HP-UX Reference (11i v1 05/09) - 1 User Commands A-M (vol 1)

l
ld(1) ld(1)
NAME
ld - link editor
SYNOPSIS
Common Options
ld [-bdmnqrstvxzEGIOPQVZ
][-a
search][-c filename][-dynamic][-e epsym][-h
symbol]...
[
-lx  file]... [
-l: library][-noshared][-o outfile][-u symbol]... [
-y symbol]... [-B
bind][-D offset][
-Fl lib][-L dir]... [-R offset][-Pd][
-PD file][-PF file][+afs
func_sym_x=func_sym_y]... [
+allowdups ][
+b path_list][+compat][+copyobjdebug
]
[
+df file][+e symbol][
+ee symbol][+fb][+fbu][+filter shared_library_path][
+fini
function][+gst][+gstsize size][
+h internal_name][
+help][+init function]
[
+[no]inputmmap
][+interp file][+k][
+n][+[no]mergeseg][
+[no]mmap]
[
+nocopyobjdebug
][+noobjdebug ][+objdebugonly
][+origin shared_library_path]
[
+pd size][+pgm name][
+pi size][+profilebucketsize
size][+s][+std][+tools]
[
+v[no]shlibunsats
][+vallcompatwarnings
][+v[no]compatwarnings
][+FP flag]
[+I symbol][+O[no]fastaccess
][+O[no]procelim
][+Oreusedir= dir]
[
+Oselectivepercent
n][+Oselectivesize
size][+OselectiveO3
][+Osta-
ticprediction
]
PA-RISC 32-Bit (SOM) Options
ld [-NST][-A name][-C n][-Fw][-Fz
][+cdp oldpath:newpath][+cg pathname][+dpv][+ea
filename][+gstbuckets size][+nosmartbind ][+plabel_cache
flag]
PA-RISC 64-Bit (ELF) Options
ld [-symbolic symbol]... [+allowrorelocs
][+[no]allowunsats]
[
+[no]defaultrpath
][+[no]forceload][+hideallsymbols
][+ild][+ildnowarn ]
[
+ildpad percentage][+ildrelink ][+interposer ][-k filename][
+[no]lazyload]
[
+linkersyms ][+nodefaultmap
][+noenvvar ][+nodynhash ][+nosectionmerge]
[
+nosymb symbol]... [+paddata pagesize][+padtext pagesize][+pdzero]
[
+stripunwind ][+vtype type]
DESCRIPTION
ld takes one or more object files or libraries as input and combines them to produce a single (usually exe-
cutable) file. In doing so it resolves references to external symbols, assigns final addresses to procedures
and variables, revises code and data to reflect new addresses (a process called "relocation"), and updates
symbolic debug information when present in the file. By default, ld produces an executable file that can
be run by the HP-UX loader exec() (see exec(2)). Alternatively, the linker can generate a relocatable file
that is suitable for further processing by ld (see -r below). It can also generate a shared library (see
-b
below). The linker marks the output file non-executable if there are any duplicate symbols or any
unresolved external references remain. ld may or may not generate an output file (see +k
option) if any
other errors occur during its operation.
ld recognizes three kinds of input files: object files created by the compilers, assembler, or linker (also
known as .o files), shared libraries created by the linker, and archives of object files (called archive
libraries).
An archive library contains a table of all the externally-visible symbols from its component object files.
(The archiver command ar(1) creates and maintains this index.) ld uses this table to resolve references
to external symbols.
ld processes files in the same order as they appear on the command line. It includes code and data from
an archive library element if and only if that object module provides a definition for a currently unresolved
reference within the user’s program or shared library or dependent shared library. It is common practice to
list libraries following the names of all simple object files on the command line.
Code and data from shared libraries is never copied into an executable program. The dynamic loader
/usr/lib/dld.sl on 32-bit links is invoked at startup time by the startup file crt0.o if a program
uses shared libraries. Identical copies of
crt0.o can be found in either /usr/ccs/lib/crt0.o or
/opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o. For 64-bit mode, the dynamic loader is
/usr/lib/pa20_64/dld.sl and is invoked by exec for those programs that use shared libraries.
crt0.o is not required in shared bound links. The dynamic loader attaches each required library to the
process and resolves all symbolic references between the program and its libraries.
NOTE: For information on linking secure programs with shared libraries, see the Linking Secure Programs
section below.
HP-UX 11i Version 1: September 2005 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company Section 1−−437