HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)
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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
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glossary(9) glossary(9)
system The HP-UX operating system. See also kernel.
system asynchronous I/O
A method of performing I/O whereby a process informs a driver or subsystem that it wants
to know when data has arrived or when it is possible to perform a write request. The
driver or subsystem maintainsa set of buffers through which the process performs I/O. See
ioctl(2), read(2), select(2), and write(2) for more information.
system call An HP-UX operating system kernel function available to the user through a high-level
language (such as FORTRAN, Pascal, or C). Also called an ‘‘intrinsic’’ or a ‘‘system intrin-
sic.’’ The available system calls are documented in Section 2 of the HP-UX Reference
Manual.
system console
A keyboard and display (or terminal) given a unique status by HP-UX and associated with
the special file /dev/console . All boot ROM error messages, HP-UX system error mes-
sages, and certain system status messages are sent to the system console. Under certain
conditions (such as the single-user state), the system console provides the only mechanism
for communicating with HP-UX. See the System Administrator manuals and user guides
provided with your system for details on configuration and use of the system console.
system process
A system process is a process that runs on behalf of the system. It may have special
implementation-defined characteristics.
terminal A character special file that obeys the specifications of termio(7).
terminal affiliation
The process by which a process group leader establishes an association between itself and a
particular terminal. A terminal becomes affiliated with a process group leader (and subse-
quently all processes created by the process group leader, see terminal group) whenever
the process group leader executes (either directly or indirectly) an open(2) or creat(2) sys-
tem call to open a terminal. Then, if the process which is executing open(2) or creat(2) is a
process group leader, and if that process group leader is not yet affiliated with a terminal,
and if the terminal being opened is not yet affiliated with a process group, the affiliation is
established (however, see open(2) description of
O_NOCTTY).
An affiliated terminal keeps track of its process group affiliation by storing the process
group’s process group ID in an internal structure.
Two benefits are realized by terminal affiliation. First, all signals sent from the terminal
are sent to all processes in the terminal group. Second, all processes in the terminal group
can perform I/O to/from the generic terminal driver /dev/tty, which automatically
selects the affiliated terminal.
Terminal affiliation is broken with a terminal group when the process group leader ter-
minates, after which the hangup signal is sent to all processes remaining in the process
group. Also, if a process (which is not a process group leader) in the terminal group
becomes a process group leader via the setpgrp(2) system call, its terminal affiliation is bro-
ken.
See process group, process group leader, terminal group, and setpgrp(2).
terminal device
See terminal.
text file A file that contains characters organized into one or more lines. The lines cannot contain
NUL characters, and none can exceed LINE_MAX bytes in length including the terminat-
ing newline character. Although neither the kernel nor the C language implementation
distinguishes between text files and binary files (see ANSI C Standard X3-159-19xx), many
utilities behave predictably only when operating on text files.
tty Originally, an abbreviationfor teletypewriter; now, generally, a terminal.
upshifting The conversion of a lowercase character to its uppercase representation.
user ID Each system user is identified by an integer known as a user ID, which is in the range of
zero to
UID_MAX, inclusive. Depending on how the user is identified with a process, a
user ID value is referred to as a real user ID,aneffective user ID,orasaved user ID.
HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000 − 22 − Section 9−−23
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