmaps, rpcb_getaddr, rpcb_gettime, rpcb_rmtcall, rpcb_set, rpcb_unset - library routines for RPC bind service SYNOPSIS #include
rpcbind(3N) rpcbind(3N) must correspond to a network identifier that is defined by the netconfig database. This routine returns TRUE if it succeeds, FALSE otherwise. (See also svc_reg() in rpc_svc_calls(3N)). If there already exists such an entry with rpcbind , rpcb_set() will fail. bool_t rpcb_unset() An interface to the rpcbind service, which destroys the mapping between the triple [prognum, versnum, netconf→ →nc_netid] and the address on the machine’s rpcbind service.
rstat(3N) rstat(3N) NAME rstat( ), havedisk( ) - get performance data from remote kernel SYNOPSIS #include #include int havedisk(char *host); int rstat(char *host, struct statstime *statp); DESCRIPTION havedisk() returns 1 if host has a disk, 0 if it does not, and −1 if this cannot be determined. The host string is either the official name of the host or an alias for it. See hosts(4) for more information regarding host names.
rstat(3N) rstat(3N) int if_ierrors; int if_opackets; int if_oerrors; int if_collisions; unsigned v_swtch; long avenrun[3]; struct timeval boottime; struct timeval curtime; /* /* /* /* /* /* /* /* inbound errors on all interfaces */ outbound packets on all interfaces */ outbound errors on all interfaces */ collisions seen on all interfaces */ total context switches */ average number of running jobs */ time of last boot */ current system time */ }; RPC Info Program number: RSTATPROG XDR routines: int x
rwall(3N) rwall(3N) NAME rwall( ) - write to specified remote machines SYNOPSIS #include int rwall(char *host, char *msg); DESCRIPTION rwall() causes host to print the string msg to all its users. It returns 0 if successful. RPC Info Program number: WALLPROG Procs: WALLPROC_WALL Takes string as argument (wrapstring), returns no arguments. Executes wall on remote host with string.
scalb(3M) scalb(3M) NAME scalb( ) - scale exponent of a radix-independent floating-point number SYNOPSIS #include double scalb(double x, double y); DESCRIPTION The scalb() function returns x ∗ ry , where r is the radix of the machine’s floating-point arithmetic. When r is 2 (as it is on all PA-RISC systems), scalb() is equivalent to ldexp() . The scalb() function is recommended by the IEEE-754 standard for floating-point arithmetic.
scalbn(3M) scalbn(3M) NAME scalbn( ) - scale exponent of a radix-independent floating-point number SYNOPSIS #include double scalbn(double x, int n); DESCRIPTION The scalbn() function returns x ∗ rn , where r is the radix of the machine’s floating-point arithmetic. When r is 2 (as it is on all PA-RISC systems), scalbn() is equivalent to ldexp() . The scalb() function is recommended by the IEEE-754 standard for floating-point arithmetic.
scandir(3C) scandir(3C) NAME scandir( ), alphasort( ) - scan a directory SYNOPSIS #include extern int scandir( const char *, struct dirent ***, int (*) (const struct dirent *), int (*) (const struct dirent **, const struct dirent ** ) ); int alphasort( const struct dirent **d1, const struct dirent **d2 ); DESCRIPTION scandir() reads the directory dirname and builds an array of pointers to directory entries using malloc() (see malloc(3C)).
scandir(3C) scandir(3C) main() { int num_entries, i; struct dirent **namelist, **list; if ((num_entries = scandir("/tmp", &namelist, NULL, alphasort)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected error\n"); exit(1); } printf("Number of entries is %d\n", num_entries); if (num_entries) { printf("Entries are:"); for (i=0, list=namelist; id_name); free(*list); list++; } free(namelist); printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); exit(0); } SEE ALSO directory(3C), malloc(3C), qsort(3C), st
scanf(3S) scanf(3S) NAME scanf, fscanf, sscanf - formatted input conversion, read from stream file SYNOPSIS #include int scanf(const char *format, /* [pointer,] */ ...); int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, /* [pointer,] */ ...); int sscanf(const char *s, const char *format, /* [pointer,] */ ...); DESCRIPTION scanf() reads from the standard input stream stdin. fscanf() reads from the named input stream. sscanf() reads from the character string s.
scanf(3S) scanf(3S) n Cause the total number of bytes (including white space) scanned since the function call to be stored; the corresponding argument should be an integer pointer. No input is consumed. The function return value does not include %n assignments in the count of successfully matched and assigned input items. e,E,f,g,G A floating-point number is expected; the next field is converted accordingly and stored through the corresponding argument, which should be a pointer to a float.
scanf(3S) scanf(3S) by a call to the mbrtowc() function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialized to zero before the first character is converted. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide-character, which will be added automatically. A sequence of unsigned hexadecimal numbers is expected. This sequence may be produced by the p conversion character of printf() .
scanf(3S) scanf(3S) 25 54.32E-1 thompson assigns to n the value 3, to i the value 25 , to x the value 5.432 , and name contains thompson\0 . Or: int i; float x; char name[50]; (void) scanf("%2d%f%*d %[0-9]", &i, &x, name); with input: 56789 0123 56a72 assigns 56 to i, 789.0 to x, skips 0123 , and places the string 56\0 in name. The next call to getchar() (see getc(3S)) returns a.
scanf(3S) scanf(3S) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE scanf() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C fscanf() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C sscanf() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
scr_dump(3X) scr_dump(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME scr_dump(), scr_init(), scr_restore(), scr_set() - screen file input/output functions SYNOPSIS #include int scr_dump(const char *filename); int scr_init(const char *filename); int scr_restore(const char *filename); int scr_set(const char *filename); DESCRIPTION The scr_dump() function writes the current contents of the virtual screen to the file named by filename in an unspecified format.
scrl(3X) scrl(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME scrl(), wscrl() - enhanced scroll a Curses window functions SYNOPSIS #include int scrl(int n); int wscrl(WINDOW *win, int n); DESCRIPTION The scrl() and wscrl() functions scroll the current or specified window. If n is positive, the window scrolls n lines toward the first line. Otherwise, the window scrolls −n lines toward the last line. These functions do not change the cursor position.
scroll(3X) scroll(3X) (CURSES) NAME scroll() - scroll a Curses window SYNOPSIS #include int scroll(WINDOW *win); DESCRIPTION The scroll() function scrolls win one line in the direction of the first line. This function does not change the cursor position. If scrolling is disabled for the current or specified window, this function has no effect. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, this function returns OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined. SEE ALSO scrl(3X),
secure_rpc(3N) secure_rpc(3N) NAME secure_rpc, authdes_getucred, authdes_seccreate, getnetname, host2netname, key_decryptsession, key_encryptsession, key_gendes, key_setsecret, key_secretkey_is_set, netname2host, netname2user, user2netname - library routines for secure remote procedure calls SYNOPSIS s #include #include
secure_rpc(3N) secure_rpc(3N) The HP-UX implementation of RPC only supports the X/Open Transport Interface (XTI). Applications that are written using the Transport Layer Interface (TLI) and wish to use RPC, must convert their application to XTI. Routines See rpc(3N) for the definition of the AUTH data structure. int authdes_getucred() authdes_getucred() is the first of the two routines which interface to the RPC secure authentication system known as AUTH_DES . The second is authdes_seccreate(), below.
secure_rpc(3N) associated secure_rpc(3N) with the effective UID of the calling process. It is the inverse of key_decryptsession(). This routine returns 0 if it succeeds, -1 if it fails. int key_gendes() key_gendes() is a keyserver interface routine. It is used to ask the keyserver for a secure conversation key. Choosing one at random is usually not good enough, because the common ways of choosing random numbers, such as using the current time, are very easy to guess.
set_term(3X) set_term(3X) (CURSES) NAME set_term() - switch between screens SYNOPSIS #include SCREEN *set_term(SCREEN *new); DESCRIPTION The set_term() function switches between different screens. The new argument specifies the new current screen. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, set_term() returns a pointer to the previous screen. Otherwise, it returns a null pointer. ERRORS No errors are defined.
setaclentry(3C) setaclentry(3C) NAME setaclentry( ), fsetaclentry( ) - add, modify, or delete one entry in file’s access control list (ACL) (HFS File Systems only) SYNOPSIS #include #include int setaclentry(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int mode); int fsetaclentry(int fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int mode); DESCRIPTION Both forms of this call add, modify, or delete one entry in a file’s access control list (ACL).
setaclentry(3C) setaclentry(3C) AUTHOR setaclentry() and fsetaclentry() were developed by HP. SEE ALSO getacl(2), setacl(2), stat(2), acltostr(3C), cpacl(3C), chownacl(3C), strtoacl(3C), acl(5), thread_safety(5).
setbuf(3S) setbuf(3S) NAME setbuf(), setvbuf() - assign buffering to a stream file SYNOPSIS #include void setbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf); int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, size_t size); Obsolescent Interface int setvbuf_unlocked(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, size_t size); DESCRIPTION setbuf() can be used after a stream has been opened but before it is read or written. It causes the array pointed to by buf to be used instead of an automatically allocated buffer.
setcat(3C) setcat(3C) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME setcat() - set the default message catalog SYNOPSIS #include char *setcat(const char *msgcat); DESCRIPTION The setcat() routine sets the default message catalog for use by other formatting routines (see gettxt (3C) and pfmt(3C)). msgcat specifies the file to use as the default catalog. The file name is limited to 14 characters. No checking is done to make sure that the file exists.
setcchar(3X) setcchar(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME setcchar() - set cchar_t from a wide character string and rendition SYNOPSIS #include int setcchar(cchar_t *wcval, const wchar_t *wch, const attr_t attrs, short color_pair , const void *opts); DESCRIPTION The setcchar() function initialises the object pointed to by wcval according to the character attributes in attrs, the colour pair in color_pair and the wide character string pointed to by wch.
setclock(3C) setclock(3C) NAME setclock - set value of system-wide clock SYNOPSIS #include int setclock(int clock_type, struct timespec *tp); DESCRIPTION The setclock() function sets the current value tp of the specified system-wide clock, clock_type . setclock() supports a clock_type of TIMEOFDAY , defined in , which represents the time-of-day clock for the system. For this clock, the values returned by setclock() represent the amount of time since the Epoch.
setjmp(3C) setjmp(3C) NAME setjmp( ), longjmp( ), sigsetjmp( ), siglongjmp( ) - non-local goto SYNOPSIS #include int setjmp(jmp_buf env); void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val); int _setjmp(jmp_buf env); void _longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val); int sigsetjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int savemask); void siglongjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int val); DESCRIPTION setjmp() and longjmp() are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program.
setjmp(3C) setjmp(3C) Some implementations of Pascal support a ‘‘try/recover’’ mechanism, which also creates stack marker information. If a longjmp() operation occurs in a scope which is nested inside a try/recover, and the corresponding setjmp() is not inside the scope of the try/recover, the recover block will not be executed and the currently active recover block will become the one enclosing the setjmp() , if one exists.
setlabel(3C) setlabel(3C) NAME setlabel() - define label for formatting routines SYNOPSIS #include int setlabel(const char *label); DESCRIPTION The setlabel() system call defines a label to be printed by formatting routines (see pfmt(3C)) in the standard message format. label is a character string limited to 25 characters in length. If label is NULL or an empty string, the label is reset to no label. No label is defined before setlabel() .
setlocale(3C) setlocale(3C) NAME setlocale( ), getlocale( ) - set and get the locale of a program SYNOPSIS #include
setlocale(3C) setlocale(3C) If the value of locale is the empty string, the setting of that part of the NLS environment associated with category depends upon the setting of the following environment variables in the user’s environment (see environ(5)): "" LANG LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME If category is any defined value other than LC_ALL , setlocale() sets that category as specified by the value of the LC_ALL environment.
setlocale(3C) setlocale(3C) The string returned by setlocale() is such that a subsequent call with that string as the locale argument and its associated category restores that part of the program’s locale. ERRORS If a language name given through the locale argument does not identify a valid language name, or if the language name is more than 256 characters, or if the language is not available on the system (see lang(5)), then a null pointer is returned and the program’s locale is not changed.
setlocale(3C) setlocale(3C) LC_CTYPE=ru_RU.iso88595 All categories will be loaded with da_DK.iso88591. Another example with the LC_ALL environment variable: setlocale(LC_TIME, "pl_PL.iso88592"); with the following settings in the user’s environment: LANG=it_IT.iso88591 LC_ALL=nl_NL.iso88591 The LC_TIME category will be set to pl_PL.iso88592, but all other categories will be set to nl_NL.iso88591. To set the date/time formats to fr_FR.iso88591: setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR.
setlocale(3C) setlocale(3C) It should be noted that the locale state is common to all threads within a process. getlocale_r() and setlocale_r() are obsolescent interfaces supported for compatibility with existing DCE applications. New multithreaded applications should use getlocale() and setlocale() .
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) NAME shl_load(), shl_definesym(), shl_findsym(), shl_get(), shl_get_r(), shl_gethandle(), shl_getsymbols(), shl_unload(), dld_getenv() - explicit load of shared libraries shl_gethandle_r(), SYNOPSIS #include
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) knowledge of the address space; currently, the address field is ignored, and assumed to be 0L . If the shared library contains thread local storage, you cannot load it with this routine. The flags argument is made up of several fields. One of the following must be specified: BIND_IMMEDIATE Resolve symbol references when the library is loaded. BIND_DEFERRED Delay code symbol resolution until actual reference.
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) errno settings. shl_definesym() Adds a symbol to the user hash table for the current process. If value falls in the range of a currently loaded library, an association will be made and the symbol is undefined once the associated library is unloaded. The defined symbol can be overridden by a subsequent call to this routine or by loading a more visible library that provides a definition.
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) }; The type field in the return structure can have the values TYPE_PROCEDURE, or TYPE_DATA . On PA-RISC 32i-bit systems, you can also have the values TYPE_STORAGE or TYPE_TSTORAGE. These are a subset of TYPE_DATA . The value and handle fields are only valid if export symbols are requested and the NO_VALUES flag is not specified.
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) If shl_findsym() cannot find the indicated symbol, errno is set to 0 (zero). On PA-RISC 32-bit systems only, if shl_findsym() finds the indicated symbol but cannot resolve all the symbols it depends on, errno is set to [ENOSYM]. ERRORS Possible values for errno include: [ENOEXEC] The specified file is not a shared library, or a format error was detected. [ENOSYM] Some symbol required by the shared library could not be found.
shl_load(3X) shl_load(3X) Texts and Tutorials HP-UX Linker and Libraries Online User Guide (See the +help option to ld(1)) HP-UX Linker and Libraries User’s Guide (See manuals(5) for ordering information) s HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005 −6− Hewlett-Packard Company Section 3−−889
signbit(3M) signbit(3M) NAME signbit( ) - floating-point sign-determination macro SYNOPSIS #include int signbit( floating-type x); DESCRIPTION The signbit() macro determines whether the sign of its argument value is negative. The macro can be used with either double or float arguments, including infinities, zeros, and NaNs. The ISO/ANSI C committee has approved the signbit() macro for inclusion in the C9X draft standard.
sigpause(3C) sigpause(3C) NAME sigpause - atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt SYNOPSIS #include long sigpause(long mask); DESCRIPTION sigpause() blocks signals according to the value of mask in the same manner as sigsetmask(2), then atomically waits for an unmasked signal to arrive. On return, sigpause() restores the current signal mask to the value that existed before the sigpause() call. When no signals are to be blocked, a value of 0L is used for mask.
sigset(3C) sigset(3C) NAME sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse(), sigignore(), sigpause() - signal management SYNOPSIS #include void (*sigset(int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int); int sighold(int sig); int sigrelse(int sig); int sigignore(int sig); int sigpause(int sig); DESCRIPTION The system defines a set of signals that can be delivered to a process. The set of signals is defined in signal(5), along with the meaning and side effects of each signal.
sigset(3C) sigset(3C) For the other functions, a 0 value indicates that the call succeeded. A -1 return value indicates an error occurred and errno is set to indicate the reason. ERRORS sigset() fails and the system signal action for sig is not changed if any of the following occur: [EFAULT] The func argument points to memory that is not a valid part of the process address space. Reliable detection of this error is implementation dependent.
sigsetops(3C) sigsetops(3C) NAME sigemptyset( ), sigfillset( ), sigaddset( ), sigdelset( ), sigismember( ) - initialize, manipulate, and test signal sets SYNOPSIS #include int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set); int sigfillset(sigset_t *set); int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signo); int sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signo); int sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signo); DESCRIPTION sigemptyset() initializes the signal set pointed to by set, to exclude all signals supported by HP-UX.
sin(3M) sin(3M) NAME sin( ), sinf( ) - sine functions SYNOPSIS #include double sin(double x); float sinf(float x); DESCRIPTION sin() returns the sine of x (x specified in radians). sin() may lose accuracy when x is far from zero. sinf() is a float version of sin() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
sind(3M) sind(3M) NAME sind( ), sindf( ) - degree-valued sine functions SYNOPSIS #include double sind(double x); float sindf(float x); DESCRIPTION sind() is a degree-valued version of the sin() function. It returns the sine of x (x specified in degrees). sind() may lose accuracy when x is far from zero. sindf() is a float version of sind() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result.
sinh(3M) sinh(3M) NAME sinh( ), sinhf( ) - hyperbolic sine functions SYNOPSIS #include double sinh(double x); float sinhf(float x); DESCRIPTION sinh() returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument. sinhf() is a float version of sinh() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
sleep(3C) sleep(3C) NAME sleep( ) - suspend execution for interval SYNOPSIS #include unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds); DESCRIPTION sleep() suspends the current process from execution for the number of seconds specified by the argument.
slk_attroff(3X) slk_attroff(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME slk_attroff, slk_attr_off, slk_attron, slk_attr_on, slk_attrset, slk_attr_set, slk_clear, slk_color, slk_init, slk_label, slk_noutrefresh, slk_refresh, slk_restore, slk_set, slk_touch, slk_wset — soft label functions SYNOPSIS #include
slk_attroff(3X) slk_attroff(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) The slk_touch() function forces all the soft labels to be output the next time slk_noutrefresh() or slk_refresh() is called. The slk_attron() , slk_attrset() and slk_attroff() functions correspond to attron() , attrset() , and attroff() . They have an effect only if soft labels are simulated on the bottom line of the screen.
spray(3N) spray(3N) NAME spray - scatter data in order to check the network SYNOPSIS #include #include DESCRIPTION This reference page describes the data structures and XDR routines used by the spray(1M) program. A spray() function call does not exist. Refer to spray(1M) for more information.
sqrt(3M) sqrt(3M) NAME sqrt( ), sqrtf( ) - square root functions SYNOPSIS #include double sqrt(double x); float sqrtf(float x); DESCRIPTION sqrt() returns the non-negative square root of x. The value of x must not be less than zero. sqrtf() is a float version of sqrt() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
ssignal(3C) ssignal(3C) NAME ssignal( ), gsignal( ) - software signals SYNOPSIS #include int (*ssignal(int sig, int (*action)(int)))(int); int gsignal(int sig); DESCRIPTION ssignal() and gsignal() implement a software facility similar to signal(5). This facility is used by the Standard C Library to enable users to indicate the disposition of error conditions, and is also made available to users for their own purposes.
standend(3X) standend(3X) (CURSES) NAME standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout — set and clear window attributes SYNOPSIS #include int standend(void); int standout(void); int wstandend(WINDOW *win); int wstandout(WINDOW *win); DESCRIPTION The standend() and wstandend() functions turn off all attributes of the current or specified window. The standout() and wstandout() functions turn on the standout attribute of the current or specified window. RETURN VALUE These functions always return 1.
statfsdev(3C) statfsdev(3C) NAME statfsdev, fstatfsdev - get file system statistics SYNOPSIS #include int statfsdev(const char *path, struct statfs *buf); int fstatfsdev(int fildes, struct statfs *buf); DESCRIPTION statfsdev() returns information about the file system contained in the file specified by path. buf is a pointer to a statfs structure into which information is placed concerning the file system.
statfsdev(3C) statfsdev(3C) [EDEADLK] A resource deadlock would occur as a result of this operation. [EINTR] A system call was interrupted by a signal. [EINVAL] The file specified by path or filedes does not contain a file system of any known type. [ENOLCK] The system lock table was full, so the read could not go to sleep until the blocking write lock was removed. AUTHOR statfsdev() and fstatfsdev() were developed by HP. FILES /usr/include/sys/mount.
statvfsdev(3C) statvfsdev(3C) NAME statvfsdev, fstatvfsdev - get file system information SYNOPSIS #include int statvfsdev(const char *path, struct statvfs *buf); int fstatvfsdev(int fildes, struct statvfs *buf); DESCRIPTION statvfsdev() returns information about the file system on the device file specified by path. The file system need not be mounted. fstatvfsdev() returns similar information for an open file.
statvfsdev(3C) statvfsdev(3C) AUTHOR statvfsdev() and fstatvfsdev() were developed by HP. SEE ALSO bdf(1M), df(1M), stat(2), statvfs(2), fgetpos64(3S), thread_safety(5).
stdio(3S) stdio(3S) NAME stdio( ) - standard buffered input/output stream file package SYNOPSIS #include DESCRIPTION The Standard I/O functions described in the subsection (3S) entries of this manual constitute an efficient, user-level I/O buffering scheme. The getc() and putc() functions handle characters quickly.
stdio(3S) stdio(3S) stdout : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
stdscr(3X) stdscr(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME stdscr — default window SYNOPSIS #include extern WINDOW *stdscr; DESCRIPTION The external variable stdscr specifies the default window used by functions that do not specify a window using an argument of type WINDOW *. Other windows may be created using newwin() . SEE ALSO derwin(3X), . CHANGE HISTORY First released in X/Open Curses, Issue 4.
strfmon(3C) strfmon(3C) NAME strfmon - convert monetary value to string SYNOPSIS #include ssize_t strfmon(char *s, size_t maxsize, const char *format, ...); Remarks The ANSI C ", ... " construct denotes a variable length argument list whose optional [or required] members are given in the associated comment (/* */ ). DESCRIPTION The strfmon() function places characters into the array pointed to by s as controlled by the string pointed to by format.
strfmon(3C) strfmon(3C) To ensure alignment, any characters appearing before or after the number in the formatted output such as currency or sign symbols are padded as necessary with space characters to make their positive and negative formats an equal length. Right Precision .
strfmon(3C) strfmon(3C) As an other example, given the locale of en_US.roman8 and the values 123.45 , -123.45 and 3456.781 : Conversion Specification %n %11n %#5n %=*#5n %=0#5n %ˆ#5n %ˆ#5.0n %ˆ#5.4n %(#5n %!(#5n Output Comments $123.45 -$123.45 $3,456.78 $123.45 -$123.45 $3,456.78 $ 123.45 -$ 123.45 $ 3,456.78 $***123.45 -$***123.45 $*3,456.78 $000123.45 -$000123.45 $03,456.78 $ 123.45 -$ 123.45 $ 3456.78 $ 123 -$ 123 $ 3457 $ 123.4500 -$ 123.4500 $ 3456.7810 $ 123.45 ($ 123.45) $ 3,456.
strftime(3C) strftime(3C) NAME strftime() - convert date and time to string SYNOPSIS #include size_t strftime( char *s, size_t maxsize, const char *format, const struct tm *timeptr ); DESCRIPTION The strftime() function converts the contents of a tm structure (see ctime(3C)) to a formatted date and time string. strftime() places characters into the array pointed to by s as controlled by the string pointed to by format.
strftime(3C) %x %X %y %Y %Z %% strftime(3C) Locale’s appropriate date representation. Locale’s appropriate time representation. Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]. Year with century as a decimal number. Time zone name (or by no characters if no time zone exists). The percent (%) character. The following directives are provided for backward compatibility with the directives supported by date(1) and the ctime(3C) functions. These directives may be removed in a future release.
strftime(3C) strftime(3C) Field Width and Precision An optional field width and precision specification can immediately follow the initial % of a directive in the following order: [-0]w The decimal digit string w specifies a minimum field width in which the result of the conversion is right- or left-justified. It is right-justified (with space padding) by default. If the optional flag - is specified, it is left-justified with space padding on the right.
strftime(3C) strftime(3C) en_US.roman8 fr_FR.roman8 any* any* any* %X %X %H:%M:%S %.1H:%.1M:%.1S %2.1H:%-3M:%03.1S 03:09:04 PM 15h09 04 15:09:04 15:9:4 15:9 :004 * The directives used in these examples are not affected by the LC_TIME category of the locale. WARNINGS If the arguments s and format are defined such that they overlap, the behavior is undefined. The function tzset() is called upon every invocation of strftime() (whether or not the time zone name is copied to the output array).
string(3C) string(3C) NAME strcat( ), strncat( ), strcmp( ), strncmp( ), strcasecmp( ), strncasecmp( ), strcpy( ), strncpy( ), strdup( ), strlen( ), strchr( ), strrchr( ), strpbrk( ), strspn( ), strcspn( ), strstr( ), strrstr( ), strtok( ), strtok_r( ), strcoll( ), strxfrm( ), index( ), rindex( ) - character string operations SYNOPSIS #include #include
string(3C) string(3C) comparison of corresponding characters is done as if the type of the characters were unsigned char . Null pointer values for s1 and s2 are treated the same as pointers to empty strings. strncmp() makes the same comparison but examines a maximum of n characters (n less than or equal to zero yields equality). strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are identical in function to strcmp() and strncmp() respectively, but characters are folded by _tolower() (see conv(3C)) prior to comparison.
string(3C) string(3C) strings that determines their relative ordering usually comes among the first few characters. strxfrm() offers better performance in, for example, a sorting routine where a number of strings are each transformed just once and the transformed versions are compared against each other many times.
string(3C) string(3C) strcspn() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C strdup() : SVID2, SVID3 strlen() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C strncat() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C strncmp() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C strncpy() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1, ANSI C strpbrk() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.
strord(3C) strord(3C) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME strord - convert string data order SYNOPSIS #include char *strord(char *s1, const char *s2, nl_mode m); DESCRIPTION The text orientation (mode) of a file can be right-to-left (non-Latin) or left-to-right (Latin). This text orientation can affect the way data is arranged in the file. The data arrangements that result are called screen order and keyboard order.
strptime(3C) strptime(3C) NAME strptime - date and time conversion SYNOPSIS #include char *strptime(const char *buf, const char *format, struct tm *tm); DESCRIPTION The strptime() function converts the character string pointed to by buf to values which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by tm, using the format specified by format. The format is composed of zero or more directives.
strptime(3C) strptime(3C) %x %X %y is the date, using the locale’s date format. %Y %% is the year, including the century (for example, 1992). is the time, using the locale’s time format. is the year within the century [0,99]; leading zeros are permitted but not required. If no century has been specified (for example, via the %C directive), the 20th century (1900s) is assumed for inputs in the range 69-99, and the 21st century (2000s) is assumed for inputs in the range 00-68. is replaced by %.
strptime(3C) strptime(3C) January 19 03:14:07 UTC, 2038) or if the date exceeds the maximum date supported in 64-bit HP-UX (which is Friday December 31 23:59:59 UTC, 9999), strptime() fails and a null pointer is returned. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Locale The LC_NUMERIC category may define the alternative symbols (alt_digit—see localedef(4)) used by the %O modifier. The alt_digit definition has precedence over alt_digits (LC_TIME). Support for alt_digit may be removed in a future release of HP-UX.
strtoacl(3C) strtoacl(3C) NAME strtoacl(), strtoaclpatt(), strtoacl_r(), strtoaclpatt_r(), aclentrystart[] - convert string form to access control list (ACL) structure (HFS File System only) SYNOPSIS #include
strtoacl(3C) strtoacl(3C) The @ character for user and group IDs (see acl(5)) is converted to special values (ACL_FILEOWNER or ACL_FILEGROUP, respectively, defined in ), not to specific user or group names provided by the caller. Thus, strtoaclpatt() need not be called to reparse the ACL pattern for each file, but the caller must handle the special values when comparing an ACL pattern to an ACL.
strtoacl(3C) strtoacl(3C) of pointers equal to its return value plus one (never more than NACLENTRIES + 1). The last valid element points to the null character at the end of string. After calling strtoaclpatt(), an entry pattern’s corresponding input string can be used by the caller for error reporting by (temporarily) putting a null at the start of the next entry pattern in string.
strtoacl(3C) strtoacl(3C) if (setacl ("../myfile2", nentries, acl) < 0) error (...); The following code fragment calls strtoacl() with special values of fuid and fgid, then checks to see if they show up in acl[] . #include int perfile = 0; /* need to stat() and reparse per file? */ int entry; if ((nentries = strtoacl (string, 0, NACLENTRIES, acl, ACL_FILEOWNER, ACL_FILEGROUP)) < 0) { error (...); } for (entry = 0; entry < nentries; entry++) { if ((acl[entry].
strtoacl(3C) strtoacl(3C) FILES /etc/passwd /etc/group SEE ALSO getacl(2), setacl(2), acltostr(3C), cpacl(3C), chownacl(3C), setaclentry(3C), acl(5), thread_safety(5).
strtod(3C) strtod(3C) NAME strtod, atof - convert string to double-precision number SYNOPSIS #include double strtod(const char *str, char **ptr); double atof(const char *str); DESCRIPTION strtod() returns, as a double-precision floating-point number, the value represented by the character string pointed to by str. The string is scanned (leading white-space characters as defined by isspace() in ctype(3C) are ignored) up to the first unrecognized character.
strtol(3C) strtol(3C) NAME strtol( ), atol( ), atoi( ), strtoul( ) - convert string to integer SYNOPSIS #include long strtol(const char *str, char **ptr, int base); long atol(const char *str); int atoi(const char *str); unsigned long strtoul(const char *str, char **ptr, int base); DESCRIPTION strtol() (strtoul() ) converts the character string pointed to by str to long int (unsigned long int ) representation. The string is scanned up to the first character inconsistent with the base.
strtold(3C) strtold(3C) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME strtold( ) - convert string to long double-precision number SYNOPSIS #include long double strtold(const char *str, char **ptr); DESCRIPTION strtold() returns as a long double-precision number the value represented by the character string pointed to by str. The string is scanned up to the first unrecognized character.
subpad(3X) subpad(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME subpad — enhanced pad management function SYNOPSIS #include WINDOW *subpad(WINDOW *orig, int nlines, int ncols, int begin_y, int begin_x); DESCRIPTION The subpad() function creates a subwindow within a pad with nlines lines and ncols columns. Unlike subwin() , which uses screen coordinates, the window is at position (begin_y, begin_x) on the pad.
swab(3C) swab(3C) NAME swab( ) - swap bytes SYNOPSIS #include void swab(const void *from, void *to, ssize_t nbytes); DESCRIPTION swab() copies nbytes bytes pointed to by from to the array pointed to by to, exchanging adjacent even and odd bytes. It is useful for carrying binary data between byte-swapped and non-byte-swapped machines. nbytes should be even and non-negative. If nbytes is odd and positive swab() uses nbytes−1 instead. If nbytes is negative, swab() does nothing.
syncok(3X) syncok(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME syncok, wcursyncup, wsyncdown, wsyncup — synchronise a window with its parents or children SYNOPSIS #include int syncok(WINDOW *win, bool bf); void wcursyncup(WINDOW *win); void wsyncdown(WINDOW *win); void wsyncup(WINDOW *win); DESCRIPTION The syncok() function determines whether all ancestors of the specified window are implicitly touched whenever there is a change in the window. If bf is TRUE, such implicit touching occurs.
syslog(3C) syslog(3C) NAME syslog( ), openlog( ), closelog( ), setlogmask( ) - control system log SYNOPSIS #include void syslog(int priority, const char *message, ...); void openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility); void closelog(void); int setlogmask(int maskpri); Remarks The ANSI C ", ... " construct denotes a variable length argument list whose optional [or required] members are given in the associated comment (/* */ ).
syslog(3C) syslog(3C) LOG_NOWAIT Do not wait for children forked to log messages on the console. This option should be used by processes that enable notification of child termination via SIGCLD , because syslog() might otherwise block, waiting for a child whose exit status has already been collected. facility encodes a default facility to be assigned to all messages written subsequently by syslog() with no explicit facility encoded. LOG_KERN Messages generated by the kernel.
syslog(3C) syslog(3C) EXAMPLES who logs a message regarding some sort of unexpected and serious error: syslog(LOG_ALERT, "who: internal error 23"); ftpd uses openlog() to arrange to log its process ID, to log to the console if necessary, and to log in the name of the daemon facility: openlog("ftpd", LOG_PID|LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); Arrange to log messages only at levels LOG_ERR and lower: setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_ERR)); Typical usage of syslog() to log a connection: syslog(LOG_INFO, "Connection from host %
system(3S) system(3S) NAME system( ) - issue a shell command SYNOPSIS #include int system(const char *command); DESCRIPTION system() executes the command specified by the string pointed to by command.
system(3S) system(3S) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE system() : AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.
t_accept(3) t_accept(3) NAME t_accept() - accept a connect request SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_accept (fd, resfd, call); int fd; int resfd; struct t_call *call; DESCRIPTION The t_accept() function is issued by a transport user to accept a connect request. fd identifies the local transport endpoint where the connect indication arrived.
t_accept(3) t_accept(3) Valid States fd: T_INCON resfd (fd != resfd): T_IDLE Caveats There may be transport provider-specific restrictions on address binding. Some transport providers do not differentiate between a connect indication and the connection itself. If the connection has already been established after a successful return of t_listen() , t_accept() will assign the existing connection to the transport endpoint specified by resfd. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
t_accept(3) t_accept(3) SEE ALSO t_connect(3), t_getstate(3), t_listen(3), t_open(3), t_rcvconnect(3).
t_alloc(3) t_alloc(3) NAME t_alloc() - allocate a library structure SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ char *t_alloc (fd, struct_type, fields); int fd; int struct_type; int fields; DESCRIPTION The t_alloc() function dynamically allocates memory for the various transport function argument structures as specified below.
t_alloc(3) t_alloc(3) RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, t_alloc() returns a pointer to the newly allocated structure. On failure, a null pointer is returned. ERRORS On failure, t_errno is set to one of the following: [TBADF] fd The specified endpoint identifier does not refer to a transport endpoint [TSYSERR] A system error has occurred during execution of this function.
t_bind(3) t_bind(3) NAME t_bind() - bind an address to a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_bind (fd, req, ret); int fd; struct t_bind *req; struct t_bind *ret; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_bind() function associates a protocol address with the transport endpoint specified by fd and activates that transport endpoint.
t_bind(3) t_bind(3) If fd refers to a connection-mode service, this function allows more than one transport endpoint to be bound to the same protocol address (however, the transport provider must also support this capability), but it is not possible to bind more than one protocol address to the same transport endpoint. If a user binds more than one transport endpoint to the same protocol address, only one endpoint can be used to listen for the connect indications associated with that protocol address.
t_bind(3) [TPROTO] t_bind(3) (XTI only) This error indicates that a communication problem has been detected between XTI and the transport provider for which there is no suitable XTI (t_errno ). FILES /usr/include/xti.h /usr/include/xti_iso.h /usr/include/tiuser.h XTI data structures XTI data structures TLI data structures SEE ALSO t_alloc(3), t_close(3), t_open(3), t_unbind(3).
t_close(3) t_close(3) NAME t_close() - close a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_close (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_close() function informs the transport provider that the user is finished with the transport endpoint specified by fd, and frees any local library resources associated with the endpoint.
t_connect(3) t_connect(3) NAME t_connect() - establish a connection with another transport user SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_connect (fd, sndcall, rcvcall); int fd; struct t_call *sndcall; struct t_call *rcvcall; DESCRIPTION This function enables a transport user to request a connection to the specified destination transport user. This function can only be issued in the T_IDLE state.
t_connect(3) t_connect(3) By default, t_connect() executes in synchronous mode and will wait for the destination user’s response before returning control to the local user. A successful return (i.e., return value of zero) indicates that the requested connection has been established. However, if O_NONBLOCK is set (via t_open() or fcntl() ), t_connect() executes in asynchronous mode.
t_connect(3) t_connect(3) SEE ALSO fcntl(2), t_accept(3), t_alloc(3), t_getinfo(3), t_listen(3), t_open(3), t_rcvconnect(3).
t_error(3) t_error(3) NAME t_error() - produce error message SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include void t_error (errmsg); char *errmsg; extern int t_errno; extern char *t_errlist[]; extern int t_nerr; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_error() function produces a language-dependent message on the standard error output which describes the last error encountered during a call to a transport function.
t_error(3) t_error(3) FILES /usr/lib/nls/msg/C/libnsl_s.
t_free(3) t_free(3) NAME t_free() - free a library structure SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_free (ptr, struct_type); char *ptr; int struct_type; DESCRIPTION The t_free() function frees memory previously allocated by t_alloc() . This function will free memory for the specified structure and will also free memory for buffers referenced by the structure.
t_getinfo(3) t_getinfo(3) NAME t_getinfo() - get protocol-specific service information SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_getinfo (fd, info); int fd; struct info *info; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_getinfo() function returns the current characteristics of the underlying transport protocol associated with file descriptor fd. The info structure is used to return the same information returned by t_open() .
t_getinfo(3) t_getinfo(3) t_rcvconnect(). A value of −1 specifies that there is no limit on the amount of data sent during connection establishment. A value of −2 specifies that the transport provider does not allow data to be sent with connection establishment functions. discon A value greater than or equal to zero specifies the maximum amount of data that may be associated with the t_snddis() and t_rcvdis() functions.
t_getinfo(3) t_getinfo(3) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE t_getinfo() : SVID2, XPG3, XPG4 t Section 3−−960 Hewlett-Packard Company −3− HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005
t_getprotaddr(3) t_getprotaddr(3) NAME t_getprotaddr() - get the protocol address SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ int t_getprotaddr (fd, boundaddr, perraddr); int fd; struct t_bind *boundaddr; struct t_bind *peeraddr; DESCRIPTION The t_getprotaddr() function returns local and remote protocol addresses currently associated with the transport endpoint specified by fd.
t_getstate(3) t_getstate(3) NAME t_getstate() - get the current state SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_getstate (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_getstate() function returns the current state of the provider as seen by the application associated with the transport endpoint specified by fd.
t_listen(3) t_listen(3) NAME t_listen() - listen for a connect request SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_listen (fd, call); int fd; struct t_call *call; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_listen() function listens for a connect request from a calling transport user. fd identifies the local transport endpoint where connect indications arrive.
t_listen(3) t_listen(3) ERRORS On failure, t_errno is set to the following: [TBADF] The specified identifier does not refer to a transport endpoint. [TBADQLEN] The argument qlen of the endpoint referenced by fd is zero. [TBUFOVFLW] The number of bytes allocated for an incoming argument (maxlen) is not sufficient to store the value of that argument. The provider’s state, as seen by the user, changes to T_INCON, and the connect indication information to be returned in call is discarded.
t_look(3) t_look(3) NAME t_look() - look at the current event on a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_look (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_look() function returns the current event on the transport endpoint specified by fd. This function enables a transport provider to notify a transport user of an asynchronous event when the user is calling functions in synchronous mode.
t_look(3) t_look(3) SEE ALSO t_open(3), t_snd(3), t_sndudata(3).
t_open(3) t_open(3) NAME t_open() - establish a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_open (name, oflag, info); char *name; int oflag; struct t_info *info; DESCRIPTION The t_open() function must be called as the first step in the initialization of a transport endpoint.
t_open(3) t_open(3) A value of zero specifies that the transport provider does not support the concept of TSDU, although it does support the sending of a data stream with no logical boundaries preserved across a connection. A value of −1 specifies that there is no limit on the size of a TSDU. A value of −2 specifies that the transfer of normal data is not supported by the transport provider. etsdu A value greater than zero specifies the maximum size of an expedited transport service data unit (ETSDU).
t_open(3) t_open(3) Obsolescent Interfaces When using TCP and UDP through HP XTI, name can be /dev/inet_cots and /dev/inet_clts, respectively. These names are supported for backward-compatibility purposes. They might not be supported in future releases, and they should be replaced with /dev/tcp and /dev/udp , respectively. RETURN VALUE A valid endpoint identifier is returned upon successful completion. Otherwise, a value of −1 is returned and t_errno is set to indicate an error.
t_optmgmt(3) t_optmgmt(3) NAME t_optmgmt() - manage options for a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_optmgmt (fd, req, ret); int fd; struct t_optmgmt *req; struct t_optmgmt *ret; DESCRIPTION The t_optmgmt() function enables a transport user to retrieve, verify or negotiate protocol options with the transport provider. The argument fd identifies a bound transport endpoint.
t_optmgmt(3) t_optmgmt(3) The flags field of req must specify one of the following actions: T_NEGOTIATE This action enables the transport user to negotiate option values. The user specifies the options of interest and their values in the buffer specified by req>opt.buf and req->opt.len. The negotiated option values are returned in the buffer pointed to by ret->opt.buf. The status field of each returned option is set to indicate the result of the negotiation.
t_optmgmt(3) t_optmgmt(3) For each level, the option T_ALLOPT can be requested on input. All supported options of this level with their default values are then returned. In this case, ret->opt.maxlen must be given at least the value info->options (see t_getinfo(3), t_open(3)) before the call. T_CURRENT This action enables the transport user to retrieve the currently effective option values. The user specifies the options of interest in req->opt.buf.
t_optmgmt(3) t_optmgmt(3) attempts to send the pending data within the linger period before closing the endpoint. Data still pending after the linger period has elapsed is discarded. Depending on the implementation, t_close() or close() either block for at maximum the linger period, or immediately return, whereupon the system holds the connection in existence for at most the linger period.
t_optmgmt(3) t_optmgmt(3) This request is not an absolute requirement. The implementation may place upper and lower limits on the option value. Requests that fall short of the lower limit are negotiated to the lower limit. Legal values are all positive numbers. Thread-Safeness The t_optmgmt() function is safe to be called by multithreaded applications, and it is thread-safe for both POSIX Threads and DCE User Threads. It has a cancellation point. It is neither async-cancel safe nor async-signal safe.
t_rcv(3) t_rcv(3) NAME t_rcv() - receive data or expedited data sent over a connection SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_rcv (fd, buf, nbytes, flags); int fd; char *buf; unsigned nbytes; int *flags; DESCRIPTION The t_rcv() function receives either normal or expedited data. fd identifies the local transport endpoint through which data will arrive.
t_rcv(3) t_rcv(3) ERRORS On failure, t_errno is set to one of the following: [TBADF] The specified identifier does not refer to a transport endpoint. [TNODATA] O_NONBLOCK was set, but no data is currently available from the transport provider. [TLOOK] An asynchronous event has occurred on this transport endpoint and requires immediate attention. [TNOTSUPPORT] This function is not supported by the underlying transport provider.
t_rcvconnect(3) t_rcvconnect(3) NAME t_rcvconnect() - receive the confirmation from a connect request SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_rcvconnect (fd, call); int fd; struct t_call *call; DESCRIPTION The t_rcvconnect() function enables a calling transport user to determine the status of a previously sent connect request.
t_rcvconnect(3) t_rcvconnect(3) ERRORS On failure, t_errno is set to one of the following: [TBADF] The specified identifier does not refer to a transport endpoint. [TBUFOVFLW] The number of bytes allocated for an incoming argument is not sufficient to store the value of that argument and the connect information to be returned in call will be discarded. The provider’s state, as seen by the user, will be changed to T_DATAXFER.
t_rcvdis(3) t_rcvdis(3) NAME t_rcvdis() - retrieve information from disconnect SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_rcvdis (fd, discon); int fd; struct t_discon *discon; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_rcvdis() function is used to identify the cause of a disconnect, and to retrieve any user data sent with the disconnect. fd identifies the local transport endpoint where the connection existed.
t_rcvdis(3) t_rcvdis(3) [TNOTSUPPORT] This function is not supported by the underlying transport provider. [TOUTSTATE] (XTI only) This function was issued in the wrong sequence on the transport endpoint referenced by fd. [TSYSERR] A system error has occurred during execution of this function. [TPROTO] (XTI only) This error indicates that a communication problem has been detected between XTI and the transport provider for which there is no existing XTI (t_errno ).
t_rcvrel(3) t_rcvrel(3) NAME t_rcvrel() - acknowledge receipt of an orderly release indication at a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_rcvrel (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_rcvrel() function is used in connection-oriented mode to acknowledge receipt of an orderly release indication at a transport endpoint.
t_rcvrel(3) t_rcvrel(3) STANDARDS CONFORMANCE t_rcvrel() : SVID2, XPG3, XPG4 t Section 3−−982 Hewlett-Packard Company −2− HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005
t_rcvudata(3) t_rcvudata(3) NAME t_rcvudata() - receive a data unit from remote transport provider user SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_rcvudata (fd, unitdata, flags); inf fd; struct t_unitdata *unitdata; int *flags; DESCRIPTION The t_rcvudata() function is used in connectionless-mode to receive a data unit from a remote transport provider user.
t_rcvudata(3) [TNODATA] t_rcvudata(3) O_NONBLOCK was set, but no data units are currently available from the transport provider. [TBUFOVFLW] The number of bytes allocated for the incoming protocol address or protocol options is not sufficient to store the information. The unit data information normally returned in unitdata is discarded. [TLOOK] An asynchronous event has occurred on this transport endpoint required immediate attention.
t_rcvuderr(3) t_rcvuderr(3) NAME t_rcvuderr() - receive a unit data error indication SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_rcvuderr (fd, uderr); int fd; struct t_uderr *uderr; DESCRIPTION The t_rcvuderr() function is used in connectionless mode to receive information concerning an error on a previously sent data unit. This function should only be issued following a unit data error indication.
t_rcvuderr(3) t_rcvuderr(3) [TSYSERR] A system error occurred during execution of this function. [TPROTO] (XTI only) This error indicates that a communication problem has been detected between XTI and the transport provider for which there is no other suitable XTI (t_errno ). SEE ALSO t_look(3), t_rcvudata(3), t_sndudata(3).
t_snd(3) t_snd(3) NAME t_snd() - send data or expedited data over a connection SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ int t_snd (fd, buf, nbytes, flags); int fd; char *buf; unsigned nbytes; int flags; DESCRIPTION This function is used to send either normal or expedited data.
t_snd(3) t_snd(3) Thread-Safeness The t_snd() function is safe to be called by multithreaded applications, and it is thread-safe for both POSIX Threads and DCE User Threads. It has a cancellation point. It is neither async-cancel safe nor async-signal safe. Finally, it is not fork-safe. Caveats It is important to remember that the transport provider treats all users of a transport endpoint as a single user.
t_snddis(3) t_snddis(3) NAME t_snddis() - send user-initiated disconnect request SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_snddis (fd, call); int fd; struct t_call *call; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_snddis() function is used to initiate an abortive release on an already established connection or to reject a connect request.
t_snddis(3) t_snddis(3) [TBADDATA] (XTI only) The amount of user data specified was not within the bounds allowed by the transport provider. Some outbound data queued for this endpoint may be lost. [TBADSEQ] An invalid sequence was specified, or a null call pointer was specified when rejecting a connect request. Some outbound data queued for this endpoint may be lost. [TLOOK] An asynchronous event has occurred on this transport endpoint and requires immediate attention.
t_sndrel(3) t_sndrel(3) NAME t_sndrel() - initiate an orderly release SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_sndrel (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_sndrel() function is used in connection-oriented mode to initiate an orderly release at a transport endpoint specified by fd, which is a file descriptor previously returned by the t_open() function.
t_sndudata(3) t_sndudata(3) NAME t_sndudata() - send a data unit SYNOPSIS #include /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* or */ #include /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI ) int t_sndudata(fd, unitdata); int fd; struct t_unitdata *unitdata; DESCRIPTION The t_sndudata() function is used in connectionless mode to send a data unit to another transport user. The argument fd identifies the local transport endpoint through which data is sent.
t_sndudata(3) t_sndudata(3) [TFLOW] Asynchronous mode is indicated because O_NONBLOCK was set, but the transport provider cannot accept the data because of flow-control restrictions. [TLOOK] (XTI only) An asynchronous event has occurred on this transport endpoint and requires immediate attention. [TNOTSUPPORT] This function is not supported by the underlying transport provider.
t_strerror(3) t_strerror(3) NAME t_strerror() - produce an error message string SYNOPSIS #include int *t_strerror (errnum); int errnum; struct info *info; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ DESCRIPTION The t_strerror() function maps the error number in errnum that corresponds to an XTI error to a language-dependent error message string and returns a pointer to the string.
t_sync(3) t_sync(3) NAME t_sync() - synchronize transport library SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_sync (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION For the transport endpoint specified by fd, the t_sync() function synchronizes the data structures managed by the transport library with information from the underlying transport provider.
t_sync(3) t_sync(3) SEE ALSO t_open(3), t_getstate(3), dup(2), exec(2), fork(2), open(2).
t_unbind(3) t_unbind(3) NAME t_unbind() - disable a transport endpoint SYNOPSIS #include /* or */ #include int t_unbind (fd); int fd; /* for X/OPEN Transport Interface - XTI */ /* for Transport Layer Interface - TLI */ DESCRIPTION The t_unbind() function disables the transport endpoint specified by fd which was previously bound by t_bind() . On completion of this call, no further data or events destined for this transport endpoint will be accepted by the transport provider.
tan(3M) tan(3M) NAME tan( ), tanf( ) - tangent functions SYNOPSIS #include double tan(double x); float tanf(float x); DESCRIPTION tan() returns the tangent of x (x specified in radians). tan() may lose accuracy when x is far from zero. tanf() is a float version of tan() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
tand(3M) tand(3M) NAME tand( ), tandf( ) - degree-valued tangent functions SYNOPSIS #include double tand(double x); float tandf(float x); DESCRIPTION tand() is a degree-valued version of the tan() function. It returns the tangent of x (x specified in degrees). tand() may lose accuracy when x is far from zero. tandf() is a float version of tand() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result.
tanh(3M) tanh(3M) NAME tanh( ), tanhf( ) - hyperbolic tangent functions SYNOPSIS #include double tanh(double x); float tanhf(float x); DESCRIPTION The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument. tanhf() is a float version of tanh() ; it takes a float argument and returns a float result. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
tcattribute(3C) tcattribute(3C) NAME tcgetattr( ), tcsetattr( ) - control tty device SYNOPSIS #include int tcgetattr(int fildes, struct termios *termios_p); int tcsetattr( int fildes, int optional_actions, const struct termios *termios_p ); DESCRIPTION tcgetattr() gets the parameters associated with fildes and stores them in the termios structure referenced by termios_p . If the terminal device does not support split baud rates, the input baud rate stored in the termios structure is zero.
tccontrol(3C) tccontrol(3C) NAME tcsendbreak( ), tcdrain( ), tcflush( ), tcflow( ) - tty line control functions SYNOPSIS #include int tcsendbreak(int fildes, int duration); int tcdrain(int fildes); int tcflush(int fildes, int queue_selector); int tcflow(int fildes, int action); DESCRIPTION If the terminal is using asynchronous serial data transmission, tcsendbreak() causes transmission of a continuous stream of zero-valued bits for a specific duration.
tcgetpgrp(3C) tcgetpgrp(3C) NAME tcgetpgrp( ) - get foreground process group id SYNOPSIS #include pid_t tcgetpgrp(int fildes); DESCRIPTION tcgetpgrp() returns the value of the process group ID of the foreground process group associated with the terminal referenced by fildes. tcgetpgrp() is allowed from a process that is a member of a background process group (see termio(7)); however, the information can be subsequently changed by a process that is a member of a foreground process group.
tcgetsid(3C) tcgetsid(3C) NAME tcgetsid() - get terminal session ID SYNOPSIS #include pid_t tcgetsid (int fildes); DESCRIPTION The tcgetsid() function returns the value of the session ID of the foreground process associated with the terminal referenced by fildes. tcgetsid() is allowed from a process that is a member of a background process group (see termio(7)).
tcsetpgrp(3C) tcsetpgrp(3C) NAME tcsetpgrp( ) - set foreground process group id SYNOPSIS #include int tcsetpgrp(int fildes, pid_t pgrp_id); DESCRIPTION If the calling process has a controlling terminal, tcsetpgrp() sets the foreground process group ID associated with the terminal referenced by fildes to pgrp_id.
termattrs(3X) termattrs(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME termattrs, term_attrs — get supported terminal video attributes SYNOPSIS #include chtype termattrs(void); attr_t term_attrs(void); DESCRIPTION The termattrs() function extracts the video attributes of the current terminal. That are supported by the chtype data type. The term_attrs() function extracts the video attributes of the current terminal. That are supported for a cchar_t data type.
termcap(3X) termcap(3X) TO BE OBSOLETED TO BE OBSOLETED NAME termcap: tgetent(), tgetflag(), tgetnum(), tgetstr(), tgoto(), tputs() - emulate /usr/share/lib/termcap access routines SYNOPSIS #include
termcap(3X) termcap(3X) TO BE OBSOLETED TO BE OBSOLETED FILES /usr/lib/libcurses.
termname(3X) termname(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME termname — get terminal name SYNOPSIS #include char *termname(void); DESCRIPTION The termname() function obtains the terminal name as recorded by setupterm() . RETURN VALUE The termname() function returns a pointer to the terminal name. ERRORS No errors are defined.
tgetent(3X) tgetent(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME tgetent, tgetflag, tgetnum, tgetstr, tgoto — termcap database emulation (TO BE WITHDRAWN) SYNOPSIS #include int tgetent(char *bp, const char *name); int tgetflag(char id[2]); int tgetnum(char id[2]); char *tgetstr(char id[2], char **area); char *tgoto(char *cap, int col, int row); DESCRIPTION The tgetent() function looks up the termcap entry for name. The emulation ignores the buffer pointer bp. The tgetflag() function gets the boolean entry for id.
tigetflag(3X) tigetflag(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME tigetflag, tigetnum, tigetstr, tparm — retrieve capabilities from the terminfo database SYNOPSIS #include
tmpfile(3S) tmpfile(3S) NAME tmpfile( ) - create a temporary file SYNOPSIS #include FILE *tmpfile(void); DESCRIPTION tmpfile() creates a temporary file by generating a name through tmpnam() (see tmpnam(3S)), and returns a corresponding FILE pointer. If the file cannot be opened a NULL pointer is returned. The file is automatically deleted when the process using it terminates. The file is opened for update (wb+ ).
tmpnam(3S) tmpnam(3S) NAME tmpnam( ), tempnam( ) - create a name for a temporary file SYNOPSIS #include char *tmpnam(char *s); char *tempnam(const char *dir, const char *pfx); DESCRIPTION tmpnam() and tempnam() generate file names that can safely be used for a temporary file. tmpnam() Always generates a file name using the path-prefix defined as P_tmpdir in the header file. If s is NULL, tmpnam() leaves its result in an internal static area and returns a pointer to that area.
touchwin(3X) touchwin(3X) (CURSES) NAME touchwin — window refresh control function SYNOPSIS #include int touchwin(WINDOW *win); DESCRIPTION The touchwin() function touches the specified window (that is, marks it as having changed more recently than the last refresh operation). RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, the this function return OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
towctrans(3C) towctrans(3C) NAME towctrans( ), wctrans( ) - character transliteration SYNOPSIS #include wint_t towctrans(wint_t wc, wctrans_t desc); wctrans_t wctrans(const char *charclass); DESCRIPTION towctrans() The towctrans() function transliterates the wide-character code wc using the mapping described by desc. The current setting of the LC_CTYPE category should be the same as during the call to wctrans() that returned the value desc.
trunc(3M) trunc(3M) NAME trunc( ) - truncation function SYNOPSIS #include double trunc(double x); DESCRIPTION trunc() rounds its argument to the integral value, in floating-point format, nearest to but no larger in magnitude than the argument. The ISO/ANSI C committee has approved the trunc() function for inclusion in the C9X draft standard. To use this function, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options. Make sure your program includes .
tsearch(3C) tsearch(3C) NAME tsearch( ), tfind( ), tdelete( ), twalk( ) - manage binary search trees SYNOPSIS #include
tsearch(3C) tsearch(3C) EXAMPLE The following code reads strings, and stores structures containing a pointer to each string and a count of its length. It then walks the tree, printing out the stored strings and their lengths in alphabetical order. t #include #include #include #include
tsearch(3C) tsearch(3C) /* This routine prints out a node, the first time twalk encounters it. */ void print_node(element, order, level) void *element; VISIT order; int level; { if (order == preorder || order == leaf) { (void) printf("string = %20s, length = %d\n", (*(struct element **) element)->string, (*(struct element **) element)->length); } } RETURN VALUE A NULL pointer is returned by tsearch() if there is not enough space available to create a new node.
ttyname(3C) ttyname(3C) NAME ttyname( ), ttyname_r( ), isatty( ) - find name of a terminal SYNOPSIS #include char *ttyname(int fildes); int ttyname_r(int fildes, char *buffer, size_t buflen); int isatty(int fildes); DESCRIPTION ttyname() returns a pointer to a string containing the null-terminated path name of the terminal device associated with file descriptor fildes. isatty() returns 1 if fildes is associated with a terminal device, 0 otherwise.
ttyslot(3C) ttyslot(3C) (TO BE OBSOLETED) NAME ttyslot( ) - find the slot in the utmpx file of the current user SYNOPSIS #include int ttyslot(void); DESCRIPTION ttyslot() returns the index of the current user’s entry in the /etc/utmpx file. This is accomplished by scanning /etc/utmpx for the name of the terminal associated with the standard input, standard output, or standard error (file descriptor 0, 1 or 2).
typeahead(3X) typeahead(3X) (CURSES) NAME typeahead — control checking for typeahead SYNOPSIS #include int typeahead(int fildes); DESCRIPTION The typeahead() function controls the detection of typeahead during a refresh, based on the value of fildes: • If fildes is a valid file descriptor, typeahead is enabled during refresh; Curses periodically checks fildes for input and aborts the refresh if any character is available.
unctrl(3X) unctrl(3X) (CURSES) NAME unctrl — generate printable representation of a character SYNOPSIS #include char *unctrl(chtype c); DESCRIPTION The unctrl() function generates a character string that is a printable representation of c. If c is a control character, it is converted to the ˆX notation. If c contains rendition information, the effect is undefined. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, unctrl() returns the generated string. Otherwise, it returns a null pointer.
ungetc(3S) ungetc(3S) NAME ungetc( ) - push character back into input stream SYNOPSIS #include int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream); Obsolescent Interface int ungetc_unlocked(int c, FILE *stream); DESCRIPTION ungetc() inserts the character c (converted to an unsigned char) into the buffer associated with an input stream. That character, c, is returned by the next call to getc() (see getc(3S)) on that stream.
ungetch(3X) ungetch(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME ungetch, unget_wch — push a character onto the input queue SYNOPSIS #include int ungetch(int ch); int unget_wch(const wchar_t wch); DESCRIPTION The ungetch() function pushes the single-byte character ch onto the head of the input queue. The unget_wch() function pushes the wide character wch onto the head of the input queue. One character of push-back is guaranteed.
ungetwc(3C) ungetwc(3C) NAME ungetwc( ) - push a wide character back into an input stream SYNOPSIS #include wint_t ungetwc(wint_t wc, FILE *stream); Obsolescent Interface wint_t ungetwc_unlocked(wint_t wc, FILE *stream); Remarks: This function is compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character I/O functions. It parallels the 8-bit character I/O function defined in ungetc(3S).
unlockpt(3C) unlockpt(3C) NAME unlockpt - unlock a STREAMS pty master and slave pair SYNOPSIS int unlockpt (int fildes); DESCRIPTION The passed parameter, fildes, is a file descriptor that is returned from a successful open of a master pty (pseudo-terminal) device. The unlockpt() function unlocks a slave pty from its associated master counterpart. It does this by clearing a lock flag so that the slave pty can be opened. For security reason, grantpt(3C) must be executed before unlockpt(3C).
use_env(3X) use_env(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME use_env — specify source of screen size information SYNOPSIS #include void use_env(bool boolvalue); DESCRIPTION The use_env() function specifies the technique by which the implementation determines the size of the screen. If boolvalue is FALSE, the implementation uses the values of lines and columns specified in the terminfo database. If boolvalue is TRUE, the implementation uses the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.
vidattr(3X) vidattr(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME vidattr, vid_attr, vidputs, vid_puts — output attributes to the terminal SYNOPSIS #include int vidattr(chtype attr); int vid_attr(attr_t attr, short color_pair_number, void *opt); int vidputs(chtype attr, int (*putfunc)(int)); int vid_puts(attr_t attr, short color_pair_number, void (*putwfunc)(int)); *opt, int DESCRIPTION These functions output commands to the terminal that change the terminal’s attributes.
vprintf(3S) vprintf(3S) NAME vprintf(), vfprintf(), vsprintf(), vsnprintf() - print formatted output of a varargs argument list SYNOPSIS #include #include
vscanf(3S) vscanf(3S) NAME vscanf( ), vfscanf( ), vsscanf( ) - formatted input conversion to a varargs argument list, read from stream file SYNOPSIS #include #include
vw_printw(3X) vw_printw(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME vw_printw — print formatted output in window (TO BE WITHDRAWN) SYNOPSIS #include #include int vw_printw(WINDOW *win, char *fmt, va_list varglist); DESCRIPTION The vw_printw() function achieves the same effect as wprintw() using a variable argument list. The third argument is a va_list, as defined in . RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, vw_printw() returns OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
vw_scanw(3X) vw_scanw(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME vw_scanw — convert formatted input from a window (TO BE WITHDRAWN) SYNOPSIS #include #include int vw_scanw(WINDOW *win, char *fmt, va_list varglist); DESCRIPTION The vw_scanw() function achieves the same effect as wscanw() using a variable argument list. The third argument is a va_list, as defined in . RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, vw_scanw() returns OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
vwprintf(3C) vwprintf(3C) NAME vfwprintf( ), vwprintf( ), vswprintf( ) - wide-character formatted output of a stdarg argument list SYNOPSIS #include #include
vwprintw(3X) vwprintw(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME vwprintw — print formatted output in window SYNOPSIS #include #include int vwprintw(WINDOW *win, char *fmt, va_list varglist); DESCRIPTION The vwprintw() function achieves the same effect as wprintw() using a variable argument list. The third argument is a va_list, as defined in . RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, vwprintw() returns OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
vwscanw(3X) vwscanw(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME vwscanw — convert formatted input from a window SYNOPSIS #include #include int vwscanw(WINDOW *win, char *fmt, va_list varglist); DESCRIPTION The vwscanw() function achieves the same effect as wscanw() using a variable argument list. The third argument is a va_list, as defined in . RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, vwscanw() returns OK. Otherwise, it returns ERR. ERRORS No errors are defined.
wconv(3C) wconv(3C) NAME towupper( ), towlower( ) - translate wide characters SYNOPSIS #include wint_t towupper(wint_t wc); wint_t towlower(wint_t wc); Remarks: These functions are compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character conversion functions. They parallel the 8-bit character conversion functions defined in conv(3C). DESCRIPTION towupper() and towlower() have as domain a wint_t , the value of which is representable as a wchar_t or the value WEOF .
wcrtomb(3C) wcrtomb(3C) NAME wcrtomb( ) - convert a wide-character code to a character (restartable) SYNOPSIS #include size_t wcrtomb(char *s, wchar_t wc, mbstate_t *ps); DESCRIPTION If s is a null pointer, the wcrtomb() function is equivalent to the call: wcrtomb(buf, L’\0’, ps) where buf is an internal buffer.
wcsftime(3C) wcsftime(3C) NAME wcsftime( ) - convert date and time to wide-character string SYNOPSIS #include size_t wcsftime( wchar_t *ws, size_t maxsize, const char *format, const struct tm *timeptr ); _INCLUDE__STDC_A1_SOURCE only size_t wcsftime( wchar_t *ws, size_t maxsize, const wchar_t *format, const struct tm *timeptr ); Remarks: This function is compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character formatting functions.
wcsftime(3C) %M %n %p %r %R %S %t %T %u %U %V %w %W %x %X %y %Y %Z %% wcsftime(3C) Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. The New-line character. Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. The time in AM and PM notation; in the POSIX locale this is equivalent to %I:%M:%S %p. The time in 24 hour notation (%H:%M). Second as a decimal number [00,61]. The Tab character. The time in hours, minutes, and seconds (%H:%M:%S). The weekday as a decimal number [1(Monday),7].
wcsftime(3C) wcsftime(3C) %Om %OM %OS %Ou %OU The month using the locale’s alternative numeric symbols. %OV The week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week, rules corresponding to %V) using tht locale’s alternative numeric symbols. %Ow %OW The number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale’s alternative numeric symbols. %Oy The year (offset from %C) in the locale’s alternative representation and using the locale’s alternative symbols.
wcsftime(3C) wcsftime(3C) RETURN VALUE If the total number of resulting wide characters including the terminating null wide character is not more than maxsize , wcsftime() returns the number of wide characters placed into the array pointed to by ws, not including the terminating null wide character. Otherwise, zero is returned and the contents of the array are indeterminate.
wcsrtombs(3C) wcsrtombs(3C) NAME wcsrtombs( ) - convert a wide-character string to a character string (restartable) SYNOPSIS #include size_t wcsrtombs(char *dst, const wchar_t **src, size_t len, mbstate_t *ps); DESCRIPTION The wcsrtombs() function converts a sequence of wide-characters from the array indirectly pointed to by src into a sequence of corresponding characters, beginning in the conversion state described by the object pointed to by ps.
wcstod(3C) wcstod(3C) NAME wcstod( ) - convert wide character string to double-precision number SYNOPSIS #include double wcstod(const wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr); Remarks: This function is compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character formatting functions. It parallels the 8-bit character formatting function defined in strtod(3C).
wcstol(3C) wcstol(3C) NAME wcstol( ), wcstoul( ) - convert wide character string to long integer SYNOPSIS #include long int wcstol(const wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr, int base); unsigned long int wcstoul(const wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr, int base); Remarks: These functions are compliant with the XPG4 Worldwide Portability Interface wide-character formatting functions. They parallel the 8-bit character formatting functions defined in strtol(3C).
wcstring(3C) wcstring(3C) NAME wcscat( ), wcsncat( ), wcscmp( ), wcsncmp( ), wcscpy( ), wcsncpy( ), wcslen( ), wcschr( ), wcsrchr( ), wcsstr( ), wcspbrk( ), wcsspn( ), wcscspn( ), wcswcs( ), wcstok( ), wcscoll( ), wcwidth( ), wcswidth( ), wcsxfrm( ) - wide character string operations SYNOPSIS #include
wcstring(3C) wcstring(3C) copied. The result is not null-terminated if the length of ws2 is n or more. Each function returns ws1. Note that wcsncpy() should not be used to copy an arbitrary structure. If that structure contains sizeof(wchar_t) consecutive null bytes, wcsncpy() may not copy the entire structure. Use the memcpy() function (see memory (3C)) to copy arbitrary binary data. wcslen() returns the number of wide characters in ws, not including the terminating null wide character.
wcstring(3C) wcstring(3C) Obsolescent Interface wcstok_r() performs wide character string operations. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Locale The LC_COLLATE category determines the collation ordering used by the wcscoll() function. The LC_CTYPE category determines how widths are calculated by the wcwidth() and wcswidth() functions. ERRORS wcswidth() fails if the following condition is encountered: [EINVAL] ws is NULL or if ws contains an unprintable wide character.
wcstring(3C) wcstring(3C) wcscoll() : XPG4 wcscpy() : XPG4 wcscspn() : XPG4 wcslen() : XPG4 wcsncat() : XPG4 wcsncmp() : XPG4 wcsncpy() : XPG4 wcspbrk() : XPG4 wcsrchr() : XPG4 wcsspn() : XPG4 wcstok() : XPG4 wcswcs() : XPG4 wcswidth() : XPG4 wcwidth() : XPG4 wcsxfrm() : XPG4 w HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005 −4− Hewlett-Packard Company Section 3−−1049
wctype(3C) wctype(3C) NAME iswalpha( ), iswupper( ), iswlower( ), iswdigit( ), iswxdigit( ), iswalnum( ), iswspace( ), iswpunct( ), iswprint( ), iswgraph( ), iswcntrl( ), wctype( ), iswctype( ) - classify wide characters SYNOPSIS #include
wctype(3C) iswcntrl( wc ) wctype(3C) wc is a control character (in ASCII: character codes less than 040 and the delete character (0177)). If the argument to any of these functions is outside the domain of the function, the result is 0 (false). Definitions for these functions and the types wint_t , wchar_t , and wctype_t are provided in the header. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Locale The LC_CTYPE category determines the classification of character type.
wmemory(3C) wmemory(3C) NAME wmemchr( ), wmemcmp( ), wmemcpy( ), wmemmove( ), wmemset( ) - memory operations based on widecharacter SYNOPSIS #include
wordexp(3C) wordexp(3C) NAME wordexp(), wordfree() - perform word expansions SYNOPSIS #include int wordexp(const char *words, wordexp_t *pwordexp, int flags); void wordfree(wordexp_t *pwordexp); DESCRIPTION wordexp() performs word expansions and places the list of expanded words into the structure pointed to by pwordexp. The words argument is a pointer to a string containing one or more words to be expanded.
wordexp(3C) wordexp(3C) • Zero or more null pointers, as specified by WRDE_DOOFFS and pwordexp ->we_offs . • Pointers to the words that were in the pwordexp ->we_wordv list before the call, in the same order as before. • Pointers to the new words generated by the latest call, in the specified order. • The count returned in pwordexp ->we_wordc is the total number of words from all of the calls.
wunctrl(3X) wunctrl(3X) (ENHANCED CURSES) NAME wunctrl — generate printable representation of a wide character SYNOPSIS #include wchar_t *wunctrl(cchar_t *wc); DESCRIPTION The wunctrl() function generates a wide character string that is a printable representation of the wide character wc. This function also performs the following processing on the input argument: • Control characters are converted to the ˆX notation. • Any rendition information is removed.
xdr(3N) xdr(3N) NAME xdr - library routines for external data representation DESCRIPTION XDR routines allow C programmers to describe arbitrary data structures in a machine-independent fashion. Data for remote procedure calls (RPC) are transmitted using these routines.
xdr(3N) xdr(3N) In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() . These functions should not be called by a multithreaded application that support asynchronous cancellation or asynchronous signals. SEE ALSO rpc(3N), xdr_admin(3N), xdr_complex(3N), xdr_create(3N), xdr_simple(3N).
xdr_admin(3N) xdr_admin(3N) NAME xdr_admin, xdr_control, xdr_getpos, xdr_inline, xdrrec_endofrecord, xdrrec_eof, xdrrec_readbytes, xdrrec_skiprecord, xdr_setpos, xdr_sizeof - library routines for external data representation SYNOPSIS #include
xdr_admin(3N) xdr_admin(3N) rest of the current record in the stream, this routine returns TRUE if there is no more data in the stream’s input buffer. It returns FALSE if there is additional data in the stream’s input buffer. int xdrrec_readbytes() This routine can be invoked only on streams created by xdrrec_create(). It attempts to read nbytes bytes from the XDR stream into the buffer pointed to by addr. On success this routine returns the number of bytes read, -1 on failure.
xdr_complex(3N) xdr_complex(3N) NAME xdr_complex, xdr_array, xdr_bytes, xdr_opaque, xdr_pointer, xdr_reference, xdr_string, xdr_union, xdr_vector, xdr_wrapstring - library routines for external data representation SYNOPSIS #include
xdr_complex(3N) xdr_complex(3N) translates the structure between its C form and its external representation. If *pp is null when decoding, xdr_reference() allocates memory and *pp points to it. This routine returns 1 if it succeeds, 0 otherwise. Warning: this routine does not understand NULL pointers. Use xdr_pointer() instead. bool_t xdr_string() xdr_string() translates between C strings and their corresponding external representations. Strings cannot be longer than maxsize.
xdr_create(3N) xdr_create(3N) NAME xdr_create, xdr_destroy, xdrmem_create, xdrrec_create, xdrstdio_create - library routines for external data representation stream creation SYNOPSIS #include
xdr_create(3N) xdr_create(3N) the xdrrec_create() function, if the x_ops field is still NULL , the call has failed. If the x_ops field contains some other value, the call can be assumed to have succeeded. The failure can not be detected in case of xdrmem_create() and xdrstdio_create() functions. MULTITHREAD USAGE Thread Safe: Cancel Safe: Fork Safe: Async-cancel Safe: Async-signal Safe: Yes Yes No No No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment.
xdr_simple(3N) xdr_simple(3N) NAME xdr_simple, xdr_bool, xdr_char, xdr_double, xdr_enum, xdr_float, xdr_free, xdr_hyper, xdr_int, xdr_long, xdr_longlong_t, xdr_quadruple, xdr_short, xdr_u_char, xdr_u_hyper, xdr_u_int, xdr_u_long, xdr_u_longlong_t, xdr_u_short, xdr_void - library routines for external data representation SYNOPSIS #include
xdr_simple(3N) xdr_simple(3N) bool_t xdr_enum() xdr_enum() translates between C enum (actually integers) and their external representations. This routine returns TRUE if it succeeds, FALSE otherwise. bool_t xdr_float() xdr_float() translates between C float s and their external representations. This routine returns TRUE if it succeeds, FALSE otherwise. void xdr_free() Generic freeing routine. The first argument is the XDR routine for the object being freed.
xdr_simple(3N) Cancel Safe: Fork Safe: Async-cancel Safe: Async-signal Safe: xdr_simple(3N) Yes No No No These functions can be called safely in a multithreaded environment. They may be cancellation points in that they call functions that are cancel points. In a multithreaded environment, these functions are not safe to be called by a child process after fork() and before exec() .
y0(3M) y0(3M) NAME y0( ), y1( ), yn( ) - Bessel functions of the second kind SYNOPSIS #include double y0(double x); double y1(double x); double yn(int n, double x); DESCRIPTION y0() and y1() return the Bessel functions of x of the second kind of orders 0 and 1 respectively. yn() returns the Bessel function of x of the second kind of order n. The value of x must be greater than zero. To use these functions, compile either with the default -Ae option or with the -Aa and -D_HPUX_SOURCE options.
ypclnt(3C) ypclnt(3C) NAME ypclnt( ), yp_all( ), yp_bind( ), yp_first( ), yp_get_default_domain( ), yp_master( ), yp_match( ), yp_next( ), yp_order( ), yp_unbind( ), yperr_string( ), ypprot_err( ) - Network Information Service client interface SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file . . . -lnsl [ library . . . ] y #include #include #include #include
ypclnt(3C) ypclnt(3C) int ypprot_err(unsigned int incode); Remarks The Network Information Service (NIS) was formerly known as Yellow Pages (yp). Although the name has changed, the functionality of the service remains the same. DESCRIPTION These functions provide an interface to the Network Information Service (NIS) network-lookup service.
ypclnt(3C) ypclnt(3C) Under conditions of heavy server load or server failure, the NIS domain may become unbound and bind again (perhaps to a different server) while a client is running. This process can cause a break in one of the enumeration (retrieval) rules: specific entries may be seen twice by the client or not at all. This approach protects the client from error messages that would otherwise be returned in the midst of the enumeration.
ypclnt(3C) ypclnt(3C) yp_master() Returns the host name of the master NIS server for a map. yperr_string() Returns a pointer to an error message string that is null-terminated, but contains no period or newline.
yppasswd(3N) yppasswd(3N) NAME yppasswd( ) - update user password in Network Information Service SYNOPSIS cc [ flag . . . ] file. . . -lnsl [ library. . . ] #include #include int yppasswd(char *oldpass, struct passwd *newpw); DESCRIPTION If oldpass is the old, unencrypted user password, this routine replaces the password entry with the encrypted newpw.
yppasswd(3N) yppasswd(3N) SEE ALSO yppasswd(1), yppasswdd(1M).
ypupdate(3C) ypupdate(3C) NAME ypupdate: yp_update() - change NIS information SYNOPSIS cc [ flag ]... file... -lnsl [ library ]... #include yp_update (domain, map, ypop, key, keylen, data, datalen) char *domain; char *map; unsigned ypop; char *key; int keylen; char *data; int datalen; Remarks The Network Information Service (NIS) was formerly known as Yellow Pages (yp). Although the name has changed, the functionality of the service remains the same.
